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Chaleshtori ZA, Rastegari AA, Nayeri H, Doosti A. Use of immunoinformatics and the simulation approach to identify Helicobacter pylori epitopes to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for B- and T-cells. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 37759228 PMCID: PMC10537100 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori cause a variety of gastric malignancies, gastric ulcers, and cause erosive diseases. The extreme nature of the bacterium and the implantation of this bacterium protects it against designing a potent drug against it. Therefore, employing a precise and effective design for a more safe and stable antigenic vaccine against this pathogen can effectively control its associated infections. This study, aimed at improving the design of multiple subunit vaccines against H. pylori, adopts multiple immunoinformatics approaches in combination with other computational approaches. RESULTS In this regard, 10 HTL, and 11 CTL epitopes were employed based on appropriate adopted MHC binding scores and c-terminal cut-off scores of 4 main selected proteins (APO, LeoA, IceA1, and IceA2). An adjuvant was added to the N end of the vaccine to achieve higher stability. For validation, immunogenicity and sensitization of physicochemical analyses were performed. The vaccine could be antigenic with significantly strong interactions with TOLK-2, 4, 5, and 9 receptors. The designed vaccine was subjected to Gromacs simulation and immune response prediction modelling that confirmed expression and immune-stimulating response efficiency. Besides, the designed vaccine showed better interactions with TLK-9. CONCLUSIONS Based on our analyses, although the suggested vaccine could induce a clear response against H. pylori, precise laboratory validation is required to confirm its immunogenicity and safety status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Asghar Rastegari
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hashem Nayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Mi M, Deng Z, Zhu J, Liu Q, Chen X, Chen Z. Correlation analysis of gastric mucosal lesions with Helicobacter pylori infection and its virulence genotype in Guiyang, Guizhou province, China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1320. [PMID: 36660645 PMCID: PMC9843376 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most important factor affecting clinical outcome in patients with gastric mucosal lesions. This study aimed to investigate H. pylori infection in patients with gastric mucosal lesions and their virulence genotype in Guiyang, China. Methods Pathological examinations of 1,364 biopsies from patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and H. pylori infection were analyzed according to different pathological types. The bacterial genome DNA was extracted from H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies, and the cagA, vacA, and iceA virulence genes were detected and typed to analyze the correlation of their genotypes between different pathological lesions. Results The positive rate of H. pylori infection was approximately 19.9% (272/1,364), as determined by histopathological examination (HPE). It was more frequently detected in men than in women. A total of 85 H. pylori isolates were obtained from 280 clinical samples (positive rate 30.4%, 85/280). Of these 85 strains, cagA, vacA, and iceA genes were identified in 85.9%, 100%, and 83.5% of samples, respectively. Approximately 74.1% of strains were cagA East Asian type (cagA-ABD), and 11.8% of were cagA Western strains (cagA-AB, cagA-ABC), only present in patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis. Gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and gastric cancer harbored both Asian strains. A total of 7 combinations of vacA genotypes were noted, among which s1c/m1b (30.6%) and s1c/m2 (41.2%) were the dominant genotypes. The predominant iceA genotype was iceA1 (64.7%). Conclusions We observed that the positive rate of H. pylori infection was related to the pathological type of patients' gastric mucosal lesions. Isolated H. pylori strains showed a unique genotype, mainly East Asian type cagA (ABD), vacA s1c/m2 genotype, and iceA1. These results provide an important reference for further studies of H. pylori in Guizhou province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China;,Joint Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Microecology of The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China;,Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Microecology of The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China;,Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Rodriguez AM, Urrea DA, Prada CF. Helicobacter pylori virulence factors: relationship between genetic variability and phylogeographic origin. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12272. [PMID: 34900406 PMCID: PMC8628625 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract from human stomachs and causes diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma (MALT), and gastric cancer, with a higher prevalence in developing countries. Its high genetic diversity among strains is caused by a high mutation rate, observing virulence factors (VFs) variations in different geographic lineages. This study aimed to postulate the genetic variability associated with virulence factors present in the Helicobacter pylori strains, to identify the relationship of these genes with their phylogeographic origin. Methods The complete genomes of 135 strains available in NCBI, from different population origins, were analyzed using bioinformatics tools, identifying a high rate; as well as reorganization events in 87 virulence factor genes, divided into seven functional groups, to determine changes in position, number of copies, nucleotide identity and size, contrasting them with their geographical lineage and pathogenic phenotype. Results Bioinformatics analyses show a high rate of gene annotation errors in VF. Analysis of genetic variability of VFs shown that there is not a direct relationship between the reorganization and geographic lineage. However, regarding the pathogenic phenotype demonstrated in the analysis of many copies, size, and similarity when dividing the strains that possess and not the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), having a higher risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer was evidenced. Our data has shown that the analysis of the overall genetic variability of all VFs present in each strain of H. pylori is key information in understanding its pathogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M Rodriguez
- Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Urrea
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Prada
- Grupo de Investigación de Biología y Ecología de Artrópodos. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
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Akeel M, Shehata A, Elhafey A, Elmakki E, Aboshouk T, Ageely H, Mahfouz M. Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in dyspeptic patients from southwestern region, Saudi Arabia: distribution and association with clinical outcomes and histopathological changes. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:16. [PMID: 30683054 PMCID: PMC6346553 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify the common H. pylori virulence genes among dyspeptic Southwestern Saudi patients and their association with clinical outcomes and histopathological findings to help practitioners and researchers in the region for better management of infections caused by such bacteria. Methods Four hundred two gastric biopsy specimens were analyzed using histopathological examination and real time-PCR. The positive 187 specimens by RT-PCR were genotyped using PCR targeting cagA, vacA and iceA genes. Results One hundred twenty-eight gastric biopsy specimens were positive in genotyping PCRs. The cagA, vacA, iceA1 and iceA2 genes were detected in rates of 49.2% (63/128), 100%(128/128), 42.2% (54/128), 32.8% (42/128), respectively. The vacA s1as1bm2 subtype was the highest 23.4% (30/128), followed by m2 and s1a1b subtypes which were equally detected [16.4% (21/128) for each]. The iceA genes were significantly associated with gastritis and gastric ulcer. Overall, vacA genotypes were significantly associated with gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. The vacA subtypes: s1as1bm2, s1a1b and s2 m2 showed chronic active gastritis in percentages of 90.0, 81, and 84.2%, respectively. All vacA mixed genotypes showed chronic active gastritis. Conclusions H. pylori virulence genes are highly prevalent and diverse among patients with dyspepsia in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. The iceA genes and the different vacA subtypes are significantly associated with the clinical outcomes and histopathological changes especially chronic active gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akeel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atef Shehata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elhafey
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Erwa Elmakki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa Aboshouk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Ageely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abu-Taleb AMF, Abdelattef RS, Abdel-Hady AA, Omran FH, El-korashi LA, Abdel-aziz El-hady H, El-Gebaly AM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA and iceA Genes and Their Association with Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:4809093. [PMID: 29849647 PMCID: PMC5907521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4809093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
H. pylori infection causes peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma. It has several virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A(cagA) and the induced by contact with epithelium antigen (iceA). We aimed to explore the relationship between cagA and iceA of H. pylori and gastrointestinal diseases. One hundred and eighteen patients who attended Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt, were included in this study. Two gastric biopsies were collected and evaluated by rapid urease test (RUT) and PCR. cagA and iceA genes were amplified by PCR. We found that 54 patients (45.76%) were positive by both RUT and PCR. cagA and iceA genes were present in 57.4% and 46.29% of the studied patients, respectively. cagA was the most prevalent gene in gastritis (33.3%) and peptic ulcer (68.7%). iceA1/iceA2 positive genes were the most prevalent in gastric cancer (75%). iceA1 gene was present in 38.7% of cagA positive cases, but iceA2 gene was present in 45.2% of cagA positive cases. iceA1/iceA2 positive genes were present in 29% of cagA positive cases. In conclusion, cagA and iceA genes could be used as markers for severe gastrointestinal diseases. iceA gene was strongly related to cagA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwak M. F. Abu-Taleb
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Randa S. Abdelattef
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amina A. Abdel-Hady
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Farida H. Omran
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lobna A. El-korashi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. El-Gebaly
- Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Isaeva G, Valieva R. Biological characteristics and virulence of Helicobacter pylori. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2018.1.14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the most recent data on the biological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (morphological, cultural, biochemical). H. pylori pathogenicity factors promoting colonization, adhesion, biofilm formation, aggression, and cytotoxicity, their contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases as well as the possible relationships with various clinical outcomes are described in detail. The genetic heterogeneity of H. pylori strains which can determine different clinical manifestations and have significance for conducting epidemiological studies is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.Sh. Isaeva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Kazan State Medical University (Kazan, Russia)
| | - R.I. Valieva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; KazanState Medical University (Kazan, Russia)
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7
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Detection of Helicobacter pylori vacA , cagA and iceA1 virulence genes associated with gastric diseases in Egyptian patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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8
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Paredes-Osses E, Sáez K, Sanhueza E, Hebel S, González C, Briceño C, García Cancino A. Association between cagA, vacAi, and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathologies in Chilean patients. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:437-444. [PMID: 28283946 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the already known cagA gene, novel genetic markers have been associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence: the dupA and vacAi genes. These genes might play an important role as specific markers to determine the clinical outcome of the disease, especially the vacAi gene, which has been expected to be a good marker of severe pathologies like gastric adenocarcinoma. In the present study, the association of cagA, dupA, and vacAi genes with gastroduodenal pathologies in Chilean patients was studied. One hundred and thirty-two patients positive for H. pylori were divided into two groups-non-severe and severe gastric pathologies-and investigated for the presence of cagA, dupA, and vacAi H. pylori virulence genes by PCR. The cagA gene was detected in 20/132 patients (15.2%), the vacAi1 gene was detected in 54/132 patients (40.9%), the vacAi2 gene was detected in 26/132 patients (19.7%), and the dupA gene was detected in 50/132 (37.9%) patients. Logistic regression model analysis showed that the vacAi1 isoform gene in the infected strains and the severity of the diseases outcome were highly associated, causing severe gastric damage that may lead to gastric cancer (p < 0.0001; OR = 8.75; 95% CI 3.54-21.64). Conversely, cagA (p = 0.3507; OR = 1.62; 95% CI 0.59-4.45) and vacAi2 (p = 0.0114; OR = 3.09; 95% CI 1.26-7.60) genes were not associated with damage, while the dupA gene was associated significantly with non-severe clinical outcome (p = 0.0032; OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.65). In addition, dupA gene exerts protection against severe gastric pathologies induced by vacAi1 by delaying the outcome of the disease by approximately 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Paredes-Osses
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katia Sáez
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physics and Math's Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Enrique Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sonja Hebel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos Briceño
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.
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Yakoob J, Abbas Z, Khan R, Salim SA, Abrar A, Awan S, Ahmad Z. Helicobacter pylori: correlation of the virulence marker iceA allele with clinical outcome in a high prevalence area. Br J Biomed Sci 2015; 72:67-73. [PMID: 26126322 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association of Helicobacter pylori virulence marker 'induced by contact with epithelium A' (iceA) allele types was determined in H. pylori-related diseases and virulence markers. Gastric biopsies were obtained at EGD from patients for culture, histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for iceA types, cagA and vacA alleles. Two hundred and eighty-four H. pylori isolates were examined. iceA type 1 was positive in 177 (62%) and iceA type 2 in 158 (56%). In iceA type 2, gastric ulcer was present in 34 (21%) (P < 0.001) and carcinoma in 28 (25%) (P = 0.002), compared to nine (8%) and 2 (2%) in iceA type 2-negative cases. For iceA type 2, 139 (88%) were associated with chronic active gastritis compared to 95 (75%) (P = 0.006) in iceA type 2-negative. H. pylori cagA was positive in 101 (64%) iceA type 2 strains compared to 57 (45%) in negative strains (P = 0.002). H. pylori iceA type 2 was dominant and associated with cagA, chronic active inflammation, gastric ulcer and carcinoma.
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Osman HA, Hasan H, Suppian R, Bahar N, Hussin NSC, Rahim AA, Hassan S, Andee DZ, Zilfalil BA. Evaluation of the Atlas Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test for diagnosis of infection in adult patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5245-7. [PMID: 25040982 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important causes of dyspepsia and gastric cancer and diagnosis can be made by invasive or non-invasive methods. The Atlas Helicobacter pylori antigen test is a new rapid non-invasive method which is simple to conduct. The aim of this study was to determine its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted between July 2012 and December 2013. Stool samples of 59 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper endoscopy were evaluated for H. pylori stool antigen. RESULTS From the 59 patients who participated in this study, there were 36 (61%) males and 23 (39%) females. H. pylori was diagnosed in 24 (40.7%) gastric biopsies, 22 (91.7 %) of these being positive for the Atlas H. pylori antigen test. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 91.7%, 100%, 100%, 94.6% and 96.6% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Atlas H. pylori antigen test is a new non-invasive method which is simple to perform and avails reliable results in a few minutes. Thus it can be the best option for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ali Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail :
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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA, and iceA Genotypes in Cuban Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:753710. [PMID: 25945344 PMCID: PMC4402555 DOI: 10.1155/2015/753710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori can predict the development of different gastroduodenal diseases. There are scarce reports in Cuba about H. pylori isolates genotyping. The aim of the present investigation was to identify allelic variation of the virulence genes vacA, cagA, and iceA in sixty-eight patients diagnosed as H. pylori positive by culture. In seven out of 68 patients, strains from both gastric regions were obtained and considered independent. DNA was extracted from all the H. pylori strains and evaluated by PCR-genotyping. The vacA s1 allele, cagA gene, and iceA2 allele were the most prevalent (72.0%, 56.0%, and 57.3%, respectively). Alleles from m-region showed a similar frequency as s1a and s1b subtypes. The presence of multiple H. pylori genotypes in a single biopsy and two gastric region specimens were found. Significant statistical association was observed between iceA2 allele and patients with non-peptic ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) (P = 0.037) as well as virulence genotypes (s1, s1m2) and patients over 40 years old (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results demonstrated a high prevalence of H. pylori virulent genotypes in Cuban patients over 40 years old while iceA2 alleles demonstrated a good specificity in patients with NUD.
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Salimzadeh L, Bagheri N, Zamanzad B, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rahimian G, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sanei MH, Shirzad H. Frequency of virulence factors in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with gastritis. Microb Pathog 2015; 80:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Razavi A, Bagheri N, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Shirzad M, Rahimian G, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Shirzad H. Comparative Immune Response in Children and Adults with H. pylori Infection. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:315957. [PMID: 26495322 PMCID: PMC4606101 DOI: 10.1155/2015/315957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is generally acquired during early childhood; therefore, the immune response which usually takes place at this age may influence or even determine susceptibility to the infection contributing to the clinical outcomes in adulthood. Several cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 as well as Foxp3(+) cell numbers have been shown to be higher; however, some other cytokines consisting of IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 are lower in infected children than in infected adults. Immune response to H. pylori infection in children is predominant Treg instead of Th17 cell response. These results indicate that immune system responses probably play a role in persistent H. pylori infection. Childhood H. pylori infection is also associated with significantly lower levels of inflammation and ulceration compared with adults. This review, therefore, aimed to provide critical findings of the available literature about comparative immune system in children and adults with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Razavi
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- 1Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- 2Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shirzad
- 3School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- 5Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedaytollah Shirzad
- 2Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- *Hedaytollah Shirzad:
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14
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Roesler BM, Rabelo-Gonçalves EMA, Zeitune JMR. Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori: A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 7:9-17. [PMID: 24833944 PMCID: PMC4019226 DOI: 10.4137/cgast.s13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and can establish a long-term infection of the gastric mucosa, a condition that affects the relative risk of developing various clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori presents a high-level of genetic diversity, which can be an important factor in its adaptation to the host stomach and also for the clinical outcome of infection. There are important H. pylori virulence factors that, along with host characteristics and the external environment, have been associated with the different occurrences of diseases. This review is aimed to analyzing and summarizing the main of them and possible associations with the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Roesler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M A Rabelo-Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M R Zeitune
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ; Center of Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Buzás GM. [Helicobacter pylori - 2012]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:1407-18. [PMID: 22951408 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The author overviews some aspects of literature data of the past 2 years. Genetic research has identified polymorphisms of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and the host which could play a role in the clinical outcome of the infection (peptic ulcer or gastric cancer). So far they have been performed in research centers but with a decrease of costs, they will take their place in diagnosing the diseases and tailoring the treatment. Antibiotic resistance is still growing in Southern European countries and is decreasing in Belgium and Scandinavia. Currently, the clarithromycin resistance rate is of 17-33% in Budapest and levofloxacin resistance achieved 27%. With careful assessment of former antibiotic use the resistance to certain antibiotics can be avoided and the rates of eradication improved. Immigration is a growing problem worldwide: according to Australian, Canadian and Texan studies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is much higher in the immigrant groups than in the local population. An Italian study showed that the eradication rate of triple therapy is significantly lower in the Eastern European immigrants than in the Italians. A recent research has suggested a link between female/male infertility, habitual abortion and Helicobacter pylori infection. However, there are no published data or personal experience to show whether successful eradication of the virus in these cases is followed by successful pregnancies or not. The author overviews the Maastricht process and analyzes the provisions of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus, in which the new diagnostic algorithms and indications of eradication therapy are reformulated according to the latest levels of evidence and recommendation grading. According to the "test and treat" strategy, either the urea breath test or the stool monoclonal antigen test are recommended as a non-invasive diagnostic method in primary care. Endoscopy is still recommended in case of alarm symptoms, complicated ulcer, or if there is a suspicion of malignancy or MALT lymphoma. Local resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin should be considered in the choice of first-line therapy, in case of levels >15-20% these compounds should not be used. In regions with low resistance rates, classical triple therapy remains the regimen of choice; its alternative is the bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Determining antimicrobial resistance is justified after failed second- or third-line therapies; where available, molecular methods (fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction) should be used. As second/third line treatments, the sequential, bismuth-based quadruple, concomitant quadruple regimens, hybrid are all possible alternatives. The Hungarian diagnostic and therapeutic approach in practice is different in some aspects from the provisions of the European consensus. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1407-1418.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Miklós Buzás
- Ferencvárosi Egészségügyi Szolgáltató Kiemelkedően Közhasznú Nonprofit Kft. Gasztroenterológiai szakrendelés Budapest.
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Shao CJ, Zhang YL, Wang WB, Chen HJ, Kong M, Chen X, Song YZ. Cloning and sequence analysis of ithe iceA1 gene of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with various gastric disorders. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2218-2223. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i23.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clone and sequence the iceA1 gene of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from patients with various gastric disorders in Zhenjiang area.
METHODS: H. pylori strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer, and cultured on solid agar medium. The iceA1 gene was amplified from H. pylori DNA by PCR, cloned into T vector, sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods.
RESULTS: The iceA1 gene was cloned from 12 H. pylori strains derived from patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer and sequenced. Sequence analysis led to identification of three deletion hot spots (780del6, 809del5, 914del7) within the iceA1 open reading frame. All these deletion mutations were identified in strains from patients with peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis, but only 809del5 was detected in strains from cancer patients. Local DNA sequence analysis revealed that the endpoints of all there deletions coincided with direct repeats. We also found deletion hot spots that were associated with direct repeats in iceA1 and that favored a small-deletion model of slipped mispairing events during replication.
CONCLUSION: Analysis of iceA1 sequence variations may be a useful tool for analysis of the population genetics of H. pylori.
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Belda S, Saez J, Santibáñez M, Rodríguez JC, Sola-Vera J, Ruiz-García M, Brotons A, López-Girona E, Pérez E, Sillero C, Royo G. Relationship between bacterial load, morbidity and cagA gene in patients infected by Helicobacter pylori. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E251-3. [PMID: 22551001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and seventy-six biopsies of the gastric corpus and antrum from 97 patients were processed using classical and molecular methods in order to study the relationship between the factor cagA of Helicobacter pylori, bacterial load and morbidity. Bacterial load in patients with cagA was greater than in patients without it, both in the antrum and corpus (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant association between cagA and consumption of proton pump inhibitors (adjusted odds ratio 3.11). Haemorrhage of the upper digestive tract was more associated with bacterial load than with the cagA gene (adjusted odds ratio 2.34 and 1.12, respectively), but none of these associations yielded statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belda
- S. Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Alicante, España
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Shiota S, Watada M, Matsunari O, Iwatani S, Suzuki R, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori iceA, clinical outcomes, and correlation with cagA: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30354. [PMID: 22279585 PMCID: PMC3261200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the iceA (induced by contact with epithelium) allelic types of Helicobacter pylori have been reported to be associated with peptic ulcer, the importance of iceA on clinical outcomes based on subsequent studies is controversial. The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the risk for clinical outcomes associated with iceA. Methods A literature search was performed using the PubMed and EMBASE databases for articles published through April 2011. Published case-control studies examining the relationship between iceA and clinical outcomes (gastritis, peptic ulcer, including gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer) were included. Results Fifty studies with a total of 5,357 patients were identified in the search. Infection with iceA1-positive H. pylori increased the overall risk for peptic ulcer by 1.26-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.45). However, the test for heterogeneity was significant among these studies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the presence of iceA1 was significantly associated with peptic ulcer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08–1.44). The presence of iceA2 was inversely associated with peptic ulcer (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65–0.89). The presence of iceA was not associated with gastric cancer. Most studies examined the cagA status; however, only 15 studies examined the correlation and only 2 showed a positive correlation between the presence of cagA and iceA1. Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirmed the importance of the presence of iceA for peptic ulcer, although the significance was marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Masahide Watada
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsunari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Shun Iwatani
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Rumiko Suzuki
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cofré C. Helicobacter pylori: una puesta al día en pediatría. Medwave 2011. [DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2011.07.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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