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Xia D, Hu C, Hou Y. Regorafenib loaded self-assembled lipid-based nanocarrier for colorectal cancer treatment via lymphatic absorption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 185:165-176. [PMID: 36870399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral chemotherapy can improve the life quality of patients; however, the therapeutic effects are limited by low bioavailability and rapid in vivo elimination of anticancer drugs. Here, we developed a regorafenib (REG)-loaded self-assembled lipid-based nanocarrier (SALN) to improve oral absorption and anti-colorectal cancer efficacy of REG through lymphatic absorption. SALN was prepared with lipid-based excipients to utilize lipid transport in the enterocytes and enhance lymphatic absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. The particle size of SALN was 106 ± 10 nm. SALNs were internalized by the intestinal epithelium via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and then transported across the epithelium via the chylomicron secretion pathway, resulting in a 3.76-fold increase in drug epithelial permeability (Papp) compared to the solid dispersion (SD). After oral administration to rats, SALNs were transported by the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles of enterocytes and were found in the lamina propria of intestinal villi, abdominal mesenteric lymph, and plasma. The oral bioavailability of SALN was 65.9-fold and 1.70-fold greater than that of the coarse powder suspension and SD, respectively, and was highly dependent on the lymphatic route of absorption. Notably, SALN prolonged the elimination half-life of the drug (9.34 ± 2.51 h) compared to the solid dispersion (3.51 ± 0.46 h), increased the biodistribution of REG in the tumor and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, decreased biodistribution in the liver, and showed better therapeutic efficacy than the solid dispersion in colorectal tumor-bearing mice. These results demonstrated that SALN is promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer via lymphatic transport and has potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengning Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Cunde Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Ramírez-Castrillón M, Jaramillo-Garcia VP, Lopes Barros H, Pegas Henriques JA, Stefani V, Valente P. Nile Red Incubation Time Before Reading Fluorescence Greatly Influences the Yeast Neutral Lipids Quantification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619313. [PMID: 33746916 PMCID: PMC7969498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening methodologies to estimate lipid content in oleaginous yeasts use Nile red fluorescence in a given solvent and optimized excitation/emission wavelengths. However, Nile red fluorescence stabilization has been poorly analyzed, and high variability occurs when relative fluorescence is measured immediately or a few minutes after dye addition. The aim of this work was to analyze the fluorescence of Nile red at different incubation times using a variety of solvents and oleaginous/non-oleaginous yeast strains. We showed that fluorescence stabilization occurs between 20 and 30 min, depending on the strain and solvent. Therefore, we suggest that fluorescence measurements should be followed until stabilization, where Relative Fluorescence Units should be considered after stabilization for lipid content estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Ramírez-Castrillón
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Research Group in Mycology (GIM), Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Victoria P. Jaramillo-Garcia
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helio Lopes Barros
- New Organic Materials and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory (LNMO-QF), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João A. Pegas Henriques
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valter Stefani
- New Organic Materials and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory (LNMO-QF), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Valente
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ghosh A, Samadhiya K, Kashyap M, Anand V, Sangwan P, Bala K. The use of response surface methodology for improving fatty acid methyl ester profile of Scenedesmus vacuolatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27457-27469. [PMID: 31885064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been designed to optimise certain important process parameters for Scenedesmus vacuolatus to achieve efficient carbon dioxide extenuation as well as suitable fatty acid profile in context to improve biodiesel properties. The effect of varying sodium bicarbonate concentration was evaluated in single and multicomponent system such as nitrate, phosphate, inoculum size to observe interactive effects on algae biomass production, carbon dioxide (CO2) removal efficiency and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile. Maximum biomass productivity of 117.0 ± 7.7 mg/L/day with 3 g/L of sodium bicarbonate was obtained i.e. approximately 2 folds higher than the control. Under multicomponent exposure, maximum biomass of 1701.5 ± 88.8 mg/L and maximum chlorophyll concentration of 15.3 ± 6.4 mg/L were achieved on 14th day at 3 g/L sodium nitrate, 0.1 g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2 g/L of sodium bicarbonate and initial cell density of 0.3 (N3P0.1B2OD0.3). FAME content of 46.1 mg/g of biomass was obtained at this combination which is approximately 3 folds higher than the FAME content obtained under nitrogen and phosphate deprivation (16.6 mg/g at N0P0B2OD0.3). Confocal microscopy images confirmed the results with enhanced lipid droplet accumulation at high bicarbonate concentration as compared with the control. This interactive study concluded the variability in FAME profile along with the exposure to varying nutrient concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Ghosh
- Discipline of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Kanchan Samadhiya
- Discipline of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Mrinal Kashyap
- Discipline of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Vishal Anand
- Discipline of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Pritam Sangwan
- Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, Defence Research & Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Discipline of Biosciences & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India.
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Yang J, Son JH, Kim H, Cho S, Na JG, Yeon YJ, Lee J. Mevalonate production from ethanol by direct conversion through acetyl-CoA using recombinant Pseudomonas putida, a novel biocatalyst for terpenoid production. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:168. [PMID: 31601210 PMCID: PMC6786281 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioethanol is one of the most representative eco-friendly fuels developed to replace the non-renewable fossil fuels and is the most successful commercially available bio-conversion technology till date. With the availability of inexpensive carbon sources, such as cellulosic biomass, bioethanol production has become cheaper and easier to perform, which can facilitate the development of methods for converting ethanol into higher value-added biochemicals. In this study, a bioconversion process using Pseudomonas putida as a biocatalyst was established, wherein ethanol was converted to mevalonate. Since ethanol can be converted directly to acetyl-CoA, bypassing its conversion to pyruvate, there is a possibility that ethanol can be converted to mevalonate without producing pyruvate-derived by-products. Furthermore, P. putida seems to be highly resistant to the toxicity caused by terpenoids, and thus can be useful in conducting terpenoid production research. Results In this study, we first expressed the core genes responsible for mevalonate production (atoB, mvaS, and mvaE) in P. putida and mevalonate production was confirmed. Thereafter, through an improvement in genetic stability and ethanol metabolism manipulation, mevalonate production was enhanced up to 2.39-fold (1.70 g/L vs. 4.07 g/L) from 200 mM ethanol with an enhancement in reproducibility of mevalonate production. Following this, the metabolic characteristics related to ethanol catabolism and mevalonate production were revealed by manipulations to reduce fatty acid biosynthesis and optimize pH by batch fermentation. Finally, we reached a product yield of 0.41 g mevalonate/g ethanol in flask scale culture and 0.32 g mevalonate/g ethanol in batch fermentation. This is the highest experimental yield obtained from using carbon sources other than carbohydrates till date and it is expected that further improvements will be made through the development of fermentation methods. Conclusion Pseudomonas putida was investigated as a biocatalyst that can efficiently convert ethanol to mevalonate, the major precursor for terpenoid production, and this research is expected to open new avenues for the production of terpenoids using microorganisms that have not yet reached the stage of mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmo Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyeong Cho
- C1 Gas Refinery R&D Center, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geol Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Yeon
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Sfriso AA, Mistri M, Munari C, Moro I, Wahsha M, Sfriso A, Juhmani AS. Hazardous effects of silver nanoparticles for primary producers in transitional water systems: The case of the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104942. [PMID: 31491810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and silver nitrate was evaluated on the marine macroalga Ulva rigida C. Agardh (1823). Silver bioaccumulation, ultrastructural chloroplast damages verified by TEM microscopy, inhibition of primary production, neutral lipid production and oxidative stress were observed after 24 h of exposure to AgNP. The toxic effects of silver nitrate in artificial seawater started from a concentration of 0.05 ppm and was more toxic than AgNP that produced effects from a concentration of 0.1 ppm. However only AgNP induced lipid peroxidation in U. rigida. The addition of natural organic and inorganic ligands, represented by transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and clay, drastically reduced AgNP acute toxicity in a ratio AgNP:ligand of 1:100 and 1:200, respectively. The findings suggest a marked toxicity of Ag on marine macroalgae which however should be mitigated by the high natural ligand concentrations of the transitional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augusto Sfriso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabella Moro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammad Wahsha
- Marine Science Station, The University of Jordan, Aqaba branch, Jordan
| | - Adriano Sfriso
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, Italy
| | - Abdul-Salam Juhmani
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre, Italy
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Cao Y, Liu Y, Ndirangu L, Li W, Xian L, Jiang HS. The Analysis of Leaf Traits of Eight Ottelia Populations and Their Potential Ecosystem Functions in Karst Freshwaters in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1938. [PMID: 30666267 PMCID: PMC6330901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes play a structuring role in the shallow freshwater ecosystem by increasing the heterogeneous state in freshwaters. The macrophytes in genus Ottelia were featured for their broad leaves, which might consequently produce specialized functions that differed from other submerged species. To explore the potential ecological role of Ottelia, a field investigation was conducted on leaf traits in eight populations of Ottelia ranging from the southwestern Yunnan-Guizhou plateau to the southern Hainan island in China covering a distance of >1,700 km. The eight populations included all the extant Ottelia species and varieties in China except the well-documented O. alismoides. Carbon-related traits [bicarbonate usage, photosynthetic characteristics, capability of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)], pigment content and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, morphology and mass of the leaves were determined. The different populations showed distinct functional traits of mature leaves; O. acuminata var. songmingensis had the thickest and longest leaf with CaCO3 precipitation on the both sides of the leaf, and O. cordata showed putative CAM activity with the highest diel acidity changes 12.5 μequiv g-1 FW. Our results indicated an important role of Ottelia populations in carbon cycling as the dominant species in karst freshwaters in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leah Ndirangu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Takusagawa M, Nakajima Y, Saito T, Misumi O. Primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae accumulates storage glucan and triacylglycerol under nitrogen depletion. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:111-7. [PMID: 27181396 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Most microalgae accumulate neutral lipids, including triacylglycerol (TAG), into spherical structures called lipid bodies (LBs) under environmental stress conditions such as nutrient depletion. In green algae, starch accumulation precedes TAG accumulation, and the starch is thought to be a substrate for TAG synthesis. However, the relationship between TAG synthesis and the starch content in red algae, as well as how TAG accumulation is regulated, is unclear. In this study, we cultured the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae under nitrogen-depleted conditions, and monitored the formation of starch granules (SGs) and LBs using microscopy. SGs stained with potassium iodide were observed at 24 h; however, LBs stained specifically with BODIPY 493/503 were observed after 48 h. Quantitative analysis of neutral sugar and cytomorphological semi-quantitative analysis of TAG accumulation also supported these results. Thus, the accumulation of starch occurred and preceded the accumulation of TAG in cells of C. merolae. However, TAG accumulation was not accompanied by a decrease in the starch content, suggesting that the starch is a major carbon storage sink, at least under nitrogen-depleted conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the mRNA levels of genes involved in starch and TAG synthesis rarely changed during the culture period, suggesting that starch and TAG synthesis in C. merolae are not controlled through gene transcription but at other stages, such as translation and/or enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Takusagawa
- Department of Functional Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
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