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Hu J, Liu K, Ghosh C, Khaket TP, Shih H, Kebebew E. Anaplastic thyroid cancer spheroids as preclinical models to test therapeutics. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:85. [PMID: 38500204 PMCID: PMC10949686 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer. Despite advances in tissue culture techniques, a robust model for ATC spheroid culture is yet to be developed. In this study, we created an efficient and cost-effective 3D tumor spheroids culture system from human ATC cells and existing cell lines that better mimic patient tumors and that can enhance our understanding of in vivo treatment response. We found that patient-derived ATC cells and cell lines can readily form spheroids in culture with a unique morphology, size, and cytoskeletal organization. We observed both cohesive (dense and solid structures) and discohesive (irregularly shaped structures) spheroids within the same culture condition across different cell lines. BRAFWT ATC spheroids grew in a cohesive pattern, while BRAFV600E-mutant ATC spheroids had a discohesive organization. In the patient-derived BRAFV600E-mutant ATC spheroids, we observed both growth patterns, but mostly the discohesive type. Histologically, ATC spheroids had a similar morphology to the patient's tumor through H&E staining and proliferation marker staining. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the gene expression profile of tumor cells derived from the spheroids closely matched parental patient tumor-derived cells in comparison to monolayer cultures. In addition, treatment response to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC spheroids exhibited a similar sensitivity to the patient clinical response. Our study provides a robust and novel ex vivo spheroid model system that can be used in both established ATC cell lines and patient-derived tumor samples to better understand the biology of ATC and to test therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kaili Liu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen Shih
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Costanza F, Papi G, Corrado S, Pontecorvi A. Case Report: Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Goltz-Gorlin syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243540. [PMID: 37859990 PMCID: PMC10582693 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Goltz-Gorlin syndrome (GGS), also known as focal dermal hypoplasia, is a rare X-linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PORCN gene and characterized by several abnormalities, including skin and limb defects, papillomas in multiple organs, ocular malformations, and mild facial dysmorphism. To date, only approximately 300 cases have been described in the literature. A 16-year-old female patient, born with multiple congenital dysmorphisms consistent with GGS and confirmed by genetic exam, was referred to our outpatient clinic for the workup of a thyroid nodule. A thyroid ultrasound showed a bilateral nodular disease with a 17-mm large hypoechoic nodule in the right lobe. Cytological exam of fine needle aspiration biopsy was suspicious for malignancy. Thus, she underwent total thyroidectomy plus lymphadenectomy of the right central compartment. A histological exam disclosed a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with lymph node micrometastases. Radioiodine (131-Iodine) therapy was performed. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, the patient did not present either ultrasound or laboratory PTC recurrence. To our knowledge, we report the first case of PTC in a patient with GGS. Since thyroid cancer is rare among children and adolescents, we hypothesize that the PORCN pathogenic variant could be responsible for tumor susceptibility. We also provide an overview of the clinical findings on GGS patients already reported and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanism that may underlie this rare condition, including the role of PORCN in tumor susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Costanza
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Papi
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Corrado
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Sheikh-Ahmad M, Shalata Y, Bejar J, Kreizman Shefer H, Sirhan MF, Laniado M, Matter I, Agbarya A, Reut M, Yovanovich E, Saiegh L. The Correlation between Proliferative Immunohistochemical Markers and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Aggressiveness. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010110. [PMID: 36676734 PMCID: PMC9862399 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict tumor behavior, several studies have been conducted to search for surrogate prognostic immunohistochemical tumor markers. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the intensity of different immunohistochemical marker staining in PTC and the risk for extrathyroidal extension and metastases. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained for different tumor proliferative markers: Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2), Ki-67 labeling index, E-Cadherin, Neuropilin-1 and Metallothionein. The correlation between the intensity of each marker staining and the final diagnosis (benign neoplasm and PTC) and the correlation between the intensity of each staining and tumor extrathyroidal extension and metastases were evaluated. Results: The study included 66 patients. Staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly differed between benign neoplasm (n = 22) and thyroid-confined PTC (n = 21) (p = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively), between benign neoplasm and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (n = 11) (p = 0.001, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), and between benign neoplasm and PTC with metastases (n = 12) (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.037, respectively). No staining correlated with extrathyroidal extension. The intensity of E-Cadherin staining was significantly lower in PTC with metastases than thyroid confined PTC and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.028 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly distinguished between benign thyroid tumor and PTC. E-Cadherin staining significantly and inversely correlated with the presence of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sheikh-Ahmad
- Institute of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-8359510; Fax: +972-4-8359519
| | - Yara Shalata
- Institute of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Jacob Bejar
- Department of Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Hila Kreizman Shefer
- Department of Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Majd F. Sirhan
- Department of Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Monica Laniado
- Department of Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Matter
- Department of Surgery, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Abed Agbarya
- Department of Oncology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Maria Reut
- Institute of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Yovanovich
- Institute of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Leonard Saiegh
- Institute of Endocrinology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb St., Haifa 31048, Israel
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Ismail MS, Mousa AMAG, Darwish MF, Salem MM, Said R. Expression of β-Catenin in Thyroid Neoplasms (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system accounting for more than 90% of all endocrine cancer and 63% of all endocrine cancer deaths. β-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays a key role in Wnt (wingless type) pathway and influences the expression of different genes and their proliferation, thus making it a potential therapeutic target.
Aim of Work: This work aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin in different cases of thyroid neoplasms and to correlate between β-catenin expression and clinicopathological features of these thyroid neoplasms.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on sixty cases of archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks that included different histologic types of thyroid neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry using β-catenin monoclonal antibody was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. β-catenin expression was quantified both at membranous and cytoplasmic level. Immunostaining scores were based on the staining intensity (I) and the percentage of positive cells (P). β-catenin final score (H score) resulted by summation of I and P (ranging from 0 to 7). Cases with H score between 1–3 were considered with low score and cases with H score between 4–7 were considered with high score.
Results: Of the malignant thyroid neoplasms in the studied cases, 81% showed positive β-catenin expression with the majority (86%) of the benign thyroid cases showing positive expression. Both membranous and cytoplasmic staining were both assessed in which the majority of the negative and high positive membranous cases also showed the same interpretation for cytoplasmic β-catenin expression. Positive correlations were proved between β-catenin expression of diagnosed malignant cases, (pvalue =0.042) where all hurthle cell, follicular and medullary carcinoma cases, 87.5% of studied papillary carcinoma cases and 50% of poorly differentiated carcinoma cases showed β-catenin positivity while all anaplastic carcinoma cases were negative. Furthermore, statistically significant findings were seen in cases with absence of extrathyroid extension (P value= 0.045) especially those displaying β-Catenin cytoplasmic expression with extrathyroid extension of studied malignant cases showing a P value= (0.011) . No significant correlation was found between β-catenin expression and patients' pathological diagnosis, gender, extent of primary tumor (pT), lymph node metastasis, multifocality and co-existing pathology among studied malignant cases.
Conclusion: The present study suggests the prognostic role of β-catenin and its possible usage to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant β-catenin targeted mono- or combined therapy for tumors expressing this protein, especially for thyroid cases that cannot be removed surgically or that do not respond to traditional treatment options.
Key Words: β-catenin, immunohistochemistry, malignant thyroid neoplasms, benign thyroid neoplasms.
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Zhu X, Wang X, Gong Y, Deng J. E-cadherin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:695. [PMID: 34930256 PMCID: PMC8690896 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of endocrine system and head and neck. Recurrence, metastasis and high malignant expression after routine treatment are serious clinical problems, so it is of great significance to explore its mechanism and find action targets. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor malignancy and invasion. One key change in tumour EMT is low expression of E-cadherin. Therefore, this article reviews the expression of E-cadherin in thyroid cancers (TC), discuss the potential mechanisms involved, and outline opportunities to exploit E-cadherin on regulating the occurrence of EMT as a critical factor in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yifei Gong
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Junlin Deng
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Liu J, Chen X, Zhou X, Yi R, Yang Z, Zhao X. Lactobacillus fermentum ZS09 Mediates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) by Regulating the Transcriptional Activity of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway to Inhibit Colon Cancer Activity. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:7281-7293. [PMID: 34992417 PMCID: PMC8711243 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway can mediate tumour migration, and the occurrence of EMT is closely related to the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum ZS09 (L. fermentum ZS09) on the EMT pathway in mouse with azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium salt (AOM/DSS) induced colon cancer and the potential underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods In this study, a mouse colon cancer model was established through intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and three cycles of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in the drinking water. H&E staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting (WB) were used to study the antitumour mechanisms of L. fermentum ZS09 through the EMT pathway. Results The results of this study showed that compared with the model group, the high-dose L. fermentum ZS09 intervention group exhibited decreased serum levels of MMP-9, TNF-α, IL-6R, Ang-2 and VEGFR-2 and increased contents of DKK1 (P<0.05). The expression of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related genes (Dv1, GSK-3β, β-catenin, c-myc, cyclinD1, Vim, and MMP-9) was significantly reduced, and the gene expression levels of APC, CDH1, and Axin were increased. The levels of related proteins (β-catenin, N-cadherin, and VEGF) were downregulated, and the levels of p-β-catenin and E-cadherin were upregulated. Conclusion The results indicate that L. fermentum ZS09 could inhibit EMT and angiogenesis pathways by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which could inhibit tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Chen
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xin Zhao; Zhennai Yang Tel +86-23-6265-3650 Email ;
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Kim B, Im NR, Yang TD, Kim J, Jung KY, Kim TH, Baek SK. Enhancement of aberrantly modified integrin‑mediated cell motility in multicellular tumor spheroids. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1490-1498. [PMID: 32236635 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) of malignant cells can display cell‑cell and cell‑matrix interactions, different from monolayer cultures. The objective of the present study was to examine difference in intercellular and cell‑matrix interaction between monolayered cultures and spheroid cultures. Expression levels of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling molecules in monolayered cells and MTS cells were compared. The motility of single cells dispersed from each culture was evaluated using a live‑cell imaging device. The effect of an E‑cadherin neutralizing antibody, DECMA, was also compared between the two cultures. Among various CAMs, only E‑cadherin was increased in MTSs. The motility of single cells dispersed from MTSs was higher than that from monolayered cells. Compared with monolayered cells, the molecular weight (MW) of β1 integrin was decreased during MTS formation, particularly during the early stage. This notable reduction was maintained when DECMA was used to treat MTSs. Additionally, the expression levels of the EMT signaling molecules Snail and ILK increased more in MTSs than in monolayered cells. The blocking of E‑cadherin elicited increased expression levels of EMT molecules and cellular motility only in MTSs. In conclusion, the alteration of E‑cadherin expression and presence of low‑MW β1 integrin in MTS may enhance cell motility via the upregulation of EMT signaling molecules that may be intensified by blocking E‑cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Im
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseok Daniel Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yoon Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136‑705, Republic of Korea
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Sanjari M, Kordestani Z, Safavi M, Mashrouteh M, FekriSoofiAbadi M, Ghaseminejad Tafreshi A. Enhanced expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc, a prognostic factor and possible mechanism for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5100. [PMID: 32198408 PMCID: PMC7083882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct association has been shown between Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions and the proliferation of human thyroid tumor cells. Our previous study showed that increased β catenin led to a reduction in disease-free probability in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This study was designed to investigate Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes as targets for β catenin function in PTC and to determine the association between genes expression and staging, recurrence, metastasis, and disease-free survival of PTC. This study was conducted via a thorough investigation of available data from medical records as well as paraffin blocks of 77 out of 400 patients over a 10-year period. Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate disease-free survival. Higher levels of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions were observed in patients with recurrence by 8.5 (P = 0.004) and 19.5 (p = 0.0001) folds, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between Cyclin D1 expression and the cumulative dose of radioactive iodine received by patients (r = −0.2, p value = 0.03). The ten-year survival rate in the patients included in this study was 98.25% while disease-free survival was 48.1%. Higher Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were observed in patients with recurrence/distant metastasis. Inversely, lower expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes were associated with better survival of patients (SD, 0.142-0.052) (Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.002). The enhancement of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression may be a potential mechanism for recurrence and aggressiveness of PTC.
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Melnik D, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Nassef MZ, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D, Krüger M. Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020367. [PMID: 32033410 PMCID: PMC7072698 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment and the formation of spheroids under microgravity conditions can be observed with various types of intrinsically adherent human cells. In particular, for cancer cells this process mimics metastasis and may provide insights into cancer biology and progression that can be used to identify new drug/target combinations for future therapies. By using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), we were able to suppress spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells that were exposed to altered gravity conditions on a random positioning machine. DEX inhibited the growth of three-dimensional cell aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. In the first approach, we analyzed the expression of several factors that are known to be involved in key processes of cancer progression such as autocrine signaling, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and anoikis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and expression patterns of important genes in cancer cell growth and survival, which were further suggested to play a role in three-dimensional aggregation, such as NFKB2, VEGFA, CTGF, CAV1, BCL2(L1), or SNAI1, were clearly affected by DEX. Our data suggest the presence of a more complex regulation network of tumor spheroid formation involving additional signal pathways or individual key players that are also influenced by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melnik
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721-267
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Resveratrol Suppresses the Growth and Enhances Retinoic Acid Sensitivity of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041030. [PMID: 29596381 PMCID: PMC5979404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly lethal undifferentiated malignancy without reliable therapies. Retinoic acid (RA) has been employed to promote redifferentiation of thyroid cancers by increasing their I131 uptake and radio-sensitivity, but its effect(s) on ATCs has not yet been ascertained. Likewise, resveratrol induces cancer redifferentiation but, also in this case, its effects on ATCs remain unknown. These issues have been addresses in the current study using three human ATC cell lines (THJ-11T, THJ-16T, and THJ-21T) through multiple experimental approaches. The results reveal that RA exerts a small inhibitory effect on these cell lines. In comparison with normally cultured cells, the total cell number in resveratrol-treated THJ-16T and THJ-21T cultures significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and this effect was accompanied by reduced Cyclin D1 immuno-labeling, increased apoptotic fractions, and distinct caspase-3 activation. Resveratrol failed to inhibit growth but enhanced RA sensitivity of THJ-11T cells, suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPAR-β/δ), and upregulated cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) and retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-β) expression. Increased thyroglobulin (Tg) and E-cadherin levels and appearance of membranous E-cadherin were evidenced in resveratrol-treated THJ-11T cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time: (1) the therapeutic value of resveratrol by itself or in combination with RA in the management of ATCs, (2) the capacity of resveratrol to overcome RA resistance in ATC cells by reprogramming CRABP2/RAR- and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5)/PPAR-β/δ-mediated RA signaling, and (3) the redifferentiating potential of resveratrol in ATC cells.
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