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Niveau C, Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Glycans in melanoma: Drivers of tumour progression but sweet targets to exploit for immunotherapy. Immunology 2024; 173:33-52. [PMID: 38742251 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation recently emerged as an unmissable hallmark of cancer progression in many cancers. In melanoma, there is growing evidence that the tumour 'glycocode' plays a major role in promoting cell proliferation, invasion, migration, but also dictates the nature of the immune infiltrate, which strongly affects immune cell function, and clinical outcome. Aberrant glycosylation patterns dismantle anti-tumour defence through interactions with lectins on immune cells, which are crucial to shape anti-tumour immunity but also to trigger immune evasion. The glycan/lectin axis represents a new immune subversion pathway that is exploited by melanoma to hijack immune cells and escape from immune control. In this review, we describe the glycosylation features of melanoma tumour cells, and further gather findings related to the role of glycosylation in melanoma tumour progression, deciphering in detail its impact on immunity. We also depict glycan-based strategies aiming at restoring a functional anti-tumour response in melanoma patients. Glycans/lectins emerge as key immune checkpoints with promising translational properties. Exploitation of these pathways could reshape potent anti-tumour immunity while impeding immunosuppressive circuits triggered by aberrant tumour glycosylation patterns, holding great promise for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Niveau
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling & Cancer, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, R&D Laboratory, Grenoble, France
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2
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Kooner AS, Yu H, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Padler-Karavani V, Chen X. Broad-Spectrum Legionaminic Acid-Specific Antibodies in Pooled Human IgGs Revealed by Glycan Microarrays with Chemoenzymatically Synthesized Nonulosonosides. Molecules 2024; 29:3980. [PMID: 39203058 PMCID: PMC11356810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence and the level of antibodies in human sera against bacterial glycans are indications of prior encounters with similar antigens and/or the bacteria that express them by the immune system. An increasing number of pathogenic bacteria that cause human diseases have been shown to express polysaccharides containing a bacterial nonulosonic acid called 5,7-di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2). To investigate the immune recognition of Leg5,7Ac2, which is critical for the fight against bacterial infections, a highly effective chemoenzymatic synthon strategy was applied to construct a library of α2-3/6-linked Leg5,7Ac2-glycans via their diazido-derivatives (Leg5,7diN3-glycans) formed by efficient one-pot three-enzyme (OP3E) synthetic systems from a diazido-derivative of a six-carbon monosaccharide precursor. Glycan microarray studies using this synthetic library of a Leg5,7Ac2-capped collection of diverse underlying glycan carriers and their matched sialoside counterparts revealed specific recognition of Leg5,7Ac2 by human IgG antibodies pooled from thousands of healthy donors (IVIG), suggesting prior human encounters with Leg5,7Ac2-expressing pathogenic bacteria at the population level. These biologically relevant Leg5,7Ac2-glycans and their immune recognition assays are important tools to begin elucidating their biological roles, particularly in the context of infection and host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoopjit Singh Kooner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.S.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.S.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.S.K.); (H.Y.)
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3
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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4
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Guerrero-Flores GN, Pacheco FJ, Boskovic DS, Pacheco SOS, Zhang G, Fraser GE, Miles FL. Sialic acids Neu5Ac and KDN in adipose tissue samples from individuals following habitual vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12593. [PMID: 37537165 PMCID: PMC10400564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a class of sugar molecules with a parent nine-carbon neuraminic acid, generally present at the ends of carbohydrate chains, either attached to cellular surfaces or as secreted glycoconjugates. Given their position and structural diversity, Sias modulate a wide variety of biological processes. However, little is known about the role of Sias in human adipose tissue, or their implications for health and disease, particularly among individuals following different dietary patterns. The goal of this study was to measure N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) concentrations in adipose tissue samples from participants in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) and to compare the abundance of these Sias in individuals following habitual, long-term vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. A method was successfully developed for the extraction and detection of Sias in adipose tissue. Sias levels were quantified in 52 vegans, 56 lacto-vegetarians, and 48 non-vegetarians using LC-MS/MS with Neu5Ac-D-1,2,3-13C3 as an internal standard. Dietary groups were compared using linear regression. Vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians had significantly higher concentrations of Neu5Ac relative to non-vegetarians. While KDN levels tended to be higher in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians, these differences were not statistically significant. However, KDN levels were significantly inversely associated with body mass index. In contrast, Neu5Gc was not detected in human adipose samples. It is plausible that different Neu5Ac concentrations in adipose tissues of vegetarians, compared to those of non-vegetarians, reflect a difference in the baseline inflammatory status between the two groups. Epidemiologic studies examining levels of Sias in human adipose tissue and other biospecimens will help to further explore their roles in development and progression of inflammatory conditions and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo N Guerrero-Flores
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fabio J Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Sandaly O S Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Fayth L Miles
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Borenstein-Katz A, Warszawski S, Amon R, Eilon M, Cohen-Dvashi H, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Tasnima N, Yu H, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V, Fleishman SJ, Diskin R. Biomolecular Recognition of the Glycan Neoantigen CA19-9 by Distinct Antibodies. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167099. [PMID: 34119488 PMCID: PMC7611348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycans decorate the cell surface, secreted glycoproteins and glycolipids, and altered glycans are often found in cancers. Despite their high diagnostic and therapeutic potential, however, glycans are polar and flexible molecules that are quite challenging for the development and design of high-affinity binding antibodies. To understand the mechanisms by which glycan neoantigens are specifically recognized by antibodies, we analyze the biomolecular recognition of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 by two distinct antibodies using X-ray crystallography. Despite the potential plasticity of glycans and the very different antigen-binding surfaces presented by the antibodies, both structures reveal an essentially identical extended CA19-9 conformer, suggesting that this conformer's stability selects the antibodies. Starting from the bound structure of one of the antibodies, we use the AbLIFT computational algorithm to design a variant with seven core mutations in the variable domain's light-heavy chain interface that exhibits tenfold improved affinity for CA19-9. The results reveal strategies used by antibodies to specifically recognize glycan antigens and show how automated antibody-optimization methods may be used to enhance the clinical potential of existing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Borenstein-Katz
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shira Warszawski
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maayan Eilon
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nova Tasnima
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Sarel Jacob Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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6
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Noy-Porat T, Mechaly A, Levy Y, Makdasi E, Alcalay R, Gur D, Aftalion M, Falach R, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Lazar S, Zauberman A, Epstein E, Chitlaru T, Weiss S, Achdout H, Edgeworth JD, Kikkeri R, Yu H, Chen X, Yitzhaki S, Shapira SC, Padler-Karavani V, Mazor O, Rosenfeld R. Therapeutic antibodies, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain, protect lethally infected K18-hACE2 mice. iScience 2021; 24:102479. [PMID: 33937725 PMCID: PMC8074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies represent a valuable therapeutic approach to countermeasure the current COVID-19 pandemic. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants emphasizes the notion that antibody treatments need to rely on highly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting several distinct epitopes for circumventing therapy escape mutants. Previously, we reported efficient human therapeutic mAbs recognizing epitopes on the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the isolation, characterization, and recombinant production of 12 neutralizing human mAbs, targeting three distinct epitopes on the spike N-terminal domain of the virus. Neutralization mechanism of these antibodies involves receptors other than the canonical hACE2 on target cells, relying both on amino acid and N-glycan epitope recognition, suggesting alternative viral cellular portals. Two selected mAbs demonstrated full protection of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice when administered at low doses and late post-exposure, demonstrating the high potential of the mAbs for therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Isolation of potent neutralizing antibodies, targeting the NTD of SARS-CoV-2 Involvement of both protein and glycan moieties in antibody binding was suggested Post-exposure protection of lethally infected K18-hACE2 mice by BLN12 and BLN14
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Noy-Porat
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Adva Mechaly
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yinon Levy
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Falach
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirley Lazar
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Epstein
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Shay Weiss
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Jonathan D. Edgeworth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
- Corresponding author
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7
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Shanthamurthy CD, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Kumar NV, Yehuda S, Amon R, Woods RJ, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics Differentially Affect Homologous Chemokines and Attenuate Cancer Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3367-3380. [PMID: 33683903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving selective inhibition of chemokine activity by structurally well-defined heparan sulfate (HS) or HS mimetic molecules can provide important insights into their roles in individual physiological and pathological cellular processes. Here, we report a novel tailor-made HS mimetic, which furnishes an exclusive iduronic acid (IdoA) scaffold with different sulfation patterns and oligosaccharide chain lengths as potential ligands to target chemokines. Notably, highly sulfated-IdoA tetrasaccharide (I-45) exhibited strong binding to CCL2 chemokine thereby blocking CCL2/CCR2-mediated in vitro cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Taken together, IdoA-based HS mimetics offer an alternative HS substrate to generate selective and efficient inhibitors for chemokines and pave the way to a wide range of new therapeutic applications in cancer biology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens 306062 Georgia, United States
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, the Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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Läubli H, Kawanishi K, George Vazhappilly C, Matar R, Merheb M, Sarwar Siddiqui S. Tools to study and target the Siglec-sialic acid axis in cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:6206-6225. [PMID: 33251699 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are widely expressed on leucocytes and bind to ubiquitously presented glycans containing sialic acids (sialoglycans). Most Siglecs carry an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) and elicit an inhibitory intracellular signal upon ligand binding. A few Siglec receptors can, however, recruit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing factors, which activate cells. The role of hypersialylation (the enhanced expression of sialoglycans) has recently been explored in cancer progression. Mechanistic studies have shown that hypersialylation on cancer cells can engage inhibitory Siglecs on the surface of immune cells and induce immunosuppression. These recent studies strongly suggest that the Siglec-sialic acid axis can act as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the use of new tools and techniques is facilitating these studies. In this review, we summarise techniques used to study Siglecs, including different mouse models, monoclonal antibodies, Siglec fusion proteins, and sialoglycan arrays. Furthermore, we discuss the recent major developments in the study of Siglecs in cancer immunosuppression, tools, and techniques used in targeting the Siglec-sialic acid axis and the possibility of clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
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9
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Bashir S, Fezeu LK, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yehuda S, Reuven EM, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Fellah-Hebia I, Le Tourneau T, Imbert-Marcille BM, Drouet EB, Touvier M, Roussel JC, Yu H, Chen X, Hercberg S, Cozzi E, Soulillou JP, Galan P, Padler-Karavani V. Association between Neu5Gc carbohydrate and serum antibodies against it provides the molecular link to cancer: French NutriNet-Santé study. BMC Med 2020; 18:262. [PMID: 32962714 PMCID: PMC7510162 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High consumption of red and processed meat is commonly associated with increased cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer. Antibodies against the red meat-derived carbohydrate N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) exacerbate cancer in "human-like" mice. Human anti-Neu5Gc IgG and red meat are both independently proposed to increase cancer risk, yet how diet affects these antibodies is largely unknown. METHODS We used world global data to demonstrate that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality are associated with increased national meat consumption. In a well-defined large cohort, we used glycomics to measure daily Neu5Gc intake from red meat and dairy, and investigated serum as well as affinity-purified anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Based on 24-h dietary records, daily Neu5Gc intake was calculated for 19,621 subjects aged ≥ 18 years of the NutriNet-Santé study. Serum and affinity-purified anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were evaluated by ELISA and glycan microarrays in representative 120 individuals, each with at least eighteen 24-h dietary records (aged 45-60, Q1-Q4; aged > 60, Q1 and Q4; 10 men/women per quartile). RESULTS We found that high-Neu5Gc diet, gender, and age affect the specificity, levels, and repertoires of anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune responses, but not their affinity. Men consumed more Neu5Gc than women, mostly from red meat (p = 0.0015), and exhibited higher overall serum anti-Neu5Gc IgG levels by ELISA (3.94 ng/μl versus 2.22 ng/μl, respectively; p = 0.039). Detailed glycan microarray analysis against 56 different glycans revealed high Neu5Gc-specificity with increased anti-Neu5Gc IgG and altered repertoires, associated with higher consumption of Neu5Gc from red meat and cow dairy. Affinity purification of serum anti-Neu5Gc antibodies revealed increased levels and biased array repertoire patterns, without an increase in antibody affinity, in individuals consuming higher Neu5Gc levels. Furthermore, in a high-meat diet, antibody diversity patterns on glycan microarrays shifted towards Neu5Gcα3-linked glycans, increasing the α3/α6-glycans ratio score. CONCLUSIONS We found a clear link between the levels and repertoire of serum anti-Neu5Gc IgG and Neu5Gc intake from red meat and dairy. These precise rational methodologies allowed to develop a Gcemic index to simplify the assessment of Neu5Gc in foods that could potentially be adapted for dietary recommendations to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Bashir
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Leopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Imen Fellah-Hebia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Department of Cardiology, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Emmanuel B Drouet
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS CEA UGA 5545 CEA, CNRS 38044, F38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Christian Roussel
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institut du Thorax, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Bobigny, France
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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10
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Yehuda S, Padler-Karavani V. Glycosylated Biotherapeutics: Immunological Effects of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Front Immunol 2020; 11:21. [PMID: 32038661 PMCID: PMC6989436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of biotherapeutics provides successful treatments for various diseases, yet immunogenicity and limited efficacy remain major concerns for many products. Glycosylation is a key factor determining the pharmacological properties of biotherapeutics, including their stability, solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Hence, an increased attention is directed at optimizing the glycosylation properties of biotherapeutics. Currently, most biotherapeutics are produced in non-human mammalian cells in light of their ability to produce human-like glycosylation. However, most mammals produce the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), while humans cannot due to a specific genetic defect. Humans consume Neu5Gc in their diet from mammalian derived foods (red meat and dairy) and produce polyclonal antibodies against diverse Neu5Gc-glycans. Moreover, Neu5Gc can metabolically incorporate into human cells and become presented on surface or secreted glycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Several studies in mice suggested that the combination of Neu5Gc-containing epitopes and anti-Neu5Gc antibodies could contribute to exacerbation of chronic inflammation-mediated diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmunity). This could potentially become complicated with exposure to Neu5Gc-containing biotherapeutics, bio-devices or xenografts. Indeed, Neu5Gc can be found on various approved and marketed biotherapeutics. Here, we provide a perspective review on the possible consequences of Neu5Gc glycosylation of therapeutic protein drugs due to the limited published evidence of Neu5Gc glycosylation on marketed biotherapeutics and studies on their putative effects on immunogenicity, drug efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Yehuda
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Kooner AS, Yu H, Chen X. Synthesis of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (Neu5Gc) and Its Glycosides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2004. [PMID: 31555264 PMCID: PMC6724515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids constitute a family of negatively charged structurally diverse monosaccharides that are commonly presented on the termini of glycans in higher animals and some microorganisms. In addition to N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is among the most common sialic acid forms in nature. Nevertheless, unlike most animals, human cells loss the ability to synthesize Neu5Gc although Neu5Gc-containing glycoconjugates have been found on human cancer cells and in various human tissues due to dietary incorporation of Neu5Gc. Some pathogenic bacteria also produce Neu5Ac and the corresponding glycoconjugates but Neu5Gc-producing bacteria have yet to be found. In addition to Neu5Gc, more than 20 Neu5Gc derivatives have been found in non-human vertebrates. To explore the biological roles of Neu5Gc and its naturally occurring derivatives as well as the corresponding glycans and glycoconjugates, various chemical and enzymatic synthetic methods have been developed to obtain a vast array of glycosides containing Neu5Gc and/or its derivatives. Here we provide an overview on various synthetic methods that have been developed. Among these, the application of highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation systems in synthesizing compounds containing Neu5Gc and derivatives has been proven as a powerful strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Breimer ME, Holgersson J. The Structural Complexity and Animal Tissue Distribution of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (Neu5Gc)-Terminated Glycans. Implications for Their Immunogenicity in Clinical Xenografting. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:57. [PMID: 31428616 PMCID: PMC6690001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)-terminated glycans are present in all animal cells/tissues that are already used in the clinic such as bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) as well as in those that potentially will be xenografted in the future to overcome end stage cell/organ failure. Humans, as a species lack this antigen determinant and can react with an immune response after exposure to Neu5Gc present in these products/cells/tissues. Genetically engineered source animals lacking Neu5Gc has been generated and so has animals that in addition lack the major αGal xenoantigen. The use of cells/tissues/organs from such animals may improve the long-term performance of BHV and allow future xenografting. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding structural complexity and tissue distribution of Neu5Gc on glycans of cells/tissue/organs already used in the clinic or intended for treatment of end stage organ failure by xenografting. In addition, we briefly discuss the role of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the xenorejection process and how knowledge about Neu5Gc structural complexity can be used to design novel diagnostics for anti-Neu5Gc antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Schneider C, Yu H, Bashir S, Chen X, von Gunten S, Padler-Karavani V. Differential Recognition of Diet-Derived Neu5Gc-Neoantigens on Glycan Microarrays by Carbohydrate-Specific Pooled Human IgG and IgA Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1565-1574. [PMID: 30994337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) cover vertebrate cell surface glycans. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are common Sia in mammals. Humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc but accumulate it on cells through red-meat rich diets, generating numerous immunogenic Neu5Gc-neoantigens. Consequently, humans have diverse anti-Neu5Gc antibodies affecting xenotransplantation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and infertility. Anti-Neu5Gc antibodies circulate as IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes; however, repertoires of the different isotypes in a large population have not been studied yet. Here, we used glycan microarrays to investigate anti-Neu5Gc IgGs and IgAs in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or pooled human IgA, respectively. Binding patterns on microarrays fabricated with Neu5Gc- and Neu5Ac-glycans, together with inhibition assays, revealed that different IVIG preparations have highly specific anti-Neu5Gc IgG reactivity with closely related repertoires, while IgAs show cross-reactivity against several Neu5Ac-glycans. Such different anti-Neu5Gc IgG/IgA repertoires in individuals could possibly mediate distinctive effects on human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Salam Bashir
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology , University of Bern , Bern 3010 , Switzerland
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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14
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Dhar C, Sasmal A, Varki A. From "Serum Sickness" to "Xenosialitis": Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc. Front Immunol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31057542 PMCID: PMC6481270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of "serum sickness" more than a century ago in humans transfused with animal sera eventually led to identification of a class of human antibodies directed against glycans terminating in the common mammalian sialic acid N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), hereafter called "Neu5Gc-glycans." The detection of such glycans in malignant and fetal human tissues initially raised the possibility that it was an oncofetal antigen. However, "serum sickness" antibodies were also noted in various human disease states. These findings spurred further research on Neu5Gc, and the discovery that it is not synthesized in the human body due to a human-lineage specific genetic mutation in the enzyme CMAH. However, with more sensitive techniques Neu5Gc-glycans were detected in smaller quantities on certain human cell types, particularly epithelia and endothelia. The likely explanation is metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources, especially red meat of mammalian origin. This incorporated Neu5Gc on glycans appears to be the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen," against which varying levels of "xeno-autoantibodies" are present in all humans. The resulting chronic inflammation or "xenosialitis" may have important implications in human health and disease, especially in conditions known to be aggravated by consumption of red meat. In this review, we will cover the early history of the discovery of "serum sickness" antibodies, the subsequent recognition that they were partly directed against Neu5Gc-glycans, the discovery of the genetic defect eliminating Neu5Gc production in humans, and the later recognition that this was not an oncofetal antigen but the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen." Further, we will present comments about implications for disease risks associated with red meat consumption such as cancer and atherosclerosis. We will also mention the potential utility of these anti-Neu5Gc-glycan antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and provide some suggestions and perspectives for the future. Other reviews in this special issue cover many other aspects of this unusual pathological process, for which there appears to be no other described precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yu H, Duchi R, Perota A, Conchon S, Bachar Abramovitch S, Soulillou JP, Galli C, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2936-2947. [PMID: 30840433 PMCID: PMC6756924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to combat malignant processes. Transformed cells harbor diverse modifications that lead to formation of neoantigens, including aberrantly expressed cell surface carbohydrates. Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a dietary non-human immunogenic carbohydrate that accumulates on human cancer cells, thereby generating neoantigens. In mice, passive immunotherapy with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies inhibits growth of Neu5Gc-positive tumors. Here, we designed an active cancer vaccine immunotherapy strategy to target Neu5Gc-positive tumors. We generated biomimetic glyconanoparticles using engineered αGal knockout porcine red blood cells to form nanoghosts (NGs) that either express (NGpos) or lack expression (NGneg) of Neu5Gc-glycoconjugates in their natural context. We demonstrated that optimized immunization of "human-like" Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah-/- mice with NGpos glyconanoparticles induce a strong, diverse and persistent anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune response. The resulting anti-Neu5Gc IgG antibodies were also detected within Neu5Gc-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Using detailed glycan microarray analysis, we further demonstrate that the kinetics and quality of the immune responses influence the efficacy of the vaccine. These findings reinforce the potential of TACA neoantigens and the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, in particular, as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- FondazioneAvantea Cremona, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding Author: Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel. Tel: +972-3-640-6737. Fax: +972-3-642-2046.
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16
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Bashir S, Leviatan Ben Arye S, Reuven EM, Yu H, Costa C, Galiñanes M, Bottio T, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Presentation Mode of Glycans Affect Recognition of Human Serum anti-Neu5Gc IgG Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:161-168. [PMID: 30500162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of carbohydrates by antibodies can be affected by antigen composition and density. This had been investigated in a variety of controllable multivalent systems using synthetic carbohydrate antigens, yet such effects on anticarbohydrate antibodies in circulating human serum have not been fully addressed thus far. All humans develop a polyclonal and diverse response against carbohydrates containing a nonhuman sialic acid form, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). This red meat-derived monosaccharide is incorporated into a diverse collection of human glycans resulting in circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in human sera. Such antibodies can cause exacerbation of diseases mediated by chronic inflammation such as cancer and atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate how different presentation modes of Neu5Gc-glycans can affect the detection of anti-Neu5Gc IgGs in human serum. Here, we compare serum IgG recognition of Neu5Gc-containing glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and synthetic glycans. First, Neu5Gc-positive or Neu5Gc-deficient mouse strains were used to generate glycopeptides from serum glycoproteins. Then we developed a reproducible ELISA to screen human sera against Neu5Gc-positive glycopeptides for detection of human serum anti-Neu5Gc IgGs. Finally, we evaluated ELISA screens against glycopeptides in comparison with glycoproteins, as well as against elaborated arrays displaying synthetic Neu5Gc-glycans. Our results demonstrate that the presentation mode and diversity of Neu5Gc-glycans are critical for detection of the full collection of human serum anti-Neu5Gc IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Bashir
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben Arye
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Eliran Moshe Reuven
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Cristina Costa
- Infectious Pathology and Transplantation Division , Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908 , Spain
| | - Manuel Galiñanes
- Reparative Therapy of the Heart, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Department of Cardiac Surgery , University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Autonomous University of Barcelona (AUB) , Barcelona , 08035 , Spain
| | - Tomaso Bottio
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Sciences and Public Health , University of Padova , Padova , 35122 , Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 69978 , Israel
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17
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Soulillou JP, Süsal C, Döhler B, Opelz G. No Increase in Colon Cancer Risk Following Induction with Neu5Gc-Bearing Rabbit Anti-T Cell IgG (ATG) in Recipients of Kidney Transplants. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090324. [PMID: 30213027 PMCID: PMC6162487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of a mutation of the gene allowing the synthesis of the Neu5Gc form of neuraminidic acid, humans lack the Neu5Gc present in other mammals and develop anti-Neu5Gc. However, humans can absorb dietary Neu5Gc and normal colon epithelium displays minute amounts of Neu5Gc. The potential "physiological" formation of in situ immune complexes has been proposed as a risk factor for colon cancer and as the link between red meat-rich diet and colon carcinoma. In this article, we took advantage of evidence that polyclonal rabbit IgG (ATG) elicits an immune response against Neu5Gc and we consulted a large data base of allograft recipients treated or not with animal-derived IgG to discuss this hypothesis. Based on data from 173,960 and 38,505 patients without and with ATG induction, respectively, we found no evidence that exposure to higher levels of anti-Neu5Gc is associated with a higher incidence of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
- Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Döhler
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Opelz
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Amon R, Grant OC, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Makeneni S, Nivedha AK, Marshanski T, Norn C, Yu H, Glushka JN, Fleishman SJ, Chen X, Woods RJ, Padler-Karavani V. A combined computational-experimental approach to define the structural origin of antibody recognition of sialyl-Tn, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10786. [PMID: 30018351 PMCID: PMC6050261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold great promise as cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. However, their specificity can be mixed, and detailed characterization is problematic, because antibody-glycan complexes are challenging to crystallize. Here, we developed a generalizable approach employing high-throughput techniques for characterizing the structure and specificity of such mAbs, and applied it to the mAb TKH2 developed against the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn (STn). The mAb specificity was defined by apparent KD values determined by quantitative glycan microarray screening. Key residues in the antibody combining site were identified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the glycan-antigen contact surface was defined using saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR). These features were then employed as metrics for selecting the optimal 3D-model of the antibody-glycan complex, out of thousands plausible options generated by automated docking and molecular dynamics simulation. STn-specificity was further validated by computationally screening of the selected antibody 3D-model against the human sialyl-Tn-glycome. This computational-experimental approach would allow rational design of potent antibodies targeting carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Spandana Makeneni
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Anita K Nivedha
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Tal Marshanski
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Christoffer Norn
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30606, GA, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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19
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Shanthamurthy CD, Jain P, Yehuda S, Monteiro JT, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Subramani B, Lepenies B, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. ABO Antigens Active Tri- and Disaccharides Microarray to Evaluate C-type Lectin Receptor Binding Preferences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6603. [PMID: 29700341 PMCID: PMC5920051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding blood group antigen binding preferences for C-type lectin receptors holds promise for modulating immune responses, since several Gram-negative bacteria express blood group antigens as molecular mimicry to evade immune responses. Herein, we report the synthesis of ABO blood group antigen active tri and disaccharides to investigate the binding specificity with various C-type lectin receptors using glycan microarray. The results of binding preferences show that distinct glycosylation on the galactose and fucose motifs are key for C-type lectin receptor binding and that these interactions occur in a Ca2+-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sharon Yehuda
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - João T Monteiro
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Balamurugan Subramani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
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Gade M, Alex C, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Monteiro JT, Yehuda S, Lepenies B, Padler-Karavani V, Kikkeri R. Microarray Analysis of Oligosaccharide-Mediated Multivalent Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions and Their Heterogeneity. Chembiochem 2018; 19:10.1002/cbic.201800037. [PMID: 29575424 PMCID: PMC6949124 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions (CPIs) are involved in a wide range of biological phenomena. Hence, the characterization and presentation of carbohydrate epitopes that closely mimic the natural environment is one of the long-term goals of glycosciences. Inspired by the multivalency, heterogeneity and nature of carbohydrate ligand-mediated interactions, we constructed a combinatorial library of mannose and galactose homo- and hetero-glycodendrons to study CPIs. Microarray analysis of these glycodendrons with a wide range of biologically important plant and animal lectins revealed that oligosaccharide structures and heterogeneity interact with each other to alter binding preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 (India)
| | - Catherine Alex
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 (India)
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv 69978 (Israel)
| | - João T. Monteiro
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover (Germany)
| | - Sharon Yehuda
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv 69978 (Israel)
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover (Germany)
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Tel-Aviv University, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv 69978 (Israel)
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 (India)
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Amon R, Ben-Arye SL, Engler L, Yu H, Lim N, Berre LL, Harris KM, Ehlers MR, Gitelman SE, Chen X, Soulillou JP, Padler-Karavani V. Glycan microarray reveal induced IgGs repertoire shift against a dietary carbohydrate in response to rabbit anti-human thymocyte therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112236-112244. [PMID: 29348821 PMCID: PMC5762506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have circulating antibodies against diverse glycans containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) due to function-loss mutation of the CMAH gene. This xenogenic non-human carbohydrate is abundant in red meat, xenografts and biotherapeutics. Low levels of diet-derived Neu5Gc is also present on normal human endothelial cells, and together with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies could potentially mediate “xenosialitis” chronic-inflammation. Rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a drug containing polyclonal IgG glycoproteins commonly used as an immunosuppressant in human transplantation and autoimmune diseases. In type-1 diabetes patients, infusion of Neu5Gc-glycosylated ATG caused increased global anti-Neu5Gc response. Here, for the first time we explore changes in anti-Neu5Gc IgG repertoire following the immunization elicited by ATG, compared with the basal antibodies repertoire that reflect exposure to dietary-Neu5Gc. We used glycan microarrays with multiple Neu5Gc-glycans and controls to elucidate eventual differences in ATG-elicited repertoire, before/after ATG administration and track their kinetics (0, 1, 18 and 24 months). Response of all basal-pre-existing Neu5Gc-specific antibodies rapidly increased. This response peaked at one month post-ATG, with enhanced affinity, then resolved at 18–24 months. Induced-antibodies showed expanded diversity and de-novo recognition of different Neu5Gc-glycans, including endogenous glycolipids, that was further validated by affinity-purified anti-Neu5Gc antibodies from patients’ sera. These findings strongly suggest that ATG-induced anti-Neu5Gc IgGs represent a secondary exposure to this dietary carbohydrate-antigen in humans, with immune memory. Given their modified recognition patterns, ATG-evoked anti-Neu5Gc antibodies could potentially mediate biological effects different from pre-existing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Amon
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Limor Engler
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Noha Lim
- Biomarker Discovery Research, Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ludmilla Le Berre
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Kristina M Harris
- Biomarker Discovery Research, Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario R Ehlers
- Clinical Trials Group, Immune Tolerance Network, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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