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Maimaitijiang A, He D, Li D, Li W, Su Z, Fan Z, Li J. Progress in Research of Nanotherapeutics for Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9973. [PMID: 39337463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been widely applied in oncotherapy. However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) has diminished the effectiveness of anticancer drugs against tumor cells. Such resistance often results in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and patient death. Fortunately, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems provide a promising strategy by codelivery of multiple drugs and MDR reversal agents and the skillful, flexible, smart modification of drug targets. Such systems have demonstrated the ability to bypass the ABC transporter biological efflux mechanisms due to drug resistance. Hence, how to deliver drugs and exert potential antitumor effects have been successfully explored, applied, and developed. Furthermore, to overcome multidrug resistance, nanoparticle-based systems have been developed due to their good therapeutic effect, low side effects, and high tumor metastasis inhibition. In view of this, we systematically discuss the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of MDR from nanotherapeutics. Finally, we summarize intriguing ideas and future trends for further research in overcoming MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayitila Maimaitijiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dongze He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dingyang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Zhengding Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Institute of Materia Medica) & College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Galal MA, Al-Rimawi M, Hajeer A, Dahman H, Alouch S, Aljada A. Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4083. [PMID: 38612893 PMCID: PMC11012626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, as evidenced by the increasing incidence rates and high mortality rates, despite the advancements made in chemotherapy. The emergence of chemoresistance further complicates the effectiveness of treatment. However, there is growing interest in the potential of metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjuvant chemotherapy agent in cancer treatment. Although the precise mechanism of action of metformin in cancer therapy is not fully understood, it has been found to have pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of metabolic pathways, reduction in inflammation, and the regulation of cellular proliferation. This comprehensive review examines the anticancer properties of metformin, drawing insights from various studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as from clinical trials and observational research. This review discusses the mechanisms of action involving both insulin-dependent and independent pathways, shedding light on the potential of metformin as a therapeutic agent for different types of cancer. Despite promising findings, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as conflicting outcomes in clinical trials, considerations regarding dosing, and the development of resistance. These challenges highlight the importance of further research to fully harness the therapeutic potential of metformin in cancer treatment. The aims of this review are to provide a contemporary understanding of the role of metformin in cancer therapy and identify areas for future exploration in the pursuit of effective anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Rimawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Samhar Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.G.); (M.A.-R.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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Wu Z, Wang W, Wei L, Zhu S. Current status and frontier tracking of clinical trials on Metformin for cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16931-16946. [PMID: 37698682 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin has been used clinically for more than six decades. Over time, numerous remarkable effects of metformin beyond the clinic have been discovered and discussed. Metformin has been shown to have a favorable impact on cancer therapy in addition to its clinically recognized hypoglycemic effect. However, the antitumor efficacy of metformin in humans has not been clearly demonstrated yet. Hence, a systematic analysis of the existing trials is necessary. METHODS Here, we retrieved clinical trials from the Clinical Trials.gov database to overview the clinical development of metformin for the treatment of cancer, analyze existing clinical results, and summarize some promising applications for specific cancer therapies. RESULTS The potential application of metformin contains three directions: Firstly, improvement of metabolic factors associated with treatment effects, such as insulin resistance and peripheral neuropathy. Secondly, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade effects. Finally, use it for the endocrine treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. CONCLUSION Although the outcomes of metformin as a repurposed agent in some trials have been unsatisfactory, it still has the potential to be used in select cancer therapy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lengyun Wei
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Xu Y, Cai H, Xiong Y, Tang L, Li L, Zhang L, Shen Y, Yang Y, Lin L, Huang J. YAP/TAZ axis was involved in the effects of metformin on breast cancer. J Chemother 2023; 35:627-637. [PMID: 36656142 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2162221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is malignant tumours in women. A large amount of data analysis shows that Metformin has been shown to play a significance role in reducing the risk of breast cancer, but the mechanism remains unclear. The hippo signalling pathway can be involved in the formation, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer. When YAP/TAZ is activated, cells can overcome contact inhibition and enter a state of uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore, YAP/TAZ is considered a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Eighty breast cancer patients, forty cases of triple-negative and forty cases of HER-2+, were included in this study. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to confirm the YAP/TAZ axis was involved in the effects of metformin on breast cancer. EMT plays an important role in breast cancer, including chemoresistance and tumour metastasis. Our results confirmed that YAP could modulate the activity of EMT, which in turn altered tumour resistance. Therefore, MET can inhibit EMT by reducing the expression of YAP, and finally achieve the therapeutic effect of breast cancer. Our findings support metformin as a novel YAP inhibitor and potentially as a novel breast cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongke Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cigrovski Berkovic M, Giovanardi F, Mrzljak A, Lai Q. Prognostic role of metformin in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1289-1300. [PMID: 37664473 PMCID: PMC10473950 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the commonest malignancies associated with significant cancer-related death. The identification of chemo-preventive agents following HCC treatments with the potential to lower the risk of HCC adverse course is intriguing. Metformin, a first-line agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been associated with inhibition of HCC growth. AIM To determine whether metformin can prevent adverse events (i.e., death, tumor progression, and recurrence) after any HCC treatment in T2DM patients. METHODS A systematic review of the published literature was undertaken focused on the role of metformin on outcomes in patients with T2DM and HCC receiving any tumor therapy. A search of the PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Con-trolled Trials Databases was conducted. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (n = 14886 patients) were included in this review. With regard to the risk of death, a decreased risk was reported in cases receiving metformin, although this decrease was not statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, P = 0.42]. When only patients treated with curative strategies were considered, a more marked correlation between metformin and favorable cases was reported (OR = 0.70, P = 0.068). When analyzing palliative treatment, there was no statistical significance in terms of the correlation between metformin and favorable cases (OR = 0.74, P = 0.66). As for the risks of progressive disease and recurrence, no obvious correlation between metformin use and reduced risk was reported. When sub-analyses were performed for patients from different regions, the results for patients from Eastern countries showed a tendency for decreased risk of death in T2DM cases receiving metformin (OR = 0.69, P = 0.17), but the same was not seen in patients from Western countries (OR = 1.19, P = 0.31). CONCLUSION Metformin failed to show a marked impact in preventing adverse effects after HCC treatment. A trend was reported in T2DM cases receiving curative therapies in relation to the risk of death, especially in patients from Eastern regions. Great heterogeneity was reported among the different studies. Further large studies are required to definitively clarify the real impact of metformin as a chemopreventive agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Francesco Giovanardi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00018, Italy
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Quirino Lai
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00018, Italy
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Rosidi B, Priyatno D, Putra TP, Yusuf I. Metformin Induces a Caspase 3-Unrelated Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines HCT116 and SW620. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:475-485. [PMID: 37312884 PMCID: PMC10259592 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the effects of metformin on the proliferation and growth of human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. Materials and Methods The antiproliferative effect of metformin was assayed using an MTS reagent and its ability to inhibit colony formation was demonstrated using a clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry using YO-PRO-1/PI was performed to examine the effects of metformin on apoptosis and cell death of HCT116 and SW620. Caspase 3 activities were measured in caspase-3 activity tests using a caspase-3 activity kit. Furthermore, Western blots were performed with anti-PARP1, anti-caspase 3, and anti-cleaved caspase 3 to confirm whether caspase activation was present or not. Results Both MTS proliferation assays and clonogenic assays showed that metformin inhibited the proliferation and growth of HCT116 and SW620 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis identified early apoptosis and metformin-induced cell death in both cell lines. However, caspase 3 activity could not be detected. Cleavage of both PARP1 and pro-caspase 3 was not observed in the Western blot, confirming the absence of caspase 3 activations. Conclusion This present study suggests a caspase 3-unrelated apoptosis mechanism of metformin-induced cell death in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bustanur Rosidi
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Diana Priyatno
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Pribadi Putra
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Yusuf
- Division of Proteomics, Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology and Medical Science Group, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Abstract
Cellular senescence has become a subject of great interest within the ageing research field over the last 60 years, from the first observation in vitro by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead in 1961, to novel findings of phenotypic sub-types and senescence-like phenotype in post-mitotic cells. It has essential roles in wound healing, tumour suppression and the very first stages of human development, while causing widespread damage and dysfunction with age leading to a raft of age-related diseases. This chapter discusses these roles and their interlinking pathways, and how the observed accumulation of senescent cells with age has initiated a whole new field of ageing research, covering pathologies in the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, brain and bone. This chapter will also examine how senescent cell accumulation presents in these different tissues, along with their roles in disease development. Finally, there is much focus on developing treatments for senescent cell accumulation in advanced age as a method of alleviating age-related disease. We will discuss here the various senolytic and senostatic treatment approaches and their successes and limitations, and the innovative new strategies being developed to address the differing effects of cellular senescence in ageing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reed
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Bhardwaj NJ, Chae K, Sheng JY, Yeh HC. Clinical interventions to break the obesity and cancer link: a narrative review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:719-735. [PMID: 35933566 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excess body weight is a significant risk factor for the development and recurrence of many types of cancer. Patients with a history or current diagnosis of cancer who are overweight or have obesity have an increased risk of cancer treatment-related morbidity, recurrence, and decreased quality of life. Weight loss and maintenance of a healthy body weight may reduce cancer morbidity and recurrence in cancer survivors. While guidelines for cancer survivorship elaborate sufficiently on lifestyle interventions, little guidance is provided when considering additional therapies like anti-obesity pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery for weight loss. This review will highlight and address current recommendations and feasible interventions that clinicians may consider to further reduce the incidence and recurrence of cancer in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul J Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kacey Chae
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hsin-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Scordamaglia D, Cirillo F, Talia M, Santolla MF, Rigiracciolo DC, Muglia L, Zicarelli A, De Rosis S, Giordano F, Miglietta AM, De Francesco EM, Vella V, Belfiore A, Lappano R, Maggiolini M. Metformin counteracts stimulatory effects induced by insulin in primary breast cancer cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:263. [PMID: 35672854 PMCID: PMC9172136 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders are associated with increased incidence, aggressive phenotype and poor outcome of breast cancer (BC) patients. For instance, hyperinsulinemia is an independent risk factor for BC and the insulin/insulin receptor (IR) axis is involved in BC growth and metastasis. Of note, the anti-diabetic metformin may be considered in comprehensive therapeutic approaches in BC on the basis of its antiproliferative effects obtained in diverse pre-clinical and clinical studies. Methods Bioinformatics analysis were performed using the information provided by The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The naturally immortalized BC cell line, named BCAHC-1, as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from BC patients were used as model systems. In order to identify further mechanisms that characterize the anticancer action of metformin in BC, we performed gene expression and promoter studies as well as western blotting experiments. Moreover, cell cycle analysis, colony and spheroid formation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and matrigel drops evasion assays were carried out to provide novel insights on the anticancer properties of metformin. Results We first assessed that elevated expression and activation of IR correlate with a worse prognostic outcome in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC. Thereafter, we established that metformin inhibits the insulin/IR-mediated activation of transduction pathways, gene changes and proliferative responses in BCAHC-1 cells. Then, we found that metformin interferes with the insulin-induced expression of the metastatic gene CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), which we found to be associated with poor disease-free survival in BC patients exhibiting high levels of IR. Next, we ascertained that metformin prevents a motile phenotype of BCAHC-1 cells triggered by the paracrine liaison between tumor cells and CAFs upon insulin activated CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Conclusions Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights regarding the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of metformin in both BC cells and important components of the tumor microenvironment like CAFs. Further investigations are warranted to corroborate the anticancer action of metformin on the tumor mass toward the assessment of more comprehensive strategies halting BC progression, in particular in patients exhibiting metabolic disorders and altered insulin/IR functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03463-y.
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Nitsche LJ, Mukherjee S, Cheruvu K, Krabak C, Rachala R, Ratnakaram K, Sharma P, Singh M, Yendamuri S. Exploring the Impact of the Obesity Paradox on Lung Cancer and Other Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061440. [PMID: 35326592 PMCID: PMC8946288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies have shown that obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, including worse cancer outcomes. Many studies paradoxically suggest a survival benefit for obesity in treatment outcomes of cancers such as non-small-cell lung cancer. This relationship is not seen in animal models. We hypothesize that this relationship is secondary to suboptimal quantification of adiposity, enhanced immunotherapy response, and variables such as sex, medications, and smoking status. There are many ways to measure and classify adiposity, but the ability to distinguish abdominal obesity is likely key in predicting accurate prognosis. There are many ways obesity impacts cancer treatment course from diagnosis to survivorship. In this paper, we aim to analyze the factors contributing to the obesity paradox and its effect on lung cancer. This can aid the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer and may support further research into obesity-specific impacts on this malignancy. Abstract There is a paradoxical relationship between obesity, as measured by BMI, and many types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Obese non-small-cell lung cancer patients have been shown to fare better than their non-obese counterparts. To analyze the multifaceted effects of obesity on oncologic outcomes, we reviewed the literature on the obesity paradox, methods to measure adiposity, the obesity-related derangements in immunology and metabolism, and the oncologic impact of confounding variables such as gender, smoking, and concomitant medications such as statins and metformin. We analyzed how these aspects may contribute to the obesity paradox and cancer outcomes with a focus on lung cancer. We concluded that the use of BMI to measure adiposity is limited and should be replaced by a method that can differentiate abdominal obesity. We also concluded that the concomitant metabolic and immunologic derangements caused by obesity contribute to the obesity paradox. Medications, gender, and smoking are additional variables that impact oncologic outcomes, and further research needs to be performed to solidify the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Joyce Nitsche
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Kareena Cheruvu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cathleen Krabak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Rohit Rachala
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Kalyan Ratnakaram
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Maddy Singh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-8458675
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Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052705. [PMID: 35269852 PMCID: PMC8910543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Type 2 diabetes–associated metabolic traits such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity are well-known risk factors for breast cancer. The insulin sensitizer metformin, one of the most prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs, has been suggested to function as an antitumoral agent, based on epidemiological and retrospective clinical data as well as preclinical studies showing an antiproliferative effect in cultured breast cancer cells and animal models. These benefits provided a strong rationale to study the effects of metformin in routine clinical care of breast cancer patients. However, the initial enthusiasm was tempered after disappointing results in randomized controlled trials, particularly in the metastatic setting. Here, we revisit the current state of the art of metformin mechanisms of action, critically review past and current metformin-based clinical trials, and briefly discuss future perspectives on how to incorporate metformin into the oncologist’s armamentarium for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Orang A, Ali SR, Petersen J, McKinnon RA, Aloia AL, Michael MZ. A functional screen with metformin identifies microRNAs that regulate metabolism in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2889. [PMID: 35190587 PMCID: PMC8861101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and can be used to dissect metabolic pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CRC cell proliferation is inhibited by metformin in a dose dependent manner. MicroRNAs that regulate metabolism could be identified by their ability to alter the effect of metformin on CRC cell proliferation. An unbiased high throughput functional screen of a synthetic micoRNA (miRNA) library was used to identify miRNAs that impact the metformin response in CRC cells. Experimental validation of selected hits identified miRNAs that sensitize CRC cells to metformin through modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle and direct metabolic disruption. Among eight metformin sensitizing miRNAs identified by functional screening, miR-676-3p had both pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest activity in combination with metformin, whereas other miRNAs (miR-18b-5p, miR-145-3p miR-376b-5p, and miR-718) resulted primarily in cell cycle arrest when combined with metformin. Investigation of the combined effect of miRNAs and metformin on CRC cell metabolism showed that miR-18b-5p, miR-145-3p, miR-376b-5p, miR-676-3p and miR-718 affected glycolysis only, while miR-1181 only regulated CRC respiration. MicroRNAs can sensitize CRC cells to the anti-proliferative effects of metformin. Identifying relevant miRNA targets may enable the design of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Orang
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer Program, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Saira R Ali
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer Program, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer Program, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer Program, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Amanda L Aloia
- Cell Screen SA Facility, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute - Cancer Program, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia. .,Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
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13
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El-Khayat SM, Abouegylah M, Abdallah D, Geweil AG, Elenbaby AM, Zahra OS. The effect of metformin when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Med Oncol 2021; 39:1. [PMID: 34739637 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been used to treat type 2 Diabetes Mellitus since long time. It has two proposed anti-neoplastic mechanisms, direct (insulin-independent) and indirect (insulin-dependent) actions. To assess the effect of Metformin on pathological response when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. A prospective study included stage II, III non-diabetic breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our center during the period from May 2017 to March 2019. 59 patients met our inclusion criteria and completed the study, 27 patients received 850 mg Metformin every 12 h with chemotherapy (group A), and 32 patients received chemotherapy without Metformin (group B). Pathological response was assessed by Chevallier classification and residual cancer burden score (RCB). Both groups were well balanced regarding baseline characteristics. The results of our study showed that the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) was 14.8% in group (A) vs. 6.3% in group (B) with a P value of 0.39. RCB class 3 was 40.7% in group (A) vs. 68.8% in group (B) which was statistically significant with a (P value of 0.031). Patients with triple-positive histology who had RCB class 3 were only (14.3%) in group (A) versus (60%) in group B. Patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 who had RCB 3 were 40% and 66.7% in group (A) and (B), respectively. Metformin may increase the pCR especially in patients with BMI ≥ 25 and patients with triple-positive histology, a larger phase III study is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M El-Khayat
- Clinical Oncology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 169 El-hureya Street, Qism Bab Sharqi, Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abouegylah
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina Abdallah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaber Geweil
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A M Elenbaby
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar Shebl Zahra
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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14
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Rasul MF, Salihi A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Hidayat HJ, Taheri M. MicroRNAs: Important Players in Breast Cancer Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:764025. [PMID: 34778378 PMCID: PMC8582349 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.764025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer (BC) is linked to metastasis, facilitated by tumor angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have an essential role in gene expression and are significantly linked to the tumor development and angiogenesis process in different types of cancer, including BC. There's increasing evidence showed that various miRNAs play a significant role in disease processes; specifically, they are observed and over-expressed in a wide range of diseases linked to the angiogenesis process. However, more studies are required to reach the best findings and identify the link among miRNA expression, angiogenic pathways, and immune response-related genes to find new therapeutic targets. Here, we summarized the recent updates on miRNA signatures and their cellular targets in the development of breast tumor angiogenetic and discussed the strategies associated with miRNA-based therapeutic targets as anti-angiogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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15
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Oh S, Cho Y, Chang M, Park S, Kwon H. Metformin Decreases 2-HG Production through the MYC-PHGDH Pathway in Suppressing Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080480. [PMID: 34436421 PMCID: PMC8402004 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biguanide drug metformin has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and there is evidence supporting the anticancer effect of metformin despite some controversy. Here, we report the growth inhibitory activity of metformin in the breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and the associated metabolic changes. In particular, a decrease in a well-known oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) was discovered by a metabolomics approach. The decrease in 2-HG by metformin was accompanied by the reduction in histone methylation, consistent with the known tumorigenic mechanism of 2-HG. The relevance of 2-HG inhibition in breast cancer was also supported by a higher level of 2-HG in human breast cancer tissues. Genetic knockdown of PHGDH identified the PHGDH pathway as the producer of 2-HG in the MCF-7 cells that do not carry isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/IDH2) mutations, the conventional producer of 2-HG. We also showed that metformin’s inhibitory effect on the PHGDH-2HG axis may occur through the regulation of the AMPK-MYC pathway. Overall, our results provide an explanation for the coherent pathway from complex I inhibition to epigenetic changes for metformin’s anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Oh
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Youngup Cho
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Inhang-Ro 27, Chung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyuknam Kwon
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00160 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (S.P.); (H.K.)
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16
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Eibl G, Rozengurt E. Metformin: review of epidemiology and mechanisms of action in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:865-878. [PMID: 34142285 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma continues to be a lethal disease, for which efficient treatment options are very limited. Increasing efforts have been taken to understand how to prevent or intercept this disease at an early stage. There is convincing evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies that the antidiabetic drug metformin possesses beneficial effects in pancreatic cancer, including reducing the risk of developing the disease and improving survival in patients with early-stage disease. This review will summarize the current literature about the epidemiological data on metformin and pancreatic cancer as well as describe the preclinical evidence illustrating the anticancer effects of metformin in pancreatic cancer. Underlying mechanisms and targets of metformin will also be discussed. These include direct effects on transformed pancreatic epithelial cells and indirect, systemic effects on extra-pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Goodwin PJ, Dowling RJO, Ennis M, Chen BE, Parulekar WR, Shepherd LE, Burnell MJ, Vander Meer R, Molckovsky A, Gurjal A, Gelmon KA, Ligibel JA, Hershman DL, Mayer IA, Whelan TJ, Hobday TJ, Rastogi P, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Lemieux J, Thompson AM, Rea DW, Stambolic V. Effect of metformin versus placebo on metabolic factors in the MA.32 randomized breast cancer trial. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:74. [PMID: 34103538 PMCID: PMC8187713 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin may exert anticancer effects through indirect (mediated by metabolic changes) or direct mechanisms. The goal was to examine metformin impact on metabolic factors in non-diabetic subjects and determine whether this impact varies by baseline BMI, insulin, and rs11212617 SNP in CCTG MA.32, a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized adjuvant breast cancer (BC) trial. 3649 subjects with T1-3, N0-3, M0 BC were randomized; pretreatment and 6-month on-treatment fasting plasma was centrally assayed for insulin, leptin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Glucose was measured locally and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) calculated. Genomic DNA was analyzed for the rs11212617 SNP. Absolute and relative change of metabolic factors (metformin versus placebo) were compared using Wilcoxon rank and t-tests. Regression models were adjusted for baseline differences and assessed interactions with baseline BMI, insulin, and the SNP. Mean age was 52 years. The majority had T2/3, node positive, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative BC treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Median baseline body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 kg/m2 (metformin) and 27.3 kg/m2 (placebo). Median weight change was -1.4 kg (metformin) vs +0.5 kg (placebo). Significant improvements were seen in all metabolic factors, with 6 month standardized ratios (metformin/placebo) of 0.85 (insulin), 0.83 (HOMA), 0.80 (leptin), and 0.84 (hsCRP), with no qualitative interactions with baseline BMI or insulin. Changes did not differ by rs11212617 allele. Metformin (vs placebo) led to significant improvements in weight and metabolic factors; these changes did not differ by rs11212617 allele status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | - Bingshu E Chen
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy R Parulekar
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Margot J Burnell
- Department of Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, St. John, NB, Canada
| | - Rachel Vander Meer
- Department of Oncology, Niagara Health System, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Molckovsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Anagha Gurjal
- Abbotsford Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Karen A Gelmon
- University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Dawn L Hershman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia, NY, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Whelan
- McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Rastogi
- NRG Oncology and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manuela Rabaglio-Poretti
- IBCSG and Department of Oncology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel W Rea
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Yenmiş G, Beşli N, Yaprak Saraç E, Hocaoğlu Emre FS, Şenol K, Kanıgür G. Metformin promotes apoptosis in primary breast cancer cells by downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of P53 through an AMPK-alpha independent mechanism. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:826-834. [PMID: 33350292 PMCID: PMC8203121 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1908-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim In the present study we aimed to figure out the effect of metformin on the expression of AMPK-alpha, cyclin D1, and Tp53, and apoptosis in primary breast cancer cells (PBCCs). Materials and methods PBCCs were treated with two doses of metformin (0 mM, 25 mM). Proliferation was determined by BrdU as- say. Real-time PCR was used to assess AMPK-alpha, cyclin D1, and Tp53 gene expressions; apoptotic indexes of PBCCs were analyzed using flow-cytometry. Results Twenty-four–hour incubation with 25 mM metformin reduced the proliferation of PBCCs. AMPK-alpha gene expression in PBCCs was not affected by 25 mM metformin treatment compared with the control group. PBCCs treated with 25 mM metformin had lower cyclin D1 expression compared with nontreated cells; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Twenty-five mil- limolar dose of metformin increased p53 expression significantly compared with the nontreated group. The high concentration of met- formin elevated the number of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells, and the increase in the apoptotic index was statistically significant. Conclusion Metformin can modulate cyclin D1 and p53 expression through AMPK-alpha-independent mechanism in breast cancer cells, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güven Yenmiş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nail Beşli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sağlık Bilimleri University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Yaprak Saraç
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sinem Hocaoğlu Emre
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beykent University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazım Şenol
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gönül Kanıgür
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Investigation into the role of anti-diabetic agents in cachexia associated with metastatic cancer. Life Sci 2021; 274:119329. [PMID: 33711389 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a syndrome associated with cancer, and the global burden is increasing rapidly. Alteration in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism along with systemic inflammation are characteristics of CC. Until now the available treatment for CC is limited to controlling inflammation and nutrition. Anti-diabetics are widely used agents to treat diabetics, this agent's act by regulating the carbohydrate metabolism, also they are known to have beneficial effects in maintaining protein and lipid balance. Role of anti-diabetics in cancer is being evaluated continuously and biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have proven anti-cancer potential. In this study, metastatic B16-F1 cell line induced cancer cachexia model used to evaluate potential of biguanides (metformin), DPP-4 inhibitors (teneligliptin and vildagliptin) and SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin and dapagliflozin) in cancer cachexia. Our results suggest that anti-diabetic agents have potential to decrease rate of proliferation of tumor, restrict body mass markers, decrease inflammation, regulate carbohydrate mechanism and induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy. These findings may be helpful in management of cancer cachexia and increase the quality of life and survival chances of cancer cachexia patient.
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20
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Di Magno L, Manni S, Di Pastena F, Coni S, Macone A, Cairoli S, Sambucci M, Infante P, Moretti M, Petroni M, Nicoletti C, Capalbo C, De Smaele E, Di Marcotullio L, Giannini G, Battistini L, Goffredo BM, Iorio E, Agostinelli E, Maroder M, Canettieri G. Phenformin Inhibits Hedgehog-Dependent Tumor Growth through a Complex I-Independent Redox/Corepressor Module. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1735-1752.e7. [PMID: 32049007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug phenformin displays potent anticancer activity in different tumors, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. Using Shh medulloblastoma as model, we show here that at clinically relevant concentrations, phenformin elicits a significant therapeutic effect through a redox-dependent but complex I-independent mechanism. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), a component of the glycerophosphate shuttle, and causes elevations of intracellular NADH content. Inhibition of mGPD mimics phenformin action and promotes an association between corepressor CtBP2 and Gli1, thereby inhibiting Hh transcriptional output and tumor growth. Because ablation of CtBP2 abrogates the therapeutic effect of phenformin in mice, these data illustrate a biguanide-mediated redox/corepressor interplay, which may represent a relevant target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Cheng L, Zhang X, Huang YZ, Zhu YL, Xu LY, Li Z, Dai XY, Shi L, Zhou XJ, Wei JF, Ding Q. Metformin exhibits antiproliferation activity in breast cancer via miR-483-3p/METTL3/m 6A/p21 pathway. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33431790 PMCID: PMC7801402 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that metformin might be a potential candidate for breast cancer treatment. Yet, its relevant molecular mechanisms remain to be fully investigated. We found that metformin could suppress the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level in breast cancer cells significantly. The latter has an essential role in breast cancer progression and is newly considered as a therapeutic target. In this study, we measured the m6A level by m6A colorimetric analysis and dot blot assay. We then performed qRT-PCR, western blot, MeRIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and others to explore the m6A-dependent pathway associated with metformin. In vivo effect of metformin was investigated using a mouse tumorigenicity model. In addition, breast cancer and normal tissues were used to determine the role of METTL3 in breast cancer. Metformin could reduce the m6A level via decreasing METTL3 expression mediated by miR-483-3p in breast cancer. METTL3 is known to be able to promote breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating the p21 expression by an m6A-dependent manner. Metformin can take p21 as the main target to inhibit such effect. To specify, this study exhibited that metformin can inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation through the pathway miR-483-3p/METTL3/m6A/p21. Our findings suggest that METTL3 may be considered as a potential therapeutic target of metformin for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Huang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Dai
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Leng W, Pu D, Jiang J, Lei X, Wu Q, Chen B. Effect of Metformin on Breast Density in Overweight/Obese Premenopausal Women. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4423-4432. [PMID: 34764661 PMCID: PMC8572728 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s330625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of metformin on breast density in overweight/obese premenopausal women. METHODS Overweight/obese premenopausal women (n=120) were randomly assigned to the metformin or placebo group, and all women received lifestyle interventions. The outcomes included weight, BMI, FPG, FIN, glucose, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC, SBP, DBP, FSH, E, AD, and the BIRADS grade, and the incidence of breast cancer was assessed by pathological biopsy and BIRADS grade greater than 4. RESULTS In total, 120 overweight/obese women completed the 1-year trial. Seven patients had a BIRADS grade greater than 4, including 5 patients who were biopsy positive, in the control group, and 2 patients had a BIRADS grade greater than 4, including 1 patient who was biopsy positive, in the metformin group. Compared with those in the control group, the body weight, BMI, FIN, FPG, HOMA-IR, TC, BIRADS grade and positive pathological biopsy rate in the metformin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while AD was significantly increased (P<0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that the BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with weight, BMI, FPG, FIN, HOMA-IR, SBP, AD and the positive pathological biopsy rate, and the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with weight, BMI, HOMA-IR, SBP, AD and BIRADS grade. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with the positive pathological biopsy rate and AD and that the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with the BIRADS grade. CONCLUSION As adjunctive therapy, the combination of lifestyle changes and metformin was found to be a safe strategy for improving related metabolic markers and increasing adiponectin. The BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with the positive pathological biopsy rate and AD, and the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with the BIRADS grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Leng
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danlan Pu
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Lei
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Dazu Hospital, Dazu District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qinan Wu; Bing Chen Email ;
| | - Bing Chen
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:913-922. [PMID: 33256885 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000478x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD has been investigated widely, but few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns (DP) and the predicted CVD, derived from reduced rank regression (RRR). The objectives of this study were to derive DP using RRR and principal component analysis (PCA) and investigate their associations with the MetS and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). We used the baseline dataset from the Xinjiang multi-ethnic cohort study in China, collected from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 14 982 subjects aged 35-74 years from Urumqi, Huo Cheng and Mo Yu were included in the analysis. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated using the Chinese ASCVD risk equations. The associations of DP with the MetS and 10-year ASCVD were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. In Urumqi and Mo Yu, the increased RRR DP score was associated with a higher OR of having the MetS and with a higher OR of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. However, only the first DP determined by PCA in Urumqi was inversely associated with the MetS and elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. The prevalence of the MetS and elevated ASCVD risk in urban population is higher than that in rural areas. Our results may help nutritionists develop more targeted dietary strategies to prevent the MetS and ASCVD in different regions in China.
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24
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Xu T, Xu X, Liu PC, Mao H, Ju S. Transcriptomic Analyses and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Pancreatic Cancer With Concomitant Diabetes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563527. [PMID: 33251135 PMCID: PMC7672183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, which is increasingly acknowledged as being associated with an increased risk for a series of cancers. Pancreatic cancer is currently the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality, which has been proved to be worsened by internal diabetic condition. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are less addressed. Furthermore, current knowledge revealed that therapeutic strategy by anti-diabetes for pancreatic cancer under diabetes condition have no satisfactory efficacy, and nor by chemotherapy in our study. METHODS To clarify these mysteries and widen our knowledge, both obesity-associated and non-obese-associated T2DM mouse models were generated by chemical induction with streptozotocin (STZ) and leptin receptor knockout (db/db) in mice. Then, the process of tumor progression was researched, and the gene expression profiling of pancreatic cancer in mice was performed using RNA-seq. RESULTS Our results showed that pancreatic cancer malignancy was increased with notable proliferation and metastatic potential in two diabetic mice model. Totally, 136 and 64 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in STZ and db/db mice by transcriptomic analysis. The results also suggested that different carcinogenesis-related genes and potential molecular mechanisms contribute to the malignancy of pancreatic cancer in obesity-associated and non-obesity-associated T2DM. In obesity-associated db/db mice, the GO subcategories associated with most of the genes with downregulated expression are involved in the immune response. However, in non-obesity-associated STZ mice, in addition to the immune response category, the enriched subcategories also included angiogenesis and the extracellular matrix. While, two genes respectively encoding MMP-2 and MMP-9 were simultaneously abnormal up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue from diabetic mice of both STZ and db/db, that could act as potential therapeutic targets for significantly suppressing the malignant progression. Furthermore, an optimizing therapeutic strategy was further proposed that combining MMP-2/9 inhibitor with gemcitabine significantly enhanced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer under diabetic condition, providing a theoretical basis for clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS Generally, this study provides a comprehensive insight into diabetes as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer and has the potential to guide the development of enhanced treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Liu
- The College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Jones VC, Dietze EC, Jovanovic-Talisman T, McCune JS, Seewaldt VL. Metformin and Chemoprevention: Potential for Heart-Healthy Targeting of Biologically Aggressive Breast Cancer. Front Public Health 2020; 8:509714. [PMID: 33194937 PMCID: PMC7658387 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.509714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, tamoxifen is the only drug approved for reduction of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. The significant cardiovascular side effects of tamoxifen, coupled with lack of a survival benefit, potential for genotoxicity, and failure to provide a significant risk-reduction for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, all contribute to the low acceptance of tamoxifen chemoprevention in premenopausal women at high-risk for breast cancer. While other prevention options exist for postmenopausal women, there is a search for well-tolerated prevention agents that can simultaneously reduce risk of breast cancers, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes. Metformin is a well-tolerated oral biguanide hypoglycemic agent that is prescribed worldwide to over 120 million individuals with type-2 diabetes. Metformin is inexpensive, safe during pregnancy, and the combination of metformin, healthy lifestyle, and exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing diabetes. There is a growing awareness that prevention drugs and interventions should make the “whole woman healthy.” To this end, current efforts have focused on finding low toxicity alternatives, particularly repurposed drugs for chemoprevention of breast cancer, including metformin. Metformin's mechanisms of actions are complex but clearly involve secondary lowering of circulating insulin. Signaling pathways activated by insulin also drive biologically aggressive breast cancer and predict poor survival in women with breast cancer. The mechanistic rationale for metformin chemoprevention is well-supported by the scientific literature. Metformin is cheap, safe during pregnancy, and has the potential to provide heart-healthy breast cancer prevention. On-going primary and secondary prevention trials will provide evidence whether metformin is effective in preventing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C Jones
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Eric C Dietze
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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26
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Metformin: A Possible Option in Cancer Chemotherapy. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:7180923. [PMID: 32399389 PMCID: PMC7201450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7180923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for a long time as an antidiabetic medication for type 2 diabetes. It is used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications. The drug came into prominence in diabetes and other conditions with cardiovascular risk after the landmark study of 1995 by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study which emphasized its importance. However, the drug has been used in experimental trials in various aspects of medicine and pharmacology such as in reproductive medicine, cancer chemotherapy, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been in use in the treatment of polycystic ovarian disease and obesity and is being considered in type 1 diabetes. This study seeks to evaluate the relevance of metformin in cancer management. Different mechanisms have been proposed for its antitumor action which involves the following: (a) the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase, (b) modulation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA), (c) reduction in insulin/insulin growth factors, and (d) the role of metformin in the inhibition of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS); and its resultant damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is another paramount antitumor mechanism.
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27
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Brown KA, Andreopoulou E, Andreopoulou P. Endocrine Therapy-related Endocrinopathies-Biology, Prevalence and Implications for the Management of Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:17-22. [PMID: 33841882 DOI: 10.17925/ohr.2020.16.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 270,000 new breast cancer cases are predicted to be diagnosed in the USA in 2019 with more than 70% being estrogen receptor positive and treated using endocrine therapy. The suppression of estrogen biosynthesis or action via the use of ovarian suppression, aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators/degraders, respectively, is effective in approximately 70% of women. The systemic inhibition of estrogen during breast cancer treatment is also associated with side effects due to the important endocrine functions of this steroid hormone, including its role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and bone health. The current work will present perspectives of the impact of endocrine therapy from the point of view of breast medical oncology, endocrinology, and basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Inhibition of mTORC1/P70S6K pathway by Metformin synergistically sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Ara-C. Life Sci 2020; 243:117276. [PMID: 31926250 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chemo-resistance still was the main obstacle for AML patients, more effective and less toxic forms of therapies were desperately needed. Metformin, a classic hypoglycemic drug for diabetes recently delivered us a new identity that it exerted anti-tumor activity through suppressing mTOR in various tumors. But the anti-tumor effect of metformin in AML was not clear. METHODS In this study, we used CCK8 assay and apoptosis assay to determine the anti-leukemia activity of metformin combined with AraC, and explore the mechanism of the joint role of Ara-C/metformin in AML. We finally used xenograft experiment in mice to determine the anti-leukemia effect of Ara-C/metformin in vivo. KEY FINDINGS We found that metformin could synergistically sensitize AML cells to Ara-C via inhibiting mTORC1/P70S6K pathway. In vivo experiment also verified metformin in aid of Ara-C caused an obviously synergistic anti-tumor effect. SIGNIFICANCE We firstly found the synergistic anti-tumor effect of Ara-C/metformin in AML through inhibiting mTORC1/P70S6K pathway.
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29
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Shukla SK, Kulkarni NS, Chan A, Parvathaneni V, Farrales P, Muth A, Gupta V. Metformin-Encapsulated Liposome Delivery System: An Effective Treatment Approach against Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110559. [PMID: 31661947 PMCID: PMC6920889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at developing metformin hydrochloride (Met) encapsulated liposomal vesicles for enhanced therapeutic outcomes at reduced doses against breast cancer. Liposomal Met was prepared using thin-film hydration through various loading methods; passive loading, active loading, and drug-loaded lipid film. The drug-loaded film method exhibited maximum entrapment efficiency (~65%) as compared to active loading (~25%) and passive loading (~5%) prepared Met-loaded liposomes. The therapeutic efficacy of these optimized liposomes was evaluated for cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, inhibition of metastatic activity, and apoptosis-inducing activity. Results demonstrated significantly superior activity of positively charged liposomes resulting in reduced IC50 values, minimal cell migration activity, reduced colony formation, and profound apoptosis-induced activity in breast cancer cells as compared to Met. The anti-tumor activity was investigated using a clinically relevant in vitro tumor simulation model, which confirmed enhanced anti-tumorigenic property of liposomal Met over Met itself. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Met-loaded liposomes for improving the efficacy and therapeutic effect of Met against breast cancer. With the results obtained, it can be speculated that liposomal encapsulation of metformin offers a potentially promising and convenient approach for enhanced efficacy and bioavailability in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal K Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Amanda Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Vineela Parvathaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Pamela Farrales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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30
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Carvalho MJ, Subtil S, Rodrigues Â, Oliveira J, Figueiredo-Dias M. Controversial association between polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:125-132. [PMID: 31693949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) risk factors overlap with breast cancer, and the hormonal profile may be implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to report a literature review considering epidemiological and molecular mechanisms that correlate PCOS and breast cancer, as well as the influence of PCOS treatment on the incidence of breast cancer. Epidemiological studies failed to adjust potential variables that affect the risk and have thus provided inconclusive results. Molecular effects of androgenic pathways in breast cancer have been studied and androgens seem to have an inhibitory effect on mammary epithelial proliferation. However, increased bioavailable androgens were associated with recurrence of breast cancer due to conversion to oestrogens. Sex hormone-binding globulin has a role in hormone-dependent cancers and can be considered a marker for PCOS; a gene profile has already been linked to breast cancer risk in these patients. PCOS medical treatment is a promising tool for stratifying breast cancer risk due to the metabolic influence and hormonal environment. Clinical reports are inconsistent, emphasizing the need for further studies with a prospective design. In the future, the role of pharmacological interventions in PCOS will increase knowledge and awareness of breast cancer pathogenesis and will help to refine breast cancer risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Carvalho
- University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra, Portugal; Gynaecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Simone Subtil
- University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra, Portugal; Gynaecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Rodrigues
- University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra, Portugal; Gynaecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra, Portugal; Gynaecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Dias
- University Clinic of Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, CACC, Coimbra, Portugal; Gynaecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Keshandehghan A, Nikkhah S, Tahermansouri H, Heidari-Keshel S, Gardaneh M. Co-Treatment with Sulforaphane and Nano-Metformin Molecules Accelerates Apoptosis in HER2+ Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Key Molecules. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:835-848. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1655073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Keshandehghan
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Nikkhah
- Department of Chemistry, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - H. Tahermansouri
- Department of Chemistry, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - S. Heidari-Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Gardaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Chen H, Cook LS, Tang MTC, Hill DA, Wiggins CL, Li CI. Relationship between Diabetes and Diabetes Medications and Risk of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1802-1808. [PMID: 31395589 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II diabetes and certain diabetes treatments have been observed to impact breast cancer risk. However, their associations with different breast cancer molecular subtype defined by estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER2 status are unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective multi-center population-based case-case study consisting of 4,557 breast cancer cases to evaluate the impact of type II diabetes and diabetes medications on the risk of different breast cancer molecular subtypes [ER+/HER2-, ER+/HER2+, triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-), and HER2 overexpressing (H2E, ER-/PR-/HER2+)]. Using ER+/HER2- cases as the reference group, we estimated ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each subtype using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with those without a diabetes history, women with type II diabetes had a 38% (95% CI, 1.01-1.89) increased odds of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Current and longer term recent metformin use (13-24 months of treatment within the 24-month period prior to breast cancer diagnosis) was associated with elevated odds of TNBC (OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.22 and OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13-2.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The odds of having a triple-negative rather than ER+/HER2- breast cancer is greater for women with type II diabetes, and particularly for those who were users of metformin. This finding is supported by some preclinical data suggesting that diabetes may be more strongly associated with risk of triple-negative disease. IMPACT Our study provides novel evidence regarding potential differential effects of type II diabetes and metformin use on risk of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mei-Tzu C Tang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deirdre A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Charles L Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christopher I Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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33
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Roshan MH, Shing YK, Pace NP. Metformin as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119865114. [PMID: 31360518 PMCID: PMC6637843 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119865114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in females. It is an etiologically complex disease driven by a multitude of cellular pathways. The proliferation and spread of breast cancer is intimately linked to cellular glucose metabolism, given that glucose is an essential cellular metabolic substrate and that insulin signalling has mitogenic effects. Growing interest has focused on anti-diabetic agents in the management of breast cancer. Epidemiologic studies show that metformin reduces cancer incidence and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo research provides intriguing insight into the cellular mechanisms behind the oncostatic effects of metformin. This article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms in which metformin may elicit its anti-cancerous effects and discuss its potential role as an adjuvant in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Hk Roshan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Yan K Shing
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Nikolai P Pace
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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34
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Lafrenière J, Carbonneau É, Laramée C, Corneau L, Robitaille J, Labonté MÈ, Lamarche B, Lemieux S. Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1597. [PMID: 31337138 PMCID: PMC6683076 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify key elements from the 2007 Canada's Food Guide that should be included in a diet quality score aiming to reflect the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary intakes of 998 adults (mean age: 43.2 years, 50% women) were used to obtain the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI 2007) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) scores, as well as a dietary pattern (DP) generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. Based on these three scores, a modified version of the C-HEI 2007 (Modified C-HEI) was then proposed. The prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was examined across diet quality scores using multivariate binomial regression analysis. A higher AHEI, Modified C-HEI, and a lower score for DP were all associated with a significantly lower prevalence of MetS (PR = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28, 0.64; PR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.23, 0.63; and PR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.31, 0.74, respectively), whereas C-HEI 2007 was not (PR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47, 1.00). Results suggest that a Modified C-HEI that considers key elements from the C-HEI 2007 and the AHEI, as well the DP, shows that participants with a higher score are less likely to have MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe Lafrenière
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine Laramée
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louise Corneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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35
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Cai H, Everett RS, Thakker DR. Efficacious dose of metformin for breast cancer therapy is determined by cation transporter expression in tumours. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2724-2735. [PMID: 31032880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been extensively reported that the leading anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts significant anticancer effects. This hydrophilic, cationic drug requires cation transporters for cellular entry where it activates its intracellular target, the AMPK signalling pathway. However, clinical results on metformin therapy (used at antidiabetic doses) for breast cancer are ambiguous. It is likely that the antidiabetic dose is inadequate in patients that have breast tumours with low cation transporter expression, resulting in non-responsiveness to the drug. We postulate that cation transporter expression and metformin dose are key determinants in its antitumour efficacy in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antitumour efficacy of metformin was compared between low cation transporter-expressing MCF-7 breast tumours and MCF-7 tumours overexpressing organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3-MCF7). A dose-response relationship of metformin in combination with standard-of-care paclitaxel (for oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast tumours) or carboplatin (for triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumours) was investigated in xenograft mice. KEY RESULTS Metformin had greater efficacy against tumours with higher cation transporter expression, as observed in OCT3-MCF7 versus MCF-7 tumours and MDA-MB-468 versus MCF-7 tumours. In MCF-7 tumours, a threefold higher metformin dose was required to achieve intratumoural exposure that was comparable to exposure in MDA-MB-468 tumours and enhance antitumour efficacy of standard-of-care in MCF-7 tumours versus MDA-MB-468 tumours. Antitumour efficacy correlated with intratumoural AMPK activation and metformin concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An efficacious metformin dose for breast cancer varies among tumour subtypes based on cation transporter expression, which provides a useful guide for dose selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruth S Everett
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dhiren R Thakker
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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36
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Metformin in breast cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100488. [PMID: 31235186 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a well-acknowledged biguanide, safety profile and multiaction drug with low cost for management of type 2 diabetes, makes a first-class candidate for repurposing. The off-patent drug draws huge attention for repositioned for anticancer drug delivery recently. Still few unanswered questions are challenging, among them one leading question; can metformin use as a generic therapy for all breast cancer subtypes? And is metformin able to get over the problem of drug resistance? The review focused on the mechanisms of metformin action specifically for breast cancer therapy and overcoming the resistance; also discusses preclinical and ongoing and completed clinical trials. The existing limitation such as therapeutic dose specifically for cancer treatment, resistance of metformin in breast cancer and organic cation transporters heterogeneity of the drug opens up a new pathway for improved understanding and successful application as repurposed effective chemotherapeutics for breast cancer. However, much more additional research is needed to confirm the accurate efficacy of metformin treatment for prevention of cancer and its recurrence.
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37
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Xu T, Chang D, Cai Y, Min S, Ma Y, Mao H, Ju S. Targeting of an antecedent proteinase by an activatable probe with deep tissue penetration facilitates early visualization and dynamic malignancy evaluation of orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3320-3333. [PMID: 31210201 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal and most commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, early detection with an effective approach is vital. However, due to the anatomical stealthiness and hypovascular features of PDAC, clinically available imaging techniques lack specificity and sensitivity for early detection. As important components of the tumour microenvironment, elevated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels during the early stages of tumour formation lead to tumour invasion and metastases by degrading the extracellular matrix. Thus, in the current study, we hypothesized that MMPs might be promising markers for early visualization and prognosis evaluation of PDAC. An MMP activatable probe, I780BP-PEG12, was synthesized utilizing a long wavelength near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore that could map the dynamic development of orthotopic PDAC in vivo with deep tissue penetration. Elevated MMP activity in tumours was detected as early as 4 days after tumour transplantation. At that time, the tumour diameter was approximately 3 mm, which is much smaller than the size visualized by clinical approaches. Furthermore, much higher levels of MMP activity were detected in PDAC under diabetic conditions, which promote the malignant actions of tumours. By noninvasively monitoring MMP alteration, tumour growth, and prognostic evaluation, we found that malignant actions under diabetic conditions were reversed by inhibition of MMPs. Generally, in addition to earlier visualization of PDAC, a probe targeting MMPs can facilitate dynamic monitoring of tumour progression and inhibitory treatment in vivo, which is beneficial for personal therapeutic strategy planning and optimization of PDAC management, especially for diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shudan Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Li Y, Luo J, Lin MT, Zhi P, Guo WW, Han M, You J, Gao JQ. Co-Delivery of Metformin Enhances the Antimultidrug Resistant Tumor Effect of Doxorubicin by Improving Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2966-2979. [PMID: 31095914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line chemo drug for cancer therapy, yet it fails to treat multi-drug-resistant tumors. Hypoxia is a major causative factor leading to chemotherapy failure. Particularly, hypoxia up-regulates its responsive transcription factor-hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-to induce the overexpression of drug resistant genes. Metformin (MET) is recently found to cooperate with DOX against multiple tumors. As a mitochondrial inhibitor, MET could suppress tumor oxygen consumption, and thereby modulate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In this study, we used cationic liposomes to codeliver both DOX and MET for treating multi-drug-resistant breast cancer cells-MCF7/ADR. Faster release of MET enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX through attenuating hypoxic stress both in vivo and in vitro. MET diminished the cellular oxygen consumption and inhibited HIF1α and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in vitro. In addition, the dual-drug-loaded liposomes increased tumor targeting and intratumoral blood oxygen saturation, which suggested that the tumor reoxygenation effect of MET facilitated the exertion of its synergistic activity with DOX against MCF7/ADR xenografts. In general, our study represents a feasible strategy to boost the therapeutic effect in treating multi-drug-resistant cancer by improving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ting Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Wei Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Shehata M, Kim H, Vellanki R, Waterhouse PD, Mahendralingam M, Casey AE, Koritzinsky M, Khokha R. Identifying the murine mammary cell target of metformin exposure. Commun Biol 2019; 2:192. [PMID: 31123716 PMCID: PMC6527562 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of breast cancer makes current therapies challenging. Metformin, the anti-diabetic drug, has shown promising anti-cancer activities in epidemiological studies and breast cancer models. Yet, how metformin alters the normal adult breast tissue remains elusive. We demonstrate metformin intake at a clinically relevant dose impacts the hormone receptor positive (HR+) luminal cells in the normal murine mammary gland. Metformin decreases total cell number, progenitor capacity and specifically reduces DNA damage in normal HR+ luminal cells, decreases oxygen consumption rate and increases cell cycle length of luminal cells. HR+ luminal cells demonstrate the lowest levels of mitochondrial respiration and capacity to handle oxidative stress compared to the other fractions, suggesting their intrinsic susceptibility to long-term metformin exposure. Uncovering HR+ luminal cells in the normal mammary gland as the major cell target of metformin exposure could identify patients that would most benefit from repurposing this anti-diabetic drug for cancer prevention/therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shehata
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Hyeyeon Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Ravi Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Paul D. Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | | | - Alison E. Casey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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40
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Insulin, estradiol levels and body mass index in pre- and post-menopausal women with breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Central role of Yes-associated protein and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif in pancreatic cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1797-1816. [PMID: 31057295 PMCID: PMC6478619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC. Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network. Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW-domain-containing transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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42
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El-Sisi AE, Sokar SS, El-Sayad ME, Moussa EA, Salim EI. Anticancer effect of metformin against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis is through AMPK pathway and modulation of oxidative stress markers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:703-712. [PMID: 30924377 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119839192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin, the type 2 anti-diabetes medication, showed antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms behind the metformin anticancer effect against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS Rats received 10 doses of PhIP (75 mg/kg, p.o., days 1-5 and 8-12). Then, rats were treated with metformin for 26 weeks at a dose of 2 mg/ml in drinking water. KEY FINDINGS Metformin antitumor effect was mediated by increasing the adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) activity, liver kinase B1, and decreasing the aromatase and insulin levels compared with the PhIP-administered group. Also, this treatment resulted in a significant decrease in mammary tissue oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile. In parallel, mammary gland tumors found in PhIP+metformin group were all histologically benign included only (hyperplasia). However, most of the mammary gland tumors found in PhIP group were histologically malignant. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that metformin antitumor effect was mediated through AMPK pathway, reducing oxidative stress and serum lipid levels. This study supports the potential benefit of using metformin as adjuvant therapy during breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E El-Sisi
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - S S Sokar
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M E El-Sayad
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E A Moussa
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E I Salim
- 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2016, 8.9 million people are estimated to have died from various forms of cancer. The current treatments, including surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, are not effective enough to provide full protection from cancer, which highlights the need for developing novel therapy strategies. In this review, we summarize the molecular biology of a unique member of a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinase, TYRO3 and discuss the new insights in TYRO3-targeted treatment for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Hsu
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Jou
- 2 College of Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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44
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WITHDRAWN: Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with the Histopathological Features of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Women. Clin Breast Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Ross KH, Gogineni K, Subhedar PD, Lin JY, McCullough LE. Obesity and cancer treatment efficacy: Existing challenges and opportunities. Cancer 2019; 125:1588-1592. [PMID: 30633328 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Ross
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Preeti D Subhedar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jolinta Y Lin
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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46
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Zheng H, Wu J, Huang H, Meng C, Li W, Wei T, Su Z. Metabolomics analysis of the protective effect of rubusoside on palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in INS-1 cells using UPLC-Q/TOF MS. Mol Omics 2019; 15:222-232. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most severe chronic diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Pharmaceutical College
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Hong Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Chunmei Meng
- Life Sciences Institute
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Weidong Li
- Life Sciences Institute
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Tianli Wei
- Pharmaceutical College
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning 530021
- China
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47
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El-Fatatry BM, Ibrahim OM, Hussien FZ, Mostafa TM. Role of metformin in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with stage III colorectal cancer: randomized, controlled study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:1675-1683. [PMID: 29931409 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral sensory neuropathy is the most prominently reported adverse effect of oxaliplatin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate metformin role in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From November 2014 to May 2016, 40 patients with stage III colorectal cancer completed 12 cycles of FOLFOX-4 regimen. Twenty patients in the control arm received FOLFOX-4 regimen only, and 20 patients in the metformin arm, received the same regimen along with metformin 500 mg three times daily. The metformin efficacy was evaluated using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE version 4.0), a12-item neurotoxicity questionnaire (Ntx-12) from the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group and, the brief pain inventory short form "worst pain" item. In addition to neurotensin, malondialdehyde and interleukin-6 serum levels assessment. RESULTS At the end of the 12th cycle, there were less patients with grade 2 and 3 neuropathy in metformin arm as compared to control arm. (60 versus 95%, P = 0.009) In addition, metformin arm showed significantly higher total scores of Ntx-12 questionnaire than control arm (24.0 versus 19.2, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean pain score in metformin arm was significantly lower than those of control arm, (6.7 versus 7.3, P = 0.005). Mean serum levels of malondialdehyde and neurotensin were significantly lower in metformin arm after the 6th and the 12th cycles. CONCLUSION Metformin may be a promising drug in protecting colorectal cancer patients against oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral sensory neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma Zakaria Hussien
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mohamed Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Martin-Castillo B, Pernas S, Dorca J, Álvarez I, Martínez S, Pérez-Garcia JM, Batista-López N, Rodríguez-Sánchez CA, Amillano K, Domínguez S, Luque M, Stradella A, Morilla I, Viñas G, Cortés J, Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Fernández-Arroyo S, Segura-Carretero A, Joven J, Pérez E, Bosch N, Garcia M, López-Bonet E, Saidani S, Buxó M, Menendez JA. A phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant metformin in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy in women with early HER2-positive breast cancer: the METTEN study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35687-35704. [PMID: 30479698 PMCID: PMC6235018 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The METTEN study assessed the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of adding metformin to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab in early HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). Women with primary, non-metastatic HER2-positive BC were randomized (1:1) to receive metformin (850 mg twice-daily) for 24 weeks concurrently with 12 cycles of weekly paclitaxel plus trastuzumab, followed by four cycles of 3-weekly FE75C plus trastuzumab (arm A), or equivalent regimen without metformin (arm B), followed by surgery. Primary endpoint was the rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in the per-protocol efficacy population. pCR rate was numerically higher in the metformin-containing arm A (19 of 29 patients [65.5%, 95% CI: 47.3-80.1]) than in arm B (17 of 29 patients [58.6%, 95% CI: 40.7-74.5]; OR 1.34 [95% CI: 0.46-3.89], P = 0.589). The rate of breast-conserving surgery was 79.3% and 58.6% in arm A and B (P = 0.089), respectively. Blood metformin concentrations (6.2 μmol/L, 95% CI: 3.6-8.8) were within the therapeutic range. Seventy-six percent of patients completed the metformin-containing regimen; 13% of patients in arm A dropped out because of metformin-related gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common adverse events (AEs) of grade ≥3 were neutropenia in both arms and diarrhea in arm A. None of the serious AEs was deemed to be metformin-related. Addition of anti-diabetic doses of metformin to a complex neoadjuvant regimen was well tolerated and safe. Because the study was underpowered relative to its primary endpoint, the efficacy data should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dorca
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Álvarez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Norberto Batista-López
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - César A. Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kepa Amillano
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Severina Domínguez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Luque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agostina Stradella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Idoia Morilla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elsa Pérez
- Department of Radiology-IDI, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Neus Bosch
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Margarita Garcia
- Clinical Research Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni López-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Samiha Saidani
- Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
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Wahdan-Alaswad RS, Edgerton SM, Salem HS, Thor AD. Metformin Targets Glucose Metabolism in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4. [PMID: 29780974 PMCID: PMC5959056 DOI: 10.4172/2476-2261.1000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely administered anti-diabetic agent worldwide. In patients receiving metformin for metabolic syndrome or diabetes, it reduces the incidence and improves the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients. We have previously shown that metformin is particularly potent against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a reduction of proliferation, oncogenicity and motility, inhibition of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways and induction of apoptosis. These BCs are well recognized to be highly dependent on glucose/glucosamine (metabolized through anaerobic glycolysis) and lipids, which are metabolized for the production of energy and cellular building blocks to sustain a high rate of proliferation. We have previously demonstrated that metformin inhibits lipid metabolism, specifically targeting fatty acid synthase (FASN), cholesterol biosynthesis and GM1 lipid rafts in TNBC. We also reported that glucose promotes phenotypic aggression and reduces metformin efficacy. We now show that metformin inhibits several key enzymes requisite to glucose metabolism in TNBC, providing additional insight into why metformin is especially toxic to this subtype of BC. Our data suggests that the use of metformin to target key metabolic defects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in cancer may be broadly applicable, especially against highly aggressive malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wahdan-Alaswad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - S M Edgerton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - H S Salem
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - A D Thor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
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50
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Wang Z, Olumi AF. Metformin: an antiproliferative agent and methylation regulator in treating prostatic disease? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F407-F411. [PMID: 29117997 PMCID: PMC5899225 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00443.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing drugs that have been used in clinical practice for other purposes can prove useful for reutilization, since much of the safety profile and pharmacokinetics have been completed. Therefore, the drugs can enter clinical practice for a variety of causes with less regulatory burden. Metformin may prove to be such a drug; it may have a role in other diseases, besides the management of diabetes. In this perspective, we provide our findings and understanding of metformin as an alternative way to treat urological abnormal proliferation. We propose the potential mechanisms into two hallmarks: direct antiproliferative function via insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway and epigenetic modulating via adjusting DNA methylation. These specific hallmarks may ultimately contribute to a better understanding of metformin in treating prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aria F. Olumi
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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