1
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De Vleeschauwer SI, van de Ven M, Oudin A, Debusschere K, Connor K, Byrne AT, Ram D, Rhebergen AM, Raeves YD, Dahlhoff M, Dangles-Marie V, Hermans ER. OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:2571-2596. [PMID: 38992214 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and reporting (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE)) of animal experiments do not provide a clear and standardized approach for refinement during in vivo cancer studies, resulting in the publication of generic methodological sections that poorly reflect the attempts made at accurately monitoring different pathologies. Compliance with the 3Rs guidelines has mainly focused on reduction and replacement; however, refinement has been harder to implement. The Oncology Best-practices: Signs, Endpoints and Refinements for in Vivo Experiments (OBSERVE) guidelines are the result of a European initiative supported by EurOPDX and INFRAFRONTIER, and aim to facilitate the refinement of studies using in vivo cancer models by offering robust and practical recommendations on approaches to research scientists and animal care staff. We listed cancer-specific clinical signs as a reference point and from there developed sets of guidelines for a wide variety of rodent models, including genetically engineered models and patient derived xenografts. In this Consensus Statement, we systematically and comprehensively address refinement and monitoring approaches during the design and execution of murine cancer studies. We elaborate on the appropriate preparation of tumor-initiating biologicals and the refinement of tumor-implantation methods. We describe the clinical signs to monitor associated with tumor growth, the appropriate follow-up of animals tailored to varying clinical signs and humane endpoints, and an overview of severity assessment in relation to clinical signs, implantation method and tumor characteristics. The guidelines provide oncology researchers clear and robust guidance for the refinement of in vivo cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karlijn Debusschere
- Animal Core Facility VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Core ARTH Animal Facilities, Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Connor
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doreen Ram
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Els R Hermans
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Giansante G, Mazzoleni S, Zippo AG, Ponzoni L, Ghilardi A, Maiellano G, Lewerissa E, van Hugte E, Nadif Kasri N, Francolini M, Sala M, Murru L, Bassani S, Passafaro M. Neuronal network activity and connectivity are impaired in a conditional knockout mouse model with PCDH19 mosaic expression. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1710-1725. [PMID: 36997609 PMCID: PMC11371655 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in PCDH19 gene, which encodes protocadherin-19 (PCDH19), cause Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy 9 (DEE9). Heterogeneous loss of PCDH19 expression in neurons is considered a key determinant of the disorder; however, how PCDH19 mosaic expression affects neuronal network activity and circuits is largely unclear. Here, we show that the hippocampus of Pcdh19 mosaic mice is characterized by structural and functional synaptic defects and by the presence of PCDH19-negative hyperexcitable neurons. Furthermore, global reduction of network firing rate and increased neuronal synchronization have been observed in different limbic system areas. Finally, network activity analysis in freely behaving mice revealed a decrease in excitatory/inhibitory ratio and functional hyperconnectivity within the limbic system of Pcdh19 mosaic mice. Altogether, these results indicate that altered PCDH19 expression profoundly affects circuit wiring and functioning, and provide new key to interpret DEE9 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Mazzoleni
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio G Zippo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Anna Ghilardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Greta Maiellano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Elly Lewerissa
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Hugte
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Murru
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bassani
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Passafaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
- NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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3
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Moreira R, Nóbrega C, de Almeida LP, Mendonça L. Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:260. [PMID: 38760847 PMCID: PMC11100082 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by extensive loss of function or death of brain cells, hampering the life quality of patients. Brain-targeted drug delivery is challenging, with a low success rate this far. Therefore, the application of targeting ligands in drug vehicles, such as lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, holds the promise to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and direct therapies to the brain, in addition to protect their cargo from degradation and metabolization. In this review, we discuss the barriers to brain delivery and the different types of brain-targeting ligands currently in use in brain-targeted nanoparticles, such as peptides, proteins, aptamers, small molecules, and antibodies. Moreover, we present a detailed review of the different targeting ligands used to direct nanoparticles to specific brain cells, like neurons (C4-3 aptamer, neurotensin, Tet-1, RVG, and IKRG peptides), astrocytes (Aquaporin-4, D4, and Bradykinin B2 antibodies), oligodendrocytes (NG-2 antibody and the biotinylated DNA aptamer conjugated to a streptavidin core Myaptavin-3064), microglia (CD11b antibody), neural stem cells (QTRFLLH, VPTQSSG, and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptides), and to endothelial cells of the BBB (transferrin and insulin proteins, and choline). Reports demonstrated enhanced brain-targeted delivery with improved transport to the specific cell type targeted with the conjugation of these ligands to nanoparticles. Hence, this strategy allows the implementation of high-precision medicine, with reduced side effects or unwanted therapy clearance from the body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of some of these nanoparticles in peripheral organs has been reported indicating that there are still factors to be improved to achieve higher levels of brain targeting. This review is a collection of studies exploring targeting ligands for the delivery of nanoparticles to the brain and we highlight the advantages and limitations of this type of approach in precision therapies.
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Grants
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal.
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal.
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4
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Suryavanshi P, Langton R, Fairhead K, Glykys J. Brief and diverse excitotoxic insults cause an increase in neuronal nuclear membrane permeability in the neonatal brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.22.554167. [PMID: 37662276 PMCID: PMC10473591 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal swelling after excitotoxic insults is implicated in neuronal injury and death in the developing brain, yet mitigating brain edema with osmotic and surgical interventions yields poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, neuronal swelling and its downstream consequences during early brain development remain poorly investigated. Using multiphoton Ca2+ imaging in vivo (P12-17) and in acute brain slices (P8-12), we explored Ca2+-dependent downstream effects after neuronal cytotoxic edema. We observed the translocation of cytosolic GCaMP6s into the nucleus of a subpopulation of neurons minutes after various excitotoxic insults. We used automated morphology-detection algorithms for neuronal segmentation and quantified the nuclear translocation of GCaMP6s as the ratio of nuclear and cytosolic intensity (N/C ratio). Elevated neuronal N/C ratios were correlated to higher Ca2+ loads and could occur independently of neuronal swelling. Electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear translocation was associated with increased nuclear pore size. Inhibiting calpains prevented elevated N/C ratios and neuronal swelling. Thus, our results indicate altered nuclear transport in a subpopulation of neurons shortly after injury in the developing brain, which can be used as an early biomarker of acute neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Suryavanshi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - R Langton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - K Fairhead
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - J Glykys
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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5
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He Y, Liu T, He Q, Ke W, Li X, Du J, Deng S, Shu Z, Wu J, Yang B, Wang Y, Mao Y, Rao Y, Shu Y, Peng B. Microglia facilitate and stabilize the response to general anesthesia via modulating the neuronal network in a brain region-specific manner. eLife 2023; 12:RP92252. [PMID: 38131301 PMCID: PMC10746144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia leads to a loss of consciousness and an unrousable state in patients. Although general anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The potential involvement of nonneuronal cells is unknown. Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles in CNS function and dysfunction. We unintentionally observed delayed anesthesia induction and early anesthesia emergence in microglia-depleted mice. We found that microglial depletion differentially regulates neuronal activities by suppressing the neuronal network of anesthesia-activated brain regions and activating emergence-activated brain regions. Thus, microglia facilitate and stabilize the anesthesia status. This influence is not mediated by dendritic spine plasticity. Instead, it relies on the activation of microglial P2Y12 and subsequent calcium influx, which facilitates the general anesthesia response. Together, we elucidate the regulatory role of microglia in general anesthesia, extending our knowledge of how nonneuronal cells modulate neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Quansheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinjin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Suixin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenfeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jialin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baozhi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanxia Rao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Co-Innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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6
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Balena T, Lillis K, Rahmati N, Bahari F, Dzhala V, Berdichevsky E, Staley K. A Dynamic Balance between Neuronal Death and Clearance in an in Vitro Model of Acute Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6084-6107. [PMID: 37527922 PMCID: PMC10451151 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0436-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In in vitro models of acute brain injury, neuronal death may overwhelm the capacity for microglial phagocytosis, creating a queue of dying neurons awaiting clearance. Neurons undergoing programmed cell death are in this queue, and are the most visible and frequently quantified measure of neuronal death after injury. However, the size of this queue should be equally sensitive to changes in neuronal death and the rate of phagocytosis. Using rodent organotypic hippocampal slice cultures as a model of acute perinatal brain injury, serial imaging demonstrated that the capacity for microglial phagocytosis of dying neurons was overwhelmed for 2 weeks. Altering phagocytosis rates (e.g., by changing the number of microglia) dramatically changed the number of visibly dying neurons. Similar effects were generated when the visibility of dying neurons was altered by changing the membrane permeability for stains that label dying neurons. Canonically neuroprotective interventions, such as seizure blockade, and neurotoxic maneuvers, such as perinatal ethanol exposure, were mediated by effects on microglial activity and the membrane permeability of neurons undergoing programmed cell death. These canonically neuroprotective and neurotoxic interventions had either no or opposing effects on healthy surviving neurons identified by the ongoing expression of transgenic fluorescent proteins.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In in vitro models of acute brain injury, microglial phagocytosis is overwhelmed by the number of dying cells. Under these conditions, the assumptions on which assays for neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects are based are no longer valid. Thus, longitudinal assays of healthy cells, such as serial assessment of the fluorescence emission of transgenically expressed proteins, provide more accurate estimates of cell death than do single-time point anatomic or biochemical assays of the number of dying neurons. More accurate estimates of death rates in vitro will increase the translatability of preclinical studies of neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Balena
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Kyle Lillis
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Fatemeh Bahari
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Volodymyr Dzhala
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eugene Berdichevsky
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Kevin Staley
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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7
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Rosato PC, Lotfi-Emran S, Joag V, Wijeyesinghe S, Quarnstrom CF, Degefu HN, Nedellec R, Schenkel JM, Beura LK, Hangartner L, Burton DR, Masopust D. Tissue-resident memory T cells trigger rapid exudation and local antibody accumulation. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:17-26. [PMID: 36657662 PMCID: PMC10338064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is didactically partitioned into humoral and cell-mediated effector mechanisms, which may imply that each arm is separate and does not function together. Here, we report that the activation of CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM) in nonlymphoid tissues triggers vascular permeability, which facilitates rapid distribution of serum antibodies into local tissues. TRM reactivation was associated with transcriptional upregulation of antiviral signaling pathways as well as Fc receptors and components of the complement cascade. Effects were local, but evidence is presented that TRM in brain and reproductive mucosa are both competent to induce rapid antibody exudation. TRM reactivation in the mouse female genital tract increased local concentrations of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies, including anti-vesicular stomatitis virus, and passively transferred anti-HIV antibodies. We showed that this response was sufficient to increase the efficacy of ex vivo vesicular stomatitis virus neutralization. These results indicate that CD8+ TRM antigen recognition can enhance local humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C Rosato
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sahar Lotfi-Emran
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clare F Quarnstrom
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hanna N Degefu
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Schenkel
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lalit K Beura
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Brown University, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Masopust
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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8
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Vadla GP, Ricardez Hernandez SM, Mao J, Garro-Kacher MO, Lorson ZC, Rice RP, Hansen SA, Lorson CL, Singh K, Lorson MA. ABT1 modifies SMARD1 pathology via interactions with IGHMBP2 and stimulation of ATPase and helicase activity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164608. [PMID: 36480289 PMCID: PMC9977310 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMA with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2S (CMT2S) are results of mutations in immunoglobulin mu DNA binding protein 2 (IGHMBP2). IGHMBP2 is a UPF1-like helicase with proposed roles in several cellular processes, including translation. This study examines activator of basal transcription 1 (ABT1), a modifier of SMARD1-nmd disease pathology. Microscale thermophoresis and dynamic light scattering demonstrate that IGHMBP2 and ABT1 proteins directly interact with high affinity. The association of ABT1 with IGHMBP2 significantly increases the ATPase and helicase activity as well as the processivity of IGHMBP2. The IGHMBP2/ABT1 complex interacts with the 47S pre-rRNA 5' external transcribed spacer and U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), suggesting that the IGHMBP2/ABT1 complex is important for pre-rRNA processing. Intracerebroventricular injection of scAAV9-Abt1 decreases FVB-Ighmbp2nmd/nmd disease pathology, significantly increases lifespan, and substantially decreases neuromuscular junction denervation. To our knowledge, ABT1 is the first disease-modifying gene identified for SMARD1. We provide a mechanism proposing that ABT1 decreases disease pathology in FVB-Ighmbp2nmd/nmd mutants by optimizing IGHMBP2 biochemical activity (ATPase and helicase activity). Our studies provide insight into SMARD1 pathogenesis, suggesting that ABT1 modifies IGHMBP2 activity as a means to regulate pre-rRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhar P. Vadla
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara M. Ricardez Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mona O. Garro-Kacher
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zachary C. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronin P. Rice
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hansen
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian L. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kamal Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Monique A. Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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9
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Oh S, Gu EY, Han JS, Lee BS, Moon KS, Kim YB, Han KH. Tumorigenicity Assessment of Human Cancer Cell Lines Xenografted on Immunodeficient Mice as Positive Controls of Tumorigenicity Testing. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:476-487. [PMID: 36069520 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies and genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 make regenerative medicines promising for curing diseases previously thought to be incurable. However, the possibility of off-target effects during genome editing and the nature of hPSCs, which can differentiate into any cell type and infinitely proliferate, inevitably raises concerns about tumorigenicity. Tumorigenicity acts as a major obstacle to the application of hPSC-derived and gene therapy products in clinical practice. Thus, regulatory authorities demand mandatory tumorigenicity testing as a key pre-clinical safety step for the products. In the tumorigenicity testing, regulatory guidelines request to include human cancer cell line injected positive control group (PC) animals, which must form tumors. As the validity of the whole test is determined by the tumor-forming rates (typically above 90%) of PC animals, establishing the stable tumorigenic condition of PC animals is critical for successful testing. We conducted several studies to establish the proper positive control conditions, including dose, administration routes, and the selection of cell lines, in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations and/or guidelines, which are essential for pre-clinical safety tests of therapeutic materials. We expect that our findings provide insights and practical information to create a successful tumorigenicity test and its guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Oh
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Gu
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Han
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, 443298Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Octadecaneuropeptide Alleviates Motor and Cognitive Impairments in Neonatal Rats Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1636-1645. [PMID: 35556218 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is among the leading causes of neonatal brain injury. ODN, a peptide derived from diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), has potent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. It remains unclear, however, whether ODN is an effective treatment for HIBD. Here, we reported that treatment with ODN (10 ng/day, i.c.v.) alleviated the deficits in myodynamia and motor coordination and cognitive functions in HIBD. Meanwhile, ODN prevented the neuronal loss in the cortex and hippocampus in HIBD rats. In addition, ODN decreased ROS by generating less oxidants and more antioxidants, as reflected by a dramatic increase in total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase, and catalase and a marked decrease in H2O2 and total nitric oxide synthase. Collectively, these data show ODN alleviates neuron injury and motor and memory deficits by attenuating ROS production and could be used as a novel molecular for treating HIBD.
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11
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Plumbagin Alleviates Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Induced Depression-like Behavior and Memory Deficits in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061834. [PMID: 35335195 PMCID: PMC8955906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin, a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, confers neuroprotection via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to assess the effect of plumbagin on behavioral and memory deficits induced by intrahippocampal administration of Quinolinic acid (QA) in male Wistar rats and reveal the associated mechanisms. QA (300 nM/4 μL in Normal saline) was administered i.c.v. in the hippocampus. QA administration caused depression-like behavior (forced swim test and tail suspension tests), anxiety-like behavior (open field test and elevated plus maze), and elevated anhedonia behavior (sucrose preference test). Furthermore, oxidative–nitrosative stress (increased nitrite content and lipid peroxidation with reduction of GSH), inflammation (increased IL-1β), cholinergic dysfunction, and mitochondrial complex (I, II, and IV) dysfunction were observed in the hippocampus region of QA-treated rats as compared to normal controls. Plumbagin (10 and 20 mg/kg; p.o.) treatment for 21 days significantly ameliorated behavioral and memory deficits in QA-administered rats. Moreover, plumbagin treatment restored the GSH level and reduced the MDA and nitrite level in the hippocampus. Furthermore, QA-induced cholinergic dysfunction and mitochondrial impairment were found to be ameliorated by plumbagin treatment. In conclusion, our results suggested that plumbagin offers a neuroprotective potential that could serve as a promising pharmacological approach to mitigate neurobehavioral changes associated with neurodegeneration.
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12
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Tasset A, Bellamkonda A, Wang W, Pyatnitskiy I, Ward D, Peppas N, Wang H. Overcoming barriers in non-viral gene delivery for neurological applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3698-3719. [PMID: 35195645 PMCID: PMC9036591 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy for neurological disorders has attracted significant interest as a way to reverse or stop various disease pathologies. Typical gene therapies involving the central and peripheral nervous system make use of adeno-associated viral vectors whose questionable safety and limitations in manufacturing has given rise to extensive research into non-viral vectors. While early research studies have demonstrated limited efficacy with these non-viral vectors, investigation into various vector materials and functionalization methods has provided insight into ways to optimize these non-viral vectors to improve desired characteristics such as improved blood-brain barrier transcytosis, improved perfusion in brain region, enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape in neural cells, and nuclear transport of genetic material post- intracellular delivery. Using a combination of various strategies to enhance non-viral vectors, research groups have designed multi-functional vectors that have been successfully used in a variety of pre-clinical applications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, brain cancers, and cellular reprogramming for neuron replacement. While more work is needed in the design of these multi-functional non-viral vectors for neural applications, much of the groundwork has been done and is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tasset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Arjun Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Deidra Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Nicholas Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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13
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Effects of antibiotics on the developing enamel in neonatal mice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:159-168. [PMID: 34716571 PMCID: PMC8926962 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying factors causing Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is an ongoing challenge. Preterm infants, routinely treated with antibiotics in cases of suspected sepsis, are more commonly affected by dental developmental defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gentamycin and ampicillin on the developing enamel in neonatal CD-1 mice in vivo. METHODS Neonatal mice were randomized into a study (n = 36) and a control (n = 35) group. Antibiotics were injected intravenously for 4 days. All mice were sacrificed after 15-18 days. Micro-CT was used to analyse the mineral density (MD) of the enamel and the proportion of the enamel object volume (vol%) in first molars and incisors. RESULTS We demonstrated a significantly lower vol% enamel in the maxillary (30.9% vs. 32.7%; p = 0.004) and mandibular (32.5% vs. 34.6%; p = 0.015) molars in the study group than in the controls. The incisors were divided into segments upon analysis. We demonstrated both lower vol% and lower MD of the enamel in most segments in treated individuals compared to controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The reduced MD and vol% in the molars and incisors are likely to have been caused by the antibiotics given during tooth development. The presented analysis of teeth in neonatal mice with micro-CT could be a valid model for further research on dental developmental defects.
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14
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Abiusi E, Infante P, Cagnoli C, Lospinoso Severini L, Pane M, Coratti G, Pera MC, D'Amico A, Diano F, Novelli A, Spartano S, Fiori S, Baranello G, Moroni I, Mora M, Pasanisi MB, Pocino K, Le Pera L, D'Amico D, Travaglini L, Ria F, Bruno C, Locatelli D, Bertini ES, Morandi LO, Mercuri E, Di Marcotullio L, Tiziano FD. SMA-miRs (miR-181a-5p, -324-5p, and -451a) are overexpressed in spinal muscular atrophy skeletal muscle and serum samples. eLife 2021; 10:68054. [PMID: 34542403 PMCID: PMC8486378 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of the second motor neuron. The phenotype ranges from very severe to very mild forms. All patients have the homozygous loss of the SMN1 gene and a variable number of SMN2 (generally 2–4 copies), inversely related to the severity. The amazing results of the available treatments have made compelling the need of prognostic biomarkers to predict the progression trajectories of patients. Besides the SMN2 products, few other biomarkers have been evaluated so far, including some miRs. Methods: We performed whole miRNome analysis of muscle samples of patients and controls (14 biopsies and 9 cultures). The levels of muscle differentially expressed miRs were evaluated in serum samples (51 patients and 37 controls) and integrated with SMN2 copies, SMN2 full-length transcript levels in blood and age (SMA-score). Results: Over 100 miRs were differentially expressed in SMA muscle; 3 of them (hsa-miR-181a-5p, -324-5p, -451a; SMA-miRs) were significantly upregulated in the serum of patients. The severity predicted by the SMA-score was related to that of the clinical classification at a correlation coefficient of 0.87 (p<10-5). Conclusions: miRNome analyses suggest the primary involvement of skeletal muscle in SMA pathogenesis. The SMA-miRs are likely actively released in the blood flow; their function and target cells require to be elucidated. The accuracy of the SMA-score needs to be verified in replicative studies: if confirmed, its use could be crucial for the routine prognostic assessment, also in presymptomatic patients. Funding: Telethon Italia (grant #GGP12116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Abiusi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cagnoli
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marika Pane
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Dept. Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Diano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Agnese Novelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Spartano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Fiori
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Barbara Pasanisi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Loredana Le Pera
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, Bari, Italy.,CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide D'Amico
- Amazentis SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Losanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Dept. Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Denise Locatelli
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Dept. Neurosciences, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Ovidia Morandi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy.,Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Danilo Tiziano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Genomic Medicine, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory science and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario IRCCS "A. Gemelli", Rome, Italy
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15
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Ferris CF. Rethinking the Conditions and Mechanism for Glymphatic Clearance. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:624690. [PMID: 33897347 PMCID: PMC8060639 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.624690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical studies that form the foundation of the glymphatic system and the clearance of metabolic by-products of unwanted proteins from the brain are reviewed. Concerns are raised about studying glymphatic flow in anesthetized animals and making assumptions about the whole brain based upon data collected from a cranial window on the cortex. A new model is proposed arguing that the flow of cerebral spinal fluid and parenchymal clearance in the perivascular system of unwanted proteins is regulated by circadian changes in brain temperature and blood flow at the level of the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Ferris
- Department Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Courtland JL, Bradshaw TWA, Waitt G, Soderblom EJ, Ho T, Rajab A, Vancini R, Kim IH, Soderling SH. Genetic disruption of WASHC4 drives endo-lysosomal dysfunction and cognitive-movement impairments in mice and humans. eLife 2021; 10:e61590. [PMID: 33749590 PMCID: PMC7984842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homology (WASH) complex subunit, SWIP, is implicated in human intellectual disability, but the cellular etiology of this association is unknown. We identify the neuronal WASH complex proteome, revealing a network of endosomal proteins. To uncover how dysfunction of endosomal SWIP leads to disease, we generate a mouse model of the human WASHC4c.3056C>G mutation. Quantitative spatial proteomics analysis of SWIPP1019R mouse brain reveals that this mutation destabilizes the WASH complex and uncovers significant perturbations in both endosomal and lysosomal pathways. Cellular and histological analyses confirm that SWIPP1019R results in endo-lysosomal disruption and uncover indicators of neurodegeneration. We find that SWIPP1019R not only impacts cognition, but also causes significant progressive motor deficits in mice. A retrospective analysis of SWIPP1019R patients reveals similar movement deficits in humans. Combined, these findings support the model that WASH complex destabilization, resulting from SWIPP1019R, drives cognitive and motor impairments via endo-lysosomal dysfunction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Courtland
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Tyler WA Bradshaw
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Greg Waitt
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Tricia Ho
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Anna Rajab
- Burjeel Hospital, VPS HealthcareMuscatOman
| | - Ricardo Vancini
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Il Hwan Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Heath Science CenterMemphisUnited States
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
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17
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Zhao MJ, Wang MY, Ma L, Ahmad KA, Wang YX. Bulleyaconitine A Inhibits Morphine-Induced Withdrawal Symptoms, Conditioned Place Preference, and Locomotor Sensitization Via Microglial Dynorphin A Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620926. [PMID: 33716748 PMCID: PMC7953057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulleyaconitine A (BAA), a C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, has been prescribed as a nonnarcotic analgesic to treat chronic pain over four decades in China. The present study investigated its inhibition in morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization, and then explored the underlying mechanisms of actions. Multiple daily injections of morphine but not BAA up to 300 μg/kg/day into mice evoked naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms (i.e., shakes, jumps, genital licks, fecal excretion and body weight loss), CPP expression, and locomotor sensitization. Single subcutaneous BAA injection (30–300 μg/kg) dose-dependently and completely attenuated morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, with ED50 values of 74.4 and 105.8 μg/kg in shakes and body weight loss, respectively. Subcutaneous BAA (300 μg/kg) also totally alleviated morphine-induced CPP acquisition and expression and locomotor sensitization. Furthermore, subcutaneous BAA injection also specifically stimulated dynorphin A expression in microglia but not astrocytes or neurons in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampal, measured for gene and protein expression and double immunofluorescence staining. In addition, subcutaneous BAA-inhibited morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms and CPP expression were totally blocked by the microglial metabolic inhibitor minocycline, dynorphin A antiserum, or specific KOR antagonist GNTI, given intracerebroventricularly. These results, for the first time, illustrate that BAA attenuates morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, CPP expression, and locomotor sensitization by stimulation of microglial dynorphin A expression in the brain, suggesting that BAA may be a potential candidate for treatment of opioids-induced physical dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jing Zhao
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi-Ya Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ma
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Khalil Ali Ahmad
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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18
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Fernandes F, Dias-Teixeira M, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Critical Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Carriers of Neuroprotective Drugs and Extracts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:563. [PMID: 33668341 PMCID: PMC7996241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biggest obstacle to the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) is the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physical barrier that regulates the entry of substances into the brain and ensures the homeostasis of the CNS. This review summarizes current research on lipid-based nanoparticles for the nanoencapsulation of neuroprotective compounds. A survey of studies on nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoliposomes/nanophytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)/nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was carried out and is discussed herein, with particular emphasis upon their unique characteristics, the most important parameters influencing the formulation of each one, and examples of neuroprotective compounds/extracts nanoencapsulated using these nanoparticles. Gastrointestinal absorption is also discussed, as it may pose some obstacles for the absorption of free and nanoencapsulated neuroprotective compounds into the bloodstream, consequently hampering drug concentration in the brain. The transport mechanisms through which compounds or nanoparticles may cross BBB into the brain parenchyma, and the potential to increase drug bioavailability, are also discussed. Additionally, factors contributing to BBB disruption and neurodegeneration are described. Finally, the advantages of, and obstacles to, conventional and unconventional routes of administration to deliver nanoencapsulated neuroprotective drugs to the brain are also discussed, taking into account the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, onset of action, ability to bypass the BBB and concentration of the drug in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
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19
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Boscher E, Goupil C, Petry S, Keraudren R, Loiselle A, Planel E, Hébert SS. MicroRNA-138 Overexpression Alters Aβ42 Levels and Behavior in Wildtype Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:591138. [PMID: 33519353 PMCID: PMC7840584 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.591138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by changes in cognitive and behavioral functions. With the exception or rare mutations in PSEN and APP genes causing early-onset autosomal dominant AD (EOADAD), little is known about the genetic factors that underlie the vast majority (>95%) of early onset AD (EOAD) cases. We have previously identified copy number variations (CNVs) in microRNA genes in patients with EOAD, including a duplication of the MIR-138-2 gene. Overexpression of miR-138 in cultured cells increased Aβ production and tau phosphorylation, similar to what is seen in AD brain. In this study, we sought to determine if miR-138 overexpression could recapitulate certain features of disease in vivo in non-transgenic mice. A mild overexpression of pre-miR-138 in the brain of C57BL/6J wildtype mice altered learning and memory in a novel object recognition test and in the Barnes Maze. Increased levels of anxiety were also observed in the open-field test. MiR-138 upregulation in vivo caused an increase in endogenous Aβ42 production as well as changes in synaptic and inflammation markers. Tau expression was significantly lower with no overt effects on phosphorylation. We finally observed that Sirt1, a direct target of miR-138 involved in Aβ production, learning and memory as well as anxiety, is decreased following miR-138 overexpression. In sum, this study further strengthens a role for increased gene dosage of MIR-138-2 gene in modulating AD risk, possibly by acting on different biological pathways. Further studies will be required to better understand the role of CNVs in microRNA genes in AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Goupil
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serena Petry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rémi Keraudren
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andréanne Loiselle
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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20
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Faouzi A, Uprety R, Gomes I, Massaly N, Keresztes AI, Le Rouzic V, Gupta A, Zhang T, Yoon HJ, Ansonoff M, Allaoa A, Pan YX, Pintar J, Morón JA, Streicher JM, Devi LA, Majumdar S. Synthesis and Pharmacology of a Novel μ-δ Opioid Receptor Heteromer-Selective Agonist Based on the Carfentanyl Template. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13618-13637. [PMID: 33170687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied a series of carfentanyl amide-based opioid derivatives targeting the mu opioid receptor (μOR) and the delta opioid receptor (δOR) heteromer as a credible novel target in pain management therapy. We identified a lead compound named MP135 that exhibits high G-protein activity at μ-δ heteromers compared to the homomeric δOR or μOR and low β-arrestin2 recruitment activity at all three. Furthermore, MP135 exhibits distinct signaling profile, as compared to the previously identified agonist targeting μ-δ heteromers, CYM51010. Pharmacological characterization of MP135 supports the utility of this compound as a molecule that could be developed as an antinociceptive agent similar to morphine in rodents. In vivo characterization reveals that MP135 maintains untoward side effects such as respiratory depression and reward behavior; together, these results suggest that optimization of MP135 is necessary for the development of therapeutics that suppress the classical side effects associated with conventional clinical opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Faouzi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajendra Uprety
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Attila I Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arkansas 85724, United States
| | - Valerie Le Rouzic
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Achla Gupta
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Tiffany Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Michael Ansonoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Abdullah Allaoa
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ying Xian Pan
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - John Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arkansas 85724, United States
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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21
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Ahmad Azam A, Ismail IS, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF, Abas F, Shaari K. The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract on metabolism elucidated through 1H NMR in correlation with cytokines microarray. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238503. [PMID: 32925968 PMCID: PMC7489527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (CN) (Acanthaceae) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties among Asian communities; however, there are currently no data specifically focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of CN on the brain tissue. Neuroinflammation is a common consequence of toxin intrusion to any part of the central nervous system (CNS). As an innate immune response, the CNS may react through both protective and/or toxic actions due to the activation of neuron cells producing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. The unresolved activation of the inflammatory cytokines' response is associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The present study aimed to decipher the metabolic mechanism on the effects of 14 days oral treatment with CN aqueous extract in induced-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) rats through 1H NMR spectroscopic biomarker profiling of the brain tissue and the related cytokines. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data, twenty-one metabolites in the brain tissue were profiled as biomarkers for the LPS (10 μL)-induced neuroinflammation following intracerebroventricular injection. Among the twenty-one biomarkers in the neuroinflammed rats, CN treatment of 1000 and 500 mg/kg BW successfully altered lactate, pyruvate, phosphorylcholine, glutamine, and α-ketoglutarate when compared to the negative control. Likewise, statistical isolinear multiple component analysis (SIMCA) showed that treatments by CN and the positive control drug, dextromethorphan (DXM, 5 mg/kg BW), have anti-neuroinflammatory potential. A moderate correlation, in the orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression model, was found between the spectral metabolite profile and the cytokine levels. The current study revealed the existence of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-induced rats. Both CN dose treatments lowered IL-1β significantly better than DXM Interestingly, DXM and CN treatments both exhibited the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and 4. However, DXM has an advantage over CN in that the former also increased the expression of IL-10 of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, a metabolomics approach was successfully applied to discover the mechanistic role of CN in controlling the neuroinflammatory conditions through the modulation of complex metabolite interactions in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Yang L, Jiménez JA, Earley AM, Hamlin V, Kwon V, Dixon CT, Shiau CE. Drainage of inflammatory macromolecules from the brain to periphery targets the liver for macrophage infiltration. eLife 2020; 9:58191. [PMID: 32735214 PMCID: PMC7434444 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many brain pathologies are associated with liver damage, but a direct link has long remained elusive. Here, we establish a new paradigm for interrogating brain-periphery interactions by leveraging zebrafish for its unparalleled access to the intact whole animal for in vivo analysis in real time after triggering focal brain inflammation. Using traceable lipopolysaccharides (LPS), we reveal that drainage of these inflammatory macromolecules from the brain led to a strikingly robust peripheral infiltration of macrophages into the liver independent of Kupffer cells. We further demonstrate that this macrophage recruitment requires signaling from the cytokine IL-34 and Toll-like receptor adaptor MyD88, and occurs in coordination with neutrophils. These results highlight the possibility for circulation of brain-derived substances to serve as a rapid mode of communication from brain to the liver. Understanding how the brain engages the periphery at times of danger may offer new perspectives for detecting and treating brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jessica A Jiménez
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Alison M Earley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Victoria Hamlin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Victoria Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cameron T Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
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23
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Villalón E, Kline RA, Smith CE, Lorson ZC, Osman EY, O'Day S, Murray LM, Lorson CL. AAV9-Stathmin1 gene delivery improves disease phenotype in an intermediate mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3742-3754. [PMID: 31363739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating infantile genetic disorder caused by the loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that leads to premature death due to loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. The approval of an antisense oligonucleotide therapy for SMA was an important milestone in SMA research; however, effective next-generation therapeutics will likely require combinatorial SMN-dependent therapeutics and SMN-independent disease modifiers. A recent cross-disease transcriptomic analysis identified Stathmin-1 (STMN1), a tubulin-depolymerizing protein, as a potential disease modifier across different motor neuron diseases, including SMA. Here, we investigated whether viral-based delivery of STMN1 decreased disease severity in a well-characterized SMA mouse model. Intracerebroventricular delivery of scAAV9-STMN1 in SMA mice at P2 significantly increased survival and weight gain compared to untreated SMA mice without elevating Smn levels. scAAV9-STMN1 improved important hallmarks of disease, including motor function, NMJ pathology and motor neuron cell preservation. Furthermore, scAAV9-STMN1 treatment restored microtubule networks and tubulin expression without affecting tubulin stability. Our results show that scAAV9-STMN1 treatment improves SMA pathology possibly by increasing microtubule turnover leading to restored levels of stable microtubules. Overall, these data demonstrate that STMN1 can significantly reduce the SMA phenotype independent of restoring SMN protein and highlight the importance of developing SMN-independent therapeutics for the treatment of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalón
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R A Kline
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - C E Smith
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Z C Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - E Y Osman
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - S O'Day
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - L M Murray
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C L Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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24
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Kaifer KA, Villalón E, O'Brien BS, Sison SL, Smith CE, Simon ME, Marquez J, O'Day S, Hopkins AE, Neff R, Rindt H, Ebert AD, Lorson CL. AAV9-mediated delivery of miR-23a reduces disease severity in Smn2B/-SMA model mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:3199-3210. [PMID: 31211843 PMCID: PMC6859438 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by deletions or mutations in survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). The molecular mechanisms underlying motor neuron degeneration in SMA remain elusive, as global cellular dysfunction obscures the identification and characterization of disease-relevant pathways and potential therapeutic targets. Recent reports have implicated microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation as a potential contributor to the pathological mechanism in SMA. To characterize miRNAs that are differentially regulated in SMA, we profiled miRNA levels in SMA induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons. From this array, miR-23a downregulation was identified selectively in SMA motor neurons, consistent with previous reports where miR-23a functioned in neuroprotective and muscle atrophy-antagonizing roles. Reintroduction of miR-23a expression in SMA patient iPSC-derived motor neurons protected against degeneration, suggesting a potential miR-23a-specific disease-modifying effect. To assess this activity in vivo, miR-23a was expressed using a self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) viral vector in the Smn2B/- SMA mouse model. scAAV9-miR-23a significantly reduced the pathology in SMA mice, including increased motor neuron size, reduced neuromuscular junction pathology, increased muscle fiber area, and extended survival. These experiments demonstrate that miR-23a is a novel protective modifier of SMA, warranting further characterization of miRNA dysfunction in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Kaifer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Benjamin S O'Brien
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samantha L Sison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Caley E Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Madeline E Simon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jose Marquez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Siri O'Day
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abigail E Hopkins
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rachel Neff
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hansjörg Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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25
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Osman EY, Bolding MR, Villalón E, Kaifer KA, Lorson ZC, Tisdale S, Hao Y, Conant GC, Pires JC, Pellizzoni L, Lorson CL. Functional characterization of SMN evolution in mouse models of SMA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9472. [PMID: 31263170 PMCID: PMC6603021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading genetic cause of infantile mortality. While several functions have been ascribed to the SMN (survival motor neuron) protein, their specific contribution to the disease has yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that some, but not all, SMN homologues would rescue the SMA phenotype in mouse models, thereby identifying disease-relevant domains. Using AAV9 to deliver Smn homologs to SMA mice, we identified a conservation threshold that marks the boundary at which homologs can rescue the SMA phenotype. Smn from Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis significantly prevent disease, whereas Smn from Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe was significantly less efficacious. This phenotypic rescue correlated with correction of RNA processing defects induced by SMN deficiency and neuromuscular junction pathology. Based upon the sequence conservation in the rescuing homologs, a minimal SMN construct was designed consisting of exons 2, 3, and 6, which showed a partial rescue of the SMA phenotype. While a significant extension in survival was observed, the absence of a complete rescue suggests that while the core conserved region is essential, additional sequences contribute to the overall ability of the SMN protein to rescue disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Y Osman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madeline R Bolding
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kevin A Kaifer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zachary C Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sarah Tisdale
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yue Hao
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Gavin C Conant
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - J Chris Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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26
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Notch Signaling Mediates Astrocyte Abnormality in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Model Systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3701. [PMID: 30842449 PMCID: PMC6403369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of spinal motor neurons and muscle atrophy. The disease is mainly caused by low level of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which is coded by two genes, namely SMN1 and SMN2, but leads to selective spinal motor neuron degeneration when SMN1 gene is deleted or mutated. Previous reports have shown that SMN-protein-deficient astrocytes are abnormally abundant in the spinal cords of SMA model mice. However, the mechanism of the SMN- deficient astrocyte abnormality remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the cellular signaling pathways associated with the SMN-deficient astrocyte abnormality and propose a candidate therapy tool that modulates signaling. In the present study, we found that the astrocyte density was increased around the central canal of the spinal cord in a mouse SMA model and we identified the dysregulation of Notch signaling which is a known mechanism that regulates astrocyte differentiation and proliferation, in the spinal cord in both early and late stages of SMA pathogenesis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling improved the motor functional deficits in SMA model mice. These findings indicate that dysregulated Notch signaling may be an underlying cause of SMA pathology.
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27
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Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph N, Al-Hawwas M, Liu L, Liu D, Hayball J, Zhou XF. Facial vein injection of human cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) neonatal mice. MethodsX 2018; 5:1281-1286. [PMID: 30364590 PMCID: PMC6197144 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise intravenous injection of human or mice stem cells in immunocompromised neonates. Fastest method of facial vein injection with confirmation of the procedure success. Direct method of stem cell delivery in neonatal brain, heart and liver.
Intravenous injection is a standard procedure for delivering human stem cells and therapeutic agents. Currently, genetically modified severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice are used for engraftment studies using human cells. SCID neonates have better integration and survivability of human cells compared to adult SCID mice, as their immune system will not be developed in the first few days after birth. However, intravenous injections in neonates are difficult. This protocol describes a reliable and reproducible method for injecting cells into the facial vein of P3/P4 (3 or 4 days post-birth) SCID neonates to study their engraftment. The injection was safe and well tolerated by the pups. Post-injection analysis revealed the distribution of tagged cells in different organs. Results suggest that this new method can serve as a pre-analysis for transplantation studies using human stem cells before in vivo animal model testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimshitha Pavathuparambil Abdul Manaph
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Donghui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Hayball
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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Tantzer S, Sperle K, Kenaley K, Taube J, Hobson GM. Morpholino Antisense Oligomers as a Potential Therapeutic Option for the Correction of Alternative Splicing in PMD, SPG2, and HEMS. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:420-432. [PMID: 30195779 PMCID: PMC6036941 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA variants of the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) that shift PLP1/DM20 alternative splicing away from the PLP1 form toward DM20 cause the allelic X-linked leukodystrophies Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), spastic paraplegia 2 (SPG2), and hypomyelination of early myelinating structures (HEMS). We designed a morpholino oligomer (MO-PLP) to block use of the DM20 5' splice donor site, thereby shifting alternative splicing toward the PLP1 5' splice site. Treatment of an immature oligodendrocyte cell line with MO-PLP significantly shifted alternative splicing toward PLP1 expression from the endogenous gene and from transfected human minigene splicing constructs harboring patient variants known to reduce the amount of the PLP1 spliced product. Additionally, a single intracerebroventricular injection of MO-PLP into the brains of neonatal mice, carrying a deletion of an intronic splicing enhancer identified in a PMD patient that reduces the Plp1 spliced form, corrected alternative splicing at both RNA and protein levels in the CNS. The effect lasted to post-natal day 90, well beyond the early post-natal spike in myelination and PLP production. Further, the single injection produced a sustained reduction of inflammatory markers in the brains of the mice. Our results suggest that morpholino oligomers have therapeutic potential for the treatment of PMD, SPG2, and HEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tantzer
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Karen Sperle
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kenaley
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jennifer Taube
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Grace M Hobson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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29
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Lax NC, Parker SAJ, Hilton EJ, Seliman Y, Tidgewell KJ, Kolber BJ. Cyanobacterial extract with serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT 7 R) affinity modulates depression and anxiety-like behavior in mice. Synapse 2018; 72:e22059. [PMID: 29992647 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria represent a unique source in the field of drug discovery due to the secondary metabolites they produce and the structural similarity these compounds have to endogenous mammalian receptor ligands. A series of cyanobacteria were subjected to extraction, fractionation by column chromatography and screened for affinity against CNS targets with a focus on serotonin receptors (5-HTRs). Out of 276 fractions screened, 21% had activity at 5-HTRs and/or the 5-HT transporter (SERT). One sample, a cyanobacterium identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Leptolyngbya from Las Perlas archipelago in Panama, contained a fraction with noted affinity for the 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7 R). This fraction (DUQ0002I) was screened via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections in mice using depression and anxiety assays including the forced swim, tail suspension, elevated zero maze, and light-dark preference tests. DUQ0002I decreased depression and anxiety-like behaviors in males and did not have effects in 5-HT7 R knockout or female mice. Administration of DUQ0002I to the CA1 of the hippocampus induced antidepression-like, but not anxiolytic-like behaviors. Testing of further purified materials showed no behavioral effects, leading us to hypothesize that the behavioral effects are likely caused by a synergistic effect between multiple compounds in the fraction. Finally, DUQ0002I was used in a model of neuropathic pain with comorbid depression (spared nerve injury-SNI). DUQ0002I had a similar antidepressant effect in animals with SNI, suggesting a role for the 5-HT7 R in the development of comorbid pain and depression. These results demonstrate the potential that cyanobacterial metabolites have in the field of neuropharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Lax
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy-Ann J Parker
- Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Hilton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youstina Seliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin J Tidgewell
- Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benedict J Kolber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Shababi M, Villalón E, Kaifer KA, DeMarco V, Lorson CL. A Direct Comparison of IV and ICV Delivery Methods for Gene Replacement Therapy in a Mouse Model of SMARD1. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:348-360. [PMID: 30202772 PMCID: PMC6127875 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an infantile autosomal recessive disease caused by the loss of the ubiquitously expressed IGHMBP2 gene. SMARD1 causes degeneration of alpha-motor neurons, resulting in distal muscle weakness, diaphragm paralysis, and respiratory malfunction. We have reported that delivery of a low dose of AAV9-IGHMBP2 to the CNS results in a significant rescue of the SMARD1 mouse model (nmd). To examine how a delivery route can impact efficacy, a direct comparison of intravenous (IV) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery of AAV9-IGHMBP2 was performed. Using a low-dose, both IV and ICV delivery routes led to a significant extension in survival and increased body weight. Conversely, only ICV-treated animals demonstrated improvements in the hindlimb muscle, neuromuscular junction, and motor function. The hindlimb phenotype of IV-treated mice resembled the untreated nmd mice. We investigated whether the increased survival of IV-treated nmd mice was the result of a positive impact on the cardiac function. Our results revealed that cardiac function and pathology were similarly improved in IV- and ICV-treated mice. We concluded that while IV delivery of a low dose does not improve the hindlimb phenotype and motor function, partial restoration of cardiac performance is sufficient to significantly extend survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Shababi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Villalón
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin A Kaifer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vince DeMarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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31
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Umanah GKE, Pignatelli M, Yin X, Chen R, Crawford J, Neifert S, Scarffe L, Behensky AA, Guiberson N, Chang M, Ma E, Kim JW, Castro CC, Mao X, Chen L, Andrabi SA, Pletnikov MV, Pulver AE, Avramopoulos D, Bonci A, Valle D, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Thorase variants are associated with defects in glutamatergic neurotransmission that can be rescued by Perampanel. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/420/eaah4985. [PMID: 29237760 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Thorase plays a critical role in controlling synaptic plasticity by regulating the expression of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Bidirectional sequencing of exons of ATAD1, the gene encoding Thorase, in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls revealed rare Thorase variants. These variants caused defects in glutamatergic signaling by impairing AMPAR internalization and recycling in mouse primary cortical neurons. This contributed to increased surface expression of the AMPAR subunit GluA2 and enhanced synaptic transmission. Heterozygous Thorase-deficient mice engineered to express these Thorase variants showed altered synaptic transmission and several behavioral deficits compared to heterozygous Thorase-deficient mice expressing wild-type Thorase. These behavioral impairments were rescued by the competitive AMPAR antagonist Perampanel, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug. These findings suggest that Perampanel may be useful for treating disorders involving compromised AMPAR-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K E Umanah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marco Pignatelli
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stewart Neifert
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie Scarffe
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam A Behensky
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Noah Guiberson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erica Ma
- School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Wan Kim
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cibele C Castro
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), are important causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. MicroRNA (miRNA), small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, can serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. MiRNA-based therapeutics include miRNA mimics and inhibitors (antagomiRs) to respectively decrease and increase the expression of target genes. In this review, we summarize current miRNA-based therapeutic applications in stroke, TBI and SCI. Administration methods, time windows and dosage for effective delivery of miRNA-based drugs into CNS are discussed. The underlying mechanisms of miRNA-based therapeutics are reviewed including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Pharmacological agents that protect against CNS injuries by targeting specific miRNAs are presented along with the challenges and therapeutic potential of miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ke-Jie Yin, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST S514, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Da Zhi Liu, Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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High frequency neural spiking and auditory signaling by ultrafast red-shifted optogenetics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1750. [PMID: 29717130 PMCID: PMC5931537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics revolutionizes basic research in neuroscience and cell biology and bears potential for medical applications. We develop mutants leading to a unifying concept for the construction of various channelrhodopsins with fast closing kinetics. Due to different absorption maxima these channelrhodopsins allow fast neural photoactivation over the whole range of the visible spectrum. We focus our functional analysis on the fast-switching, red light-activated Chrimson variants, because red light has lower light scattering and marginal phototoxicity in tissues. We show paradigmatically for neurons of the cerebral cortex and the auditory nerve that the fast Chrimson mutants enable neural stimulation with firing frequencies of several hundred Hz. They drive spiking at high rates and temporal fidelity with low thresholds for stimulus intensity and duration. Optical cochlear implants restore auditory nerve activity in deaf mice. This demonstrates that the mutants facilitate neuroscience research and future medical applications such as hearing restoration. Optogenetic applications would benefit from channelrhodopsins (ChRs) with faster photostimulation, increased tissue transparency and lower phototoxicity. Here, the authors develop fast red-shifted ChR variants and show the abilities for temporal precise spiking of cerebral interneurons and restoring auditory activity in deaf mice.
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34
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Osman EY, Washington CW, Simon ME, Megiddo D, Greif H, Lorson CL. Analysis of Azithromycin Monohydrate as a Single or a Combinatorial Therapy in a Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 4:237-249. [PMID: 28598854 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the loss of α-motor neurons. A variety of molecular pathways are being investigated to elevate SMN protein expression in SMA models and in the clinic. One of these approaches involves stabilizing the SMNΔ7 protein by inducing translational read-through. Previous studies have demonstrated that functionality and stability are partially restored to the otherwise unstable SMNΔ7 by the addition of non-specific C-terminal peptide sequences, or by inducing a similar molecular event through the use of read-through inducing compounds such as aminoglycosides. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the efficacy of the macrolide Azithromycin (AZM), an FDA approved read-through-inducing compound, in the well-established severe mouse model of SMA. METHODS Initially, dosing regimen following ICV administrations of AZM at different post-natal days and concentrations was determined by their impact on SMN levels in disease-relevant tissues. Selected dose was then tested for phenotypic parameters changes as compared to the appropriate controls and in conjugation to another therapy. RESULTS AZM increases SMN protein in disease relevant tissues, however, this did not translate into similar improvements in the SMA phenotype in a severe mouse model of SMA. Co-administration of AZM and a previously developed antisense oligonucleotide that increases SMN2 splicing, resulted in an improvement in the SMA phenotype beyond either AZM or ASO alone, including a highly significant extension in survival with improvement in body weight and movement. CONCLUSIONS It is important to explore various approaches for SMA therapeutics, hence compounds that specifically induce SMNΔ7 read-through, without having prohibitive toxicity, may provide an alternative platform for a combinatorial treatment. Here we established that AZM activity at a low dose can increase SMN protein in disease-relevant animal model and can impact disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Y Osman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles W Washington
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Madeline E Simon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Akladious A, Azzam S, Hu Y, Feng P. Bmal1 knockdown suppresses wake and increases immobility without altering orexin A, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, or glutamate decarboxylase. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:549-563. [PMID: 29446232 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Bmal1 knockdown (KD) on sleep, activity, immobility, hypothalamic levels of orexin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), and GABAergic glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). METHODS We used Bmal1 siRNA, or control siRNA intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection to knock down Bmal1 in C57BL/6 mice. Sleep polysomnography, wheel-running activity, and tail suspension test were performed. Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings in both groups were preceded by ICV injection made during both the light phase and the dark phase. We also measured brain orexin A and CRH using an ELISA and measured GAD using immunoblotting. RESULTS Compared with control group, Bmal1 KD group had reduced wheel activity and increased immobility. Compared with control, the Bmal1 KD group had reduced wheel activity and increased immobility. During the first 24 hours after treatment, we observed that control siRNA induced a much greater increase in sleep during the dark phase, which was associated with lower orexin levels. However, beginning 24 hours after treatment, we observed an increase in sleep and a decrease in time spent awake during the dark phase in the Bmal1 KD group. These changes were not associated with changes in brain levels of orexin A, CRH, or GAD. CONCLUSION Bmal1 KD led to reduced activity, increased immobility, and dramatic reduction in time spent awake as well as an increase in sleep during the dark phase. Early after injection, there was a slight change in sleep but brain levels of orexin, CRH, and GAD remain unchanged. Control siRNA also affected sleep associated with changes in orexin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Akladious
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sausan Azzam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yufen Hu
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pingfu Feng
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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36
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Klein PM, Lu AC, Harper ME, McKown HM, Morgan JD, Beenhakker MP. Tenuous Inhibitory GABAergic Signaling in the Reticular Thalamus. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1232-1248. [PMID: 29273603 PMCID: PMC5792478 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1345-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a low intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) is critical for enabling inhibitory neuronal responses to GABAA receptor-mediated signaling. Cl- transporters, including KCC2, and extracellular impermeant anions ([A]o) of the extracellular matrix are both proposed to be important regulators of [Cl-]i Neurons of the reticular thalamic (RT) nucleus express reduced levels of KCC2, indicating that GABAergic signaling may produce excitation in RT neurons. However, by performing perforated patch recordings and calcium imaging experiments in rats (male and female), we find that [Cl-]i remains relatively low in RT neurons. Although we identify a small contribution of [A]o to a low [Cl-]i in RT neurons, our results also demonstrate that reduced levels of KCC2 remain sufficient to maintain low levels of Cl- Reduced KCC2 levels, however, restrict the capacity of RT neurons to rapidly extrude Cl- following periods of elevated GABAergic signaling. In a computational model of a local RT network featuring slow Cl- extrusion kinetics, similar to those we found experimentally, model RT neurons are predisposed to an activity-dependent switch from GABA-mediated inhibition to excitation. By decreasing the activity threshold required to produce excitatory GABAergic signaling, weaker stimuli are able to propagate activity within the model RT nucleus. Our results indicate the importance of even diminished levels of KCC2 in maintaining inhibitory signaling within the RT nucleus and suggest how this important activity choke point may be easily overcome in disorders such as epilepsy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Precise regulation of intracellular Cl- levels ([Cl-]i) preserves appropriate, often inhibitory, GABAergic signaling within the brain. However, there is disagreement over the relative contribution of various mechanisms that maintain low [Cl-]i We found that the Cl- transporter KCC2 is an important Cl- extruder in the reticular thalamic (RT) nucleus, despite this nucleus having remarkably low KCC2 immunoreactivity relative to other regions of the adult brain. We also identified a smaller contribution of fixed, impermeant anions ([A]o) to lowering [Cl-]i in RT neurons. Inhibitory signaling among RT neurons is important for preventing excessive activation of RT neurons, which can be responsible for generating seizures. Our work suggests that KCC2 critically restricts the spread of activity within the RT nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Adam C Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Megan E Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Hannah M McKown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Jessica D Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Mark P Beenhakker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
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37
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Sunkaria A, Yadav A, Bhardwaj S, Sandhir R. Postnatal Proteasome Inhibition Promotes Amyloid-β Aggregation in Hippocampus and Impairs Spatial Learning in Adult Mice. Neuroscience 2017; 367:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Di Meo I, Marchet S, Lamperti C, Zeviani M, Viscomi C. AAV9-based gene therapy partially ameliorates the clinical phenotype of a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. Gene Ther 2017; 24:661-667. [PMID: 28753212 PMCID: PMC5658670 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is the most common infantile mitochondrial encephalopathy. No treatment is currently available for this condition. Mice lacking Ndufs4, encoding NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 4 (NDUFS4) recapitulates the main findings of complex I (cI)-related LS, including severe multisystemic cI deficiency and progressive neurodegeneration. In order to develop a gene therapy approach for LS, we used here an AAV2/9 vector carrying the human NDUFS4 coding sequence (hNDUFS4). We administered AAV2/9-hNDUFS4 by intravenous (IV) and/or intracerebroventricular (ICV) routes to either newborn or young Ndufs4-/- mice. We found that IV administration alone was only able to correct the cI deficiency in peripheral organs, whereas ICV administration partially corrected the deficiency in the brain. However, both treatments failed to improve the clinical phenotype or to prolong the lifespan of Ndufs4-/- mice. In contrast, combined IV and ICV treatments resulted, along with increased cI activity, in the amelioration of the rotarod performance and in a significant prolongation of the lifespan. Our results indicate that extraneurological organs have an important role in LS pathogenesis and provide an insight into current limitations of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy in multisystem disorders. These findings warrant future investigations to develop new vectors able to efficiently target multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Di Meo
- IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute ‘C. Besta’, Milan, Italy
| | - S Marchet
- IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute ‘C. Besta’, Milan, Italy
| | - C Lamperti
- IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute ‘C. Besta’, Milan, Italy
| | - M Zeviani
- University of Cambridge/Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - C Viscomi
- University of Cambridge/Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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39
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Gruntman AM, Su L, Flotte TR. Retro-Orbital Venous Sinus Delivery of rAAV9 Mediates High-Level Transduction of Brain and Retina Compared with Temporal Vein Delivery in Neonatal Mouse Pups. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:228-230. [PMID: 28319444 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to pursue a clinical gene therapy for a human neurologic disease, it is often necessary to perform proof-of-concept trials in mouse models of that disease. In order to demonstrate a potential clinical efficacy, one must be able to select an appropriate vector and route of delivery for the appropriate age group in the disease model. Since many diseases require correction early in life, investigators often need to deliver recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors to neonatal mice. Herein, general central nervous system expression patterns of nuclear GFP following delivery of rAAV by three different routes are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Gruntman
- 1 Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine , North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Lin Su
- 4 Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Terence R Flotte
- 1 Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
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40
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Csonka K, Vadovics M, Marton A, Vágvölgyi C, Zajta E, Tóth A, Tóth R, Vizler C, Tiszlavicz L, Mora-Montes HM, Gácser A. Investigation of OCH1 in the Virulence of Candida parapsilosis Using a New Neonatal Mouse Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1197. [PMID: 28713338 PMCID: PMC5491538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that poses a serious threat to low birth weight neonates, particularly at intensive care units. In premature infants, the distinct immune responses to Candida infections are not well understood. Although several in vivo models exist to study systemic candidiasis, only a few are available to investigate dissemination in newborns. In addition, the majority of related studies apply intraperitoneal infection rather than intravenous inoculation of murine infants that may be less efficient when studying systemic invasion. In this study, we describe a novel and conveniently applicable intravenous neonatal mouse model to monitor systemic C. parapsilosis infection. Using the currently developed model, we aimed to analyze the pathogenic properties of different C. parapsilosis strains. We infected 2 days-old BALB/c mouse pups via the external facial vein with different doses of C. parapsilosis strains. Homogenous dissemination of yeast cells was found in the spleen, kidney, liver and brain of infected newborn mice. Colonization of harvested organs was also confirmed by histological examinations. Fungal burdens in newborn mice showed a difference for two isolates of C. parapsilosis. C. parapsilosis CLIB infection resulted in higher colonization of the spleen, kidney and liver of neonatal mice compared to the C. parapsilosis GA1 strain at day 2 after the infection. In a comprehensive study with the adult mice infection, we also presented the attenuated virulence of a C. parapsilosis cell wall mutant (OCH1) in this model. Significantly less och1Δ/Δ null mutant cells were recovered from the spleen, kidney and liver of newborn mice compared to the wild type strain. When investigating the cytokine response of neonatal mice to C. parapsilosis infection, we found elevated TNFα, KC, and IL-1β expression levels in all organs examined when compared to the uninfected control. Furthermore, all three measured cytokines showed a significantly elevated expression when newborn mice were infected with och1Δ/Δ cells compared to the wild type strain. This result further supported the inclusion of OCH1 in C. parapsilosis pathogenicity. To our current knowledge, this is the first study that uses a mice neonatal intravenous infection model to investigate C. parapsilosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Csonka
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Vadovics
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Erik Zajta
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Adél Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | | | - László Tiszlavicz
- Faculty of General Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
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41
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Remodeling the Th1 polarized systemic environment contributes to neurogenesis and cognitive function via the Wnt7a pathway in neonatal mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Wang Y, An R, Umanah GK, Park H, Nambiar K, Eacker SM, Kim B, Bao L, Harraz MM, Chang C, Chen R, Wang JE, Kam TI, Jeong JS, Xie Z, Neifert S, Qian J, Andrabi SA, Blackshaw S, Zhu H, Song H, Ming GL, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. A nuclease that mediates cell death induced by DNA damage and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Science 2017; 354:354/6308/aad6872. [PMID: 27846469 PMCID: PMC5134926 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition or genetic deletion of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is protective against toxic insults in many organ systems. The molecular mechanisms underlying PARP-1-dependent cell death involve release of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and its translocation to the nucleus, which results in chromatinolysis. We identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a PARP-1-dependent AIF-associated nuclease (PAAN). AIF was required for recruitment of MIF to the nucleus, where MIF cleaves genomic DNA into large fragments. Depletion of MIF, disruption of the AIF-MIF interaction, or mutation of glutamic acid at position 22 in the catalytic nuclease domain blocked MIF nuclease activity and inhibited chromatinolysis, cell death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity, and focal stroke. Inhibition of MIF's nuclease activity is a potential therapeutic target for diseases caused by excessive PARP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ran An
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - George K Umanah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hyejin Park
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Kalyani Nambiar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen M Eacker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - BongWoo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maged M Harraz
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Calvin Chang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tae-In Kam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Jun Seop Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stewart Neifert
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Center for High-Throughput Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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43
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Kaifer KA, Villalón E, Osman EY, Glascock JJ, Arnold LL, Cornelison DDW, Lorson CL. Plastin-3 extends survival and reduces severity in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89970. [PMID: 28289706 PMCID: PMC5333955 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading genetic cause of infantile death and is caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). Importantly, a nearly identical gene is present called SMN2; however, the majority of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced and encode a truncated, dysfunctional protein. Recently, several compounds designed to increase SMN protein have entered clinical trials, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), traditional small molecules, and gene therapy. Expanding beyond SMN-centric therapeutics is important, as it is likely that the breadth of the patient spectrum and the inherent complexity of the disease will be difficult to address with a single therapeutic strategy. Several SMN-independent pathways that could impinge upon the SMA phenotype have been examined with varied success. To identify disease-modifying pathways that could serve as stand-alone therapeutic targets or could be used in combination with an SMN-inducing compound, we investigated adeno-associated virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) gene therapy using plastin-3 (PLS3). Here, we report that AAV9-PLS3 extends survival in an intermediate model of SMA mice as well as in a pharmacologically induced model of SMA using a splice-switching ASO that increases SMN production. PLS3 coadministration improves the phenotype beyond the ASO, demonstrating the potential utility of combinatorial therapeutics in SMA that target SMN-independent and SMN-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Kaifer
- Molecular Pathogeneses and Therapeutics Program.,Bond Life Sciences Center
| | - Eric Villalón
- Bond Life Sciences Center.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Erkan Y Osman
- Bond Life Sciences Center.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Laura L Arnold
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - D D W Cornelison
- Bond Life Sciences Center.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Molecular Pathogeneses and Therapeutics Program.,Bond Life Sciences Center.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine
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44
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Brain microvasculature defects and Glut1 deficiency syndrome averted by early repletion of the glucose transporter-1 protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14152. [PMID: 28106060 PMCID: PMC5263887 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of the SLC2A1 gene and paucity of its translated product, the glucose transporter-1 (Glut1) protein, disrupt brain function and cause the neurodevelopmental disorder, Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). There is little to suggest how reduced Glut1 causes cognitive dysfunction and no optimal treatment for Glut1 DS. We used model mice to demonstrate that low Glut1 protein arrests cerebral angiogenesis, resulting in a profound diminution of the brain microvasculature without compromising the blood-brain barrier. Studies to define the temporal requirements for Glut1 reveal that pre-symptomatic, AAV9-mediated repletion of the protein averts brain microvasculature defects and prevents disease, whereas augmenting the protein late, during adulthood, is devoid of benefit. Still, treatment following symptom onset can be effective; Glut1 repletion in early-symptomatic mutants that have experienced sustained periods of low brain glucose nevertheless restores the cerebral microvasculature and ameliorates disease. Timely Glut1 repletion may thus constitute an effective treatment for Glut1 DS.
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45
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Lax NC, Ahmed KT, Ignatz CM, Spadafora C, Kolber BJ, Tidgewell KJ. Marine cyanobacteria-derived serotonin receptor 2C active fraction induces psychoactive behavioral effects in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2723-2731. [PMID: 27181630 PMCID: PMC5155707 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1181659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Marine cyanobacteria offer a robust resource for natural products drug discovery due to the secondary metabolites they produce. OBJECTIVE To identify novel cyanobacterial compounds that exhibit CNS psychoactive effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cyanobacteria were collected from Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama and subjected to dichloromethane/methanol extraction and fractionation by column chromatography before being screened for affinity against a panel of CNS targets. A 50:50 ethyl acetate:methanol fraction of one cyanobacterial extract (2064H) was subjected to HPLC and the major peak was isolated (2064H3). At a dose of 20 μg per animal, 2064H and 2064H3 were tested in mice using behavioral assays that included the forced swim, open field and formalin tests. RESULTS 2064H was shown to bind to the serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor, a known target for depression and pain treatment. 2064H showed 59.6% inhibition of binding of [3H]-mesulergine with an IC50 value of 179 ng/mL and did not show inhibition of binding greater than 45% with any other receptors tested. Both 2064H and 2064H3 decreased immobility time in the first minute of the tail suspension test. 2064H increased time, distance and number of entries in the center region in the first half of the open field test. 2064H increased overall nocifensive behaviors in the formalin test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall, manipulating the 5-HT2C receptor with these receptor-specific ligands derived from cyanobacteria altered pain, depression and anxiety-like behaviors, illustrating the importance of this receptor in affective behaviors. These results demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria as a source for CNS active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C. Lax
- Duquesne University Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- Duquesne University Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Kh Tanvir Ahmed
- Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- Duquesne University Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Christopher M. Ignatz
- Duquesne University Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- Duquesne University Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia, Clayton, Apartado 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Duquesne University Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- Duquesne University Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tidgewell
- Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- Duquesne University Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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Zhu X, Cao Y, Wei L, Cai P, Xu H, Luo H, Bai X, Lu L, Liu JR, Fan W, Zhao BQ. von Willebrand factor contributes to poor outcome in a mouse model of intracerebral haemorrhage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35901. [PMID: 27782211 PMCID: PMC5080593 DOI: 10.1038/srep35901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating stroke subtype and has no proven treatment. von Willebrand factor (VWF) has recently been demonstrated to promote inflammation processes. The present study investigated the pathophysiological role of VWF after experimental ICH. Functional outcomes, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral inflammation and levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured in a mouse model of ICH induced by autologous blood injection. We show that VWF were increased in the plasma and was accumulated in the perihematomal regions of mice subjected to ICH. Injection of VWF resulted in incerased expression of proinflammatory mediators and activation of ICAM-1 and MMP-9, associated with elevated myeloperoxidase, recruitment of neutrophils and microglia. Moreover, mice treated with VWF showed dramatically decreased pericyte coverage, more severe BBB damage and edema formation, and neuronal injury was increased compared with controls. In contrast, blocking antibodies against VWF reduced BBB damage and edema formation and improved neurological function. Together, these data identify a critical role for VWF in cerebral inflammation and BBB damage after ICH. The therapeutic interventions targeting VWF may be a novel strategy to reduce ICH-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haochen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Ren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing-Qiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kawasaki H, Kosugi I, Sakao-Suzuki M, Meguro S, Tsutsui Y, Iwashita T. Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27501398 DOI: 10.3791/54164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study on the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis, the infection method is critical. The first of the two main infectious routes to the brain is the hematogenous route, which involves infection of the endothelial cells and pericytes of the brain. The second is the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route. Once within the central nervous system (CNS), viruses may spread to the subarachnoid space, meninges, and choroid plexus via the cerebrospinal fluid. In experimental models, the earliest stages of CNS viral distribution are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether only certain cells are initially infected. Here, we have analyzed the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) particles during the acute phase of infection, termed primary viremia, following ICV or intravascular (IV) injection into the neonatal mouse brain. In the ICV injection model, 5 µl of murine CMV (MCMV) or fluorescent microbeads were injected into the lateral ventricle at the midpoint between the ear and eye using a 10-µl syringe with a 27 G needle. In the IV injection model, a 1-ml syringe with a 35 G needle was used. A transilluminator was used to visualize the superficial temporal (facial) vein of the neonatal mouse. We infused 50 µl of MCMV or fluorescent microbeads into the superficial temporal vein. Brains were harvested at different time points post-injection. MCMV genomes were detected using the in situ hybridization method. Fluorescent microbeads or green fluorescent protein expressing recombinant MCMV particles were observed by fluorescent microscopy. These techniques can be applied to many other pathogens to investigate the pathogenesis of encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine;
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative & Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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Osman EY, Washington CW, Kaifer KA, Mazzasette C, Patitucci TN, Florea KM, Simon ME, Ko CP, Ebert AD, Lorson CL. Optimization of Morpholino Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Intronic Repressor Element1 in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1592-601. [PMID: 27401142 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of Survival Motor Neuron-1 (SMN1) causes Spinal Muscular Atrophy, a devastating neurodegenerative disease. SMN2 is a nearly identical copy gene; however SMN2 cannot prevent disease development in the absence of SMN1 since the majority of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced, encoding a truncated, unstable protein lacking exon 7. Nevertheless, SMN2 retains the ability to produce low levels of functional protein. Previously we have described a splice-switching Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) sequence that targets a potent intronic repressor, Element1 (E1), located upstream of SMN2 exon 7. In this study, we have assessed a novel panel of Morpholino ASOs with the goal of optimizing E1 ASO activity. Screening for efficacy in the SMNΔ7 mouse model, a single ASO variant was more active in vivo compared with the original E1(MO)-ASO. Sequence variant eleven (E1(MOv11)) consistently showed greater efficacy by increasing the lifespan of severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy mice after a single intracerebroventricular injection in the central nervous system, exhibited a strong dose-response across an order of magnitude, and demonstrated excellent target engagement by partially reversing the pathogenic SMN2 splicing event. We conclude that Morpholino modified ASOs are effective in modifying SMN2 splicing and have the potential for future Spinal Muscular Atrophy clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Y Osman
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles W Washington
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin A Kaifer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chiara Mazzasette
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Teresa N Patitucci
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyra M Florea
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Madeline E Simon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Chien-Ping Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Hearing Loss and Otopathology Following Systemic and Intracerebroventricular Delivery of 2-Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2015; 16:599-611. [PMID: 26055150 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-015-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are simple yet powerful molecules widely used in medicinal formulations and industry for their ability to stabilize and solubilize guest compounds. However, recent evidence shows that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) causes severe hearing loss in mice, selectively killing outer hair cells (OHC) within 1 week of subcutaneous drug treatment. In the current study, the impact of HPβCD on auditory physiology and pathology was explored further as a function of time and route of administration. When administered subcutaneously or directly into cerebrospinal fluid, single injections of HPβCD caused up to 60 dB threshold shifts and widespread OHC loss in a dose-dependent manner. Combined dosing caused no greater deficit, suggesting a common mode of action. After drug treatment, OHC loss progressed over time, beginning in the base and extending toward the apex, creating a sharp transition between normal and damaged regions of the cochlea. Administration into cerebrospinal fluid caused rapid ototoxicity when compared to subcutaneous delivery. Despite the devastating effect on the cochlea, HPβCD was relatively safe to other peripheral and central organ systems; specifically, it had no notable nephrotoxicity in contrast to other ototoxic compounds like aminoglycosides and platinum-based drugs. As cyclodextrins find expanding medicinal applications, caution should be exercised as these drugs possess a unique, poorly understood, ototoxic mechanism.
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Rindt H, Feng Z, Mazzasette C, Glascock JJ, Valdivia D, Pyles N, Crawford TO, Swoboda KJ, Patitucci TN, Ebert AD, Sumner CJ, Ko CP, Lorson CL. Astrocytes influence the severity of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4094-102. [PMID: 25911676 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemically low levels of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1) protein cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). α-Motor neurons of the spinal cord are considered particularly vulnerable in this genetic disorder and their dysfunction and loss cause progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and eventually premature death of afflicted individuals. Historically, SMA was therefore considered a motor neuron-autonomous disease. However, depletion of SMN in motor neurons of normal mice elicited only a very mild phenotype. Conversely, restoration of SMN to motor neurons in an SMA mouse model had only modest effects on the SMA phenotype and survival. Collectively, these results suggested that additional cell types contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA, and understanding the non-autonomous requirements is crucial for developing effective therapies. Astrocytes are critical for regulating synapse formation and function as well as metabolic support for neurons. We hypothesized that astrocyte functions are disrupted in SMA, exacerbating disease progression. Using viral-based restoration of SMN specifically to astrocytes, survival in severe and intermediate SMA mice was observed. In addition, neuromuscular circuitry was improved. Astrogliosis was prominent in end-stage SMA mice and in post-mortem patient spinal cords. Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines was partially normalized in treated mice, suggesting that astrocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chiara Mazzasette
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Glascock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David Valdivia
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Noah Pyles
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA and
| | - Teresa N Patitucci
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chien-Ping Ko
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA,
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