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Yu Q, Zhang Y, Ni J, Shen Y, Hu W. Identification and analysis of significant genes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma transformation: Bioinformatics analysis and machine learning approach. Mol Immunol 2024; 174:18-31. [PMID: 39142007 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been an increasingly significant contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the progression from NASH to HCC is critical to early diagnosis and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS 5 significant prognostic genes related to NASH-HCC transformation were identified through algorithm selection, which were ME1, TP53I3, SOCS2, GADD45G and CYP7A1. A diagnostic model for NASH prediction was established (AUC=0.988). TP53I3 and SOCS2 were selected as potential critical genes in the progression of NASH-HCC by external dataset validation and in vitro experiments on NASH and HCC cell lines. Immune infiltration analysis illustrated the correlation between 5 significant prognostic genes and immune cells. Single-cell analysis identified hepatocytes related to NASH-HCC transformation markers, revealing their promoting role in the transformation from NASH to HCC. CONCLUSION With bulk-seq analysis and single-cell analysis, 5 significant prognostic genes related to NASH-HCC transformation were identified and validated at both dataset and in vitro experiment level. Among them, TP53I3 and SOCS2 might be potential critical genes in NASH-HCC progression. Single-cell analysis identified and revealed the critical role that NASH-HCC related hepatocytes play in NASH-HCC tansformation. Our research may introduce a new perspective to the diagnosis, treatment of NASH-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Yu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Saito T, Tsuchishima M, Tsutsumi M, George J. Molecular pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18491. [PMID: 38894579 PMCID: PMC11187936 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by intense deposition of fat globules in the hepatic parenchyma that could potentially progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we evaluated a rat model to study the molecular pathogenesis of the spectrum of MASLD and to screen therapeutic agents. SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were fed a high-fat and cholesterol (HFC) diet for a period of 12 weeks and evaluated for the development of steatosis (MASLD), steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. A group of animals were sacrificed at the end of the 4th, 6th, 8th and 12th weeks from the beginning of the experiment, along with the control rats that received normal diet. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for α-SMA and Collagen Type I. Histopathological examinations demonstrated steatosis at the 4th week, steatohepatitis with progressive fibrosis at the 6th week, advanced fibrosis with bridging at the 8th week and cirrhosis at the 12th week. Biochemical markers and staining for α-SMA and Collagen Type I demonstrated the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis in a stepwise manner. Control animals fed a normal diet did not show any biochemical or histopathological alterations. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the HFC diet-induced model of steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis is a feasible, quick and appropriate animal model to study the molecular pathogenesis of the spectrum of MASLD and to screen potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Saito
- Department of HepatologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of HepatologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Center for Regenerative MedicineKanazawa Medical University HospitalUchinadaIshikawaJapan
| | - Joseph George
- Department of HepatologyKanazawa Medical UniversityUchinadaIshikawaJapan
- Center for Regenerative MedicineKanazawa Medical University HospitalUchinadaIshikawaJapan
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Shen X, Chen M, Zhang J, Lin Y, Gao X, Tu J, Chen K, Zhu A, Xu S. Unveiling the Impact of ApoF Deficiency on Liver and Lipid Metabolism: Insights from Transcriptome-Wide m6A Methylome Analysis in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:347. [PMID: 38540406 PMCID: PMC10970566 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism participates in various physiological processes and has been shown to be connected to the development and progression of multiple diseases, especially metabolic hepatopathy. Apolipoproteins (Apos) act as vectors that combine with lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs). Despite being involved in lipid transportation and metabolism, the critical role of Apos in the maintenance of lipid metabolism has still not been fully revealed. This study sought to clarify variations related to m6A methylome in ApoF gene knockout mice with disordered lipid metabolism based on the bioinformatics method of transcriptome-wide m6A methylome epitranscriptomics. High-throughput methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was conducted in both wild-type (WT) and ApoF knockout (KO) mice. As a result, the liver histopathology presented vacuolization and steatosis, and the serum biochemical assays reported abnormal lipid content in KO mice. The m6A-modified mRNAs were conformed consensus sequenced in eukaryotes, and the distribution was enriched within the coding sequences and 3' non-coding regions. In KO mice, the functional annotation terms of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included cholesterol, steroid and lipid metabolism, and lipid storage. In the differentially m6A-methylated mRNAs, the functional annotation terms included cholesterol, TG, and long-chain fatty acid metabolic processes; lipid transport; and liver development. The overlapping DEGs and differential m6A-modified mRNAs were also enriched in terms of lipid metabolism disorder. In conclusion, transcriptome-wide MeRIP sequencing in ApoF KO mice demonstrated the role of this crucial apolipoprotein in liver health and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (M.C.); (J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (M.C.); (J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Yifan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinyue Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Jionghong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (M.C.); (J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (M.C.); (J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (M.C.); (J.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Shanghua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, China; (X.S.); (Y.L.); (X.G.)
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Yamagata M, Tsuchishima M, Saito T, Tsutsumi M, George J. Therapeutic implication of human placental extract to prevent liver cirrhosis in rats with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:327-349. [PMID: 38381799 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is always accompanied with hepatic fibrosis that could potentially progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Employing a rat model, we evaluated the role of human placental extract (HPE) to arrest the progression of hepatic fibrosis to cirrhosis in patients with MASH. SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and evaluated for the development of steatosis. The animals were divided into control and treated groups and received either saline or HPE (3.6 ml/kg body weight) subcutaneously thrice a week. A set of animals were killed at the end of 6th, 8th, and 12th weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione content were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), collagen type I, and type III. Control rats depicted progression of liver fibrosis at 6 weeks, advanced fibrosis and bridging at 8 weeks, and cirrhosis at 12 weeks, which were significantly decreased in HPE-treated animals. Treatment with HPE maintained normal levels of MDA and glutathione in the liver. There was marked decrease in the staining intensity of α-SMA, 4-HNE, and collagen type I and type III in HPE treated rats compared with control animals. The results of the present study indicated that HPE treatment mediates immunotropic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant responses and attenuates hepatic fibrosis and early cirrhosis. HPE depicts therapeutic potential to arrest the progression of MASH towards cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Yamagata
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchishima
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Joseph George
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Chang W, Wang J, You Y, Wang H, Xu S, Vulcano S, Xu C, Shen C, Li Z, Wang J. Triptolide Reduces Neoplastic Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Downregulating the Lipid Lipase Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:550. [PMID: 38339301 PMCID: PMC10854634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world, presents a significant medical challenge. Triptolide (TP) has been identified as an effective therapeutic drug for HCC. However, its precise therapeutic mechanism is still unknown. Understanding the mechanism of action of TP against HCC is crucial for its implementation in the field of HCC treatment. We hypothesize that the anti-HCC actions of TP might be related to its modulation of HCC lipid metabolism given the crucial role that lipid metabolism plays in promoting the progression of HCC. In this work, we first demonstrate that, both in vitro and in vivo, TP significantly reduces lipid accumulation in HCC cells. Additionally, we notice that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression is markedly upregulated in HCC, and that its levels are positively connected with the disease's progression. It is interesting to note that TP dramatically reduces LPL activity, which in turn prevents HCC growth and reduces lipid accumulation. Additionally, the effect of TP on LPL is a direct correlation. These results definitely demonstrate that TP protects hepatocytes against abnormal accumulation of lipids by transcriptionally suppressing LPL, which reduces the development of HCC. This newly identified pathway provides insight into the process through which TP exerts its anti-HCC actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (J.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuanqi You
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Hongqian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (J.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Shendong Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Stephen Vulcano
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Changlu Xu
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chenlin Shen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Zhi Li
- Division of Oral and Systemic Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
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Li Q, Tan G, Wu F. The functions and roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129889. [PMID: 37457025 PMCID: PMC10339807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C2H2 zinc finger (C2H2-ZF) proteins are the majority group of human transcription factors and they have many different molecular functions through different combinations of zinc finger domains. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and the main reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. More and more findings support the abnormal expression of C2H2-ZF protein in the onset and progression of HCC. The C2H2-ZF proteins are involved in various biological functions in HCC, such as EMT, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation and growth, apoptosis, and genomic integrity. The study of anti-tumor drug resistance also highlights the pivotal roles of C2H2-ZF proteins at the intersection of biological functions (EMT, stemness maintenance, autophagy)and chemoresistance in HCC. The involvement of C2H2-ZF protein found recently in regulating different molecules, signal pathways and pathophysiological activities indicate these proteins as the possible therapeutic targets, and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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Mass Sanchez PB, Krizanac M, Weiskirchen R, Asimakopoulos A. Understanding the Role of Perilipin 5 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Novel Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5284. [PMID: 34067931 PMCID: PMC8156377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of high-calorie foods, such as diets rich in fats, is an important factor leading to the development of steatohepatitis. Several studies have suggested how lipid accumulation creates a lipotoxic microenvironment for cells, leading cells to deregulate their transcriptional and translational activity. This deregulation induces the development of liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subsequently also the appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is one of the deadliest types of cancers worldwide. Understanding its pathology and studying new biomarkers with better specificity in predicting disease prognosis can help in the personalized treatment of the disease. In this setting, understanding the link between NAFLD and HCC progression, the differentiation of each stage in between as well as the mechanisms underlying this process, are vital for development of new treatments and in exploring new therapeutic targets. Perilipins are a family of five closely related proteins expressed on the surface of lipid droplets (LD) in several tissues acting in several pathways involved in lipid metabolism. Recent studies have shown that Plin5 depletion acts protectively in the pathogenesis of liver injury underpinning the importance of pathways associated with PLIN5. PLIN5 expression is involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation and mitochondrial damage, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, making it critical target of the NAFLD-HCC studies. The aim of this review is to dissect the recent findings and functions of PLIN5 in lipid metabolism, metabolic disorders, and NAFLD as well as the progression of NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.B.M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.B.M.S.); (M.K.)
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Hupa-Breier KL, Dywicki J, Hartleben B, Wellhöner F, Heidrich B, Taubert R, Mederacke YSE, Lieber M, Iordanidis K, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Jaeckel E. Dulaglutide Alone and in Combination with Empagliflozin Attenuate Inflammatory Pathways and Microbiome Dysbiosis in a Non-Diabetic Mouse Model of NASH. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040353. [PMID: 33808404 PMCID: PMC8066839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as it activates proinflammatory and profibrotic processes. Beneficial effects of antiglycemic treatments such as GLP-1 agonist or SGLT-2 inhibitor on NASH in patients with diabetes have already been investigated. However, their effect on NASH in a non-diabetic setting remains unclear. With this aim, we investigated the effect of long-acting GLP1-agonist dulaglutide and SGLT-2 inhibitor empagliflozin and their combination in a non-diabetic mouse model of NASH. C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat-high-fructose (HFHC) diet with a surplus of cholesterol for 16 weeks. After 12 weeks of diet, mice were treated with either dulaglutide, empagliflozin or their combination. Dulaglutide alone and in combination with empagliflozin led to significant weight loss, improved glucose homeostasis and diminished anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic pathways. Combination of dulaglutide and empagliflozin further decreased MoMFLy6CHigh and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. No beneficial effects for treatment with empagliflozin alone could be shown. While no effect of dulaglutide or its combination with empaglifozin on hepatic steatosis was evident, these data demonstrate distinct anti-inflammatory effects of dulaglutide and their combination with empagliflozin in a non-diabetic background, which could have important implications for further treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Luise Hupa-Breier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-511-532-6992
| | - Janine Dywicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Freya Wellhöner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Benjamin Heidrich
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Young-Seon Elisabeth Mederacke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Maren Lieber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Konstantinos Iordanidis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.D.); (F.W.); (B.H.); (R.T.); (Y.S.M.); (M.L.); (K.I.); (M.P.M.); (H.W.); (M.H.-W.); (E.J.)
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9
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Mohammed ED, Zhang Z, Tian W, Gangarapu V, Al-Gendy AA, Chen J, Wei J, Sun B. Modulation of IR as a therapeutic target to prevent NASH using NRF from Diceratella elliptica (DC.) jonsell. Strong Nrf2 and leptin inducer as well as NF-kB inhibitor. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153388. [PMID: 33113501 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and lipotoxicity were evidenced as the major nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) initiators. However, absence of the effective treatment against NASH progression raised our aim to discover a new promising insulin modulator and NSH preventer. PURPOSE Our study aimed to extract and prepare a nitriles rich fraction (NRF) from Diceratella elliptica (DC.) Jonsell, investigate its insulin-sensitizing & anti-NASH potentialities and address its molecular targets in IR-NASH pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN NRF was prepared using natural autolysis method and compounds were identified. Then, seventy male Wistar rats were feed high fat diet (HFD) or normal pellets for 35 days. In day 14th, HFD rats were injected by Streptozotocin (STZ) once and treatment was started in day 21st with either NRF (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg; orally) or pioglitazone (PioG) (10 mg/kg; i.p) beside HFD. While, NRF-alone rats were treated with NRF (120 mg/kg; orally) beside the normal pellets. Body weight, glucose homeostasis, hepatopathological examinations were performed. METHODS Gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GLC/MS) was used for compounds' identification while spectrophotometer was used for total glucosinolates (GLS) quantification. Also, the biochemical and molecular investigations concerned with liver lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin signaling pathway were investigated and confirmed with the computational prediction of the major compounds' targets. RESULTS Butenyl and benzyl GLS were the major along with other volatile compounds. NRF had significantly increased the insulin sensitivity and improved NASH-hisptopathology showing hepatoprotective effect. While, the fraction's anti-NASH potentiality was evidenced in the normalized hepatic steatosis markers, inflammation and oxidative stress key transcriptional factors resulting in induction of insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) phosphorylation and its downstream effectors. CONCLUSION NRF has reversed IR, stimulated leptin secretion and prevented NASH initiation showing promising anti-NASH and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman D Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Pharmacy Collage of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China; Natural Products Unit, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wenfang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Venkatanarayana Gangarapu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - A A Al-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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10
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Schultz Moreira AR, Rüschenbaum S, Schefczyk S, Hendgen-Cotta U, Rassaf T, Broering R, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Buitrago-Molina LE. 9-PAHSA Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases the Viability of Steatotic Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218279. [PMID: 33167328 PMCID: PMC7663845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is quickly becoming the most common liver disease worldwide. Within the NAFLD spectrum, patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at the highest risk of developing cirrhosis and disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, therapeutic options for NASH patients have been ineffective, and therefore, new options are urgently needed. Hence, a model system to develop new therapeutic interventions is needed. Here, we introduce two new in vitro models of steatosis induction in HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes. We used a recently discovered novel class of bioactive anti-inflammatory lipids called branched fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids. Among these bioactive lipids, palmitic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-PAHSA) is the most promising as a representative nondrug therapy based on dietary supplements or nutritional modifications. In this study, we show a therapeutic effect of 9-PAHSA on lipotoxicity in steatotic primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. This could be shown be increased viability and decreased steatosis. Furthermore, we could demonstrate a preventive effect in HepG2 cells. The outcome of 9-PAHSA administration is both preventative and therapeutically effective for hepatocytes with limited damage. In conclusion, bioactive lipids like 9-PAHSA offer new hope for prevention or treatment in patients with fatty liver and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R. Schultz Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Sabrina Rüschenbaum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Ulrike Hendgen-Cotta
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.H.-C.); (T.R.)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.H.-C.); (T.R.)
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Mohammed ED, Abdel-Naim AB, Kangpeng J, Jiang R, Wei J, Sun B. The mother relationship between insulin resistance and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Glucosinolates hydrolysis products as a promising insulin resistance-modulator and fatty liver-preventer. Life Sci 2020; 264:118615. [PMID: 33096115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFLD) is one of the present public health problems which have no specific and effective treatment. The speed of the disease progression depends on the patient's lifestyle. Due to life stresses and lack of time, a high number of people depend on fast food containing a high amount of fats which one of the main causes of insulin resistance (IR). IR is one of the metabolic disorders which strongly intersected with molecular NAFLD and leading to its progression into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we introduced the updated statistics of NAFLD and NASH progression all over the world shows its importance, etiologies, and pathogenesis. Also, IR and its role in NASH initiation and progression explored, and current treatments with its limitations have been explained. Glucosinolates (GLS) is a group of phytochemicals which known by its potent hydrolysis products with promising anti-cancer effect. In this review, we have collected the recent experimental studies of different GLS hydrolysis products against IR and chronic liver diseases supported by our lab finding. Finally, we recommend this group of phytochemicals as promising molecules to be studied experimentally and clinically against a wide range of chronic liver diseases with an acceptable safety margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman D Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Pharmacy Collage of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Natural Products Unit, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Kangpeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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12
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Petta S, Longo M, Alisi A, Soardo G, Valenti L, Miele L, Grimaudo S, Pennisi G, Antonio G, Consonni D, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Neurotensin up-regulation is associated with advanced fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with MAFLD. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158765. [PMID: 32663609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neurotensin (NTS), a 13-aminoacid peptide localized in central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, is involved in lipid metabolism and promotes various cancers onset mainly by binding to neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1). Increased plasma levels of pro-NTS, the stable NTS precursor, have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We aimed to evaluate 1) the impact of NTS rs1800832 and NTSR1 rs6090453 genetic variants on liver damage in 1166 MAFLD European individuals, 2) the relation between NTS variant and circulating pro-NTS and 3) the hepatic NTS expression by RNAseq transcriptomic analysis in 125 bariatric patients. RESULTS The NTS rs1800832 G allele was associated with hepatic fibrosis (OR 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI). 1.02-1.58; p = 0.03), even more in carriers of both NTS and NTSR1 G risk alleles (OR 1.17, 95% CI. 1.03-1.34; p = 0.01), with cirrhosis (OR 1.58, 95% CI. 1.07-2.34; p = 0.02) and HCC (OR 1.98, 95% CI. 1.24-3.2; p = 0.004). Pro-NTS circulating levels were correlated with T2D (p = 0.005), BMI, (p = 0.04), age (p = 0.0016), lobular inflammation (p = 0.0025), fibrosis>2 (p < 0.0001), cirrhosis (p = 0.0009) and HCC (p < 0.0001) and more so after stratification for the NTS G allele. Transcriptomic data showed that hepatic NTS expression correlated with that of fibrogenic genes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS NTS rs1800832 variant is associated with advanced fibrosis and HCC in MAFLD patients likely affecting NTS protein activity. The rs6090453 NTSR1 gene variant synergizes with NTS rs1800832 mutation to promote liver damage. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm NTS role in liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Departments of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soardo
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine and Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg Q AREA Science Park - Basovizza Campus, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Pad Marangoni, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Grieco Antonio
- Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Departments of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Rao BC, Lou JM, Wang WJ, Li A, Cui GY, Yu ZJ, Ren ZG. Human microbiome is a diagnostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:109-115. [PMID: 32037278 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates a close relationship between HCC and the human microbiota. Herein, we reviewed the important potential of the human microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker of HCC. DATA SOURCES Several innovative studies have investigated the characteristics of the gut and oral microbiomes in patients with HCC and proposed that the human microbiome has the potential to be a diagnostic biomarker of HCC. Literature from February 1999 to February 2019 was searched in the PubMed database using the keywords "microbiota" or "microbiome" or "microbe" and "liver cancer" or "hepatocellular carcinoma", and the results of clinical and experimental studies were analyzed. RESULTS Specific changes occur in the human microbiome of patients with HCC. Moreover, the gut microbiome and oral microbiome can be used as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. Furthermore, they also have certain diagnostic potential for precancerous diseases of HCC. The diagnostic potential of the blood microbiota and ascites microbiota in HCC will be gradually discovered in the future. CONCLUSIONS The human microbiome is valuable to the diagnosis of HCC and provides a novel strategy for targeted therapy of HCC. The human microbiome may be widely used in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for multiple system diseases or cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Chen Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jia-Min Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guang-Ying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Gene Hospital of Henan Province; Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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14
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Wu Z, Ma H, Wang L, Song X, Zhang J, Liu W, Ge Y, Sun Y, Yu X, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li C, Li N, Gao L, Liang X, Yue X, Ma C. Tumor suppressor ZHX2 inhibits NAFLD-HCC progression via blocking LPL-mediated lipid uptake. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1693-1708. [PMID: 31740790 PMCID: PMC7206072 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the tumor suppressor Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. ZHX2 expression was significantly decreased in fatty liver tissues, especially in the liver with NAFLD–HCC. ZHX2 overexpression disturbed lipid homeostasis of cultured HCC cells, and inhibited lipid deposition in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ZHX2 inhibited uptake of exogenous lipids through transcriptional suppression of lipid lipase (LPL), leading to retarded proliferation of HCC cells. Importantly, LPL overexpression significantly reversed ZHX2-mediated inhibition of HCC cell proliferation, xenograft tumor growth, lipid deposition, and spontaneous liver tumor formation. Consistently, IHC staining demonstrated a negative correlation of ZHX2 with LPL in an HCC cohort. Collectively, ZHX2 protects hepatocytes from abnormal lipid deposition in NAFLD through transcriptional repression of LPL, which subsequently retards cell growth and NAFLD–HCC progression. These findings illustrate a novel mechanism of NAFLD progression into HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Hongxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.,Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yutong Ge
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiangguo Yu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Nailin Li
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Group, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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15
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Liu Y, Li H, Ye N, Luo CJ, Hu YY, Wu H, Gong JP. Non-Cirrhotic Liver is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6615-6623. [PMID: 31479436 PMCID: PMC6752105 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequently reported malignancy, and it is also the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although most HCC cases have been reported to develop from cirrhosis, accumulating data suggest that HCC is also closely related to non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease. Traditionally, HCC was thought to develop mostly from cirrhosis; however, an increasing number of reports have found that HCC can develop directly from inflammation without cirrhosis. The incidence of HCC in non-cirrhotic liver (HCC-NCL) is high, especially in developed countries. Studies have found that the most common cause of HCC-NCL is neglected fatty liver disease. This type of HCC has unique clinical characteristics and is closely related to metabolic disorders. Unfortunately, the prevention of HCC-NCL has not received enough attention worldwide, and there is also a lack of specific screening methods and clinical guidelines. This article mainly reviews the etiology, incidence, clinical characteristics, and screening markers of HCC-NCL to improve the understanding and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Nan Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongyang People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Jun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Yu Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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16
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Frenette CT, Isaacson AJ, Bargellini I, Saab S, Singal AG. A Practical Guideline for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Patients at Risk. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2019; 3:302-310. [PMID: 31485568 PMCID: PMC6713857 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in the context of cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, and the diagnosis is often made at advanced stages. Because early-stage diagnosis improves survival, guidelines recommend screening patients at risk for HCC, such as patients with cirrhosis. However, adherence to screening programs is suboptimal. In this review, we discuss the value of HCC screening and provide practical guidance on patient selection and screening methods. International guidelines concordantly recommend HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis, including patients with HBV infections, hepatitis C virus infections with or without sustained virologic response, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. There is no consensus on screening patients without cirrhosis, although patients with advanced fibrosis, HBV infections, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without cirrhosis have an increased risk for development of HCC. Screening for HCC improves early tumor detection, receipt of curative treatment, and overall survival in at-risk patients. However, potential harms of HCC screening have not been well quantified. Semiannual abdominal ultrasonography is the screening modality of choice. Using ultrasonography in combination with biomarkers, such as α-fetoprotein, may increase accuracy for early HCC detection. The use of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography is limited by cost-effectiveness and practical considerations. Increased awareness of HCC screening will allow for earlier diagnosis and potentially curative treatment. We propose a comprehensive screening algorithm for patients at risk for development of HCC, recommending lifelong, semiannual ultrasonography combined with α-fetoprotein testing in patients with cirrhosis and selected patients without cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- CT, computed tomography
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SVR, sustained viral response
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari J. Isaacson
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Irene Bargellini
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
| | - Sammy Saab
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Pfleger Liver Institute & General Surgery Suite, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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17
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Zappavigna S, Vanacore D, Lama S, Potenza N, Russo A, Ferranti P, Dallio M, Federico A, Loguercio C, Sperlongano P, Caraglia M, Stiuso P. Silybin-Induced Apoptosis Occurs in Parallel to the Increase of Ceramides Synthesis and miRNAs Secretion in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092190. [PMID: 31058823 PMCID: PMC6539179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin is a flavonolignan extracted from Silybum marianum (milk thistle) with hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. Several studies have shown that silybin is highly effective to prevent and treat different types of cancer and that its antitumor mechanisms involve the arrest of the cell cycle and/or apoptosis. An MTT assay was performed to study cell viability, lipid peroxidation, extracellular NO production, and scavenger enzyme activity were studied by Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Species (TBARS) assay, NO assay, and MnSOD assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed by FACS. miRNA profiling were evaluated by real time PCR. In this study, we demonstrated that Silybin induced growth inhibition blocking the Hepg2 cells in G1 phase of cell cycle and activating the process of programmed cell death. Moreover, the antiproliferative effects of silybin were paralleled by a strong increase of the number of ceramides involved in the modulation of miRNA secretion. In particular, after treatment with silybin, miR223-3p and miR16-5p were upregulated, while miR-92-3p was downregulated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that silybin-Induced apoptosis occurs in parallel to the increase of ceramides synthesis and miRNAs secretion in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Lama
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", viale Lincoln, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", viale Lincoln, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Sperlongano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Ding HR, Wang JL, Ren HZ, Shi XL. Lipometabolism and Glycometabolism in Liver Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1287127. [PMID: 31205932 PMCID: PMC6530156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1287127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the main metabolic organ in the body especially in lipometabolism and glycometabolism. Carbohydrates and fats disorders can result in insulin resistance in the liver. Metabolic imbalance can even lead to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the normal metabolic function of the liver. When the liver is in a pathological state, liver metabolism homeostasis is damaged, and metabolic disorders will further aggravate liver disease. Consequently, it is essential to determine the relationship between liver diseases and metabolic disorders. Here we review a lot of evidence that liver diseases are closely related to lipometabolism and glycometabolism. Although the disorder of the liver metabolism is caused by different liver diseases, the break of metabolic balance is determined by changes in the state of the liver. We discuss the relationship between liver disease and metabolic changes, outline the process of how metabolic changes are regulated by liver diseases, and describe the role which metabolic changes play in the process and prognosis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-ran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-zhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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20
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Ogawa Y, Yoneda M, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A. Present and emerging pharmacotherapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 20:69-82. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1543403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Higuchi T, Moriyama M, Fukushima A, Matsumura H, Matsuoka S, Kanda T, Sugitani M, Tsunemi A, Ueno T, Fukuda N. Association of mRNA expression of iron metabolism-associated genes and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26183-26194. [PMID: 29899851 PMCID: PMC5995254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess iron is associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Results mRNA expression of duodenal cytochrome b, divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin 1, hepcidin, hephaestin and transferrin receptor 1 in liver were higher in high fat, high cholesterol-containing diet (HFCD) group than in normal diet (ND) group. mRNA levels of divalent metal transporter 1 and transferrin receptor 1, which stimulate iron absorption and excretion, were enhanced in small intestine. Epithelial mucosa of small intestine in HFCD group was characterized by plasma cell and eosinophil infiltration and increased vacuoles. Iron absorption was enhanced in this NASH model in the context of chronic inflammation of small intestinal epithelial cells, consequences of intestinal epithelial cell impairment caused by HFCD. Iron is transported to hepatocytes via portal blood, and abnormalities in iron absorption and excretion occur in small intestine from changes in iron transporter expression, which also occurs in NASH liver. Knockdown of hepcidin antimicrobial peptide led to enhanced heavy chain of ferritin expression in human hepatocytes, indicating association between hepcidin production and iron storage in hepatocytes. Conclusions Iron-related transporters in liver and lower/upper portions of small intestine play critical roles in NASH development. Methods Expression of iron metabolism-related genes in liver and small intestine was analyzed in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP), which develop NASH. Five-week-old SHR-SP fed ND or HFCD were examined. mRNA and protein levels of iron metabolism-related genes in liver and small intestine from 12- and 19-week-old rats were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry or Western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akiko Fukushima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsunemi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Emerging metabolic risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma and their influence on the liver microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:607-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Miethe C, Nix H, Martin R, Hernandez AR, Price RS. Silibinin Reduces the Impact of Obesity on Invasive Liver Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1272-1280. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Miethe
- School of Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - H. Nix
- School of Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - R. Martin
- School of Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - A. R. Hernandez
- Medicine Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - R. S. Price
- School of Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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Cholankeril G, Patel R, Khurana S, Satapathy SK. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Current knowledge and implications for management. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:533-543. [PMID: 28469809 PMCID: PMC5395802 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i11.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the prevalence of hepatitis C virus expected to decline, the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is anticipated to increase exponentially due to the growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes. The annual incidence rate of developing HCC in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis is not clearly understood with rates ranging from 2.6%-12.8%. While multiple new mechanisms have been implicated in the development of HCC in NASH; further prospective long-term studies are needed to validate these findings. Recent evidence has shown a significant proportion of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH progress to HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. Liver resection and transplantation represent curative therapeutic options in select NASH-related HCC patients but have placed a significant burden to our healthcare resources and utilization. Currently NASH-related HCC is the fastest growing indication for liver transplant in HCC candidates. Increased efforts to implement effective screening and preventative strategies, particularly in non-cirrhotic NASH patients, are needed to reduce the future impact imposed by NASH-related HCC.
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25
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Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, De Bandt JP, Bergheim I. Oral citrulline supplementation protects female mice from the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2519-2527. [PMID: 27496089 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed as risk factors for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies suggest an association between arginine/citrulline homeostasis and the development of liver damages. Here, the effect of an oral L-citrulline (Cit) supplement on the development of a Western-style diet (WSD)-induced NAFLD was determined in mice. METHODS Female 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a liquid Western-style or control diet (C) ± 2.5 g/kg bodyweight Cit for 6 weeks (C + Cit or WSD + Cit). Indices of liver damage, glucose metabolism, intestinal barrier function and NO synthesis were measured. RESULTS While bodyweight gain was similar between groups, markers of glucose metabolism like fasting blood glucose and HOMA index and markers of liver damage like hepatic triglyceride levels, number of neutrophils and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein levels were significantly lower in WSD + Cit-fed mice when compared to WSD-fed mice only. Protein levels of the tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 in duodenum were significantly lower in mice fed a WSD when compared to those fed a WSD + Cit (-~70 and -~60 %, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas portal endotoxin levels, concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts in duodenum and toll-like receptor-4 mRNA expression in livers of WSD + Cit-fed mice were markedly lower than in WSD-fed mice (-~43 %, P = 0.056; -~80 and -~48 %, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the protective effects of supplementing Cit on the development of NAFLD in mice are associated with a decreased translocation of endotoxin into the portal vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- Nutrition Biology Laboratory EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Clinical Chemistry Department, Paris Centre University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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26
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Gu J, Yao M, Yao D, Wang L, Yang X, Yao D. Nonalcoholic Lipid Accumulation and Hepatocyte Malignant Transformation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2016; 4:123-30. [PMID: 27350942 PMCID: PMC4913080 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is steadily increasing, highlighting its status as a public health concern, particularly due to its significant association with other comorbidities, such as diabetes. However, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a primary risk factor, with its own prevalence increasing in recent years, and it has gradually caught up with the historical primary etiological factors of infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, exposure to aflatoxin, or alcohol liver disease. The deeply worrisome aspects of all of these high risk factors, however, are their remarkable presence within populations. Systemic and genetic mechanisms involved in the malignant transformation of liver cells, as well as useful biomarkers of early stage HCC are being investigated. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the interrelation of NAFLD and HCC remain largely unknown. In this review, some of the recent advances in our understanding of liver lipid accumulation are summarized and discussed to provide insights into the relationship between NAFLD and hepatocyte malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuli Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence to: Professor Dengfu Yao, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China. Tel: +86-513-85052297, Fax: +86-513-85052554, E-mail:
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Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Pandey V, Joseph J, Mohan R, Shetty PK, Bhat MK. Glucose induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by DKK4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27558. [PMID: 27272409 PMCID: PMC4897783 DOI: 10.1038/srep27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated glycemic index, an important feature of diabetes is implicated in an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this association are relatively less explored. Present study investigates the effect of hyperglycemia over HCC proliferation. We observed that high glucose culture condition (HG) specifically activates canonical Wnt signaling in HCC cells, which is mediated by suppression of DKK4 (a Wnt antagonist) expression and enhanced β-catenin level. Functional assays demonstrated that a normoglycemic culture condition (NG) maintains constitutive expression of DKK4, which controls HCC proliferation rate by suppressing canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HG diminishes DKK4 expression leading to loss of check at G0/G1/S phases of the cell cycle thereby enhancing HCC proliferation, in a β-catenin dependent manner. Interestingly, in NOD/SCID mice supplemented with high glucose, HepG2 xenografted tumors grew rapidly in which elevated levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and decreased levels of DKK4 were detected. Knockdown of DKK4 by shRNA promotes proliferation of HCC cells in NG, which is suppressed by treating cells exogenously with recombinant DKK4 protein. Our in vitro and in vivo results indicate an important functional role of DKK4 in glucose facilitated HCC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Snahlata Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Jomon Joseph
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
| | - Rajashekar Mohan
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad-580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, India
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Pevsner-Fischer M, Tuganbaev T, Meijer M, Zhang SH, Zeng ZR, Chen MH, Elinav E. Role of the microbiome in non-gastrointestinal cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 7:200-213. [PMID: 27081642 PMCID: PMC4826965 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
“The forgotten organ”, the human microbiome, comprises a community of microorganisms that colonizes various sites of the human body. Through coevolution of bacteria, archaea and fungi with the human host over thousands of years, a complex host-microbiome relationship emerged in which many functions, including metabolism and immune responses, became codependent. This coupling becomes evident when disruption in the microbiome composition, termed dysbiosis, is mirrored by the development of pathologies in the host. Among the most serious consequences of dysbiosis, is the development of cancer. As many as 20% of total cancers worldwide are caused by a microbial agent. To date, a vast majority of microbiome-cancer studies focus solely on the microbiome of the large intestine and the development of gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we will review the available evidence implicating microbiome involvement in the development and progression of non-gastrointestinal cancers, while distinguishing between viral and bacterial drivers of cancer, as well as “local” and “systemic”, “cancer-stimulating” and “cancer-suppressing” effects of the microbiome. Developing a system-wide approach to cancer-microbiome studies will be crucial in understanding how microbiome influences carcinogenesis, and may enable to employ microbiome-targeting approaches as part of cancer treatment.
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29
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Lu ZY, Cen C, Shao Z, Chen XH, Xu CF, Li YM. Association between serum α-L-fucosidase and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Cross-sectional study. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1884-1890. [PMID: 26855548 PMCID: PMC4724620 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the association between serum α-L-fucosidase (AFU) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
METHODS: A total of 16473 individuals (9456 men and 7017 women) were included in the current study, who presented for a health examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2014. The baseline characteristics of the cohort were compared by NAFLD status. Linear regression analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were applied to assess the risk factors for NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of AFU in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
RESULTS: The prevalence rates of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were 38.0% and 25.4%, respectively. The NAFLD group had significantly higher AFU levels than the non-NAFLD group (28.7 ± 7.9 U/L vs 26.0 ± 7.3 U/L, P < 0.001) and the prevalence rate of NAFLD increased with progressively higher serum AFU levels. AFU was positively correlated with MetS and its five components: central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed that AFU was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (OR = 1.009, 95%CI: 1.003-1.014, P < 0.001). The best cut-off value of AFU for the diagnosis of NAFLD was 27.5 U/L. The area under the curve (diagnostic efficacy index) was 0.606. The sensitivity and specificity were 54.6% and 61.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: AFU level is significantly associated with NAFLD, and elevated AFU level is an independent risk factor for NAFLD.
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Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been widely adopted for use in gene therapy. A new study raises concerns regarding this approach, reporting that chromosomal insertions of AAV serotype 2 seem to activate proto-oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Abstract
NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adults, with its prevalence closely associated with obesity and other features of the metabolic syndrome. As young adults with NAFLD transition from the paediatric care environment to adult services, establishing a coordinated model of transition to ensure ongoing and appropriate care is critical. Enabling a smooth transfer begins with an understanding of the key differences between paediatric and adult NAFLD as well as the psychosocial factors that affect older adolescents. This Review summarizes the literature on paediatric NAFLD from the past two decades with a focus on the differences in epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology and treatment that are relevant to clinicians who transition paediatric patients to adult care. An integrated model, which employs a team of adult and paediatric providers who can address the psychosocial, cognitive and logistical challenges of transition, provides the best opportunity for a seamless and coordinated transfer to adult care.
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Lytle KA, Depner CM, Wong CP, Jump DB. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates Western diet-induced hepatic fibrosis in Ldlr-/- mice by targeting the TGFβ-Smad3 pathway. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1936-46. [PMID: 26315048 PMCID: PMC4583081 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DHA (22:6,ω3), but not EPA (20:5,ω3), attenuates Western diet (WD)-induced hepatic fibrosis in a Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We examined the molecular basis for the differential effect of dietary EPA and DHA on WD-induced hepatic fibrosis. DHA was more effective than EPA at preventing WD-induced effects on hepatic transcripts linked to fibrosis, including collagen 1A1 (Col1A1), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and proteins involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix, including metalloproteases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, and lysyl oxidase subtypes. Examination of the TGFβ pathway showed that mice fed the WD supplemented with either olive oil or EPA had a significant (≥2.5-fold) increase in hepatic nuclear abundance of phospho-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)3 when compared with mice fed the reference diet (RD); Smad3 is a key regulator of Col1A1 expression in stellate cells. In contrast, mice fed the WD supplemented with DHA had no increase in phospho-Smad3 when compared with mice fed the RD. Changes in hepatic phospho-Smad3 nuclear content correlated with proCol1A1 mRNA and protein abundance. Pretreatment of human LX2 stellate cells with DHA, but not other unsaturated fatty acids, blocked TGFβ1-mediated induction of Col1A1. In conclusion, DHA attenuates WD-induced fibrosis by targeting the TGFβ-Smad3-Col1A1 pathway in stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A. Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Christopher M. Depner
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Katsiki N, Doumas M, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Cardiovascular risk across the histological spectrum and the clinical manifestations of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6820-6834. [PMID: 26078558 PMCID: PMC4462722 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i22.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, simple steatosis has a benign clinical course without excess mortality. In contrast, the advanced form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis increases mortality by approximately 70%, due to an increase in CVD mortality by approximately 300%. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be caused by NAFLD/NASH and it substantially increases CVD risk, especially in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, CKD may trigger NAFLD/NASH deterioration in a vicious cycle. NAFLD/NASH is also related to increased arterial stiffness (AS), an independent CVD risk factor that further raises CVD risk. Diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis (mainly by simple non-invasive tests), CKD, and increased AS should be made early in the course of NAFLD and treated appropriately. Lifestyle measures and statin treatment may help resolve NAFLD/NASH and beneficially affect the CVD risk factors mentioned above.
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Pereira K, Salsamendi J, Casillas J. The Global Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Epidemic: What a Radiologist Needs to Know. J Clin Imaging Sci 2015; 5:32. [PMID: 26167390 PMCID: PMC4485197 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.157860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disorders from a benign steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metabolic syndrome, mainly obesity, plays an important role, both as an independent risk factor and in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. With the progressive epidemics of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its associated complications is expected to increase dramatically. Therapeutic strategies for treating NAFLD and metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity, are continuously being refined. Their goal is the prevention of NAFLD by the management of risk factors, prevention of progression of the disease, as well as management of complications, ultimately preventing morbidity and mortality. Optimal management of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome requires a multidisciplinary collaboration between the government as well as the health system including the nutritionist, primary care physician, radiologist, hepatologist, oncologist, and transplant surgeon. An awareness of the clinical presentation, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management is of paramount importance to a radiologist, both from the clinical perspective as well as from the imaging standpoint. With expertise in imaging modalities as well as minimally invasive percutaneous endovascular therapies, radiologists play an essential role in the comprehensive management, which is highlighted in this article, with cases from our practice. We also briefly discuss transarterial embolization of the left gastric artery (LGA), a novel method that promises to have an enormous potential in the minimally invasive management of obesity, with details of a case from our practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Pereira
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jason Salsamendi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Javier Casillas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Body Imaging), Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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