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Zhang L, Chang L, Xu J, Meyers CA, Yan N, Zou E, Ding C, Ting K, Soo C, Pang S, James AW. Frontal Bone Healing Is Sensitive to Wnt Signaling Inhibition via Lentiviral-Encoded Beta-Catenin Short Hairpin RNA. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1742-1752. [PMID: 29929440 PMCID: PMC6302677 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an integral role in skeletal biology, spanning from embryonic skeletal patterning through bone maintenance and bone repair. Most experimental methods to antagonize Wnt signaling in vivo are either systemic or transient, including genetic approaches, use of small-molecule inhibitors, or neutralizing antibodies. We sought to develop a novel, localized model of prolonged Wnt/β-catenin signaling blockade by the application and validation of a lentivirus encoding β-catenin short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Efficacy of lentiviral-encoded β-catenin shRNA was first confirmed in vitro using bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, and in vivo using an intramedullary long bone injection model in NOD SCID mice. Next, the effects of β-catenin knockdown were assessed in a calvarial bone defect model, in which the frontal bone demonstrates enhanced bone healing associated with heightened Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Lentivirus encoding either β-catenin shRNA or random sequence shRNA with enhanced green fluorescent protein (control) was injected overlying the calvaria of NOD SCID mice and bone defects were created in either the frontal or parietal bones. Among mice treated with lentivirus encoding β-catenin shRNA, frontal bone defect healing was significantly reduced by all radiographic and histologic metrics. In contrast, parietal bone healing was minimally impacted by β-catenin shRNA. In aggregate, our data document the application and validation of a lentivirus encoding β-catenin shRNA model that represents an easily replicable tool for examining the importance of locoregional Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone biology and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Leslie Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Noah Yan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin Zou
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine Ding
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shen Pang
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
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Guan L, Zhu S, Han Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Qiao L, Li X, Li H, Lin J. Knockout of CTNNB1 by CRISPR-Cas9 technology inhibits cell proliferation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:501-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang H, Qi Y, Geng D, Shi Y, Wang X, Yu R, Zhou X. Expression profile and clinical significance of Wnt signaling in human gliomas. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:610-617. [PMID: 29387236 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling has been identified as a critical regulator of human tumor development in vitro. However, there remains a lack of studies systematically examining the expression pattern and clinical relevance of the core molecules of Wnt signaling in glioma tissues. In the present study, it was identified that the mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a and 5a, and their receptors frizzled 2, 6 and 7 increased, whereas Wnt7b was markedly decreased in glioma relative to non-tumor tissue. The mRNA levels of β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli gene product, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and AXIN1 and its target genes cyclin D1 and AXIN2 did not differ. Similarly, the protein levels of Wnt2b, 3a and 5a were increased in gliomas, while β-catenin, GSK3β and cyclin D1 were not. Furthermore, based on data from the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform, the expression of Wnt2b and 5a, and frizzled 2, 6 and 7 were highly associated with the prognosis of patients with glioma. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that β-catenin is not upregulated in gliomas and that the Wnt signaling pathway may promote glioma development via noncanonical or alternative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Decheng Geng
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Liu J, Li W, Liu S, Zheng X, Shi L, Zhang W, Yang H. Knockdown of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cellular Migration in Glioblastoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:225-232. [PMID: 28277194 PMCID: PMC7840725 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14732772150587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), an extracellular matrix-related protein, has been found to be upregulated in many solid tumors and contributes to tumorigenesis. We found that CTHRC1 is overexpressed in glioblastoma tissues and cells. By using the technique of RNA interference, the expression of CTHRC1 in the human glioblastoma U-87MG cell line was downregulated, and the proliferation and migration of U-87MG cells were examined. The results showed that the knockdown of CTHRC1 exerts inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration ability of U-87MG cells. Knockdown of CTHRC1 expression in U-87MG cells resulted in upregulation in the expression of E-cadherin and downregulation in the expression of N-cadherin, SNAIL, and Slug, suggesting that CTHRC1 inhibits glioblastoma cell migration by suppressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knockdown of CTHRC1 led to remarkably decreased β-catenin protein levels in the nucleus. These results indicate that CTHRC1 might play an important role in the development of glioblastoma and offer a candidate molecular target for glioblastoma prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Liu
- Department of Neurotrauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Sheng H, Meng L, Yue H, Li B, Zhang A, Dong Y, Liu Y. RBM5 inhibits tumorigenesis of gliomas through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induction of apoptosis. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28061901 PMCID: PMC5219762 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are one of the most common malignant brain tumors and bring a big threat to human life as traditional therapy is unsatisfactory. RBM5 was a RNA-binding motif protein and was reported as a tumor suppressor. But the role of RBM5 in gliomas was unknown. METHODS The mRNA level of RBM5 was determined in gliomas tissues and cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay while the association of RBM5 expression with prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Lentivirus was used to overexpress RBM5 in gliomas cells. MTT and BrdU incorporation assay were used to determine cell proliferation and DNA synthesis when the ability of cell migration and invasion was analyzed by transwell assay with/without Matrigel. Cell apoptosis rate was determined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method. Then, expression of apoptosis molecules and critical members in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS RBM5 was shown to be downregulated in gliomas tissues and gliomas cell lines. And decreased RBM5 expression was clinically correlated with tumor stage, patient age, and poor prognosis of gliomas patients. The proliferation and DNA synthesis was dramatically inhibited when RBM5 was overexpressed in SHG44 or U251 cells. Also, the ability of cell migration and invasion was disrupted. Then, the level of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 significantly decreased when DKK1 and P-GSK-3β increased reversely in SHG44 cells, which suggested that RBM5 inhibited canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that caspase3-mediated apoptotic pathway was activated by RBM5 as Bax, TNF-α, and cleaved caspase3 were greatly upregulated while antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 was downregulated. Additionally, that apoptotic rate increased significantly from less than 1 to 32% in RBM5-overexpressed SHG44 cells further supported the pro-apoptosis role of RBM5 in gliomas cells. CONCLUSIONS RBM5 plays a suppressor role in human gliomas by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inducing cell apoptosis. This study improves our knowledge about the carcinogenesis and progression of human gliomas, which would greatly contribute to the therapy for gliomas patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
| | - Hongling Sheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jiaotong Hospital, Central Wuying Hill Road No. 12, Ji’nan, 250031 China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
| | - Hongsheng Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji’nan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Liberate Road No. 105, Ji’nan, 250013 China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jiaotong Hospital, Central Wuying Hill Road No. 12, Ji’nan, 250031 China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Cultural West Road No. 107, Ji’nan, 250012 China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Cultural West Road No. 107, Ji’nan, 250012 China
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