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Choppavarapu L, Fang K, Liu T, Jin VX. Hi-C profiling in tissues reveals 3D chromatin-regulated breast tumor heterogeneity and tumor-specific looping-mediated biological pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584872. [PMID: 38559097 PMCID: PMC10979939 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Current knowledge in three-dimensional (3D) chromatin regulation in normal and disease states was mostly accumulated through Hi-C profiling in in vitro cell culture system. The limitations include failing to recapitulate disease-specific physiological properties and often lacking clinically relevant disease microenvironment. In this study, we conduct tissue-specific Hi-C profiling in a pilot cohort of 12 breast tissues comprising of two normal tissues (NTs) and ten ER+ breast tumor tissues (TTs) including five primary tumors (PTs), and five tamoxifen-treated recurrent tumors (RTs). We find largely preserved compartments, highly heterogeneous topological associated domains (TADs) and intensively variable chromatin loops among breast tumors, demonstrating 3D chromatin-regulated breast tumor heterogeneity. Further cross-examination identifies RT-specific looping-mediated biological pathways and suggests CA2, an enhancer-promoter looping (EPL)-mediated target gene within the bicarbonate transport metabolism pathway, might play a role in driving the tamoxifen resistance. Remarkably, the inhibition of CA2 not only impedes tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo , but also reverses chromatin looping. Our study thus yields significant mechanistic insights into the role and clinical relevance of 3D chromatin architecture in breast cancer endocrine resistance.
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Abdelgawad MA, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Elkomy MH, Nayl AA, El-Ghorab AH, Alsohaimi IH, Abdel-Bakky MS, Althobaiti IO, Altaleb HA, Omar HA, Abdelazeem AH, Zaki MA, Shaker ME, Elshemy HAH. New Sulfamethoxazole Derivatives as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Modeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091134. [PMID: 36145355 PMCID: PMC9501356 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study new sulphamethoxazole derivatives (S1-S4, S6-S12, and S14-S22) were designed and synthesized and their structures were fully characterized and validated using NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analyses. All new derivatives (S1-S22) were assayed against human carbonic anhydrase (hCAs IX and XII) for their inhibitory activities. hCAs IX and XII were chosen due to the fact that CAIX expression is recognized as a hypoxia marker with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. When compared to Dorzolamide HCl as a standard reference, derivatives S2, S3, S8, S9, and S15 had the most effective inhibition with low IC50 values. The active compounds were further evaluated against hCAs I and II inhibitory activity and compounds S8, S9 and S15 showed the least inhibitory effect compared to the reference standard, acetazolamide, indicating that their effect in normal cells is the lowest. Cell viability tests for the selected compounds were carried out on MCF7 (normoxia and hypoxia) and on the normal breast cell line (MCF10a) with Staurosporine as a standard. The results showed that compound S15 had a highly potent cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis results showed that compound S15 triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in G1/S of MCF7 cancer cells. Finally, molecular docking was performed to point out the possible explanation for the vital structural features and key-interactions exerted by our ligands with hCAs IX and XII that might share additional designs and highlight possible leads for a hopeful anticancer agent. Consequently, sulphamethoxazole Derivative S15 could be the potential lead for emerging selective cytotoxic compounds directing h CAs IX and XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9543-5214
| | - Syed N. A. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElAziz. A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A. Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelazeem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Zaki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A. H. Elshemy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Ki67 for evaluating the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35527778 PMCID: PMC9073573 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Ki67 is observed in tumor cells, and it has been suggested to be a marker for cancer prognosis. However, the relationship between Ki67 expression and the risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains poorly defined. In the present study, a meta-analysis was used to examine the associations between Ki67 levels and GIST recurrence. Studies reporting GIST and Ki67 were found by searching Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase until October 14, 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to verify the quality of the evidence. Totally, 1682 patient cases were included. The odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each publication were determined by a fixed-effects (Mantel-Haenszel) model. A total of 20 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were finally included in the analysis. The average score of quality evaluation was 6.4 points according to NOS. It was found that Ki67 levels were significantly higher in the NIH L group compared with the NIH VL group (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26-0.99; P=0.04; P heterogeneity=0.44). There was also greater Ki67 overexpression in the NIH I group compared with the NIH L group (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.31-0.65; P<0.0001; P heterogeneity=0.32), while Ki67 levels were greater in the NIH H group than in the NIH I group (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.28; P<0.00001; P heterogeneity=0.56). In conclusion, Ki67 overexpression may be a useful marker of the risk of recurrent GIST transformation.
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Targeting the interplay between MMP-2, CA II and VEGFR-2 via new sulfonamide-tethered isomeric triazole hybrids; Microwave-assisted synthesis, computational studies and evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xing X, Yuan H, Liu H, Tan X, Zhao B, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Lin M, Liu X, Huang A. Quantitative Secretome Analysis Reveals Clinical Values of Carbonic Anhydrase II in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:94-107. [PMID: 33662630 PMCID: PMC8498920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and intervention are key strategies to reduce mortality, increase long-term survival, and improve the therapeutic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Herein, the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic strategy was used to study the secretomes in conditioned media from HCC cancerous tissues, surrounding noncancerous tissues, and distal noncancerous tissues to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. In total, 22 and 49 dysregulated secretory proteins were identified in the cancerous and surrounding noncancerous tissues, respectively, compared with the distal noncancerous tissues. Among these proteins, carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) was identified to be significantly upregulated in the secretome of cancerous tissues; correspondingly, the serum concentrations of CA2 were remarkably increased in HCC patients compared with that in normal populations. Interestingly, a significant increase of serum CA2 in recurrent HCC patients after radical resection was also confirmed compared with HCC patients without recurrence, and the serum level of CA2 could act as an independent prognostic factor for time to recurrence and overall survival. Regarding the mechanism, the secreted CA2 enhances the migration and invasion of HCC cells by activating the epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway. Taken together, this study identified a novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, and provided a valuable resource of HCC secretome for investigating serological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xing
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xionghong Tan
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jiahe Ouyang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Minjie Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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Ju KC, Zhang B, Hu YL, Feng Y, Li XH, Liu YF, Li P, Mao QS, Xue WJ. High expression of G protein subunit gamma 13 is associated with poor prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153143. [PMID: 32853961 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The G protein subunit gamma 13 (GNG13) plays an important role in olfaction, vision, and biological behavior. However, our knowledge of the relationship between GNG13 expression and the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal tumors is insufficient. Therefore, we used the Oncomine database to evaluate the expression of GNG13 mRNA in gastric cancer, the result showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of GNG13 between gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues, and GNG13 mRNA expression was assessed in 32 matched pairs of Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues as well as 32 matched pairs of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and adjacent normal tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results suggested that GNG13 is upregulated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the GNG13 in the tissues of 123 patients with GIST. High cytoplasmic expression of GNG13, which was observed in 65.85 % of GIST patients, significantly correlated with mitotic index(P = 0.036) and tumor size(P = 0.024). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the expression of GNG13 was significantly associated with tumor size. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that high GNG13 expression was associated with poor prognosis of GIST. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the expression of GNG13, mitotic index and tumor size were independent adverse prognostic factors of GIST. These findings suggest that GNG13 is associated with the malignant phenotype of GIST and may serve as a marker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Cheng Ju
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Karakas C, Christensen P, Baek D, Jung M, Ro JY. Dedifferentiated gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Recent advances. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 39:118-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Biophysical, Biochemical, and Cell Based Approaches Used to Decipher the Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Cancer and to Evaluate the Potency of Targeted Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2906519. [PMID: 30112206 PMCID: PMC6077552 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2906519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are thought to be important for regulating pH in the tumor microenvironment. A few of the CA isoforms are upregulated in cancer cells, with only limited expression in normal cells. For these reasons, there is interest in developing inhibitors that target these tumor-associated CA isoforms, with increased efficacy but limited nonspecific cytotoxicity. Here we present some of the biophysical, biochemical, and cell based techniques and approaches that can be used to evaluate the potency of CA targeted inhibitors and decipher the role of CAs in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastatic processes. These techniques include esterase activity assays, stop flow kinetics, and mass inlet mass spectroscopy (MIMS), all of which measure enzymatic activity of purified protein, in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Also discussed is the application of X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM as well as other structure-based techniques and thermal shift assays to the studies of CA structure and function. Further, large-scale genomic and proteomic analytical methods, as well as cell based techniques like those that measure cell growth, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cell migration and invasion, are discussed. We conclude by reviewing approaches that test the metastatic potential of CAs and how the aforementioned techniques have contributed to the field of CA cancer research.
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Karjalainen SL, Haapasalo HK, Aspatwar A, Barker H, Parkkila S, Haapasalo JA. Carbonic anhydrase related protein expression in astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:584. [PMID: 29792187 PMCID: PMC5966923 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) VIII, X and XI functionally differ from the other carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes. Structurally, they lack the zinc binding residues, which are important for enzyme activity of classical CAs. The distribution pattern of the CARPs in fetal brain implies their role in brain development. In the adult brain, CARPs are mainly expressed in the neuron bodies but only weaker reactivity has been found in the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Altered expression patterns of CARPs VIII and XI have been linked to cancers outside the central nervous system. There are no reports on CARPs in human astrocytomas or oligodendroglial tumors. We wanted to assess the expression of CARPs VIII and XI in these tumors and study their association to different clinicopathological features and tumor-associated CAs II, IX and XII. Methods The tumor material for this study was obtained from surgical patients treated at the Tampere University Hospital in 1983–2009. CARP VIII staining was analyzed in 391 grade I-IV gliomas and CARP XI in 405 gliomas. Results CARP VIII immunopositivity was observed in 13% of the astrocytomas and in 9% of the oligodendrogliomas. Positive CARP XI immunostaining was observed in 7% of the astrocytic and in 1% of the oligodendroglial tumor specimens. In our study, the most benign tumors, pilocytic astrocytomas, did not express CARPs at all. In WHO grade II-IV astrocytomas, CARPs were associated with molecular events related to more benign behavior, which was the case with CARP VIII in oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas as well. Conclusions The study observations suggest that the CARPs play a role in tumorigenesis of diffusively infiltrating gliomas. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms beneath the cancer promoting qualities of CARPs have not yet been discovered. Thus, more studies concerning role of CARPs in oncogenesis are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4493-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini L Karjalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Hannu K Haapasalo
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joonas A Haapasalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, PL 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Unit of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521, Tampere, Finland
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Mboge MY, Mahon BP, McKenna R, Frost SC. Carbonic Anhydrases: Role in pH Control and Cancer. Metabolites 2018; 8:E19. [PMID: 29495652 PMCID: PMC5876008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH of the tumor microenvironment drives the metastatic phenotype and chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this pH-dependent phenomenon will lead to improved drug delivery and allow the identification of new therapeutic targets. This includes an understanding of the role pH plays in primary tumor cells, and the regulatory factors that permit cancer cells to thrive. Over the last decade, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been shown to be important mediators of tumor cell pH by modulating the bicarbonate and proton concentrations for cell survival and proliferation. This has prompted an effort to inhibit specific CA isoforms, as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Of the 12 active CA isoforms, two, CA IX and XII, have been considered anti-cancer targets. However, other CA isoforms also show similar activity and tissue distribution in cancers and have not been considered as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we consider all the CA isoforms and their possible role in tumors and their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y Mboge
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Brian P Mahon
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Susan C Frost
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Charville GW, Longacre TA. Surgical Pathology of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Practical Implications of Morphologic and Molecular Heterogeneity for Precision Medicine. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:336-353. [PMID: 28820749 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, exhibits diverse histologic and clinical manifestations. With its putative origin in the gastrointestinal pacemaker cell of Cajal, GIST can arise in association with any portion of the tubular gastrointestinal tract. Morphologically, GISTs are classified as spindled or epithelioid, though each of these subtypes encompasses a broad spectrum of microscopic appearances, many of which mimic other histologic entities. Despite this morphologic ambiguity, the diagnosis of GIST is aided in many cases by immunohistochemical detection of KIT (CD117) or DOG1 expression. The natural history of GIST ranges from that of a tumor cured by surgical resection to that of a locally advanced or even widely metastatic, and ultimately fatal, disease. This clinicopathologic heterogeneity is paralleled by an underlying molecular diversity: the majority of GISTs are associated with spontaneous activating mutations in KIT, PDGFRA, or BRAF, while additional subsets are driven by genetic lesions-often inherited-of NF1 or components of the succinate dehydrogenase enzymatic complex. Specific gene mutations correlate with particular anatomic or morphologic characteristics and, in turn, with distinct clinical behaviors. Therefore, prognostication and treatment are increasingly dictated not only by morphologic clues, but also by accompanying molecular genetic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the heterogenous molecular underpinnings of GIST, including implications for the practicing pathologist with regard to morphologic identification, immunohistochemical diagnosis, and clinical management.
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Meta-analysis of prognostic role of Ki-67 labeling index in gastric carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e447-e453. [PMID: 28561880 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the prognostic role of the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The current study included 3,615 GC patients in 20 eligible studies, and evaluated the prognostic role of Ki-67 LI in GC. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on depth of invasion and cutoff value for high Ki-67 LI. RESULTS A high Ki-67 LI correlated significantly with worse survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.214, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004-1.468). However, there was no significant correlation between high Ki-67 LI and worse survival in advanced GC (HR = 1.252, 95% CI, 0.801-1.956). The subgroup with cutoff value ≤25% showed a significant correlation with worse survival, but this was not seen in the subgroup with cutoff >25% (HR = 1.433, 95% CI, 1.094-1.876 vs. HR = 1.005, 95% CI, 0.801-1.262). In addition, in the 10% <Ki-67 LI ≤ 20% range, there was a significant correlation between high Ki-67 LI and worse overall survival (HR = 1.931, 95% CI, 1.013-3.310). CONCLUSIONS A high Ki-67 LI correlated significantly with a worse prognosis in GC patients. Further cumulative studies for the optimal cutoff value for high Ki-67 LI are needed before application in clinical practice.
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Zhou Y, Hu W, Chen P, Abe M, Shi L, Tan SY, Li Y, Zong L. Ki67 is a biological marker of malignant risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7911. [PMID: 28834915 PMCID: PMC5572037 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki67 is a good marker of cell proliferation in a variety of tumors. High ki67 levels are usually associated with poor prognosis. However, the relationship between Ki67 expression and the risk of malignancy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is still poorly defined. The current meta-analysis was initiated to address this issue. METHODS Studies reporting Ki67 expression and the risk of malignancy in GIST were found by searching Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Embase until October 31, 2016. A total of 9 studies involving 982 patients were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effect model. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of Ki67 overexpression between the very low NIH group and the low NIH group (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.25-1.76; P = .41, Pheterogeneity = .25). However, the incidence of Ki67 overexpression gradually increased from the low NIH group to the high NIH group (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.80; P = .005, Pheterogeneity = .13) and (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15-0.34; P < .00001, Pheterogeneity = .33). CONCLUSIONS There were more GIST patients with Ki67 overexpression in the intermediate and high NIH groups than in the low NIH group. Ki67 overexpression may be a useful marker of the risk of malignant GIST transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North Campus), Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenqing Hu
- Department of Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Masanobu Abe
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-yuan Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cüre MC, Cüre E, Kalkan Y, Kırbaş A, Tümkaya L, Yılmaz A, Türkyılmaz AK, Şehitoğlu İ, Yüce S. Infliximab Modulates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Balkan Med J 2016. [PMID: 27761277 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.150576.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (Cis) is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs. It is used as chemotherapy for many solid organ malignancies such as brain, neck, male and female urogenital, vesical and pulmonary cancers. Infliximab blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Several studies have reported that infliximab ameliorates cell damage by reducing cytokine levels. AIMS We aimed to investigate whether infliximab has a preventive effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and whether it has a synergistic effect when combined with Cis. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were divided in three groups as follows: Cis group, infliximab + Cis (CIN) group and the control group. Each group comprised 10 animals. Animals in the Cis group received an intraperitoneal single-dose injection of Cis (7 mg/kg). In the CIN group, a single dose of infliximab (7 mg/kg) was administered 72 h prior to the Cis injection. After 72 h, a single dose of Cis (7 mg/kg) was administered. All rats were sacrificed five days after Cis injection. RESULTS TNF-α levels in the Cis group were significantly higher (345.5±40.0 pg/mg protein) than those of the control (278.7±62.1 pg/mg protein, p=0.003) and CIN groups (239.0±64.2 pg/mg protein, p=0.013). The Cis group was found to have high carbonic anhydrase (CA)-II and low carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS-1) levels. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were lower in the CIN group as compared to the Cis group. Total histological damage was greater in the Cis group as compared to the control and CIN groups. CONCLUSION Cis may lead to liver damage by increasing cytokine levels. It may increase oxidative stress-induced tissue damage by increasing carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) enzyme levels and decreasing CPS-1 enzyme levels. Infliximab decreases Cis-induced hepatic damage by blocking TNF-α and it may also protect against liver damage by regulating CPS-1 and CA-II enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Cumhur Cüre
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cüre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Yıldıray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Aynur Kırbaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Yılmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçükali Türkyılmaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Şehitoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Yüce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kumru State Hospital, Rize, Turkey
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15
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Cüre MC, Cüre E, Kalkan Y, Kırbaş A, Tümkaya L, Yılmaz A, Türkyılmaz AK, Şehitoğlu İ, Yüce S. Infliximab Modulates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:504-511. [PMID: 27761277 PMCID: PMC5056652 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.150576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (Cis) is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs. It is used as chemotherapy for many solid organ malignancies such as brain, neck, male and female urogenital, vesical and pulmonary cancers. Infliximab blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Several studies have reported that infliximab ameliorates cell damage by reducing cytokine levels. AIMS We aimed to investigate whether infliximab has a preventive effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and whether it has a synergistic effect when combined with Cis. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were divided in three groups as follows: Cis group, infliximab + Cis (CIN) group and the control group. Each group comprised 10 animals. Animals in the Cis group received an intraperitoneal single-dose injection of Cis (7 mg/kg). In the CIN group, a single dose of infliximab (7 mg/kg) was administered 72 h prior to the Cis injection. After 72 h, a single dose of Cis (7 mg/kg) was administered. All rats were sacrificed five days after Cis injection. RESULTS TNF-α levels in the Cis group were significantly higher (345.5±40.0 pg/mg protein) than those of the control (278.7±62.1 pg/mg protein, p=0.003) and CIN groups (239.0±64.2 pg/mg protein, p=0.013). The Cis group was found to have high carbonic anhydrase (CA)-II and low carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS-1) levels. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were lower in the CIN group as compared to the Cis group. Total histological damage was greater in the Cis group as compared to the control and CIN groups. CONCLUSION Cis may lead to liver damage by increasing cytokine levels. It may increase oxidative stress-induced tissue damage by increasing carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) enzyme levels and decreasing CPS-1 enzyme levels. Infliximab decreases Cis-induced hepatic damage by blocking TNF-α and it may also protect against liver damage by regulating CPS-1 and CA-II enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Cumhur Cüre
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
- Address for Correspondence: Dr. Medine Cumhur Cüre, Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey, Phone: +90 538 930 05 75, e-mail:
| | - Erkan Cüre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Yıldıray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Aynur Kırbaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Yılmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçükali Türkyılmaz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Şehitoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Yüce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kumru State Hospital, Rize, Turkey
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Ki-67 Labeling Index can be used as a Prognostic Marker in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2016; 31:e204-10. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) through a systematic review, meta-analysis and diagnostic test accuracy review. Method The study included 1,967 GIST cases from 24 eligible studies. We investigated the correlation between high Ki-67 LI and survival and the proper criteria for high Ki-67 LI. In addition, a diagnostic test accuracy review was conducted to evaluate the predictive role of high Ki-67 LI for higher risk of tumor recurrence. Results A high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 3.658, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.687-4.979, p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR 3.730, 95% CI 2.819-4.936, p<0.001). With regard to DFS and OS, the subgroup with a cutoff value of >4% for high Ki-67 LI had a higher HR than the subgroup with a ≤4% cutoff. In the diagnostic test accuracy review, a high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with higher risk of tumor recurrence (pooled sensitivity = 0.44, pooled specificity = 0.87, area under the curve on the summary receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.656). Conclusions Our results showed that a high Ki-67 LI was significantly correlated with worse prognosis and higher risk of tumor recurrence in GIST. Further prospective studies of the prognostic role of Ki-67 LI are necessary prior to application in clinical practice.
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17
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Klieser E, Pichelstorfer M, Weyland D, Kemmerling R, Swierczynski S, Dinnewitzer A, Jäger T, Kiesslich T, Neureiter D, Illig R. Back to the start: Evaluation of prognostic markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:763-773. [PMID: 27123276 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a standardized risk stratification model for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) based on tumor localization, tumor size, involved lymph nodes and metastases, as well as mitotic activity and other morphological and molecular markers, in order to improve the risk evaluation scheme for recurrence, metastatic spread and survival for patients with GIST. A total of 201 cases of patients with GIST were investigated according to standardized morphological markers, including nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, mucosal infiltration, ulceration, skeinoid fibers and growth pattern. In addition, all cases were immunohistochemically analyzed using a tissue microarray platform for various markers of differentiation (CD34, CD44, CD117, desmin, discovered on GIST 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, S-100 and smooth muscle actin) and proliferation (B-cell lymphoma 2, P16, P53, phosphohistone H3 and Ki-67). These findings were correlated by uni- and multivariable analyses with clinicopathological characteristics, including recurrence, metastasis and survival. The general clinicopathological parameters of this GIST specimen cohort were comparable to previous studies. While several parameters exhibited clear associations to each other and to the defined clinical endpoints, the multivariate analysis reduced the number of relevant prognostic variables to localization, margin status, growth pattern and hematoxylin and eosin-based mitosis/Ki-67-based proliferation of GISTs. With the exception of CD34, none of the applied markers of differentiation and proliferation were found to be independent prognostic markers in GIST and the classical risk factors of GIST remain important prognostic factors. Additionally, growth pattern may predict the risk of recurrence and metastasis in GIST patients. Additional independent molecular prognostic markers remain to be identified and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pichelstorfer
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Bio- and Environmental Technology Program, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Denis Weyland
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Bio- and Environmental Technology Program, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Ralf Kemmerling
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Swierczynski
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adam Dinnewitzer
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tarkan Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Romana Illig
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Zhou Y, Mokhtari RB, Pan J, Cutz E, Yeger H. Carbonic anhydrase II mediates malignant behavior of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:183-92. [PMID: 25019941 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0054oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal lung, the predominant cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme (CAII) is highly expressed in amine- and peptide-producing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells where its role involves CO2 sensing. Here, we report robust cytoplasmic expression of CAII by immunohistochemistry in the tumor cells of different native neuroendocrine tumor (NET) types, including typical and atypical carcinoids and small-cell lung carcinomas, and in NET and non-NET tumor cell lines. Because, in both pulmonary neuroendocrine cell and related NETs, the hypercapnia-induced secretion of bioactive serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is mediated by CAII, we investigated the role of CAII in the biological behavior of carcinoid cell line H727 and the type II cell-derived A549 using both in vitro clonogenicity and in vivo xenograft model. We show that short hairpin RNA-mediated down-regulation of CAII resulted in significant reduction in clonogenicity of H727 and A549 cells in vitro, and marked suppression of tumor growth in vivo. CAII-short hairpin RNA cell-derived xenografts showed significantly reduced mitosis (phosphohistone H3 marker) and proliferation associated antigen Ki-67 (Ki67 marker), and significantly increased apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Using an apoptosis gene array, we found no association with caspases 3 and 8, but with a novel association of CAII-mediated apoptosis with specific mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins. Furthermore, these xenografts showed a significantly reduced vascularization (CD31 marker). Thus, CAII may play a critical role in NET lung tumor growth, angiogenesis, and survival, possibly via 5-hydroxytryptamine, known to drive autocrine tumor growth. As such, CAII is a potential therapeutic target for the difficult-to-treat lung NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Zhou
- 1 Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, and
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Prognostic value of Rab27B nuclear expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:942181. [PMID: 25382899 PMCID: PMC4213986 DOI: 10.1155/2014/942181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rab proteins of the endocytosis and exocytosis pathways both play critical roles in cancer progression, and Rab27B has a significant relationship with several types of human cancer. However, the association between Rab27B expression and clinical features to determine its clinicopathological significance in gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) has not been investigated. To examine the expression of Rab27B in GIST and investigate the association between its expression and patient prognosis, immunohistochemistry analysis with tissue microarray was used to evaluate expression of Rab27B in 162 patients with GIST. The relationship between Rab27B expression and patient prognosis was analyzed. High nuclear staining of Rab27B was detected in 88 of 162 (54.32%) GIST tissues. Positive staining of Rab27B was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.006), mitotic index (P = 0.013), Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Miettinen risk classification (P = 0.002), and tumor grade (P = 0.021). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that GIST patients with low Rab27B nuclear expression (P = 0.038) and mitotic index <5 per 50 high-power fields (P = 0.029) had a more favorable prognosis. These findings indicate that Rab27B nuclear expression is correlated with several clinicopathological features of GIST patients, and it may serve as an unfavorable prognostic marker.
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Cure E, Kirbas A, Tumkaya L, Cure MC, Sahin OZ, Kalkan Y, Yuce S, Altuner D. Effect of infliximab against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Saudi Med J 2014; 35:953-8. [PMID: 25228176 PMCID: PMC4362156 DOI: pmid/25228176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether infliximab (Ib), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prevents cisplatin (Cis)-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS The study was performed in the Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey, between November 2012 and May 2013. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, a control group, a Cis group, and a Cis+Ib group. The animals of the Cis group were injected with a single dose (7 mg/kg) of Cis intraperitoneally. The animals of the Cis+Ib group were injected with a single dose (7 mg/kg) of Ib 72 hours prior to Cis injection. RESULTS The TNF-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels of the Cis group were higher than both the control group TNF-α (p<0.001), IL-1α (p<0.001), NO (p<0.001) and ADA (p<0.001), and the Cis+Ib group TNF-α (p<0.001), IL-1b (p<0.001), NO (p<0.001), and ADA (p=0.003). Histopathological examination revealed extensive damage in the Cis group, while the damage in the Cis+Ib group was lower. While the carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) level of the Cis group was lower than both groups, it was similar in the Cis+Ib and the control groups. CONCLUSION Infliximab acts against Cis-induced nephrotoxicity by a strong inhibition of TNF-α. Additionally, the combination of these 2 drugs does not obviously change the level of CA-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey. Tel. +90 (464) 2130491 Ext. 1859. Fax. +90 (464) 2170364. E-mail.
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Peker K, Sayar I, Gelincik İ, Bulut G, Ünal TDK, Şenol S, Gökçe A, Isik A. The diagnostic importance of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and nestin in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:674-80. [PMID: 24755685 PMCID: PMC4005864 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and nestin immunomarkers, C-kit proto-oncogene (CD117), and the efficiency of the Ki-67 proliferation index for gastrointestinal stromal tumors were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted by examining the microscope slides of 72 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors that were sent to the pathology laboratory between 2007 and 2012. Immunohistochemical staining for CD117, MMP-7, nestin, and marker of proliferation Ki-67 was performed. The correlations between the positive results for Ki-67, CD117, MMP-7, and nestin were evaluated relative to the tumor characteristics of size, localization, grade, cellular type, cellularity, cytology type, growth pattern, ulceration, necrosis, hemorrhage, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS The tumor was localized in the stomach in 42 of the patients, the intestines in 19, the colon in 7, and the rectum in 4. Comparisons among the groups showed that MMP-7 was correlated with the tumor grade (p<0.001), cellularity (p<0.009), cytologic atypia (p<0.001), ulceration (p=0.002), necrosis (p<0.001), and tumor size (p=0.001). Nestin was correlated with the tumor grade (p=0.013), and tumor size (p=0.024). Correlations among CD117, MMP-7, nestin, and Ki-67 were examined. Nestin and Ki-67 were both significantly correlated with CD117 and MMP-7 [(r=0.279, p=0.018), (r=0.322, p=0.006), (r=0.386, p=0.001), (r=0.386, p=0.002)], respectively. CONCLUSIONS MMP-7 and nestin may be beneficial as markers, given their sensitivity to gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Peker
- Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Sayar
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Gelincik
- Department of Pathology, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Gülay Bulut
- Department of Pathology, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Şenol
- Department of Pathology, Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gökçe
- Department of Pathology, Dişkapi Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arda Isik
- Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Diagnosing a gastric submucosal tumor using jumbo biopsy "unroofing" technique: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Oncol Med 2013; 2013:414518. [PMID: 24349809 PMCID: PMC3848048 DOI: 10.1155/2013/414518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 40-year-old female who presented with dyspeptic symptoms for six months. Upper GI endoscopy revealed a submucosal nodule in gastric antrum. Using “jumbo biopsy unroofing technique” we were able to get adequate tissue for analysis. Histopathology revealed a type III gastric carcinoid. Patient was treated with laparoscopic distal subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and partial omentectomy. Although there was no evidence of metastasis on initial presentation, eighteen months later, patient was found to have multiple metastatic lesions in her liver. Patient's lesions were treated with intra-arterial (hepatic artery) Yttrium-90.
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