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Lee SY, Jao NC, Gaffey AE, Reid BM, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Female adolescents' early life stress and body mass index: Differential effects of anger and anxiety in response to rejection. J Adolesc 2024; 96:830-840. [PMID: 38402417 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life stress is linked to childhood obesity. As children enter adolescence, early life stress may be associated with increased rejection sensitivity, resulting in activation of behavioral and physiological changes that contribute to higher body mass index (BMI). Understanding the potential influence of rejection sensitivity on the association between early life stress and BMI is important to examine in female adolescents. For this secondary data analysis, we hypothesized that female adolescents with greater early life stress and greater rejection sensitivity would exhibit higher BMI-for-age 12 months later. METHODS Seventy-eight adolescents (Mage = 13.1 years; 100% female sex; MBMI = 23.2 kg/m2) in the United States completed study procedures from 2012 to 2016. Among these procedures, the Psychosocial Schedule was used to assess cumulative early life stress and the Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire was used to assess anger and anxiety in response to rejection. Twelve months later, height and weight were measured to derive BMI-for-age. RESULTS Higher early life stress was associated with higher BMI-for-age among female adolescents with low rejection-provoked anger (1 SD below the mean). However, this association was not observed among female adolescents with high rejection-provoked anger (1 SD above the mean). Finally, there was no significant interaction between early life stress and rejection-provoked anxiety in predicting BMI-for-age. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing early life stress may interact with rejection-provoked anger, but not anxiety, to predict BMI-for-age. Findings inform a developmental perspective of how rejection sensitivity may influence the association between early life stress and early cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allison E Gaffey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brie M Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Drawings or 3D models: Do illustration methods matter when assessing perceived body size and body dissatisfaction? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261645. [PMID: 34932599 PMCID: PMC8691601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has reported that both men and women experience body dissatisfaction. Among other instruments, a widely used method to assess perceived body size and body dissatisfaction are figure rating scales. Although a variety of illustration methods (e.g., three-dimensional, or 3D, models and line-drawing models) have been used to create these figure rating scales, to date, they have not been directly compared to one another. Thus, in the first study, which includes 511 participants at a mean age of 46 years old (range: 20–70), the present research work aims to assess how the line-drawing and 3D model scales, representing different body illustration methods, relate to each other. Furthermore, the first study assesses the validity of the indication of body dissatisfaction measured using these figure rating scales by comparing them to body checking or scrutinizing behavior and body appreciation levels. The project’s second study examines the two figure rating scales using objectively measured anthropometric data. In total, 239 participants at a mean age of 54 years (range: 18–94) were included. The results show that figure rating scales can be considered tools that measure perceptual body image due to their positive correlations with body checking behavior (for women) and their negative correlations with body appreciation. The 3D model and line-drawing scales show good to excellent inter-scale reliability, and both scales agree equally well with body mass index (BMI) measurements. Thus, the 3D model and line-drawing scales both seem well suited for assessing perceived body size and perceptual body dissatisfaction, suggesting that neither illustration method is superior to the other.
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Bazarbaeva S, Dinmukhamedova A, Tleubergenova G, Rakhimzhanova Z, Sembekova K, Karbayeva S, Kuandykova E. Morphofunctional and Hematological Characteristics of Health in Students from the Northern and Southern Regions of Kazakhstan. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating morphofunctional and hematological features of the first-year students’ health condition. The health status for a total of 400 first-year students, who arrived for studying from the northern region (North Kazakhstan) and the southern region (Turkestan, Kyzylorda), was estimated during the study. The morphological (BMI, vital lung capacity, etc.) and hematological (the total number of red blood cells, white blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, etc.) indicators of the health status were investigated. By comparing the condition of physical health in students from both regions, a significant difference in main morphofunctional and hematological indices has been established. The functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were higher in students from the southern region, which reflects a good adaptive reaction to studying at a university, as well as new climatic and geographical conditions. Students from the southern region were reported to have lower red blood cell amounts and diagnosed with mild anemia compared to those from the northern region. Therefore, constant monitoring of the health condition among youth is required to develop effective tactics for the students’ smooth adjusting to living in new climatic conditions.
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Cox AE, Brunet J, McMahon AK, Price J. A qualitative study exploring middle-aged women's experiences with yoga. J Women Aging 2021; 34:460-472. [PMID: 34313187 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1944752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore how yoga impacts body-related thoughts, feelings, perceptions and attitudes, well-being, and self-care behaviors in a sample of middle-aged women who regularly engage in yoga in their communities. The sample included 22 women; 10 self-identified as beginners or novices and 12 self-identified as experienced in yoga. Interpretive phenomenological analysis guided the data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Four key themes were identified around the topics of: supportive yoga environment, mindfulness, self-care behaviors, and body-related perceptions. Results highlight potential elements of yoga that can support positive body-related experiences in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Cox
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Brunet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amanda K McMahon
- Department of Kinesiology and Educational Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jenson Price
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ralph-Nearman C, Filik R. New Body Scales Reveal Body Dissatisfaction, Thin-Ideal, and Muscularity-Ideal in Males. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:740-750. [PMID: 29557236 PMCID: PMC6131474 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318763516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop, test, and retest two new male body
dissatisfaction scales: The Male Body Scale (MBS; consisting of emaciated
to obese figures) and the Male Fit Body Scale (MFBS; consisting of
emaciated to muscular figures). These scales were compared to the two most commonly used
visually based indices of body dissatisfaction (Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, SFRS; and
Somatomorphic Matrix, SM). Male participants rated which body figure on each scale most
represented their current figure, then their ideal figure, and then rated which one of the
three scales (MBS, MFBS, and SFRS) best represented their current and ideal body overall.
Finally, they completed the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Eating Disorder
Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their actual body composition was calculated.
This was followed by a retest and manipulation check 2 to 6 weeks later. Participants’
actual body mass index, fat- and muscularity-percentage were all highly related to their
current body figure choice, and both new scales were consistently valid and more reliable
between test and retest than the SFRS and SM body dissatisfaction scores. Importantly,
each scale was sensitive to different types of body dissatisfaction within males.
Specifically, the MBS revealed that males’ desire for the thin-ideal significantly
corresponded to higher eating disorder tendencies as identified by EDE-Q 6.0 scores, while
the MFBS revealed much higher body dissatisfaction toward the larger, muscularity-ideal,
predicting higher drive for muscularity as identified by DMS scores. Results validated the
new scales, and inform male-focused eating disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Filik
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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Kastner L, Kube J, Villringer A, Neumann J. Cardiac Concomitants of Feedback and Prediction Error Processing in Reinforcement Learning. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:598. [PMID: 29163004 PMCID: PMC5670147 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful learning hinges on the evaluation of positive and negative feedback. We assessed differential learning from reward and punishment in a monetary reinforcement learning paradigm, together with cardiac concomitants of positive and negative feedback processing. On the behavioral level, learning from reward resulted in more advantageous behavior than learning from punishment, suggesting a differential impact of reward and punishment on successful feedback-based learning. On the autonomic level, learning and feedback processing were closely mirrored by phasic cardiac responses on a trial-by-trial basis: (1) Negative feedback was accompanied by faster and prolonged heart rate deceleration compared to positive feedback. (2) Cardiac responses shifted from feedback presentation at the beginning of learning to stimulus presentation later on. (3) Most importantly, the strength of phasic cardiac responses to the presentation of feedback correlated with the strength of prediction error signals that alert the learner to the necessity for behavioral adaptation. Considering participants' weight status and gender revealed obesity-related deficits in learning to avoid negative consequences and less consistent behavioral adaptation in women compared to men. In sum, our results provide strong new evidence for the notion that during learning phasic cardiac responses reflect an internal value and feedback monitoring system that is sensitive to the violation of performance-based expectations. Moreover, inter-individual differences in weight status and gender may affect both behavioral and autonomic responses in reinforcement-based learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kastner
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Kube
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty 5-Business, Law and Social Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Mind and Brain Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
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