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Alfano AI, Pelliccia S, Rossino G, Chianese O, Summa V, Collina S, Brindisi M. Continuous-Flow Technology for Chemical Rearrangements: A Powerful Tool to Generate Pharmaceutically Relevant Compounds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:326-337. [PMID: 36923914 PMCID: PMC10009796 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy, safety, and scale-up of several chemical rearrangements remain unsolved problems due to the associated handling of hazardous, toxic, and pollutant chemicals and high-risk intermediates. For many years batch processes have been considered the only possibility to drive these reactions, but continuous-flow technology has emerged, for both academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies, as a powerful tool for easy, controlled, and safer chemistry protocols, helping to minimize the formation of side products and increase reaction yields. This Technology Note summarizes recently reported chemical rearrangements using continuous-flow approaches, with a focus on Curtius, Hofmann, and Schmidt reactions. Flow protocols, general advantages and safety aspects, and reaction scope for the generation of both privileged scaffolds and active pharmaceutical ingredients will be showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orazio Chianese
- Genetic S.p.A., Via Canfora, 64, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy (DoE 2023-2027), University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Mallia CJ, McCreanor NG, Legg DH, Stewart CR, Coppock S, Ashworth IW, Le Bars J, Clarke A, Clemens G, Fisk H, Benson H, Oke S, Churchill T, Hoyle M, Timms L, Vare K, Sims M, Knight S. Development and Manufacture of a Curtius Rearrangement Using Continuous Flow towards the Large-Scale Manufacture of AZD7648. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Mallia
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Niall G. McCreanor
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Daniel H. Legg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Craig R. Stewart
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Sarah Coppock
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ian W. Ashworth
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Joël Le Bars
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Adam Clarke
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Graeme Clemens
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Heidi Fisk
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Helen Benson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Samantha Oke
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Trevor Churchill
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mark Hoyle
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Lee Timms
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Kevin Vare
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Martin Sims
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Steven Knight
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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Domański M, Žurauskas J, Barham JP. Tunable Microwave Flow System for Scalable Synthesis of Alkyl Imidazolium-type Ionic Liquids. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Domański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Jonas Žurauskas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
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Baumann M, Moody TS, Smyth M, Wharry S. Interrupted Curtius Rearrangements of Quaternary Proline Derivatives: A Flow Route to Acyclic Ketones and Unsaturated Pyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14199-14206. [PMID: 34170701 PMCID: PMC8524412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Conversion of N-Boc-protected quaternary proline
derivatives under thermal Curtius rearrangement conditions was found
to afford a series of ring-opened ketone and unsaturated pyrrolidine
products instead of the expected carbamate species. The nature of
the substituent on the quaternary carbon thereby governs the product
outcome due to the stability of a postulated N-acyliminium
species. A continuous flow process with in-line scavenging was furthermore
developed to streamline this transformation and safely create products
on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield D04 N2E2, Ireland
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom.,Arran Chemical Company, Roscommon N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Megan Smyth
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Wharry
- Department of Technology, Almac Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
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