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Xue Y, Wang Y, Chen T, Peng L, Wang C, Xue G, Yu S. DJ-1 regulates astrocyte activation through miR-155/SHP-1 signaling in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39323054 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Reactive astrocyte activation in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury gives rise to two distinct subtypes: the neurotoxic A1 type and the neuroprotective A2 type. DJ-1 (Parkinson disease protein 7, PARK7), originally identified as a Parkinson's disease-associated protein, is a multifunctional anti-oxidative stress protein with molecular chaperone and signaling functions. SHP-1 (Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase closely associated with cellular signal transduction. miR-155 is a microRNA that participates in cellular functions by regulating gene expression. Recent studies have uncovered the relationship between DJ-1 and astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection, which may be related to its antioxidant properties and regulation of signaling molecules such as SHP-1. Furthermore, miR-155 may exert its effects by influencing SHP-1, providing a potential perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of stroke. A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model were established to simulate focal cerebral I/R injury in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The in vivo interaction between DJ-1 and SHP-1 has been experimentally validated through immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of DJ-1 attenuates I/R injury and suppresses miR-155 expression. In addition, inhibition of miR-155 upregulates SHP-1 expression and modulates astrocyte activation phenotype. These findings suggest that DJ-1 mediates astrocyte activation via the miR-155/SHP-1 pathway, playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our results provide a potential way for exploring the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and present promising targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Guijun Xue
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nouri-Vaskeh M, Khalili N, Sadighi A, Yazdani Y, Zand R. Biomarkers for Transient Ischemic Attack: A Brief Perspective of Current Reports and Future Horizons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041046. [PMID: 35207321 PMCID: PMC8877275 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of long-term disability in the world and the third-leading cause of death in the United States. The early diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) is of great importance for reducing the mortality and morbidity of cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with TIA have a high risk of early subsequent ischemic stroke and the development of permanent nervous system lesions. The diagnosis of TIA remains a clinical diagnosis that highly relies on the patient's medical history assessment. There is a growing list of biomarkers associated with different components of the ischemic cascade in the brain. In this review, we take a closer look at the biomarkers of TIA and their validity with a focus on the more clinically important ones using recent evidence of their reliability for practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr 7618815676, Iran;
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Neda Khalili
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadighi
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA;
| | - Yalda Yazdani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Ramin Zand
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA;
- Neuroscience Institute, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-570-808-7330; Fax: +1-570-808-3209
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Zhang F, Peng W, Zhang J, Wang L, Dong W, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Xie Z, Wang T, Wang C, Yan Y. PARK7 enhances antioxidative-stress processes of BMSCs via the ERK1/2 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:222-234. [PMID: 32918333 PMCID: PMC7820948 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stresss in the microenvironment surrounding lesions induces apoptosis of transplanted bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Hence, there is an urgent need for improving antioxidative‐stress processes of transplanted BMSCs to further promote their survival. The present study reports the role and mechanism of Parkinson's disease protein 7 (PARK7) in enhancing antioxidative activity in BMSCs. We used a PARK7 lentivirus to transfect BMSCs to up‐ or downregulate PARK7, and then used H2O2 to simulate oxidative stress in BMSCs in vitro. Overexpression of PARK7 effectively reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, protected mitochondrial membrane potential, and resisted oxidative‐stress‐induced apoptosis of BMSCs, but the expression of PARK7 was downregulated, these results were reversed. At the same time, we also found that overexpression of PARK7 increased extracellular‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, as well as upregulated Elk1 phosphorylation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. In contrast, when U0126 was used to block the ERK1/2 pathway, ERK1/2 and Elk1 phosphorylation levels were downregulated, ERK1/2 nuclear translocation and SOD content were significantly reduced, and PARK7‐overexperssion‐induced antioxidative activity was completely blocked. Collectively, our results suggest that PARK7 overexpression increased antioxidative‐stress processes and survival of BMSCs subjected to H2O2 via activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our findings may guide the development of a PARK7‐specific strategy for improving the transplantation efficacy of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Traumatologic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wuxun Peng
- Department of Traumatologic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Traumatologic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Statistics, Guizhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- Department of Traumatologic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yinggang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wudang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanglin Yan
- School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Liu T, Zhou J, Cui H, Li P, Luo J, Li T, He F, Wang Y, Tang T. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the neuroprotection of rhubarb in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:244-254. [PMID: 30502478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), that possesses neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidative, purgative and anticancer properties, and has been used to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and many other diseases. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the changes of brain protein in ICH rats treated with rhubarb and to explore the multi-target mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of ICH via bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH and then treated orally with 3 or 12 g/kg rhubarb daily for 2 days following ICH. After sacrifice, total protein of brain tissue was extracted, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was employed to quantitatively identify of the DEPs in two treatment groups compared with the vehicle group. The DEPs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and STRING databases. Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM) was used to predict the target of rhubarb and western blotting was used for verification. RESULTS In total, 1356 proteins were identified with a 1% false discovery rate (FDR). Among them, 55 DEPs were significantly altered in the sham, vehicle, low dose rhubarb group (LDR, 3 g/kg), and high dose rhubarb group (HDR, 12 g/kg). Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that rhubarb mainly regulated expression of some neuron projection proteins involved in the response to drug and nervous system development. The dopaminergic synapse pathway was found to be the most significant DEP in the combined analysis of the KEGG and BATMAN-TCM databases. Based on the results of the STRING analysis, oxidative stress (OS), calcium binding protein regulation, vascularization, and energy metabolism were important in the rhubarb therapeutic process. CONCLUSION Rhubarb achieves its effects mainly through the dopaminergic synapse pathway in ICH treatment. The ICH-treating mechanisms of rhubarb may also involve anti-OS, calcium binding protein regulation, angiogenic regulation, and energy metabolism improvement. This study adds new evidence to clinical applications of rhubarb for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, 830000 Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Research Center of geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Research Center of geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
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5
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Hao F, Feng Y, Guan Y. A Novel Botulinum Toxin TAT-EGFP-HCS Fusion Protein Capable of Specific Delivery Through the Blood-brain Barrier to the Central Nervous System. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:37-43. [PMID: 30318007 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181011113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Botulinum toxin has many applications in the treatment of central diseases, as
biological macromolecules, it is difficult to pass through the blood-brain barrier which greatly limits
their application. In this paper, we verified whether the botulinum toxin heavy chain HCS has a specific
neural guidance function.
Methods:
We have constructed a fusion protein with botulinum toxin heavy chain and a membrane penetrating
peptide TAT (TAT-EGFP-HCS). Recombinant plasmid of botulinum toxin light chain (LC) and
TAT were also constructed. The biological activity of HCS, LC, TAT-EGFP-HCS and TAT-EGFP-LC
were measured by its ability to cleave protein SNAP-25. The intracellular expression efficiency was
evaluated by detecting the fluorescence intensity of EGFP in the cells by fluorescence microscopy and
FACS. In addition, we also determined the effect of the above plasmid expression on the apoptosis of
PC12 cells. Finally, the tissue specificity of TAT-EGFP-HCS in vivo experiments was also examined.
Results:
In the present study, we have constructed a fusion protein with botulinum toxin heavy chain and
a membrane penetrating peptide TAT which can lead the entire molecule through the blood-brain barrier
and reach the central nervous system. Moreover, we also examined the biological activities of this recombinant
biological macromolecule and its physiological effects on nerve cells in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion:
TAT-EGFP-HSC expressed in vitro has neural guidance function and can carry large proteins
across the cell membrane without influencing the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yueqin Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
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Antipova D, Bandopadhyay R. Expression of DJ-1 in Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1037:25-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Gao J, Deng Y, Yin C, Liu Y, Zhang W, Shi J, Gong Q. Icariside II, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, protects against H 2 O 2 -induced PC12 cells death by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:375-386. [PMID: 27642051 PMCID: PMC5264130 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of cellular injury in a variety of human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, removal of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) or suppression of ROS generation may be effective in preventing oxidative stress‐induced cell death. This study was designed to investigate the effect of icariside II (ICS II), a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced death of highly differentiated rat neuronal PC12 cells, and to further examine the underlying mechanisms. We found that ICS II pre‐treatment significantly abrogated H2O2‐induced PC12 cell death as demonstrated by the increase of the number of metabolically active cells and decrease of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Furthermore, ICS II inhibited H2O2‐induced cell death through attenuating intracellular ROS production, mitochondrial impairment, and activating glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) as demonstrated by reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased p‐tyr216‐GSK‐3β level and increased p‐ser9‐GSK‐3β level respectively. The GSK‐3β inhibitor SB216763 abrogated H2O2‐induced cell death. Moreover, ICS II significantly inhibited H2O2‐induced autophagy by the reducing autophagosomes number and the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio, down‐regulating Beclin‐1 expression, and up‐regulating p62/SQSTM1 and HSP60 expression. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyl adenine (3‐MA) blocked H2O2‐induced cell death. Altogether, this study demonstrated that ICS II may alleviate oxidative stress‐induced autophagy in PC12 cells, and the underlying mechanisms are related to its antioxidant activity functioning via ROS/GSK‐3β/mitochondrial signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuangui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
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TAT-HSA-α-MSH fusion protein with extended half-life inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α in brain inflammation of mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5353-61. [PMID: 26816094 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation constitutes a principal process involved in the progression of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The safety and efficacy of potential neuroprotective therapeutic agents is controversial and limited. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) as a tridecapeptide derived from pro-opiomelanocortin displays potent anti-inflammatory and protective effects with a wide therapeutic window in brain damage. However, it is difficult to deliver effective concentrations of α-MSH into brain tissue via nondirect application. Besides, the half-life of the tridecapeptide is only a few minutes. In the present study, we generated a novel TAT-HSA-α-MSH by genetically fusing α-MSH with N-terminus 11-amino acid protein transduction domain of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein (TAT) and human serum albumin (HSA), which showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and can effectively cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The findings showed that TAT-HSA-α-MSH significantly inhibits NF-κB activation in human glioma cells A172 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in experimental brain inflammation. These results indicate that TAT-HSA-α-MSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating neuroinflammation which plays a fundamental role in CNS disorders.
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Neuroprotective effect of TAT-14-3-3ε fusion protein against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93334. [PMID: 24671253 PMCID: PMC3966873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the thrombolytic therapy currently available was unsatisfactory. 14-3-3ε is a well characterized member of 14-3-3 family, and has been reported to protect neurons against apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. However, it cannot transverse blood brain barrier (BBB) due to its large size. A protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV TAT protein, is capable of delivering a large variety of proteins into the brain. In this study, we generated a fusion protein TAT-14-3-3ε, and evaluated its potential neuroprotective effect in rat focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Western blot analysis validated the efficient transduction of TAT-14-3-3ε fusion protein into brain via a route of intravenous injection. TAT-14-3-3ε pre-treatment 2 h before ischemia significantly reduced cerebral infarction volume and improved neurologic score, while post-treatment 2 h after ischemia was less effective. Importantly, pre- or post-ischemic treatment with TAT-14-3-3ε significantly increased the number of surviving neurons as determined by Nissl staining, and attenuated I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis as showed by the decrease in apoptotic cell numbers and the inhibition of caspase-3 activity. Moreover, the introduction of 14-3-3ε into brain by TAT-mediated delivering reduced the formation of autophagosome, attenuated LC3B-II upregulation and reversed p62 downregulation induced by ischemic injury. Such inhibition of autophagy was reversed by treatment with an autophagy inducer rapamycin (RAP), which also attenuated the neuroprotective effect of TAT-14-3-3ε. Conversely, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibited I/R-induced the increase in autophagic activity, and attenuated I/R-induced brain infarct. These results suggest that TAT-14-3-3ε can be efficiently transduced into brain and exert significantly protective effect against brain ischemic injury through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and autophagic activation.
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Ahn EH, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Kim HR, Kim SM, Woo SJ, Eom SA, Jo HS, Kim DS, Cho SW, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. PEP-1-PEA-15 protects against toxin-induced neuronal damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1686-700. [PMID: 24412329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEA-15 is abundantly expressed in both neurons and astrocytes throughout the brain. It is a multifunctional protein with the ability to increase cell survival via anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. However, the function of PEA-15 in neuronal diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of PEA-15 on neuronal damage induced by MPP(+) in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and BV2 microglia cells and in a MPTP-induced PD mouse model using cell-permeable PEP-1-PEA-15. METHODS PEP-1-PEA-15 was purified using affinity chromatography. Cell viability and DNA fragmentation were examined by MTT assay and TUNEL staining. Dopaminergic neuronal cell death in the animal model was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PEP-1-PEA-15 transduced into the SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Transduced PEP-1-PEA-15 protected against MPP(+)-induced toxicity by inhibiting intracellular ROS levels and DNA fragmentation. Further, it enhanced the expression levels of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 while reducing the expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. We found that PEP-1-PEA-15 transduced into the substantia nigra and prevented dopaminergic neuronal cell death in a MPTP-induced PD mouse. Also, we showed the neuroprotective effects in the model by demonstrating that treatment with PEP-1-PEA-15 ameliorated MPTP-induced behavioral dysfunctions and increased dopamine levels in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS PEP-1-PEA-15 can efficiently transduce into cells and protects against neurotoxin-induced neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate the potential for PEP-1-PEA-15 to provide a new strategy for protein therapy treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ri Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Woo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ae Eom
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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Tat-DJ-1 protects neurons from ischemic damage in the ventral horn of rabbit spinal cord via increasing antioxidant levels. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:187-93. [PMID: 24293249 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The DJ-1 gene is highly conserved in diverse species and DJ-1 is known as an anti-oxidative stress factor. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of DJ-1 against ischemic damage in the rabbit spinal cord. Tat-DJ-1 fusion proteins were constructed to facilitate the penetration of DJ-1 protein into the neurons. Tat-1-DJ-1 fusion protein was administered to the rabbit 30 min after ischemia/reperfusion, and transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by occlusion of the aorta at the subrenal region for 15 min. The administration of Tat-DJ-1 significantly improved the Tarlov score compared to that in the Tat (vehicle)-treated group at 24, 48 and 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion. At 72 h after ischemia/reperfusion, the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons was significantly increased in the Tat-DJ-1-treated group compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. Lipid peroxidation as judged from the malondialdehyde levels was significantly decreased in the Tat-DJ-1-treated group compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased in the Tat-DJ-1-treated group compared to that in the vehicle-treated group. This result suggests that DJ-1 protects neurons from ischemic damage in the ventral horn of the spinal cord via its antioxidant effects.
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Hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of DJ-1 expression compromised the effectiveness of ischemic postconditioning cardioprotection in rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:564902. [PMID: 24303086 PMCID: PMC3835206 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia postconditioning (IpostC) is an effective way to alleviate ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, the protective effects seem to be impaired in candidates with diabetes mellitus. To gain deep insight into this phenomenon, we explored the role of DJ-1, a novel oncogene, that may exhibit powerful antioxidant capacity in postconditioning cardioprotection in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Compared with normal group, cardiac DJ-1 was downregulated in diabetes. Larger postischemic infarct size as well as exaggeration of oxidative stress was observed, while IpostC reversed the above changes in normal but not in diabetic rats. DJ-1 was increased after ischemia and postconditioning contributed to a further elevation; however, no alteration of DJ-1 was documented in all subgroups of diabetic rats. Alteration of the cardioprotective PI3K/Akt signaling proteins may be responsible for the ineffectiveness of postconditioning in diabetes. There is a positive correlation relationship between p-Akt and DJ-1 but a negative correlation between infarct size and DJ-1, which may partially explain the interaction of DJ-1 and IpostC cardioprotection. Our result indicates a beneficial role of DJ-1 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Downregulation of cardiac DJ-1 may be responsible for the compromised diabetic heart responsiveness to IpostC cardioprotection.
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Shahaduzzaman M, Acosta S, Bickford PC, Borlongan CV. α-Synuclein is a pathological link and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:675-80. [PMID: 23920272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects more than 1% of population over 65 and it is characterized by gradual loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and wide spread accumulation of α-synuclein. Collectively 30% of familial and 3-5% of sporadic form of PD are associated with genetic mutation. Compelling evidence implicates that in addition to inherited factors, acquired co-morbidities contribute to PD pathology. Here, we hypothesize that traumatic brain injury (TBI) exacerbates nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration by modulating PD-associated genes including α-synuclein, DJ-1, LRRK2, among others. Thus this article will present speculative arguments of a genetic component contributing to this TBI and PD pathological overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahaduzzaman
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Casani S, Gómez-Pastor R, Matallana E, Paricio N. Antioxidant compound supplementation prevents oxidative damage in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:151-60. [PMID: 23548634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the DJ-1 gene are linked to rare autosomal recessive forms of parkinsonism. In Drosophila, two DJ-1 orthologs have been identified, DJ-1α and DJ-1β. Several studies have shown that DJ-1β mutant flies are viable and fertile but exhibit age-dependent locomotor defects, shortened life span, and enhanced sensitivity to toxins that induce oxidative stress response compared to control flies. We also demonstrated that long-term dietary supplementation with antioxidant compounds was effective at increasing life-span values of DJ-1β mutants. These results, together with high levels of oxidative stress markers detected in newly eclosed DJ-1β mutant flies compared to controls, led to the proposal that the life-span phenotype was in part due to defects in the oxidative stress response. To further demonstrate this assumption, we analyzed in detail several markers of oxidative stress in control and DJ-1β mutant flies, either untreated or treated with antioxidant compounds. First, we quantified global reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as H2O2 production; next we measured the activity of several enzymes that respond to oxidative stress such as catalase and superoxide dismutase; and finally we determined protein oxidative damage. Our results showed that DJ-1β mutants exhibit elevated ROS production and protein oxidative damage as well as decreased antioxidant enzyme activity compared to control flies of the same age, which is consistent with the proposed protective role of DJ-1β against oxidative stress. We found that supplementation with either α-tocopherol or the general antioxidant compound ascorbic acid (vitamin C) increased catalase activity and decreased H2O2 and oxidized protein levels in DJ-1β mutants and control flies, but it led to decreased superoxide dismutase activity, maybe as a consequence of a global reduction in oxidative stress. However, α-tocopherol supplementation specifically reduced global ROS production in DJ-1β mutant flies. This study confirms the important role of DJ-1β in oxidative stress response in Drosophila, especially at the level of H2O2 detoxification, and provides evidence that early antioxidant supplementation is an effective treatment to suppress phenotypes in DJ-1β mutants partly by reducing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Casani
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez-Pastor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad CC Biológicas, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilia Matallana
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad CC Biológicas, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Paricio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad CC Biológicas, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Shadrach KG, Rayborn ME, Hollyfield JG, Bonilha VL. DJ-1-dependent regulation of oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). PLoS One 2013; 8:e67983. [PMID: 23844142 PMCID: PMC3699467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DJ-1 is found in many tissues, including the brain, where it has been extensively studied due to its association with Parkinson's disease. DJ-1 functions as a redox-sensitive molecular chaperone and transcription regulator that robustly protects cells from oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cultures were treated with H2O2 for various times followed by biochemical and immunohistological analysis. Cells were transfected with adenoviruses carrying the full-length human DJ-1 cDNA and a mutant construct, which has the cysteine residues at amino acid 46, 53 and 106 mutated to serine (C to S) prior to stress experiments. DJ-1 localization, levels of expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were also analyzed in cells expressing exogenous DJ-1 under baseline and oxidative stress conditions. The presence of DJ-1 and oxidized DJ-1 was evaluated in human RPE total lysates. The distribution of DJ-1 was assessed in AMD and non-AMD cryosectionss and in isolated human Bruch's membrane (BM)/choroid from AMD eyes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS DJ-1 in RPE cells under baseline conditions, displays a diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. After oxidative challenge, more DJ-1 was associated with mitochondria. Increasing concentrations of H2O2 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DJ-1. Overexpression of DJ-1 but not the C to S mutant prior to exposure to oxidative stress led to significant decrease in the generation of ROS. DJ-1 and oxDJ-1 intensity of immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the RPE lysates from AMD eyes. More DJ-1 was localized to RPE cells from AMD donors with geographic atrophy and DJ-1 was also present in isolated human BM/choroid from AMD eyes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE DJ-1 regulates RPE responses to oxidative stress. Most importantly, increased DJ-1 expression prior to oxidative stress leads to decreased generation of ROS, which will be relevant for future studies of AMD since oxidative stress is a known factor affecting this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Shadrach
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, The Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Rayborn
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, The Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joe G. Hollyfield
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, The Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vera L. Bonilha
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, The Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Puerarin attenuates neuronal degeneration and blocks oxidative stress to elicit a neuroprotective effect on substantia nigra injury in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Brain Res 2013; 1517:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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