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Ünsal E, Duygun R, Yemeniciler İ, Bingöl E, Ceran Ö, Güntekin B. From Infancy to Childhood: A Comprehensive Review of Event- and Task-Related Brain Oscillations. Brain Sci 2024; 14:837. [PMID: 39199528 PMCID: PMC11352659 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain development from infancy through childhood involves complex structural and functional changes influenced by both internal and external factors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of event and task-related brain oscillations, focusing on developmental changes across different frequency bands, including delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies highlight that these oscillations serve as functional building blocks for sensory and cognitive processes, with significant variations observed across different developmental stages. Delta oscillations, primarily associated with deep sleep and early cognitive demands, gradually diminish as children age. Theta rhythms, crucial for attention and memory, display a distinct pattern in early childhood, evolving with cognitive maturation. Alpha oscillations, reflecting thalamocortical interactions and cognitive performance, increase in complexity with age. Beta rhythms, linked to active thinking and problem-solving, show developmental differences in motor and cognitive tasks. Gamma oscillations, associated with higher cognitive functions, exhibit notable changes in response to sensory stimuli and cognitive tasks. This review underscores the importance of understanding oscillatory dynamics to elucidate brain development and its implications for sensory and cognitive processing in childhood. The findings provide a foundation for future research on developmental neuroscience and potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ünsal
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.Ü.); (R.D.); (İ.Y.); (E.B.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rümeysa Duygun
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.Ü.); (R.D.); (İ.Y.); (E.B.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Yemeniciler
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.Ü.); (R.D.); (İ.Y.); (E.B.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elifnur Bingöl
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.Ü.); (R.D.); (İ.Y.); (E.B.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ceran
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Tang X, Turesky TK, Escalante ES, Loh MY, Xia M, Yu X, Gaab N. Longitudinal associations between language network characteristics in the infant brain and school-age reading abilities are mediated by early-developing phonological skills. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101405. [PMID: 38875769 PMCID: PMC11225703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reading acquisition is a prolonged learning process relying on language development starting in utero. Behavioral longitudinal studies reveal prospective associations between infant language abilities and preschool/kindergarten phonological development that relates to subsequent reading performance. While recent pediatric neuroimaging work has begun to characterize the neural network underlying language development in infants, how this neural network scaffolds long-term language and reading acquisition remains unknown. We addressed this question in a 7-year longitudinal study from infancy to school-age. Seventy-six infants completed resting-state fMRI scanning, and underwent standardized language assessments in kindergarten. Of this larger cohort, forty-one were further assessed on their emergent word reading abilities after receiving formal reading instructions. Hierarchical clustering analyses identified a modular infant language network in which functional connectivity (FC) of the inferior frontal module prospectively correlated with kindergarten-age phonological skills and emergent word reading abilities. These correlations were obtained when controlling for infant age at scan, nonverbal IQ and parental education. Furthermore, kindergarten-age phonological skills mediated the relationship between infant FC and school-age reading abilities, implying a critical mid-way milestone for long-term reading development from infancy. Overall, our findings illuminate the neurobiological mechanisms by which infant language capacities could scaffold long-term reading acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ted K Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Escalante
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Megan Yf Loh
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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3
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Tang X, Turesky TK, Escalante ES, Loh MY, Xia M, Yu X, Gaab N. Longitudinal associations between language network characteristics in the infant brain and school-age reading abilities are mediated by early-developing phonological skills. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.22.546194. [PMID: 38895379 PMCID: PMC11185523 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Reading acquisition is a prolonged learning process relying on language development starting in utero. Behavioral longitudinal studies reveal prospective associations between infant language abilities and preschool/kindergarten phonological development that relates to subsequent reading performance. While recent pediatric neuroimaging work has begun to characterize the neural network underlying language development in infants, how this neural network scaffolds long-term language and reading acquisition remains unknown. We addressed this question in a 7-year longitudinal study from infancy to school-age. Seventy-six infants completed resting-state fMRI scanning, and underwent standardized language assessments in kindergarten. Of this larger cohort, forty-one were further assessed on their emergent word reading abilities after receiving formal reading instructions. Hierarchical clustering analyses identified a modular infant language network in which functional connectivity (FC) of the inferior frontal module prospectively correlated with kindergarten-age phonological skills and emergent word reading abilities. These correlations were obtained when controlling for infant age at scan, nonverbal IQ and parental education. Furthermore, kindergarten-age phonological skills mediated the relationship between infant FC and school-age reading abilities, implying a critical mid-way milestone for long-term reading development from infancy. Overall, our findings illuminate the neurobiological mechanisms by which infant language capacities could scaffold long-term reading acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Ted K. Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02138
| | - Elizabeth S. Escalante
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02138
| | - Megan Yf Loh
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02138
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02138
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4
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Laguitton V, Boutin M, Brissart H, Breuillard D, Bilger M, Forthoffer N, Guinet V, Hennion S, Kleitz C, Mirabel H, Mosca C, Pradier S, Samson S, Voltzenlogel V, Planton M, Denos M, Bulteau C. Neuropsychological assessment in pediatric epilepsy surgery: A French procedure consensus. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:494-506. [PMID: 37949750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological assessment is a mandatory part of the pre- and post-operative evaluation in pediatric epilepsy surgery. The neuropsychology task force of the ILAE - French Chapter aims to define a neuropsychological procedure consensus based on literature review and adapted for French practice. They performed a systematic review of the literature published between 1950 and 2023 on cognitive evaluation of individuals undergoing presurgical work-up and post-surgery follow-up and focused on the pediatric population aged 6-16. They classified publications listed in the PubMed database according to their level of scientific evidence. The systematic literature review revealed no study with high statistical power and only four studies using neuropsychological scales in their French version. Afterwards, the experts defined a neuropsychological consensus strategy in pediatric epilepsy surgery according to the psychometric determinants of cognitive tests, specificity of epilepsy, surgery context, French culture and literature reports. A common French neuropsychological procedure dedicated to pediatric epilepsy surgery is now available. This procedure could serve as a guide for the pre- and post-surgical work-up in French centers with pediatric epilepsy surgery programs. The main goal is to anticipate the functional risks of surgery, to support the postoperative outcome beyond the seizure-related one, while taking into consideration the plasticity and vulnerability of the immature brain and allowing the possibility of collaborative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Laguitton
- Clinical Neurophysiology AP-HM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, APHM, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
| | - M Boutin
- GHU-Paris Pôle Neuro-Sainte-Anne - Neurosurgery Unity, 1, rue Cabanis, Paris, France
| | - H Brissart
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - D Breuillard
- Reference Center Rare Epilepsies, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - M Bilger
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Hautepierre, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Forthoffer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - V Guinet
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S Hennion
- Reference Center Rare Epilepsies, Epilepsy Unit, University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1171 Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders, Lille, France
| | - C Kleitz
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Hautepierre, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - H Mirabel
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Mosca
- Epilepsy Unit, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble-Alpes, France
| | - S Pradier
- Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University Hospital Center Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Samson
- Neurology Department, Rehabilitation Unit, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France; Équipe Neuropsychologie: Audition, Cognition et Action (EA 4072), UFR de psychologie, Université Lille-Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - V Voltzenlogel
- Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychologie de la santé, université de Toulouse, UT2J, Toulouse, France
| | - M Planton
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - M Denos
- Neurology Department, Rehabilitation Unit, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - C Bulteau
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, EpiCare Member, Paris, France; University of Paris Cité, MC(2)Lab, Institute of Psychology, 92000 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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Ren J, Cai L, Jia G, Niu H. Cortical specialization associated with native speech category acquisition in early infancy. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae124. [PMID: 38566511 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates neural processes in infant speech processing, with a focus on left frontal brain regions and hemispheric lateralization in Mandarin-speaking infants' acquisition of native tonal categories. We tested 2- to 6-month-old Mandarin learners to explore age-related improvements in tone discrimination, the role of inferior frontal regions in abstract speech category representation, and left hemisphere lateralization during tone processing. Using a block design, we presented four Mandarin tones via [ta] and measured oxygenated hemoglobin concentration with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results showed age-related improvements in tone discrimination, greater involvement of frontal regions in older infants indicating abstract tonal representation development and increased bilateral activation mirroring native adult Mandarin speakers. These findings contribute to our broader understanding of the relationship between native speech acquisition and infant brain development during the critical period of early language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Longy School of Music of Bard College, 27 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Lin Cai
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Gaoding Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haijing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
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Lai B, Yi A, Zhang F, Wang S, Xin J, Li S, Yu L. Atypical brain lateralization for speech processing at the sublexical level in autistic children revealed by fNIRS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2776. [PMID: 38307983 PMCID: PMC10837203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autistic children often exhibit atypical brain lateralization of language processing, but it is unclear what aspects of language contribute to this phenomenon. This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemispheric lateralization by estimating hemodynamic responses associated with processing linguistic and non-linguistic auditory stimuli. The study involved a group of autistic children (N = 20, mean age = 5.8 years) and a comparison group of nonautistic peers (N = 20, mean age = 6.5 years). The children were presented with stimuli with systematically decreasing linguistic relevance: naturalistic native speech, meaningless native speech with scrambled word order, nonnative speech, and music. The results revealed that both groups showed left lateralization in the temporal lobe when listening to naturalistic native speech. However, the distinction emerged between autism and nonautistic in terms of processing the linguistic hierarchy. Specifically, the nonautistic comparison group demonstrated a systematic reduction in left lateralization as linguistic relevance decreased. In contrast, the autism group displayed no such pattern and showed no lateralization when listening to scrambled native speech accompanied by enhanced response in the right hemisphere. These results provide evidence of atypical neural specialization for spoken language in preschool- and school-age autistic children and shed new light on the underlying linguistic correlates contributing to such atypicality at the sublexical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Lai
- Center for Autism Research, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Tiyudong Road Primary School (Xingguo), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiwen Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major 0bstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Joint Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Suiping Wang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xin
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Suping Li
- Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Luodi Yu
- Center for Autism Research, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Yu L, Huang D, Wang S, Zhang Y. Reduced Neural Specialization for Word-level Linguistic Prosody in Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4351-4367. [PMID: 36038793 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Children with autism often show atypical brain lateralization for speech and language processing, however, it is unclear what linguistic component contributes to this phenomenon. Here we measured event-related potential (ERP) responses in 21 school-age autistic children and 25 age-matched neurotypical (NT) peers during listening to word-level prosodic stimuli. We found that both groups displayed larger late negative response (LNR) amplitude to native prosody than to nonnative prosody; however, unlike the NT group exhibiting left-lateralized LNR distinction of prosodic phonology, the autism group showed no evidence of LNR lateralization. Moreover, in both groups, the LNR effects were only present for prosodic phonology but not for phoneme-free prosodic acoustics. These results extended the findings of inadequate neural specialization for language in autism to sub-lexical prosodic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodi Yu
- Center for Autism Research, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Wenyi Bldg, Guangzhou, China.
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University) , Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation & Research Center for Children with ASD, Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University) , Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Choi D, Yeung HH, Werker JF. Sensorimotor foundations of speech perception in infancy. Trends Cogn Sci 2023:S1364-6613(23)00124-9. [PMID: 37302917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The perceptual system for speech is highly organized from early infancy. This organization bootstraps young human learners' ability to acquire their native speech and language from speech input. Here, we review behavioral and neuroimaging evidence that perceptual systems beyond the auditory modality are also specialized for speech in infancy, and that motor and sensorimotor systems can influence speech perception even in infants too young to produce speech-like vocalizations. These investigations complement existing literature on infant vocal development and on the interplay between speech perception and production systems in adults. We conclude that a multimodal speech and language network is present before speech-like vocalizations emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Choi
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Yale, CT, USA.
| | - H Henny Yeung
- Department of Linguistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Janet F Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Huber E, Corrigan NM, Yarnykh VL, Ferjan Ramírez N, Kuhl PK. Language Experience during Infancy Predicts White Matter Myelination at Age 2 Years. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1590-1599. [PMID: 36746626 PMCID: PMC10008053 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1043-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental input is considered a key predictor of language achievement during the first years of life, yet relatively few studies have assessed the effects of parental language input and parent-infant interactions on early brain development. We examined the relationship between measures of parent and child language, obtained from naturalistic home recordings at child ages 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 months, and estimates of white matter myelination, derived from quantitative MRI at age 2 years (mean = 26.30 months, SD = 1.62, N = 22). Analysis of the white matter focused on dorsal pathways associated with expressive language development and long-term language ability, namely, the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Frequency of parent-infant conversational turns (CT) uniquely predicted myelin density estimates in both the AF and SLF. Moreover, the effect of CT remained significant while controlling for total adult speech and child speech-related utterances, suggesting a specific role for interactive language experience, rather than simply speech exposure or production. An exploratory analysis of 18 additional tracts, including the right AF and SLF, indicated a high degree of anatomic specificity. Longitudinal analyses of parent and child language variables indicated an effect of CT as early as 6 months of age, as well as an ongoing effect over infancy. Together, these results link parent-infant conversational turns to white matter myelination at age 2 years, and suggest that early, interactive experiences with language uniquely contribute to the development of white matter associated with long-term language ability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Children's earliest experiences with language are thought to have profound and lasting developmental effects. Recent studies suggest that intervention can increase the quality of parental language input and improve children's learning outcomes. However, important questions remain about the optimal timing of intervention, and the relationship between specific aspects of language experience and brain development. We report that parent-infant turn-taking during home language interactions correlates with myelination of language related white matter pathways through age 2 years. Effects were independent of total speech exposure and infant vocalizations and evident starting at 6 months of age, suggesting that structured language interactions throughout infancy may uniquely support the ongoing development of brain systems critical to long-term language ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huber
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Neva M Corrigan
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Vasily L Yarnykh
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Naja Ferjan Ramírez
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Linguistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Patricia K Kuhl
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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10
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Borne A, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Jambaqué I, Castaignède C, Dorfmüller G, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Baciu M, Bulteau C. Cognitive outcome after left functional hemispherectomy on dominant hemisphere in patients with Rasmussen encephalitis: beyond the myth of aphasia. Patient series. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2022; 4:CASE22410. [PMID: 36443955 PMCID: PMC9705523 DOI: 10.3171/case22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rasmussen encephalitis is a rare chronic neurological pathology frequently treated with functional hemispherectomy (or hemispherotomy). This surgical procedure frees patients of their severe epilepsy associated with the disease but may induce cognitive disorders and notably language alterations after disconnection of the left hemisphere. OBSERVATIONS The authors describe longitudinally 3 cases of female patients with Rasmussen encephalitis who underwent left hemispherotomy in childhood and benefited from a favorable cognitive outcome. In the first patient, the hemispherotomy occurred at a young age, and the recovery of language and cognitive abilities was rapid and efficient. The second patient benefited from the surgery later in childhood. In addition, she presented a reorganization of language and memory functions that seem to have been at the expense of nonverbal ones. The third patient was a teenager during surgery. She benefited from a more partial cognitive recovery with persistent disorders several years after the surgery. LESSONS Recovery of cognitive functions, including language, occurs after left hemispherotomy, even when performed late in childhood. Therefore, the surgery should be considered as early as possible to promote intercognitive reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borne
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Isabelle Jambaqué
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and
- University of Paris Cité, MCLab, Institute of Psychology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Clémence Castaignède
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and
| | - Georg Dorfmüller
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and
| | - Sarah Ferrand-Sorbets
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and
| | - Monica Baciu
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Bulteau
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Hospital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France; and
- University of Paris Cité, MCLab, Institute of Psychology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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11
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Relevance to the higher order structure may govern auditory statistical learning in neonates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5905. [PMID: 35393525 PMCID: PMC8989996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing is one of the earliest senses to develop and is quite mature by birth. Contemporary theories assume that regularities in sound are exploited by the brain to create internal models of the environment. Through statistical learning, internal models extrapolate from patterns to predictions about subsequent experience. In adults, altered brain responses to sound enable us to infer the existence and properties of these models. In this study, brain potentials were used to determine whether newborns exhibit context-dependent modulations of a brain response that can be used to infer the existence and properties of internal models. Results are indicative of significant context-dependence in the responsivity to sound in newborns. When common and rare sounds continue in stable probabilities over a very long period, neonates respond to all sounds equivalently (no differentiation). However, when the same common and rare sounds at the same probabilities alternate over time, the neonate responses show clear differentiations. The context-dependence is consistent with the possibility that the neonate brain produces more precise internal models that discriminate between contexts when there is an emergent structure to be discovered but appears to adopt broader models when discrimination delivers little or no additional information about the environment.
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12
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Fló A, Benjamin L, Palu M, Dehaene-Lambertz G. Sleeping neonates track transitional probabilities in speech but only retain the first syllable of words. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4391. [PMID: 35292694 PMCID: PMC8924158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting statistical regularities from the environment is a primary learning mechanism that might support language acquisition. While it has been shown that infants are sensitive to transition probabilities between syllables in speech, it is still not known what information they encode. Here we used electrophysiology to study how full-term neonates process an artificial language constructed by randomly concatenating four pseudo-words and what information they retain after a few minutes of exposure. Neural entrainment served as a marker of the regularities the brain was tracking during learning. Then in a post-learning phase, evoked-related potentials (ERP) to different triplets explored which information was retained. After two minutes of familiarization with the artificial language, neural entrainment at the word rate emerged, demonstrating rapid learning of the regularities. ERPs in the test phase significantly differed between triplets starting or not with the correct first syllables, but no difference was associated with subsequent violations in transition probabilities. Thus, our results revealed a two-step learning process: neonates segmented the stream based on its statistical regularities, but memory encoding targeted during the word recognition phase entangled the ordinal position of the syllables but was still incomplete at that age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fló
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CNRS ERL 9003, INSERM U992, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette, France.
| | - Lucas Benjamin
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CNRS ERL 9003, INSERM U992, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Marie Palu
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CNRS ERL 9003, INSERM U992, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CNRS ERL 9003, INSERM U992, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette, France
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13
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Peck FC, Gabard-Durnam LJ, Wilkinson CL, Bosl W, Tager-Flusberg H, Nelson CA. Prediction of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis using nonlinear measures of language-related EEG at 6 and 12 months. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:57. [PMID: 34847887 PMCID: PMC8903497 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provides an opportunity for early intervention and improved developmental outcomes. The use of electroencephalography (EEG) in infancy has shown promise in predicting later ASD diagnoses and in identifying neural mechanisms underlying the disorder. Given the high co-morbidity with language impairment, we and others have speculated that infants who are later diagnosed with ASD have altered language learning, including phoneme discrimination. Phoneme learning occurs rapidly in infancy, so altered neural substrates during the first year of life may serve as early, accurate indicators of later autism diagnosis. METHODS Using EEG data collected at two different ages during a passive phoneme task in infants with high familial risk for ASD, we compared the predictive accuracy of a combination of feature selection and machine learning models at 6 months (during native phoneme learning) and 12 months (after native phoneme learning), and we identified a single model with strong predictive accuracy (100%) for both ages. Samples at both ages were matched in size and diagnoses (n = 14 with later ASD; n = 40 without ASD). Features included a combination of power and nonlinear measures across the 10‑20 montage electrodes and 6 frequency bands. Predictive features at each age were compared both by feature characteristics and EEG scalp location. Additional prediction analyses were performed on all EEGs collected at 12 months; this larger sample included 67 HR infants (27 HR-ASD, 40 HR-noASD). RESULTS Using a combination of Pearson correlation feature selection and support vector machine classifier, 100% predictive diagnostic accuracy was observed at both 6 and 12 months. Predictive features differed between the models trained on 6- versus 12-month data. At 6 months, predictive features were biased to measures from central electrodes, power measures, and frequencies in the alpha range. At 12 months, predictive features were more distributed between power and nonlinear measures, and biased toward frequencies in the beta range. However, diagnosis prediction accuracy substantially decreased in the larger, more behaviorally heterogeneous 12-month sample. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that speech processing EEG measures can facilitate earlier identification of ASD but emphasize the need for age-specific predictive models with large sample sizes to develop clinically relevant classification algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleming C Peck
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Laurel J Gabard-Durnam
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Carol L Wilkinson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - William Bosl
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Health Informatics Program, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Helen Tager-Flusberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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14
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Impact of Early Rhythmic Training on Language Acquisition and Electrophysiological Functioning Underlying Auditory Processing: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings in Typically Developing Infants. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111546. [PMID: 34827544 PMCID: PMC8615969 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown that early auditory processing impacts later linguistic development, and targeted training implemented at early ages can enhance auditory processing skills, with better expected language development outcomes. This study focuses on typically developing infants and aims to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of music training based on active synchronization with complex musical rhythms on the linguistic outcomes and electrophysiological functioning underlying auditory processing. Fifteen infants participated in the training (RTr+) and were compared with two groups of infants not attending any structured activities during the same time frame (RTr−, N = 14). At pre- and post-training, expressive and receptive language skills were assessed using standardized tests, and auditory processing skills were characterized through an electrophysiological non-speech multi-feature paradigm. Results reveal that RTr+ infants showed significantly broader improvement in both expressive and receptive pre-language skills. Moreover, at post-training, they presented an electrophysiological pattern characterized by shorter latency of two peaks (N2* and P2), reflecting a neural change detection process: these shifts in latency go beyond those seen due to maturation alone. These results provide preliminary evidence on the efficacy of our training in improving early linguistic competences, and in modifying the neural underpinnings of auditory processing in infants.
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15
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Ellis CT, Skalaban LJ, Yates TS, Bejjanki VR, Córdova NI, Turk-Browne NB. Evidence of hippocampal learning in human infants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3358-3364.e4. [PMID: 34022155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is essential for human memory.1 The protracted maturation of memory capacities from infancy through early childhood2-4 is thus often attributed to hippocampal immaturity.5-7 The hippocampus of human infants has been characterized in terms of anatomy,8,9 but its function has never been tested directly because of technical challenges.10,11 Here, we use recently developed methods for task-based fMRI in awake human infants12 to test the hypothesis that the infant hippocampus supports statistical learning.13-15 Hippocampal activity increased with exposure to visual sequences of objects when the temporal order contained regularities to be learned, compared to when the order was random. Despite the hippocampus doubling in anatomical volume across infancy, learning-related functional activity bore no relationship to age. This suggests that the hippocampus is recruited for statistical learning at the youngest ages in our sample, around 3 months. Within the hippocampus, statistical learning was clearer in anterior than posterior divisions. This is consistent with the theory that statistical learning occurs in the monosynaptic pathway,16 which is more strongly represented in the anterior hippocampus.17,18 The monosynaptic pathway develops earlier than the trisynaptic pathway, which is linked to episodic memory,19,20 raising the possibility that the infant hippocampus participates in statistical learning before it forms durable memories. Beyond the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex showed statistical learning, consistent with its role in adult memory integration21 and generalization.22 These results suggest that the hippocampus supports the vital ability of infants to extract the structure of their environment through experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron T Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lena J Skalaban
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tristan S Yates
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Vikranth R Bejjanki
- Department of Psychology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Natalia I Córdova
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nicholas B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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16
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Choi D, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Peña M, Werker JF. Neural indicators of articulator-specific sensorimotor influences on infant speech perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025043118. [PMID: 33980713 PMCID: PMC8157983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is increasing acceptance that even young infants detect correspondences between heard and seen speech, the common view is that oral-motor movements related to speech production cannot influence speech perception until infants begin to babble or speak. We investigated the extent of multimodal speech influences on auditory speech perception in prebabbling infants who have limited speech-like oral-motor repertoires. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine how sensorimotor influences to the infant's own articulatory movements impact auditory speech perception in 3-mo-old infants. In experiment 1, there were ERP discriminative responses to phonetic category changes across two phonetic contrasts (bilabial-dental /ba/-/ɗa/; dental-retroflex /ɗa/-/ɖa/) in a mismatch paradigm, indicating that infants auditorily discriminated both contrasts. In experiment 2, inhibiting infants' own tongue-tip movements had a disruptive influence on the early ERP discriminative response to the /ɗa/-/ɖa/ contrast only. The same articulatory inhibition had contrasting effects on the perception of the /ba/-/ɗa/ contrast, which requires different articulators (the lips vs. the tongue) during production, and the /ɗa/-/ɖa/ contrast, whereby both phones require tongue-tip movement as a place of articulation. This articulatory distinction between the two contrasts plausibly accounts for the distinct influence of tongue-tip suppression on the neural responses to phonetic category change perception in definitively prebabbling, 3-mo-old, infants. The results showing a specificity in the relation between oral-motor inhibition and phonetic speech discrimination suggest a surprisingly early mapping between auditory and motor speech representation already in prebabbling infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, University Paris-Sud, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Marcela Peña
- Escuela de psicología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Janet F Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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17
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Aberrant auditory system and its developmental implications for autism. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:861-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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François C, Garcia-Alix A, Bosch L, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Signatures of brain plasticity supporting language recovery after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 212:104880. [PMID: 33220646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging methods such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) have already been used to decipher the functional and structural brain changes occurring during normal language development. However, little is known about the differentiation of the language network after an early lesion. While in adults, stroke over the left hemisphere generally induces post-stroke aphasia, it is not always the case when a stroke occurs in the perinatal period, thus revealing a remarkable plastic power of the language network during early development. In particular, the role of perilesional tissues, as opposed to undamaged brain areas in the functional recovery of language functions after an early insult, remains unclear. In this review article, we provide an overview of the extant literature using functional and structural neuroimaging data revealing the signatures of brain plasticity underlying near-normal language development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Alix
- Service of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; NeNe Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bosch
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Raz G, Saxe R. Learning in Infancy Is Active, Endogenously Motivated, and Depends on the Prefrontal Cortices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A common view of learning in infancy emphasizes the role of incidental sensory experiences from which increasingly abstract statistical regularities are extracted. In this view, infant brains initially support basic sensory and motor functions, followed by maturation of higher-level association cortex. Here, we critique this view and posit that, by contrast and more like adults, infants are active, endogenously motivated learners who structure their own learning through flexible selection of attentional targets and active interventions on their environment. We further argue that the infant brain, and particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is well equipped to support these learning behaviors. We review recent progress in characterizing the function of the infant PFC, which suggests that, as in adults, the PFC is functionally specialized and highly connected. Together, we present an integrative account of infant minds and brains, in which the infant PFC represents multiple intrinsic motivations, which are leveraged for active learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Raz
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca Saxe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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20
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Pokorny FB, Bartl-Pokorny KD, Zhang D, Marschik PB, Schuller D, Schuller BW. Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 44:419-436. [PMID: 33088008 PMCID: PMC7561537 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child’s first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to play a role as early indicators of atypical development. Recent advancements in audio signal processing and machine learning have allowed for novel approaches in preverbal behavior analysis including automatic vocalization-based differentiation of typically and atypically developing individuals. In this paper, we give a methodological overview of current strategies for collecting and acoustically representing preverbal data for intelligent audio analysis paradigms. Efficiency in the context of data collection and data representation is discussed. Following current research trends, we set a special focus on challenges that arise when dealing with preverbal data of individuals with late detected developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian B Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing group (MISP), Chair of Human-Machine Communication, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin D Bartl-Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter B Marschik
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn W Schuller
- audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany.,ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,GLAM - Group on Language, Audio & Music, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Pokorny FB, Bartl-Pokorny KD, Zhang D, Marschik PB, Schuller D, Schuller BW. Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 44:419-436. [PMID: 33088008 DOI: 10.1007/sl0919-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child's first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to play a role as early indicators of atypical development. Recent advancements in audio signal processing and machine learning have allowed for novel approaches in preverbal behavior analysis including automatic vocalization-based differentiation of typically and atypically developing individuals. In this paper, we give a methodological overview of current strategies for collecting and acoustically representing preverbal data for intelligent audio analysis paradigms. Efficiency in the context of data collection and data representation is discussed. Following current research trends, we set a special focus on challenges that arise when dealing with preverbal data of individuals with late detected developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian B Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing group (MISP), Chair of Human-Machine Communication, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin D Bartl-Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter B Marschik
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn W Schuller
- audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany
- ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- GLAM - Group on Language, Audio & Music, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Karami M, Nilipour R, Barekatain M, Gaillard WD. Language representation and presurgical language mapping in pediatric epilepsy: A narrative review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2020; 14:7-18. [PMID: 32952578 PMCID: PMC7468084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common neurological diseases in children, epilepsy affects 0.9-2% of children. Complex interactions among the etiologies of epilepsy, interictal discharges, seizures, and antiepileptic drugs lead to cognitive impairments in children with epilepsy. Since epilepsy is considered as a network disorder, in which seizures have a widespread impact on many parts of the brain, childhood epilepsy can even affect the normal development of language. About 25% of children with epilepsy do not respond to medications; therefore, brain surgery is considered as a treatment option for some of them. Presurgical neuropsychological evaluations including language mapping are recommended to preserve cognitive and language abilities of patients after surgery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging as a non-invasive technique for presurgical language mapping has been widely recommended in many epileptic centers. The present study reviewed language representation and presurgical language mapping in children with epilepsy. Mapping language in children with epilepsy helps to localize the epileptogenic zone, and also, to predict the cognitive outcome of epilepsy surgery and possible cognitive rehabilitation. This review collected information about language representation and language mapping in pediatric epilepsy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Karami
- PhD of Cognitive Science of Language, ICSS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nilipour
- Emeritus Professor of Neurolinguistics and Clinical Linguistics, Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Barekatain
- Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - William D Gaillard
- Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC. USA
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23
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Liu J, Tsang T, Jackson L, Ponting C, Jeste SS, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M. Altered lateralization of dorsal language tracts in 6-week-old infants at risk for autism. Dev Sci 2019; 22:e12768. [PMID: 30372577 PMCID: PMC6470045 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered structural connectivity has been identified as a possible biomarker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in the developing brain. Core features of ASD include impaired social communication and early language delay. Thus, examining white matter tracts associated with language may lend further insight into early signs of ASD risk and the mechanisms that underlie language impairments associated with the disorder. Evidence of altered structural connectivity has previously been detected in 6-month-old infants at high familial risk for developing ASD. However, as language processing begins in utero, differences in structural connectivity between language regions may be present in the early infant brain shortly after birth. Here we investigated key white matter pathways of the dorsal language network in 6-week-old infants at high (HR) and low (LR) risk for ASD to identify atypicalities in structural connectivity that may predict altered developmental trajectories prior to overt language delays and the onset of ASD symptomatology. Compared to HR infants, LR infants showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF); in contrast, in the right SLF, HR infants showed higher FA than LR infants. Additionally, HR infants showed more rightward lateralization of the SLF. Across both groups, measures of FA and lateralization of these pathways at 6 weeks of age were related to later language development at 18 months of age as well as ASD symptomatology at 36 months of age. These findings indicate that early differences in the structure of language pathways may provide an early predictor of future language development and ASD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Liu
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tawny Tsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Ponting
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shafali S. Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Y. Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cantiani C, Ortiz-Mantilla S, Riva V, Piazza C, Bettoni R, Musacchia G, Molteni M, Marino C, Benasich AA. Reduced left-lateralized pattern of event-related EEG oscillations in infants at familial risk for language and learning impairment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101778. [PMID: 30901712 PMCID: PMC6428938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly discriminate successive auditory stimuli within tens-of-milliseconds is crucial for speech and language development, particularly in the first year of life. This skill, called Rapid Auditory Processing (RAP), is altered in infants at familial risk for language and learning impairment (LLI) and is a robust predictor of later language outcomes. In the present study, we investigate the neural substrates of RAP, i.e., the underlying neural oscillatory patterns, in a group of Italian 6-month-old infants at risk for LLI (FH+, n = 24), compared to control infants with no known family history of LLI (FH−, n = 32). Brain responses to rapid changes in fundamental frequency and duration were recorded via high-density electroencephalogram during a non-speech double oddball paradigm. Sources of event-related potential generators were localized to right and left auditory regions in both FH+ and FH− groups. Time-frequency analyses showed variations in both theta (Ɵ) and gamma (ɣ) ranges across groups. Our results showed that overall RAP stimuli elicited a more left-lateralized pattern of oscillations in FH− infants, whereas FH+ infants demonstrated a more right-lateralized pattern, in both the theta and gamma frequency bands. Interestingly, FH+ infants showed reduced early left gamma power (starting at 50 ms after stimulus onset) during deviant discrimination. Perturbed oscillatory dynamics may well constitute a candidate neural mechanism to explain group differences in RAP. Additional group differences in source location suggest that anatomical variations may underlie differences in oscillatory activity. Regarding the predictive value of early oscillatory measures, we found that the amplitude of the source response and the magnitude of oscillatory power and phase synchrony were predictive of expressive vocabulary at 20 months of age. These results further our understanding of the interplay among neural mechanisms that support typical and atypical rapid auditory processing in infancy. Neural sources of RAP in infancy were identified at right/left auditory regions. FH− infants demonstrated a mature left-lateralized pattern of neural oscillations. FH+ infants demonstrated a more right-lateralized pattern of neural oscillations. FH+ infants showed reduced left gamma power during rapid auditory discrimination. Source and oscillatory measures are both associated with later language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cantiani
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | | | - Valentina Riva
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Bioengineering Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Roberta Bettoni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Musacchia
- Department of Audiology, University of the Pacific, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, USA
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marino
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - April A Benasich
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, USA
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Abstract
It is clear that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) contributes in some fashion to sentence processing. While neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence support a domain-general working memory function, recent neuroimaging data show that particular subregions of the LIFG, particularly the pars triangularis (pTri), show selective activation for sentences relative to verbal working memory and cognitive control tasks. These data suggest a language-specific function rather than a domain-general one. To resolve this apparent conflict, I propose separating claims of domain-generality and specificity independently for computations and representations-a given brain region may respond to a specific representation while performing a general computation over that representation, one shared with other systems. I hypothesize that the pTri underlies a language-specific working memory system, comprised of general memory retrieval/attention operations specialized for syntactic representations. There is a parallelism of top-down retrieval function among the phonological and semantic levels, localized to the pars opercularis and pars orbitalis, respectively. I further explore the idea of how such a system emerges in the human brain through the framework of neuronal retuning: the "borrowing" of domain-general mechanisms for language, either in evolution or development. The empirical data appear to tentatively support a developmental account of language-specificity in the pTri, possibly through connections to the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a region that is both anatomically distinct for humans and functionally essential for language. Evidence of representational response specificity obtained from neuroimaging studies is useful in understanding how cognition is implemented in the brain. However, understanding the shared computations across domains and neural systems is necessary for a fuller understanding of this problem, providing potential answers to questions of how specialized systems, such as language, are implemented in the brain.
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Does shape affect function? Articulatory skills in babbling of infants with deformational plagiocephaly. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:503-510. [PMID: 28875353 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyse pre-speech/early language skills in healthy full-term infants with moderate or severe deformational plagiocephaly (DP) and in infants without any skull asymmetry. METHODS At 6 and 12 months, 51 children with DP (41 moderate, 10 severe cases) were studied, along with 15 infants serving as control. Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) was objectively determined based on cranial vault asymmetry (CVA) using 3D stereophotogrammetry (3dMDhead System® and Analytics 4.0, Cranioform®). Articulatory skills in babbling were assessed using the articulatory skill (ART-index) and mean syllable number (MSN). At 12 months, standardized parental questionnaires were used to evaluate early language outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 3546 vocalizations were studied. Statistical tests did not reveal any significant differences of the ART-index between the three groups (ANOVA, F[2,63] = 0.24, p = 0.24). MSN likewise did not differ between the three shape groups (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.84). Among the children assigned to the at-risk group for language outcomes at 12 months were seven members of the symmetrical shape group (vs. seven assigned to the normally developing group), nine of the moderate DP group (vs. 27), and one of the severe DP group (vs. six). Fisher's exact test was used to analyse whether helmet therapy in the moderate DP group affected the results by influencing language outcomes, but did not reveal any significant influence (p = 0.712). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support arguments suggesting that DP is a cognitive risk condition. The suggestion that a direct neurophysiological relationship exists between a DP condition and a cognitive developmental delay remains controversial.
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