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Wei M, Liu Y, Li D, Wang X, Wang X, Li Y, Yan Z, Zhang H. Celastrol alleviates secondary brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis and blocking blood-brain barrier disruption. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:161-176. [PMID: 39220228 PMCID: PMC11362646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Following recent research advancements, an increasing level of evidence had been published to indicate that celastrol exerted a therapeutic effect on a range of nervous system diseases. This study therefore aimed to investigate the potential involvement of celastrol on ferroptosis and the blood-brain barrier disruption in intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods We established a rat intracerebral haemorrhage and adrenal pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) OxyHb models using an ACSL4 overexpression vector. Ferroptosis-related indices were assessed using corresponding assay kits, and immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of key proteins and elucidate the role of celastrol in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Results Celastrol significantly improved neurological function scores, blood-brain barrier integrity, and brain water content in rats with ICH. Moreover, subsequent analysis of ferroptosis-related markers, such as Fe2+, ROS, MDA, and SOD, suggested that celastrol exerted a protective effect against the oxidative damage induced by ferroptosis in ICH rats and cells. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that celastrol attenuated ferroptosis by modulating the expression levels of key proteins, including acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and anti-transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) both in vitro and in vivo. ACSL4 overexpression attenuated the neuroprotective effects of celastrol on ICH in vitro. Molecular docking analysis revealed that celastrol interacted with ACSL4 via the GLU107, GLN109, ASN111, and LYS357 binding sites. Conclusions Celastrol exerted antioxidant properties and aids in neurological recovery after stroke by suppressing ACSL4 expression during ferroptosis. As such, this drug represented a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengcun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Gareev I, Beylerli O, Zhao B. MiRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomark Res 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38308370 PMCID: PMC10835919 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke, most often occurring between the ages of 45 and 60. Hypertension is most often the cause of ICH. Less often, atherosclerosis, blood diseases, inflammatory changes in cerebral vessels, intoxication, vitamin deficiencies, and other reasons cause hemorrhages. Cerebral hemorrhage can occur by diapedesis or as a result of a ruptured vessel. This very dangerous disease is difficult to treat, requires surgery and can lead to disability or death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (about 18-22 nucleotides) that are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc., through gene repression. A growing number of studies have demonstrated miRNAs deregulation in various cardiovascular diseases, including ICH. In addition, given that computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are either not available or do not show clear signs of possible vessel rupture, accurate and reliable analysis of circulating miRNAs in biological fluids can help in early diagnosis for prevention of ICH and prognosis patient outcome after hemorrhage. In this review, we highlight the up-to-date findings on the deregulated miRNAs in ICH, and the potential use of miRNAs in clinical settings, such as therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Boxian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Harbin Medical University No, 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Bavarsad K, Farbood Y, Mard SA, Khoshnam SE, Dianat M, Jahangiri HM, Khorsandi LS, Goudarzi G, Sarkaki A. Effects of Gallic Acid on Memory Deficits and Electrophysiological Impairments Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats Following Exposure to Ambient Dust Storm. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03953-5. [PMID: 37222948 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the probable protective effects of gallic acid (GA) on cognitive deficits, hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) impairments, and molecular changes induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats following exposure to ambient dust storm. After pretreatment with GA (100 mg/kg), or vehicle (Veh) (normal saline, 2 ml/kg) for ten days, and 60 minutes' exposure to dust storm including PM (PM, 2000-8000 g/m3) every day, 4-vessel occlusion (4VO) type of I/R was induced. Three days after I/R induction, we evaluated behavioral, electrophysiological, histopathological, molecular and brain tissue inflammatory cytokine changes. Our findings indicated that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced cognitive impairments caused by I/R (P < 0.05) and hippocampal LTP impairments caused by I/R after PM exposure (P < 0.001). Additionally, after exposure to PM, I/R significantly elevated the tumor necrosis factor α content (P < 0.01) and miR-124 level (P < 0.001) while pre-treatment with GA reduced the level of miR-124 (P < 0.001). Histopathological results also revealed that I/R and PM caused cell death in the hippocampus CA1 area (P < 0.001) and that GA decreased the rate of cell death (P < 0.001). Our findings show that GA can prevent brain inflammation, and thus cognitive and LTP deficits caused by I/R, PM exposure, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Mirshekari Jahangiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Sadat Khorsandi
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Technology Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- National Institute for Medical Research Development "NIMAD", Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medica Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Xia S, Zheng Y, Yan F, Chen G. MicroRNAs modulate neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage: Prospects for new therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945860. [PMID: 36389834 PMCID: PMC9665326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke. After ICH, blood components extravasate from vessels into the brain, activating immune cells and causing them to release a series of inflammatory mediators. Immune cells, together with inflammatory mediators, lead to neuroinflammation in the perihematomal region and the whole brain, and neuroinflammation is closely related to secondary brain injury as well as functional recovery of the brain. Despite recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of ICH, there is still no effective treatment for this disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs 17-25 nucleotides in length that are generated naturally in the human body. They bind complementarily to messenger RNAs and suppress translation, thus regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They have been found to regulate the pathophysiological process of ICH, particularly the neuroinflammatory cascade. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that manipulating the expression and activity of miRNAs can modulate immune cell activities, influence neuroinflammatory responses, and ultimately affect neurological functions after ICH. This implicates the potentially crucial roles of miRNAs in post-ICH neuroinflammation and indicates the possibility of applying miRNA-based therapeutics for this disease. Thus, this review aims to address the pathophysiological roles and molecular underpinnings of miRNAs in the regulation of neuroinflammation after ICH. With a more sophisticated understanding of ICH and miRNAs, it is possible to translate these findings into new pharmacological therapies for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang J, Li P, Zhao G, He S, Xu D, Jiang W, Peng Q, Li Z, Xie Z, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qi L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect retina in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by anti-inflammation through miR-146a-Nr4a3 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:394. [PMID: 35922863 PMCID: PMC9351183 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa is a rod-cone degenerative disease that induces irreversible vision loss. This study probed the protective capacity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived small EVs (MSC-EVs) on the retinas of rd10 mice and the underlying mechanism.
Methods MSC-EVs were injected into the vitreous of rd10 mice at postnatal day 14 and P21; morphology and function were examined at P28. The mechanism of action was explored by using co-culture of photoreceptor cell line 661 W and microglia cell line BV2.
Results Treatment with MSC-EVs increased the survival of photoreceptors and preserved their structure. Visual function, as reflected by optomotor and electroretinogram responses, was significantly enhanced in MSC-EVs-treated rd10 mice. Mechanistically, staining for Iba1, GFAP, F4/80, CD68 and CD206 showed that MSC-EVs suppressed the activation of microglial, Müller glial and macrophages. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the treatment inhibited the NF-κB pathway. RNA-seq and qPCR showed that MSC-EVs upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines while downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. MSC-EVs application in vitro decreased the number of TUNEL-positive 661 W cells co-cultured with LPS-stimulated BV2, with similar impact on the cytokine expression as in vivo study. Genetic screening predicted miR-146a to be the downstream target of MSC-EVs, which was detected in MSC-EVs and upregulated in co-cultured 661 W cells and BV2 cells after MSC-EVs treatment. Upregulation of miR-146a by using its mimic decreased the expression of the transcription factor Nr4a3, and its downregulation inhibition promoted Nr4a3 expression in both 661 W and BV2 cells. Nr4a3 was further identified as the target gene of miR-146a by dual-luciferase assay. Furthermore, overexpressing miR-146a significantly decreased the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Conclusions MSC-EVs delays retinal degeneration in rd10 mice mainly by its anti-inflammatory effect via the miR-146a-Nr4a3axis. Hence, MSC-EVs may be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03100-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengdong Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi He
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Di Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qian Peng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Han Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Y, Khan S, Liu Y, Wu G, Yong VW, Xue M. Oxidative Stress Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847246. [PMID: 35355999 PMCID: PMC8959663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly fatal disease with mortality rate of approximately 50%. Oxidative stress (OS) is a prominent cause of brain injury in ICH. Important sources of reactive oxygen species after hemorrhage are mitochondria dysfunction, degradated products of erythrocytes, excitotoxic glutamate, activated microglia and infiltrated neutrophils. OS harms the central nervous system after ICH mainly through impacting inflammation, killing brain cells and exacerbating damage of the blood brain barrier. This review discusses the sources and the possible molecular mechanisms of OS in producing brain injury in ICH, and anti-OS strategies to ameliorate the devastation of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Huang L, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Chen Q, Li L. Ferrostatin-1 Polarizes Microglial Cells Toward M2 Phenotype to Alleviate Inflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2022; 36:942-954. [PMID: 35099711 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most lethal stroke types and lacks effective therapeutic regimens. Recently, evidence has suggested the involvement of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) in the pathophysiological process of ICH. In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism. METHODS We induced an in vitro apoptosis model in organotypic hippocampal slice (OHS) using hemoglobin (Hb) and an in vivo ICH model using collagenase. OHSs were treated with MK-801, Fer-1, glutamate, and Hb to assess the impacts of Fer-1 on neuron apoptosis, glutathione peroxidase-4 activity, reactive oxygen species production, inflammation-related factors, expression of M1 markers and M2 markers, and the phagocytic function of microglial cells in vitro. Then, ICH mice were treated with Fer-1 and ruxolitinib to evaluate the effects of Fer-1-orchestrating janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway on neurological function, brain water content, hematoma volume, the anti-inflammatory factor, M1 and M2 markers, and the phagocytic function of microglial cells in vivo. RESULTS Hb or glutamate facilitated glutathione peroxidase dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and neuronal apoptosis in OHSs, which was nullified by Fer-1. Fer-1 polarized microglial cells to the M2 phenotype, enhanced their phagocytic function, and prevented inflammation in Hb-induced OHSs. In the ICH mouse model, Fer-1 was found to improve neurological function and promote hematoma absorption. In addition, Fer-1 activated the Fer-1-orchestrating janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway, which accelerated microglial M2 polarization, enhanced the phagocytic function of microglial cells, and restrained inflammation in ICH mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that Fer-1 may be a novel mechanism underlying microglial M2 polarization and inflammation after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Cancer Hospital, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Heilongjiang, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Cancer Hospital, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Heilongjiang, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Cancer Hospital, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Heilongjiang, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar Cancer Hospital, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Heilongjiang, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ammal Kaidery N, Ahuja M, Sharma SM, Thomas B. An Emerging Role of miRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Perspectives on miR146a. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:580-594. [PMID: 33403895 PMCID: PMC8388248 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Advancements in and access to health care have led to unprecedented improvements in the quality of life and increased lifespan of human beings in the past century. However, aging is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Hence, improved life expectancy has led to an increased incidence of NDs. Despite intense research, effective treatments for NDs remain elusive. The future of neurotherapeutics development depends on effective disease modification strategies centered on carefully scrutinized targets. Recent Advances: As a promising new direction, recent evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic processes modify diverse biochemical pathways, including those related to NDs. Small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are components of the epigenetic system that alter the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Critical Issues: miRNAs are expressed abundantly in the central nervous system and are critical for the normal functioning and survival of neurons. Here, we review recent advances in elucidating miRNAs' roles in NDs and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets. In particular, neuroinflammation is a major pathological hallmark of NDs and miR146a is a crucial regulator of inflammation. Future Directions: Finally, we explore the possibilities of developing miR146a as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target where additional research may help facilitate the detection and amelioration of neuroinflammation in NDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 580-594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sudarshana M Sharma
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, and Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Departments of Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Fang Y, Hong X. miR-124-3p Inhibits Microglial Secondary Inflammation After Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage by Targeting TRAF6 and Repressing the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:653321. [PMID: 34413820 PMCID: PMC8369369 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.653321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents a serious central nervous system emergency with high morbidity and mortality, and the basal ganglia is the most commonly affected brain region. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) have recently been highlighted to serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ICH. This study investigated the mechanism of miR-124-3p in microglial secondary inflammation after ICH. Methods: In this study, 48 patients with primary basal ganglia ICH and 48 healthy volunteers were selected and venous blood was collected from all patients on the second morning of admission (within 24 h of stroke onset). The expression of miR-124-3p in serum was detected by RT-qPCR. Three months after ICH, the patients were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the correlation between miR-124-3p expression and mRS score was analyzed by Pearson. The inflammatory response of microglia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the cell model of microglial inflammation. miR-124-3p expression patterns were detected in the serum of ICH patients and healthy volunteers, normal microglia, and LPS-induced microglia. The miR-124-3p mimic was transfected into LPS-induced microglia, followed by measurement of the inflammatory factors, apoptosis rate, and cell viability. The target gene of miR-124-3p was predicted and verified. The expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected. pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1-TRAF6 were transfected into LPS-induced HMC3 cells, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) expression patterns were determined. Lastly, the effects of TRAF6 overexpression on apoptosis, cell viability, and inflammation in HMC3 cells were measured. Results: miR-124-3p was downregulated in the serum of basal ganglia ICH patients and LPS-induced microglia, and miR-124-3p expression was negatively correlated with mRS. Overexpression of miR-124-3p reduced the inflammatory factors and apoptosis rate and promoted cell activity in LPS-induced microglia. miR-124-3p was found to target TRAF6. Overexpression of TRAF6 enhanced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory factors and apoptosis rate, and reduced cell viability. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miR-124-3p repressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting TRAF6, thus inhibiting microglial secondary inflammation after ICH in basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Tonyan ZN, Nasykhova YA, Danilova MM, Glotov AS. Genetics of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1200-1219. [PMID: 34512887 PMCID: PMC8394234 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that currently affects more than 400 million worldwide and is projected to cause 552 million cases by the year 2030. Long-term vascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. The recent advances in genome-wide technologies have given a powerful impetus to the study of risk markers for multifactorial diseases. To date, the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulating susceptibility to T2DM and its vascular complications is being successfully studied that provides the accumulation of genomic knowledge. In the future, this will provide an opportunity to reveal the pathogenetic pathways in the development of the disease and allow to predict the macrovascular complications in T2DM patients. This review is focused on the evidence of the role of genetic variants and epigenetic changes in the development of macrovascular pathology in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziravard N Tonyan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Yulia A Nasykhova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Institute of Translation Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria M Danilova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey S Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine of Institute of Translation Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
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11
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Rasoulinejad SA, Akbari A, Nasiri K. Interaction of miR-146a-5p with oxidative stress and inflammation in complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in male rats: Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection strategies in type 2 diabetic retinopathy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1078-1086. [PMID: 34804425 PMCID: PMC8591764 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56958.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR-146a-5p in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its interaction with oxidative stress and inflammation in the ocular tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 ±20 g) were randomly assigned to control and diabetic groups. A high-fat diet was used for three months to induce T2DM which was confirmed by the HOMA-IR index. After that, the levels of glucose and insulin in serum, HOMA-IR as an indicator of insulin resistance, the ocular level of oxidative markers, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIPs, and MCP-1 along with ocular gene expression of NF-κB, Nrf2, and miR-146a-5p were evaluated. RESULTS The level of lipid peroxidation along with metabolic and inflammatory factors significantly increased and the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly decreased in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The ocular expression of NF-κB and TNF-α increased and Nrf2, HO-1, and miR-146a-5p expression decreased in diabetic rats (P<0.05). In addition, a negative correlation between miR-146a-5p expression with NF-κB and HOMA-IR and a positive correlation between miR-146a-5p with Nrf2 were observed. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that miR-146a-5p may regulate Nrf2 and NF-κB expression and inflammation and oxidative stress in the ocular tissue of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran,Corresponding author: Khadijeh Nasiri. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. Babolsar, Iran.
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12
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Kashif H, Shah D, Sukumari-Ramesh S. Dysregulation of microRNA and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Roles in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8115. [PMID: 34360881 PMCID: PMC8347974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem and devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Notably, there is no effective treatment for ICH. Neuroinflammation, a pathological hallmark of ICH, contributes to both brain injury and repair and hence, it is regarded as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Recent studies document that microRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, can regulate inflammatory brain response after ICH and are viable molecular targets to alter brain function. Therefore, there is an escalating interest in studying the role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of ICH. Herein, we provide, for the first time, an overview of the microRNAs that play roles in ICH-induced neuroinflammation and identify the critical knowledge gap in the field, as it would help design future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (H.K.); (D.S.)
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13
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Xie B, Qiao M, Xuan J. lncRNA MEG3 Downregulation Relieves Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an miR-181b-Dependent Manner. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929435. [PMID: 34267173 PMCID: PMC8290977 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to illustrate the effects and latent mechanism of lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ICH rat model was generated to determine the role of lncRNA MEG3 in ICH. The interaction between lncRNA MEG3 and microRNA (miR)-181b were confirmed by Starbase and dual-luciferase reporter assay. One hour (h) or 3 days after ICH stimulation, rat neurological injury was evaluated by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). Brain water content and cell apoptosis were assessed using brain edema assessment and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Caspase3 activity was also determined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the representative biomarkers of oxidative stress were evidenced using detection kits. RESULTS The lncRNA MEG3 level in ICH rat brain tissues was higher than that in the sham group. miR-181b was a direct target of lncRNA MEG3 and it was downregulated in brain tissues of ICH rats. Notably, we found that neurobehavioral scores, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis were decreased and caspase3 activity was reduced in MEG3-shRNA-treated ICH rats, while we observed the opposite result in ICH+MEG3-shRNA+miR-181b inhibitor rats. Further analyses revealed that MEG3-shRNA inhibited inflammatory cytokines release and reduced oxidative stress. All these results were reversed by miR-181b inhibitor. In addition, MEG3-shRNA activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, which was reversed by miR-181b inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS MEG3-shRNA restrained oxidative stress and inflammation following ICH in an miR-181b-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rongcheng Shidao People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mingliang Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rongcheng Shidao People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jialong Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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New epigenetic players in stroke pathogenesis: From non-coding RNAs to exosomal non-coding RNAs. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111753. [PMID: 34044272 PMCID: PMC8222190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical role in the pathophysiology as well as recovery after ischemic stroke. ncRNAs, particularly microRNAs, and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical for angiogenesis and neuroprotection, and they have been suggested to be therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic tools in cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke. Moreover, exosomes have been considered as nanocarriers capable of transferring various cargos, such as lncRNAs and miRNAs to recipient cells, with prominent inter-cellular roles in the mediation of neuro-restorative events following strokes and neural injuries. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic role of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs in the stroke.
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15
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Barbosa M, Gomes C, Sequeira C, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Pina CC, Carvalho LA, Moreira R, Vaz SH, Vaz AR, Brites D. Recovery of Depleted miR-146a in ALS Cortical Astrocytes Reverts Cell Aberrancies and Prevents Paracrine Pathogenicity on Microglia and Motor Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634355. [PMID: 33968923 PMCID: PMC8103001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) change their molecular expression pattern and release toxic factors that contribute to neurodegeneration and microglial activation. We and others identified a dysregulated inflammatory miRNA profile in ALS patients and in mice models suggesting that they represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Such cellular miRNAs are known to be released into the secretome and to be carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which may be harmful to recipient cells. Thus, ALS astrocyte secretome may disrupt cell homeostasis and impact on ALS pathogenesis. Previously, we identified a specific aberrant signature in the cortical brain of symptomatic SOD1-G93A (mSOD1) mice, as well as in astrocytes isolated from the same region of 7-day-old mSOD1 mice, with upregulated S100B/HMGB1/Cx43/vimentin and downregulated GFAP. The presence of downregulated miR-146a on both cases suggests that it can be a promising target for modulation in ALS. Here, we upregulated miR-146a with pre-miR-146a, and tested glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and dipeptidyl vinyl sulfone (VS) for their immunoregulatory properties. VS was more effective in restoring astrocytic miR-146a, GFAP, S100B, HMGB1, Cx43, and vimentin levels than GUDCA, which only recovered Cx43 and vimentin mRNA. The miR-146a inhibitor generated typical ALS aberrancies in wild type astrocytes that were abolished by VS. Similarly, pre-miR-146a transfection into the mSOD1 astrocytes abrogated aberrant markers and intracellular Ca2+ overload. Such treatment counteracted miR-146a depletion in sEVs and led to secretome-mediated miR-146a enhancement in NSC-34-motor neurons (MNs) and N9-microglia. Secretome from mSOD1 astrocytes increased early/late apoptosis and FGFR3 mRNA in MNs and microglia, but not when derived from pre-miR-146a or VS-treated cells. These last strategies prevented the impairment of axonal transport and synaptic dynamics by the pathological secretome, while also averted microglia activation through either secretome, or their isolated sEVs. Proteomic analysis of the target cells indicated that pre-miR-146a regulates mitochondria and inflammation via paracrine signaling. We demonstrate that replenishment of miR-146a in mSOD1 cortical astrocytes with pre-miR-146a or by VS abrogates their phenotypic aberrancies and paracrine deleterious consequences to MNs and microglia. These results propose miR-146a as a new causal and emerging therapeutic target for astrocyte pathogenic processes in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sequeira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Campos Pina
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís A Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Chang CY, Pan PH, Li JR, Ou YC, Liao SL, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Chen CJ. Glycerol Improves Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Brain Injury and Associated Kidney Dysfunction in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040623. [PMID: 33921791 PMCID: PMC8073011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In stroke patients, the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely linked with worse outcomes and increased mortality. In this study, the interplay between post-stroke and AKI and treatment options was investigated in a rodent model of hemorrhagic stroke. Intrastriatal collagenase injection for 24 h caused neurological deficits, hematoma formation, brain edema, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in Sprague Dawley rats. Elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, and urine Malondialdehyde, as well as moderate histological abnormality in the kidney near the glomerulus, indicated evidence of kidney dysfunction. The accumulation of podocalyxin DNA in urine further suggested a detachment of podocytes and structural deterioration of the glomerulus. Circulating levels of stress hormones, such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, corticosterone, and angiotensin II were elevated in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage. Osmotic agent glycerol held promising effects in alleviating post-stroke brain injury and kidney dysfunction. Although the detailed protective mechanisms of glycerol have yet to be determined, the intrastriatal collagenase injection hemorrhagic stroke model in rats allowed us to demonstrate the functional and structural integrity of glomerulus are targets that are vulnerable to post-stroke injury and stress hormones could be surrogates of remote communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung City 420, Taiwan;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping-Ho Pan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung City 435, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Department of Urology, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung City 435, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-23592525 (ext. 4022)
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17
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Kinoshita C, Aoyama K. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Neuroprotective Effects of Glutathione. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084245. [PMID: 33921907 PMCID: PMC8073493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of antioxidative defense systems might have been mandatory for most living beings with aerobic metabolisms, because oxygen consumption produces adverse byproducts known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The brain is especially vulnerable to the effect of ROS, since the brain has large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, which are a target of lipid oxidation, as well as comparably high-energy consumption compared to other organs that results in ROS release from mitochondria. Thus, dysregulation of the synthesis and/or metabolism of antioxidants-particularly glutathione (GSH), which is one of the most important antioxidants in the human body-caused oxidative stress states that resulted in critical diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases in the brain. GSH plays crucial roles not only as an antioxidant but also as an enzyme cofactor, cysteine storage form, the major redox buffer, and a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The levels of GSH are precisely regulated by uptake systems for GSH precursors as well as GSH biosynthesis and metabolism. The rapid advance of RNA sequencing technologies has contributed to the discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs with a wide range of functions. Recent lines of evidence show that several types of non-coding RNAs, including microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, are abundantly expressed in the brain, and their activation or inhibition could contribute to neuroprotection through the regulation of GSH synthesis and/or metabolism. Interestingly, these non-coding RNAs play key roles in gene regulation and growing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs interact with each other and are co-regulated. In this review, we focus on how the non-coding RNAs modulate the level of GSH and modify the oxidative stress states in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kinoshita
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (K.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3794 (C.K.); +81-3-3964-1211 (K.A.)
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18
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Chen J, Chen T, Zhou J, Zhao X, Sheng Q, Lv Z. MiR-146a-5p Mimic Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Downstream Inflammatory Factors and CLIC4 in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:594143. [PMID: 33585442 PMCID: PMC7876392 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal emergency with a severe inflammation storm, intestinal necrosis, and perforation. MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) has been reported to be a valuable anti-inflammatory factor in various intestinal inflammatory disorders. However, the role of miR-146a-5p in NEC, its effects on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and its downstream inflammatory factors remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p and NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in NEC development. Methods: The expression levels of miR-146a and NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated in intestinal tissues. Next, the mechanism by which miR-146a-5p regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation was explored in vitro in THP-1 cells. Finally, to identify the effects of miR-146a-5p on NEC in vivo, NEC mice were transinfected with miR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus before the occurrence of NEC. Results: NLRP3 inflammasome enzymatic protein caspase-1 and its downstream inflammatory factors increased in NEC intestinal samples in both humans and mice, and miR-146a-5p expression level was increased and mainly expressed in the macrophages of the affected intestine. In vitro, only miR-146a-5p mimic inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and its upstream protein chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) expression in cellular membrane in the THP-1 cell line, and this only occurred under mild/moderate LPS concentration. MiR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus transfection reduced CLIC4 cellular membrane expression and inhibited NLRP3 downstream factors increasing in vivo. After the transfection of miR-146a-5p adenovirus, the survival rate of NEC mice was increased, and intestinal injury was ameliorated. Conclusion: MiR-146a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and CLIC4 membrane expression in NEC. Additionally, miR-146a-5p could attenuate inflammation and intestinal injury in the NEC-affected intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wang X, Hong Y, Wu L, Duan X, Hu Y, Sun Y, Wei Y, Dong Z, Wu C, Yu D, Xu J. Deletion of MicroRNA-144/451 Cluster Aggravated Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mice by Targeting 14-3-3ζ. Front Neurol 2021; 11:551411. [PMID: 33510702 PMCID: PMC7835478 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.551411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the importance and its underlying mechanism of the cluster of microRNA-144/451 (miR-144/451) in the models with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A model of collagenase-induced mice with ICH and a model of mice with simple miR-144/451 gene knockout (KO) were used in this study. Neurodeficits and the water content of the brain of the mice in each group were detected 3 days after collagenase injection. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as certain biomarkers of oxidative stress, was determined in this study. The results revealed that the expression of miR-451 significantly decreased in the mice with ICH, whereas miR-144 showed no significant changes. KO of the cluster of miR-144/451 exacerbated the neurological deficits and brain edema in the mice with ICH. Further analyses demonstrated that the KO of the cluster of miR-144/451 significantly promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β and the oxidative stress in the perihematomal region of the mice with ICH. In addition, the miR-144/451's depletion inhibited the regulatory axis' activities of miR-451-14-3-3ζ-FoxO3 in the mice with ICH. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that miR-144/451 might protect the mice with ICH against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by targeting the pathway of miR-451-14-3-3ζ-FoxO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA ResearchNoncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yin Hong
- National Center for Clinical Research of Nervous System Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA ResearchNoncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang City First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yongan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Wei
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA ResearchNoncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Duonan Yu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA ResearchNoncoding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Zhou W, Huang G, Ye J, Jiang J, Xu Q. Protective Effect of miR-340-5p against Brain Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Targeting PDCD4. Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 49:593-600. [PMID: 33176298 DOI: 10.1159/000508210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease. Increasing evidence has documented the crucial role of microRNAs in ICH. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-340-5p in ICH. METHODS The collagenase-induced ICH rat model was established. The neurological function of rats and the cerebral water content of rat brain tissue were measured to assess the brain injury. BV-2 cells were recruited and treated by LPS to mimic ICH-induced inflammatory response. qRT-PCR was used for the measurement of miR-340-5p. The protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were detected using ELISA. Luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the target gene. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-340-5p was detected in the serum of ICH patients and the brain tissues of ICH rats. Overexpression of miR-340-5p reversed the influence of ICH on the neurological function score and cerebral water content and inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), which were induced by ICH in vivo. In in vitro study, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly enhanced in cells after LPS treatment, but these increases were eliminated by overexpression of miR-340-5p. PDCD4 was a direct target gene of miR-340-5p. CONCLUSION miR-340-5p protects against brain injury after ICH. miR-340-5p might exert an anti-inflammatory effect during the occurrence of ICH via targeting PDCD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guandong Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jueming Ye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai, China,
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People' Hospital, Shanghai, China
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21
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Włodarski A, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186902. [PMID: 32962281 PMCID: PMC7555602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
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Duan S, Wang F, Cao J, Wang C. Exosomes Derived from MicroRNA-146a-5p-Enriched Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis and Microglial M1 Polarization. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3143-3158. [PMID: 32821084 PMCID: PMC7425091 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s255828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke with high mortality, and the effective therapies for ICH remain to be explored. Exosomes (Exos) have been found to play important roles in cell communication by transferring molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). MiRNAs are critical regulators of genes involved in many various biological processes and have been demonstrated to aggravate or alleviate brain damages induced by ICH. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Exos derived from miR-146a-5p-enriched bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-miR-146a-5p-Exos) on experimental ICH. Methods ICH was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by an intrastriatal injection of collagenase type IV. At 24 h after surgery, Exos were administrated. For detecting apoptotic cells, TUNEL staining was performed using an in situ Cell Death Detection Kit. Fluoro-Jade B staining was performed to detect degenerating neurons. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and OX-42. The binding of miR-146a-5p and its target genes was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Results At 24 h after surgery, BMSCs-miR-146a-5p-Exos administration significantly improved neurological function, reduced apoptotic and degenerative neurons, and inhibited inflammatory response. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p-enriched Exos obviously inhibited the M1 polarization of microglia after ICH in rats, accompanied by the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators releasing by M1 microglia including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Finally, we observed that miR-146a-5p directly targeted interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase1 (IRAK1) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), which contributed to the inflammation response and the polarization of M1 microglia/macrophages. Conclusion We demonstrated that miR-146a-5p-riched BMSCs-Exos could offer neuroprotection and functional improvements after ICH through reducing neuronal apoptosis, and inflammation associated with the inhibition of microglial M1 polarization by downregulating the expression of IRAK1 and NFAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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