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Boothe PF, Kumar VP, Kong Y, Wang K, Levinson H, Mu D, Brown ML. Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (RISF): Opportunity for Angiotensin II-Dependent Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8261. [PMID: 39125831 PMCID: PMC11312688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. The primary goal is to offer essential insights in order to better care for and improve the quality of life of cancer survivors who face the risk of developing RISF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F. Boothe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Yali Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Howard Levinson
- The Center for Plastic Surgery at Sentara, 301 Riverview Ave. #400, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA;
| | - David Mu
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Milton L. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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2
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Meng C, Song Z, Zhang L, Geng Y, Sun J, Miao G, Liu P. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220583. [PMID: 36970603 PMCID: PMC10031500 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Losartan has become a hot spot in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among angiotensin receptor blocker drugs. We sought to conduct a systematic examination and meta-analysis to examine the effects of losartan on patients with NAFLD. We searched for potentially randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Cochrane database up to October 09, 2022. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate the study quality. Analysis of subgroups, sensitivity analysis, and publishing bias were explored. The quality of the included studies was moderate to high. Six trials involving 408 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that aspartate transaminase was significantly affected by losartan therapy (mean difference [MD] = −5.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−6.54, −4.13], Z = 8.70, P < 0.01). The meta-analysis subgroup showed that losartan 50 mg once daily could lower the level of alanine aminotransferase (MD = −18.92, 95% CI [−21.18, −16.66], Z = 16.41, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Meng
- Department of Emergency, Emergency General Hospital, XiBaHe South Road 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100028, PR China
| | - Zejun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, PR China
| | - Lingnan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, 212 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding City, 071000, PR China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, NO. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing102218, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Emergency General Hospital, XiBaHe South Road 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100028, PR China
| | - Guobin Miao
- Department of Emergency, Emergency General Hospital, XiBaHe South Road 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100028, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 23 Yijinhuoluo West Street, Dongsheng District, Inner Mongolia, 017000, PR China
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3
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Zhang CY, Liu S, Yang M. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:180-200. [PMID: 36926234 PMCID: PMC10011909 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a continuous process that causes a reduction of liver function lasting more than six months. CLD includes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic viral infection, and autoimmune hepatitis, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Liver inflammation and oxidative stress are commonly associated with the development and progression of CLD. Molecular signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents from natural products are new potent therapies for ALD, NAFLD, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize some powerful products that can be potential applied in all the stages of CLD, from ALD/NAFLD to HCC. The selected agents such as β-sitosterol, curcumin, genistein, and silymarin can regulate the activation of several important molecules, including AMPK, Farnesoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, PPARs, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. In addition, clinical trials are undergoing to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Li Y, Chen A, Li Z, Cui X, Zhang G. Effectiveness of polyene phosphatidylcholine and its combination with other drugs in patients with liver diseases based on real-world research. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1363-1375. [PMID: 36062967 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) is a widely used hepatoprotective drug. We aim to explore the effectiveness of PPC in patients with liver diseases based on real-world research, and compare with other hepatoprotective drugs. METHODS This was a "three-phase" retrospective study, including a descriptive study, a self-control case study, and a specific-disease cohort study. 14,800 hospitalized patients were enrolled in phase I from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020, of which 793 patients using PPC alone were included for phase II & III. The major measurement of effectiveness analysis was the ALT level and its changes. Wilcoxon signed rank test, Chi-Square Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used. RESULTS In patients without liver tumor, ALT level decreased after using PPC (p < 0.01), and the decrease of ALT level using PPC was greater than using glutathione or magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate alone (p=0.044; p=0.038). In patients without liver tumor but having abnormal liver function, the decrease of ALT level using PPC + glutathione was greater than using glutathione alone (p=0.047). CONCLUSION PPC had a beneficial effect on liver function in patients without liver tumor, and PPC could enhance the liver protective function of glutathione and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Ying Li and Anni Chen contributed equally to this work
| | - Anni Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Ying Li and Anni Chen contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Studies on the Antiliver Injury of Effective Parts from Saururus chinensis by Rats and Mice Model In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7821724. [PMID: 35518346 PMCID: PMC9064534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7821724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of the effective parts from Saururus chinensis (EPS) in vivo. The antihepatic fibrosis and injury effects of EPS were investigated with the following four model animals including the effect on Wistar rats with liver fibrosis induced by complex factors, mice with acute liver injury induced, respectively, by carbon tetrachloride and alcohol, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with acute liver injury caused by D-galactosamine hydrochloride. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the rats’ oral administration of EPS can significantly inhibit the formation of liver fibrosis in rats caused by complex factors and has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on acute liver injury caused by various factors as shown by decreased levels of serum biochemical indicators and improved pathological grade. Taken all together, our findings showed that EPS exhibits potent activities and should be considered a good option and an additional source of natural compounds for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic injury.
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Liu Y, Li Y, Liang J, Sun Z, Wu Q, Liu Y, Sun C. Leptin: an entry point for the treatment of peripheral tissue fibrosis and related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108608. [PMID: 35180626 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a small peptide mainly secreted by adipocyte, which acts on the central nervous system of the hypothalamus to regulate the body's energy balance by inhibiting food intake, it also can directly act on specific cells through leptin receptors (for example, ObRa, which exists in the blood-brain barrier or kidneys), thereby affect cell metabolism. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) causes damage to normal tissues or destruction of organ structure, which will eventually lead to tissue or organ fibrosis. The sustainable development of fibrosis can lead to structural damage and functional decline of organs, and even exhaustion, which seriously threatens human health and life. In recent years, studies have found that leptin directly alleviates the fibrosis process of various tissues and organs in mammals. Therefore, we speculate that leptin may become a significant treatment for fibrosis of various tissues and organs in the future. So, the main purpose of this review is to explore the specific mechanism of leptin in the process of fibrosis in multiple tissues and organs, and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of various tissues and organs fibrosis and related diseases caused by it, which is of great significance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yizhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Juntong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
| | - Yongnian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Xu Z, Hao W, Xu D, He Y, Yan Z, Sun F, Li X, Yang X, Yu Y, Tang R, Zheng K, Pan W. Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Interacting with TLR-2 Prevents the Synovial Inflammation via Inactivation of MAPK and NF-κB Pathways. Inflammation 2022; 45:1507-1519. [PMID: 35107766 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease that causes cartilage and bone damage or even disability, seriously endangering human health. Chronic synovial inflammation has been shown to play a vital role in disease sustainability. Therefore, downregulation of synovial inflammation is considered to be an effective discipline for RA therapy. Polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) is a hepatoprotective agent, which was observed to inhibit inflammation in macrophages and prevent collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) of rats in our previous study. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study further reported that PPC can inhibit synovial inflammation. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary synovial fibroblasts (SFs) of mice, PPC significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines production while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines level. In this process, PPC downregulated the expression of TLR-2 and their downstream signaling molecules such as MyD88, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-P38 in MAPK pathway and p-IκBα and NF-κB-p65 in NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PPC on the above molecules and cytokines was weakened after pre-treatment with TLR-2 agonist Pam3CSK4. In addition, PPC lost its anti-inflammatory effect and its suppressing capability on MAPK and NF-κB pathways in TLR-2-/- primary SFs after exposure to LPS. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PPC can alleviate synovial inflammation through TLR-2-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways, which can be proposed to be a potential drug candidate for RA prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.,Xuzhou Municipal Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine (Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Tongshan Road 209, Jiangsu Province, 221004, China.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Feng TT, Yang XY, Hao SS, Sun FF, Huang Y, Lin QS, Pan W. TLR-2-mediated metabolic reprogramming participates in polyene phosphatidylcholine-mediated inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization. Immunol Res 2020; 68:28-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Alam S, Abrar M, Islam S, Kamal M, Hasan MJ, Khan MAS, Ahmad N. Effect of telmisartan and vitamin E on liver histopathology with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. JGH OPEN 2020; 4:663-669. [PMID: 32782954 PMCID: PMC7411541 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim To compare the effect of telmisartan and vitamin E on liver histopathology of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. Methods This noninferiority clinical trial was conducted for 1 year. Fatty liver patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) ≥ 5 (in liver biopsy) were selected. All methods were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients who received telmisartan and vitamin E were denoted as Group‐T and Group‐E, respectively. Forty patients >18 years old were assigned and divided into two groups (20 in each group). Histological improvements were primary outcome measures. Results Significant improvement in NAS score was noted in both groups (Group E [GE]: 6 ± 0.8 to 4.36 ± 1.4; P = 0.00 and Group T [GT]: 5.6 ± 0.7to 4.9 ± 1.2; P = 0.03). Fibrosis score improved from 1.6 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.5 in GE and from 1.7 ± 0.9 to 1.5 ± 0.7 in GT (P = 0.67 and 0.42, respectively). Steatosis improved in GE from 2.07 ± 0.6 to 1.14 ± 0.66 (P = 0.00) and in GT from 1.94 ± 0.57 to 1.56 ± 0.8 (P = 0.05). Lobular inflammation improved from 2.0 ± 0.4 to 1.6 ± 0.5 in GE (P = 0.02) and from 1.9 ± 0.3 to 1.8 ± 0.4 in GT (P = 0.58). Ballooning score in GE decreased from 1.9 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.5 (P = 0.03), and in GT, it reduced from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.5 (P = 0.19). NAS improvement was similar in GE (1.6 ± 1.2) and GT (0.6 ± 1.1; P = 0.07) when controlled for weight reduction. Conclusion Telmisartan was similar to vitamin E in improving the histology of NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinul Alam
- Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mushfiqul Abrar
- Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamal
- Department of Pathology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad J Hasan
- Department of Medicine Pi Research Consultancy Center Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah S Khan
- Department of Medicine Shaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical College Kishoreganj Bangladesh
| | - Nooruddin Ahmad
- Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
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Suolang PC, Liu BQ, Chen J, De J, Nima ZB, Dunzhu CR. Protective effect and mechanism of Qiwei Tiexie capsule on 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells and rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:316-325. [PMID: 30851372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qiwei Tiexie capsule (QWTX) is a representative prescription of Tibetan medicine, which is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the effects and mechanism of QWTX on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and NAFLD rat model were used in the study. In 3T3-L1 cells, the cytotoxicity of QWTX was tested by CKK-8, and glucose uptake and fat acid oxidation were assessed by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose and [1-14C] palmitic acid, respectively. The expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ikappa B α (IκBα), and AKT were determined by PCR and western blot. NAFLD was established by the administration of fat emulsion and sucrose for 9 weeks. The effects of QWTX on lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatic morphology were observed in NAFLD rats by HE and transmission electron microscope. Serum level of nitric oxide (NO) and fee fatty acid (FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver, as well as the expression levels of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CPT-1, LXRα, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and iNOS were all detected. RESULTS QWTX showed no cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, and increased the 14CO2 production rate to 4.15, which indicated the reducing the fatty accumulation. In NAFLD, QWTX attenuated liver steatosis, fat vacuoles and inflammation from the HE staining and electron micrograph tests. For the oxidative stress biomarkers, serum FFA level was reduced and serum NO level was enhanced after QWTX treatment. In liver tissue, SOD was decreased and MDA was significantly increased in NAFLD, and both of them were restored by QWTX. NF-κB and CYP2E1 were also upregulated in NAFLD, while downregulated by QWTX. Downregulation of LXRα, PPARγ and iNOS by QWTX were both observed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD model. CONCLUSIONS QWTX protected the liver injury in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD by regulating the LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Cuo Suolang
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Bao-Qing Liu
- Department of General Surgey, The Orient Hospital of Beijing Traditional Medical University, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ji De
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Zha-Ba Nima
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ci-Ren Dunzhu
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
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Al-Nimer MS, Esmail VA, Mohammad O. Telmisartan improves the metabolic, hematological and inflammasome indices in non-alcoholic fatty liver infiltration: A pilot open-label placebo-controlled study. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Graus-Nunes F, Santos FDO, Marinho TDS, Miranda CS, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Souza-Mello V. Beneficial effects of losartan or telmisartan on the local hepatic renin-angiotensin system to counter obesity in an experimental model. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:359-369. [PMID: 31114640 PMCID: PMC6504859 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with hepatic overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
AIM To evaluate the action of two angiotensin II (ANGII) receptor blockers (losartan or telmisartan) on the modulation of local hepatic RAS and the resulting metabolic effects in a diet-induced obesity murine model.
METHODS Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two nutritional groups for 10 wk: control group (C, n = 5, 10% of energy as fat) or high-fat group (HF, n = 15, 50% of energy as fat). After treatment started, the HF group was randomly divided into three groups: untreated HF group (n = 5), HF treated with losartan (HFL, n = 5) and HF treated with telmisartan (HFT, n = 5). The treatments lasted for 5 wk, and the dose was 10 mg/kg body mass.
RESULTS HF diet induced body mass gain (+28%, P < 0.0001), insulin resistance (+69%, P = 0.0079), high hepatic triacylglycerol (+127%, P = 0.0004), and overexpression of intrahepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1/ ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1r) (+569.02% and +141.40%, respectively, P < 0.0001). The HFL and HFT groups showed higher ACE2/rMAS gene expression compared to the HF group (ACE2: +465.57%, P = 0.0002 for HFL and +345.17%, P = 0.0049 for HFT; rMAS: +711.39%, P < 0.0001 for HFL and +539.75%, P < 0.0001 for HFT), followed by reduced insulin/glucose ratio (-30% for HFL and -33% for HFT, P = 0.0181), hepatic triacylglycerol levels (-28%, P = 0.0381 for HFL; and -45%, P = 0.0010 for HFT, and Plin2 expression.
CONCLUSION Modulation of the intrahepatic RAS, with favored involvement of the ACE2/rMAS axis over the ACE1/AT1r axis after losartan or telmisartan treatments, caused hepatic and metabolic beneficial effects as demonstrated by reduced hepatic triacylglycerol levels coupled with reduced PLIN 2 expression and improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Graus-Nunes
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Thatiany de Souza Marinho
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doenças Cardiovasculares, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
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14
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Telmisartan prevents diet-induced obesity and preserves leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier in high-fat diet-fed mice. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1673-1689. [PMID: 29978352 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem and treatment options are still insufficient. When chronically treated with the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan (TEL), rodents do not develop diet-induced obesity (DIO). However, the underlying mechanism for this is still unclear. Here we investigated whether TEL prevents leptin resistance by enhancing leptin uptake across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To address this question, we fed C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated them daily with TEL by oral gavage. In addition to broadly characterizing the metabolism of leptin, we determined leptin uptake into the brain by measuring BBB transport of radioactively labeled leptin after long-term and short-term TEL treatment. Additionally, we assessed BBB integrity in response to angiotensin II in vitro and in vivo. We found that HFD markedly increased body weight, energy intake, and leptin concentration but that this effect was abolished under TEL treatment. Furthermore, glucose control and, most importantly, leptin uptake across the BBB were impaired in mice on HFD, but, again, both were preserved under TEL treatment. BBB integrity was not impaired due to angiotensin II or blocking of angiotensin II receptors. However, TEL did not exhibit an acute effect on leptin uptake across the BBB. Our results confirm that TEL prevents DIO and show that TEL preserves leptin transport and thereby prevents leptin resistance. We conclude that the preservation of leptin sensitivity is, however, more a consequence than the cause of TEL preventing body weight gain.
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15
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El-Sherbiny M, Eldosoky M, El-Shafey M, Othman G, Elkattawy HA, Bedir T, Elsherbiny NM. Vitamin D nanoemulsion enhances hepatoprotective effect of conventional vitamin D in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 288:65-75. [PMID: 29653100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity and type II diabetes. Due to increasing prevalence of these diseases globally, NAFLD is considered as a common form of chronic liver diseases. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin with reported anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune modulating activity. Hypovitaminosis D often coexists with NAFLD and various studies reported beneficial role of vitamin D in modulating NAFLD. However, variable oral bioavailability, poor water solubility, and chemical degradation hinder the clinical application of vitamin D. PURPOSE We evaluated the potential protective effect of Vitamin D nanoemulsion (developed by sonication and pH-Shifting of pea protein isolate and canola oil) compared to conventional vitamin D against liver injury in rats fed with high fat diet (HFD). METHODS We analyzed liver function enzymes, lipid profile, lipid metabolism, levels and histopathology of inflammation and fibrosis in rat liver tissues. RESULTS HFD fed rats exhibited deterioration of liver function, poor lipid profile, decreased fatty acid oxidation and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix deposition. Vitamin D administration reduced elevated liver enzymes, improved lipid profile, enhanced fatty acid oxidation and attenuated liver inflammation and fibrosis. Interestingly, vitamin D nanoemulsion was superior to conventional vitamin D with remarkable hepatoprotective effect against HFD-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated vitamin D nanoemulsion as a more efficient formulation with more prominent hepatoprotective effect against HFD-induced liver injury compared to conventional oral vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Almaarefa College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eldosoky
- Medical Physiology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Anatomy Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Othman
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Almaarefa College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A Elkattawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Zagazig Obesity Management and Research Unit, Zagazig Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Almaarefa College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer Bedir
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Nehal Mohsen Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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