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Cheng R, Wang J, Wu Q, Peng P, Liao G, Luo X, Liang Z, Huang J, Qin M. The Predictive Value of Serum DAO, HDC, and MMP8 for the Gastrointestinal Injury in the Early Stage of Acute Pancreatitis in an Animal Model and a Clinical Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1937-1948. [PMID: 38736673 PMCID: PMC11088402 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s461352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at exploring the use of the acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grade and sensitive biomarkers to investigate gastrointestinal (GI) injury in early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP). Patients and Methods The AGI grade was used to evaluate intestinal function. Any GI injury above grade I (grades II-IV) was considered as severe. An AP rat model was created by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate. The pancreatic and intestinal histopathology scores were calculated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Human and rat sera were assessed using ELISA. Tight junction (TJ) proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results In clinical study, the GI injury rate in mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderate severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) groups was 26.8%, 78.4%, and 94.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Diamine oxidase (DAO), histidine decarboxylase (HDC), and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) serum levels were higher in AP patients than in healthy people (P < 0.05). Patients with GI injury had higher serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 than those without GI injury (P < 0.05). In animal experiments, the serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 were higher in the AP group than in normal and sham-operated (SO) groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of tricellulin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin were significantly lower in the AP group than in normal and SO groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of DAO, HDC, and MMP8 are novel biomarkers of GI injury in the early stage of AP; their elevation indicates the development of GI injury in AP. The intestinal TJ disruption may be a primary mechanism of GI injury and requires more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China
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Wu L, Hu J, Yi X, Lv J, Yao J, Tang W, Zhang S, Wan M. Gut microbiota interacts with inflammatory responses in acute pancreatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231202133. [PMID: 37829561 PMCID: PMC10566291 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231202133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, and its incidence has been increasing for years. Approximately 15-20% of patients develop severe AP (SAP), which is complicated by critical inflammatory injury and intestinal dysfunction. AP-associated inflammation can lead to the gut barrier and function damage, causing dysbacteriosis and facilitating intestinal microbiota migration. Pancreatic exocrine deficiency and decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides in AP can also lead to abnormal growth of intestinal bacteria. Meanwhile, intestinal microbiota migration influences the pancreatic microenvironment and affects the severity of AP, which, in turn, exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. Thus, the interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the inflammatory response may be a key pathogenic feature of SAP. Treating either of these factors or breaking their interaction may offer some benefits for SAP treatment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of interaction of the GM and inflammation in AP and factors that can deteriorate or even cure both, including some traditional Chinese medicine treatments, to provide new methods for studying AP pathogenesis and developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, China
| | - Jianqin Lv
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Laboratory, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, China
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Agarwal S, Goswami P, Poudel S, Gunjan D, Singh N, Yadav R, Kumar U, Pandey G, Saraya A. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by generalized intestinal barrier dysfunction in early stage. Pancreatology 2023; 23:9-17. [PMID: 36509643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of intestinal-barrier in acute pancreatitis(AP) is poorly understood. We aimed to assess structural and functional changes in the intestinal-barrier in patients with early AP (time from onset<2 weeks) and the effect of enteral nutrition on them. METHODS In this prospective observational study, patients with early AP not on enteral nutrition were compared with controls for baseline intestinal-permeability(lactulose: mannitol ratio(L:M)), endotoxinemia(serum IgM/IgG anti-endotoxin antibodies), bacterial-translocation(serum bacterial 16S rRNA) and duodenal epithelial tight-junction structure by immunohistochemistry(IHC) for tight-junction proteins(claudin-2,-3,-4, zonula occludens-1(ZO1), junctional adhesion molecule(JAM) and occludin) and electron microscopy. These parameters were reassessed after 2 weeks enteral feeding in a AP patients subset. RESULTS 96 patients with AP(age: 38.0 ± 14.5 years; etiology: biliary[46.8%]/alcohol[39.6%]; severe:53.2%, mortality:11.4%) and 40 matched controls were recruited. Patients with AP had higher baseline intestinal permeability(median L:M 0.176(IQR 0.073-0.376) vs 0.049(0.024-0.075) in controls; p < 0.001) and more frequent bacteraemia(positive bacterial 16S rRNA in 24/48 AP vs 0/21 controls; p < 0.001) with trend towards higher serum endotoxinemia(median IgG anti-endotoxin 78(51.2-171.6) GMU/ml vs 51.2(26.16-79.2) in controls; p = 0.061). Claudin-2, claudin-3, ZO1 were downregulated in both duodenal crypts and villi while claudin-4 and JAM were downregulated in duodenal villi and crypts respectively. 22 AP patients reassessed after initiation of enteral nutrition showed trend towards improving intestinal permeability, serum endotoxinemia and bacteraemia, with significant improvement in claudin-2,-3 in duodenal villi. CONCLUSION Patients with AP have significant disturbances in intestinal barrier structure and function in first 2 weeks from onset that persist despite institution of enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samagra Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Goswami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Poudel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gunjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anoop Saraya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Vinnik YS, Teplyakova OV, Erguleeva AD. [Etiology and pathogenesis of infected pancreatic necrosis]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2022:90-97. [PMID: 35920228 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202208190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern literature data confirm the central role of intestinal barrier complex not only as a target in acute necrotizing pancreatitis, but also as a trigger for septic complications. Intra-abdominal hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and gut microbiome changes following necrotizing pancreatitis might have an independent impact on acute intestinal distress syndrome and bacterial translocation. Monitoring of these conditions and early target therapy can improve the outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Adverse outcomes of infected pancreatic necrosis including high mortality and morbidity are largely due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Vinnik
- Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O V Teplyakova
- Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A D Erguleeva
- Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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5
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Aplysin Retards Pancreatic Necrosis and Inflammatory Responses in NOD Mice by Stabilizing Intestinal Barriers and Regulating Gut Microbial Composition. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1280130. [PMID: 32801992 PMCID: PMC7416259 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1280130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplysin is a brominated sesquiterpene with an isoprene skeleton and has biological activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of aplysin on spontaneous pancreatic necrosis in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and its potential mechanisms. Results showed that NOD mice at 12 weeks of age showed obvious spontaneous pancreatic necrosis, damaged tight junctions of intestinal epithelia, and widened gaps in tight and adherens junctions. Aplysin intervention was able to alleviate spontaneous pancreatic necrosis in NOD mice, accompanied with decreased serum endotoxin levels and downregulated expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 and its related molecules MyD88, TRAF-6, NF-κB p65, TRIF, TRAM, and IRF-3, as well as protein levels of interleukin-1β and interferon-β in pancreatic tissues. In addition, we observed obvious improvements of intestinal mucosal barrier function and changes of gut microbiota in the relative abundance at the phylum level and the genus level in aplysin-treated mice compared with control mice. Together, these data suggested that aplysin could retard spontaneous pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory responses in NOD mice through the stabilization of intestinal barriers and regulation of gut microbial composition.
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Wang H, Jiang Y, Li H, Wang J, Li C, Zhang D. Carbachol protects the intestinal barrier in severe acute pancreatitis by regulating Cdc42/F-actin cytoskeleton. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2828-2837. [PMID: 32765779 PMCID: PMC7401956 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of carbachol on the intestinal tight-junction barrier in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) without aggravating pancreatic injury, and to determine whether cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42)/F-actin could have a regulatory role. Rats were separated into a sham-operation (SO) group (n=10), SO + carbachol group (n=10), SAP group (n=60) and SAP + carbachol group (n=60). Sodium taurocholate (5%) was retrogradely injected into the biliopancreatic duct of rats to induce SAP. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect bacterial translocation (BT) in the gut of surviving animals. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect morphological changes in the pancreas and intestine. The expression of F-actin and tight junction proteins was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence, and Cdc42 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the intestinal injury in SO and SO + carbachol groups was lower than that in the SAP + carbachol group (P<0.05); however, the intestinal injury was similar in the SO and SO + carbachol groups (P>0.05), and was significantly more severe in the SAP group compared with the SAP + carbachol group (P<0.05). Similarly, pancreatic injury in the SAP and SAP + carbachol groups was significantly higher compared with the SO and SO + carbachol groups (P<0.05); however, pancreatic injury was similar in the SAP and SAP + carbachol groups (P>0.05), and in the SO and SO + carbachol groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the mortality rate and BT in the SAP group were significantly higher compared with the SAP + carbachol group (mortality rate, 50% vs. 30%, P<0.05; BT, 60% vs. 33.3%, P<0.05). In addition, the expression of Cdc42, F-actin and claudin-2 was significantly higher in the SAP and SAP + carbachol groups compared with the SO and SO + carbachol groups (P<0.05), and the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 were significantly higher in the SO and SO + carbachol groups compared with the SAP and SAP + carbachol groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that carbachol may protect the intestinal barrier in the SAP rat model without aggravating pancreatic injury via regulation of Cdc42/F-actin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Wang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Jiang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Dianliang Zhang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
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7
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Abstract
Bacterial translocation is a phenomenon in which live bacteria or their products cross the intestinal barrier to other organs or the circulatory system. Gut translocation of bacteria has been reported in both animal models, and clinical trials often accompany acute pancreatitis and are believed to be linked to patient outcome, especially in severe acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the mechanisms of intestinal bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis have become a topic of interest in recent years. This review discusses Bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis, identifies possible mechanisms of action, and provides an overview of the methods used to detect Bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis. This review also highlights areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou,Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xianming Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou,Sichuan, P.R. China
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Paneth Cell Ablation Aggravates Pancreatic and Intestinal Injuries in a Rat Model of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis after Normal and High-Fat Diet. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8474523. [PMID: 31827383 PMCID: PMC6885277 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8474523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) after normal or high-fat diet is associated with a decreased number of Paneth cells in ileal crypts. Here, we ablated Paneth cells in a rat model of ANP after normal and high-fat diet to investigate the effects on disease symptoms. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received standard rat chow or a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, after which they were treated with dithizone to deplete Paneth cells. Six hours later, ANP was established by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Rats were sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 h for assessment. We found dithizone aggravated ANP-associated pathological injuries to the pancreas and ileum in rats on high-fat or standard diets. Lysozyme expression in ileal crypts was decreased, while serum inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-17A) and intestinal permeability (serum DAO activity and D-lactate) were increased. Expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, zo-1, and occludin) was decreased. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, we found dithizone reduced microbiota diversity and altered microbiota composition in rats on high-fat or standard diets. Dithizone decreased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rats on high-fat or standard diets. Changes in intestinal microbiota correlated significantly with SCFAs, lysozyme, DAO activity, D-lactate, inflammatory cytokines, and pathological injury to the pancreas and ileum in rats on high-fat or standard diets. In conclusion, ablation of Paneth cells exacerbates pancreatic and intestinal injuries in ANP after normal and high-fat diet. These symptoms may be related to changes in the intestinal microbiota.
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9
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Cen ME, Wang F, Su Y, Zhang WJ, Sun B, Wang G. Gastrointestinal microecology: a crucial and potential target in acute pancreatitis. Apoptosis 2019; 23:377-387. [PMID: 29926313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP), abundant cytokines induced by local pancreatic inflammation enter the bloodstream, further cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by "trigger effect", which eventually leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). During SIRS and MODS, the intestinal barrier function was seriously damaged accompanied by the occurrence of gut-derived infection which forms a "second hit summit" by inflammatory overabundance. Gastrointestinal microecology, namely the biologic barrier, could be transformed into a pathogenic state, which is called microflora dysbiosis when interfered by the inflammatory stress during AP. More and more evidences indicate that gastrointestinal microflora dysbiosis plays a key role in "the second hit" induced by AP gut-derived infection. Therefore, the maintenance of gastrointestinal microecology balance is likely to provide an effective method in modulating systemic infection of AP. This article reviewed the progress of gastrointestinal microecology in AP to provide a reference for deeply understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of AP and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Er Cen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.,Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Chánez-Paredes S, Montoya-García A, Schnoor M. Cellular and pathophysiological consequences of Arp2/3 complex inhibition: role of inhibitory proteins and pharmacological compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3349-3361. [PMID: 31073744 PMCID: PMC11105272 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The actin-related protein complex 2/3 (Arp2/3) generates branched actin networks important for many cellular processes such as motility, vesicular trafficking, cytokinesis, and intercellular junction formation and stabilization. Activation of Arp2/3 requires interaction with actin nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs). Regulation of Arp2/3 activity is achieved by endogenous inhibitory proteins through direct binding to Arp2/3 and competition with NPFs or by binding to Arp2/3-induced actin filaments and disassembly of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 inhibition has recently garnered more attention as it has been associated with attenuation of cancer progression, neurotoxic effects during drug abuse, and pathogen invasion of host cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on expression, inhibitory mechanisms and function of endogenous proteins able to inhibit Arp2/3 such as coronins, GMFs, PICK1, gadkin, and arpin. Moreover, we discuss cellular consequences of pharmacological Arp2/3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chánez-Paredes
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Montoya-García
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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High-mobility group box-1 inhibition stabilizes intestinal permeability through tight junctions in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:677-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Obesity Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis via Damaging Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Changing Microbiota Composition in Rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:69. [PMID: 30635594 PMCID: PMC6329748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may aggravate acute pancreatitis (AP) through damaging the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB). The underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was aimed to provide further data to clarify the mechanism. 48 rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal control (NC), chow-fed rats with sham operation, 2) no-obese rats with AP (NAP), chow-fed rats with taurocholate infusion, 3) obese control (OC), high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats with sham operation, and 4) obese rats with AP (OAP), HFD-fed rats with taurocholate infusion. Pancreatic pathologic score (11.39 ± 1.76 vs. 14.11 ± 1.05, p = 0.005), intestinal permeability to FD4 (0.91 ± 0.25 μg/ml vs. 7.06 ± 3.67 μg/ml, p < 0.001), serum leptin (10.25 ± 5.59 ng/ml vs. 79.73 ± 38.44 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and ileal apoptosis (2.05 ± 0.73% vs. 4.53 ± 2.28%, p = 0.006) were significantly higher in OAP than in NAP group. The intestinal bacterial richness (Chao 1 and OTUs) was significantly lower in OAP than in NAP rats. The higher abundance of Proteobacteria and reduced proportions of intestinal Actinobacteria, Allobaculum and Barnesiella were detected in OAP group. Obesity may result in decreased intestinal leptin/ObR-b binding, distinct phylogenetic clusters of ileal bacterial communities, increased intestinal inflammatory injury and the insufficient intestinal epithelial cells proliferation during AP attack. Pancreatic injury was aggravated due to obesity associated dysfunction of IMB.
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13
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Vermette D, Hu P, Canarie MF, Funaro M, Glover J, Pierce RW. Tight junction structure, function, and assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 30259344 PMCID: PMC6158145 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, essential for homeostasis, is maintained by cellular boarder structures known as tight junctions (TJs). In critical illness, TJs may become disrupted, resulting in barrier dysfunction manifesting as capillary leak, pulmonary edema, gut bacterial translocation, and multiple organ failure. We aim to provide a clinically focused overview of TJ structure and function and systematically review and analyze all studies assessing markers of endothelial and epithelial TJ breakdown correlated with clinical outcomes in critically ill humans. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Additional articles were identified by targeted searches. We included studies that looked at the relationship between biomarkers of endothelial or epithelial TJ structure or function and critical illness. Results were qualitatively analyzed due to sample size and heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 5297 abstracts met search criteria, of which 150 articles met requirements for full text review. Of these, 30 studies met inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the 30 reports investigated proteins of endothelial tight junctions and 15 investigated epithelial TJ markers, exclusively in the gastrointestinal epithelium. No studies investigated TJ-derived proteins in primary cardiac or pulmonary pathology. CONCLUSIONS TJ integrity is essential for homeostasis. We identified multiple studies that indicate TJs are disrupted by critical illness. These studies highlight the significance of barrier disruption across many critical disease states and correlate TJ-associated markers to clinically relevant outcomes. Further study on the role of multiple tissue-specific claudins, particularly in the setting of respiratory or cardiac failure, may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advances. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO database: CRD42017074546 .
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vermette
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Pamela Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Michael F Canarie
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Melissa Funaro
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Janis Glover
- Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Richard W Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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Gao N, Yan C, Zhang G. Changes of Serum Procalcitonin (PCT), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), High Mobility Group Protein-B1 (HMGB1) and D-Dimer in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis Treated with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and Its Clinical Significance. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5881-5886. [PMID: 30136704 PMCID: PMC6118162 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group protein-B1 (HMGB1), and D-dimer in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients during treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the clinical significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 92 SAP patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group using a random number table method, with 46 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional therapy, and the observation group was given CRRT in addition to conventional therapy. RESULTS After 1 week, the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). In the observation group, each index showed a continuous downward trend at 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment, and at different time points after treatment, the indexes were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS CRRT is more effective in the treatment of SAP, and its effects are more obvious in removing a variety of inflammatory factors and reducing the serum levels of PCT, HMGB1, and D-dimer, which is of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Yan
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guochang Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Autophagy Strengthens Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:910-919. [PMID: 29427225 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction can be caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). It is normally associated with changes to mucosal autophagy and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between autophagy and oxidative stress on the intestinal mucosal barrier of SAP rat model. METHODS SAP was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate (5%) into the biliopancreatic duct. Bacterial translocation (BT) was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Morphological alterations in the pancreas and gut were determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Oxidative stress status was determined by measuring the level of intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescent staining were preformed to analyze the expression of tight junction and autophagy proteins. RESULTS According to the sequencing analysis, rats in SAP group were divided into BT (+) group (n = 9) and BT (-) group (n = 8). Pancreatic and intestinal injuries in SAP group were significantly higher than sham operation group. The content of MDA was clearly elevated, and SOD as well as GPx activities were decreased in BT (+) group as compared with BT (-) group. The expression of LC3II and Beclin1 in BT (-) group was higher than that observed in BT (+). In contrast, BT (+) group had a higher level of claudin-2 and a lower level of zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that activated autophagy may attenuate intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction by preventing and reducing the oxidative stress in SAP.
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Wen W, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Huang L, Li D, Zhang J, Zhang D. Effect of intestinal epithelial autophagy on bacterial translocation in severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:703-710. [PMID: 28438571 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of autophagy activation on bacterial translocation (BT) and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the intestinal mucosa of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS Thirty-one SAP patients were divided into two groups, BT(+) and BT(-), according to the presence of BT in the blood, as detected by 16S rDNA sequencing. Eight healthy individuals were included in the control group. Serum endotoxin levels were measured by ELISA. Colonic mucosal tissue was obtained by endoscopy, and the TJ proteins and phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) were analyzed using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. RESULTS The expression of LC3II in patients with SAP was higher than that observed in healthy controls. Patients who tested positive for the presence of BT had a higher level of claudins-2 (CL-2) and a lower level of occludin and Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) than BT(-) patients. Moreover, the levels of LC3II in BT(-) patients was higher than that found in BT(+) patients, and occludin and ZO-1 were positively correlated with LC3II. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy activation in the intestinal epithelial cells of patients with SAP and its effects on BT may act through enhancing para-cellular TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wen
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yingjian Jiang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Luqiao Huang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dehui Li
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dianliang Zhang
- Center of Colon and Rectum, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
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17
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Wang J, Li C, Jiang Y, Zheng H, Li D, Liang Y, Deng W, Zhang D. Effect of ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein on intestinal bacterial translocation in severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:86-92. [PMID: 27637474 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein (CPTP) on the intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS Fifty patients with SAP were classified into two groups according to the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in the blood. Thirty healthy individuals were included in the control group. The presence of BT was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The expression of tight junction proteins and CPTP was determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Bacterial DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of 62.0% of the patients with SAP. The expression of CPTP and tight junction proteins in SAP patients was lower than that in healthy controls. Among the patients with SAP, those positive for BT(+) showed a lower level of CPTP and occluding (OC) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression and a higher level of IVA cPLA2 expression than BT(-) patients. Moreover, the expression of CPTP was significantly associated with ZO-1 and showed a negative correlation with expression of IVA cPLA2 in SAP-BT(+) patients. CONCLUSIONS CPTP affects the expression of tight junction proteins and may protects the intestinal epithelial barrier by downregulating the expression of IVA cPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingjian Jiang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dehui Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yibo Liang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Pingxiang People's Hospital, Center of Anorectal Branch, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dianliang Zhang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Center of Colon and Rectum, n(o) 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Liu W, Yuan Q, Guo S, Fu Z. Emodin in Severe Acute Pancreatitis Treatment. Chin Med 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2017.84008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Fukui H. Increased Intestinal Permeability and Decreased Barrier Function: Does It Really Influence the Risk of Inflammation? Inflamm Intest Dis 2016. [PMID: 29922669 DOI: 10.1159/000447252.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased intestinal permeability due to barrier dysfunction is supposed to cause microbial translocation which may induce low-grade inflammation in various diseases. However, this series of events has not been comprehensively evaluated yet. Summary Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and increased permeability have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), type 1 and type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure (CHF), depression, and other diseases. Most clinical reports used either permeability assays of challenge tests or measurement of circulating bacterial markers like endotoxin for assessment of 'the leaky gut'. The intestinal permeability assessed by the challenge tests has often been related to the changes of tight junction proteins in the epithelium or circulating endotoxin levels. In patients with IBD, alcoholic liver disease, NASH, liver cirrhosis, PBC, obstructive jaundice, severe acute pancreatitis, and CHF, endotoxemia and proinflammatory cytokinemia have been found in addition to increased permeability. In the serum of patients with IBS and depression, antiflagellin antibodies and antilipid A antibodies were detected, respectively, together with increased permeability and proinflammatory cytokinemia. The site of infection, which is localized to the intestine in IBD and IBS, includes various extraintestinal organs in other diseases. The relation of gut dysbiosis to intestinal barrier dysfunction has gradually been clarified. Key Messages Although no direct cause-and-effect relationship has been confirmed, all clinical and experimental data suggest the importance of intestinal hyperpermeability in the inflammatory changes of various diseases. Increased intestinal permeability is a new target for disease prevention and therapy. Considering the close relationship of 'the leaky gut' and gut dysbiosis to the major diseases, we can conclude that meticulous dietetic and probiotic approaches to recover healthy microbiota have the potential to make a breakthrough in the management of these diseases tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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20
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Fukui H. Increased Intestinal Permeability and Decreased Barrier Function: Does It Really Influence the Risk of Inflammation? Inflamm Intest Dis 2016; 1:135-145. [PMID: 29922669 DOI: 10.1159/000447252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased intestinal permeability due to barrier dysfunction is supposed to cause microbial translocation which may induce low-grade inflammation in various diseases. However, this series of events has not been comprehensively evaluated yet. Summary Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and increased permeability have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), type 1 and type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure (CHF), depression, and other diseases. Most clinical reports used either permeability assays of challenge tests or measurement of circulating bacterial markers like endotoxin for assessment of 'the leaky gut'. The intestinal permeability assessed by the challenge tests has often been related to the changes of tight junction proteins in the epithelium or circulating endotoxin levels. In patients with IBD, alcoholic liver disease, NASH, liver cirrhosis, PBC, obstructive jaundice, severe acute pancreatitis, and CHF, endotoxemia and proinflammatory cytokinemia have been found in addition to increased permeability. In the serum of patients with IBS and depression, antiflagellin antibodies and antilipid A antibodies were detected, respectively, together with increased permeability and proinflammatory cytokinemia. The site of infection, which is localized to the intestine in IBD and IBS, includes various extraintestinal organs in other diseases. The relation of gut dysbiosis to intestinal barrier dysfunction has gradually been clarified. Key Messages Although no direct cause-and-effect relationship has been confirmed, all clinical and experimental data suggest the importance of intestinal hyperpermeability in the inflammatory changes of various diseases. Increased intestinal permeability is a new target for disease prevention and therapy. Considering the close relationship of 'the leaky gut' and gut dysbiosis to the major diseases, we can conclude that meticulous dietetic and probiotic approaches to recover healthy microbiota have the potential to make a breakthrough in the management of these diseases tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Zhou M, Wang DQ, Jiao GJ, Deng WY, Zhong ZH. Change in biliary motility in rats with severe acute pancreatitis and its effect. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2525-2530. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i16.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the change in biliary motility in rats with severe acute pancreatitis and study its effect.
METHODS: Severe acute pancreatitis was induced in 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats by injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatobiliary duct. These rats were randomly divided into an experiment group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). Another 14 male SD rats injected with saline served as a sham operation group (SO group, n = 14). The experiment group was pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of anisodamine at 20 mg/kg. The control group was pretreated with saline. Twenty-four hours after operation, quantitative 99mTc-EHIDA hepatobiliary dynamic imaging was performed in each group. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and endotoxin (ET) were detected, and the levels of cholecystokinin 8 (CCK8) in plasma, gallbladder and duodenal tissues were also measured. Abdominal viscera bacterial translocation rates were compared among these groups.
RESULTS: In comparison with the SO group and experiment group, a significant delay in duodenal appearance time (DAT) was noted in the control group (56.73 s ± 12.34 s vs 48.44 s ± 11.12 s, 29.52 s ± 11.83 s). A lower level of CCK8 in duodenal tissue was found in the control group than in the SO group and experiment group (5.24 pg/mL ± 0.56 pg/mL vs 5.81 pg/mL ± 0.45 pg/mL, 6.25 pg/mL ± 0.53 pg/mL). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and ET were significantly higher in the control group and experiment group at 24 h after operation than in the SO group (P < 0.05 for all). The levels of TNF-α and ET were significantly lower in the experiment group than in the control group (ET: 0.148 EU/mL ± 0.032 EU/mL vs 0.320 EU/mL ± 0026 EU/mL, P = 0.040; TNF-α: 89.24 pg/mL ± 34.45 pg/mL vs 123.18 pg/mL ± 41.24 pg/mL, P = 0.049). The abdominal viscera bacterial translocation rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the other two groups (0.714% vs 0.573%, 0.143%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The inhibition of biliary motility was observed in rats with acute pancreatitis, and the change in biliary motility may promote viscera bacterial translocation.
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Abstract
The intestinal symbiotic microbes and the human body depend on each other to form the intestinal microecology system of the human body. Symbiotic microorganisms play an important role in many diseases through the interaction between pathogens and host pattern recognition receptors. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are involved in the progression of pancreatitis. Intestinal microecology plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis, which is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation, increases the risk of pancreatic infection and death. Infection with intestinal bacteria is related to the development of chronic pancreatitis, and it may induce autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) by molecular modeling. Understanding the relationship between intestinal microecology and pancreatitis will provide guidance and direction for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis.
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