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Yu T, Liu Z, Tao Q, Xu X, Li X, Li Y, Chen M, Liu R, Chen D, Wu M, Yu J. Targeting tumor-intrinsic SLC16A3 to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy via tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216824. [PMID: 38522774 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized clinical practice within the last decade. However, primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy is common in patients with diverse types of cancer. It is well-acknowledged that tumor cells can facilitate the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments via metabolism reprogramming, and lactic acid, the metabolite of glycolysis, is a significant contributor. SLC16A3 (also named as MCT4) is a transporter mediating lactic acid efflux. In this study, we investigated the role of glycolysis in immunotherapy resistance and aimed to improve the immunotherapy effects via Slc16a3 inhibition. Bioinformatical analysis revealed that the expression of glycolysis-related genes correlated with less CD8+ T cell infiltration and increased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) enrichment. We found that high glycolytic activity in tumor cells adversely affected the antitumor immune responses and efficacy of immunotherapy and radiotherapy. As the transporter of lactic acid, SLC16A3 is highly expressed in glycolytic B16-F10 (RRID: CVCL_0159) cells, as well as human non-small cell lung carcinoma. We validated that Slc16a3 expression in tumor cells negatively correlated with anti-PD-1 efficiency. Overexpression of Slc16a3 in tumor cells promoted lactic acid production and efflux, and reduced tumor response to anti-PD-1 inhibitors by inhibiting CD8+ T cell function. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Slc16a3 dramatically reduced the glycolytic activity and lactic acid production in tumor cells, and ameliorated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs), leading to boosted antitumor effects via anti-PD-1 blockade. Our study therefore demonstrates that tumor cell-intrinsic SLC16A3 may be a potential target to reverse tumor resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qingxu Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute &Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minxin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Rufei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China; Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Liu J, Bai X, Zhang M, Wu S, Xiao J, Zeng X, Li Y, Zhang Z. Energy metabolism: a new target for gastric cancer treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:338-351. [PMID: 37477784 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide having the fourth highest mortality rate. Energy metabolism is key and closely linked to tumour development. Most important in the reprogramming of cancer metabolism is the Warburg effect, which suggests that tumour cells will utilise glycolysis even with normal oxygen levels. Various molecules exert their effects by acting on enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, integral to glycolysis. Second, mitochondrial abnormalities in the reprogramming of energy metabolism, with consequences for glutamine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, abnormal fatty acid oxidation and plasma lipoprotein metabolism are important components of tumour metabolism. Third, inflammation-induced oxidative stress is a danger signal for cancer. Fourth, patterns of signalling pathways involve all aspects of metabolic transduction, and many clinical drugs exert their anticancer effects through energy metabolic signalling. This review summarises research on energy metabolism genes, enzymes and proteins and transduction pathways associated with gastric cancer, and discusses the mechanisms affecting their effects on postoperative treatment resistance and prognoses of gastric cancer. We believe that an in-depth understanding of energy metabolism reprogramming will aid the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangrong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaoyang College, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Huang A, Ni Q, Zeng C. Phenylbutyrate and Dichloroacetate Enhance the Liquid-Stored Boar Sperm Quality via PDK1 and PDK3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17091. [PMID: 38069413 PMCID: PMC10707026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-stored semen is the most prevalent and efficient assisted reproduction technique in the modern pork industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X (PDHX) was demonstrated to be associated with sperm metabolism and affected the boar sperm viability, motility, and fertility. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases (PDKs) are the key metabolic enzymes that regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity and also the conversion from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, two PDK inhibitors, Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), were added to an extender and investigated to determine their regulatory roles in liquid-stored boar sperm at 17 °C. The results indicated that PDK1 and PDK3 were predominantly located at the head and flagella of the boar sperm. The addition of 2 mM DCA and 0.5 mM 4-PBA significantly enhanced the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content. In addition, DCA and 4-PBA exerted their effects by inhibiting PDK1 and PDK3, respectively. In conclusion, DCA and 4-PBA were found to regulate the boar sperm metabolic activities via PDK1 and PDK3. These both can improve the quality parameters of liquid-stored boar sperm, which will help to improve and optimize liquid-stored boar semen after their addition in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Qingyong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Changjun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China; (Z.G.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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Chu YD, Chen CW, Lai MW, Lim SN, Lin WR. Bioenergetic alteration in gastrointestinal cancers: The good, the bad and the ugly. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4499-4527. [PMID: 37621758 PMCID: PMC10445009 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i29.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit metabolic reprogramming and bioenergetic alteration, utilizing glucose fermentation for energy production, known as the Warburg effect. However, there are a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the metabolic reprogramming, bioenergetic alteration, and their oncogenetic links in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Furthermore, the efficacy and treatment potential of emerging anticancer drugs targeting these alterations in GI cancers require further evaluation. This review highlights the interplay between aerobic glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cancer cells, as well as hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms that trigger this alteration. The role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and the oncogenetic link between hypoxia-related enzymes, bioenergetic changes, and GI cancer are also discussed. This review emphasizes the potential of targeting bioenergetic regulators for anti-cancer therapy, particularly for GI cancers. Emphasizing the potential of targeting bioenergetic regulators for GI cancer therapy, the review categorizes these regulators into aerobic glycolysis/ lactate biosynthesis/transportation and TCA cycle/coupled OXPHOS. We also detail various anti-cancer drugs and strategies that have produced pre-clinical and/or clinical evidence in treating GI cancers, as well as the challenges posed by these drugs. Here we highlight that understanding dysregulated cancer cell bioenergetics is critical for effective treatments, although the diverse metabolic patterns present challenges for targeted therapies. Further research is needed to comprehend the specific mechanisms of inhibiting bioenergetic enzymes, address side effects, and leverage high-throughput multi-omics and spatial omics to gain insights into cancer cell heterogeneity for targeted bioenergetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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5
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Zhao X, Li K, Chen M, Liu L. Metabolic codependencies in the tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer: Difficulties and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114601. [PMID: 36989719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenesis and the development of tumors affect metabolism throughout the body. Metabolic reprogramming (also known as metabolic remodeling) is a feature of malignant tumors that is driven by oncogenic changes in the cancer cells themselves as well as by cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. These include endothelial cells, matrix fibroblasts, immune cells, and malignant tumor cells. The heterogeneity of mutant clones is affected by the actions of other cells in the tumor and by metabolites and cytokines in the microenvironment. Metabolism can also influence immune cell phenotype and function. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is the result of a convergence of both internal and external signals. The basal metabolic state is maintained by internal signaling, while external signaling fine-tunes the metabolic process based on metabolite availability and cellular needs. This paper reviews the metabolic characteristics of gastric cancer, focusing on the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that drive cancer metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, and interactions between tumor cell metabolic changes and microenvironment metabolic changes. This information will be helpful for the individualized metabolic treatment of gastric cancers.
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Yang ES, Do Y, Cheon SY, Kim B, Ling J, Cho MK, Kim T, Bae SJ, Ha KT. Andrographolide suppresses aerobic glycolysis and induces apoptotic cell death by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 expression. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:72. [PMID: 36825595 PMCID: PMC9996679 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is a major characteristic of cancer cells, and controlling genes involved in metabolic shifts can be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Andrographolide (AG), a diterpenoid lactone, is widely recognized as a natural anticancer drug due to its ability to inhibit cancer growth. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the mitochondrial‑mediated anticancer effect of AG by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression in lung cancer cells. Cells were treated with AG and PDK1 mRNA and protein expression was determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. As a result, AG significantly inhibited the viability of human lung cancer cells and suppressed aerobic glycolysis by decreasing lactate generation. AG further decreased the PDK1 protein and mRNA levels in a dose‑dependent manner. AG‑induced cell death was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. AG induced apoptotic cell death that was associated with the cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, activation of caspase‑3, and mitochondrial damage, which was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. AG‑induced cell death was partially suppressed via PDK1 overexpression in lung cancer cells. Therefore, the anticancer effects of AG on human lung cancer cells may negatively regulate the expression of PDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Yang
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Do
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yun Cheon
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ling
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Cho
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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Pecoraro C, De Franco M, Carbone D, Bassani D, Pavan M, Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Cirrincione G, Dall'Acqua S, Moro S, Gandin V, Diana P. 1,2,4-Amino-triazine derivatives as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115134. [PMID: 36709650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Among the different hallmarks of cancer, deregulation of cellular metabolism turned out to be an essential mechanism in promoting cancer resistance and progression. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are well known as key regulators in cells metabolic process and their activity was found to be overexpressed in different metabolic alerted types of cancer, including the high aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To date few PDK inhibitors have been reported, and the different molecules developed are characterized by structural chemical diversity. In an attempt to find novel classes of potential PDK inhibitors, the molecular hybridization approach, which combine two or more active scaffolds in a single structure, was employed. Herein we report the synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of the novel hybrid molecules, characterized by the fusion of three different pharmacophoric sub-units such as 1,2,4-amino triazines, 7-azaindoles and indoles, in a single structure. The synthesized derivatives demonstrated a promising ability in hampering the enzymatic activity of PDK1 and 4, further confirmed by docking studies. Interestingly, these derivatives retained a strong antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells either in 2D and 3D models. Mechanistic studies in highly aggressive PDAC cells confirmed their ability to hamper PDK axis and to induce cancer cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo translational studies in a murine syngeneic solid tumor model confirmed the ability of the most representative compounds to target the PDK system and highlight the ability to reduce the tumor growth without inducing substantial body weight changes in the treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Bassani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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Guo Y, Zhou Y, Wu P, Ran M, Xu N, Shan W, Sha O, Tam KY. Dichloroacetophenone biphenylsulfone ethers as anticancer pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer models. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110467. [PMID: 37004952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is an important metabolic enzyme which is often overexpressed in many types of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Targeting PDK1 appears to be an attractive anticancer strategy. Based on a previously reported moderate potent anticancer PDK1 inhibitor, 64, we developed three dichloroacetophenone biphenylsulfone ethers, 30, 31 and 32, which showed strong PDK1 inhibitions of 74%, 83% and 72% at 10 μM, respectively. Then we investigated the anticancer effects of 31 in two NSCLC cell lines, namely, NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1975. It was found that 31 exhibited sub-micromolar cancer cell IC50s, suppressed colony formation, induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, triggered apoptosis, altered cellular glucose metabolism, with concomitant reductions in extracellular lactate levels and enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species in NSCLC cells. Moreover, 31 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in an NCI-H1975 mouse xenograft model, outperforming the anticancer effects of 64. Taken together our results suggested that inhibition of PDK1 via dichloroacetophenone biphenylsulfone ethers may provide a novel direction leading to an alternative treatment option in NSCLC therapy.
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Chen Q, Han H, Lin F, Yang L, Feng L, Lai X, Wen Z, Yang M, Wang C, Ma Y, Yin T, Lu G, Lin H, Qi J, Yang Y. Novel shikonin derivatives suppress cell proliferation, migration and induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer cells via regulating PDK1/PDHC axis. Life Sci 2022; 310:121077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pladevall-Morera D, Zylicz JJ. Chromatin as a sensor of metabolic changes during early development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1014498. [PMID: 36299478 PMCID: PMC9588933 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1014498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a complex network of biochemical reactions fueling development with energy and biomass; however, it can also shape the cellular epigenome. Indeed, some intermediates of metabolic reactions exert a non-canonical function by acting as co-factors, substrates or inhibitors of chromatin modifying enzymes. Therefore, fluctuating availability of such molecules has the potential to regulate the epigenetic landscape. Thanks to this functional coupling, chromatin can act as a sensor of metabolic changes and thus impact cell fate. Growing evidence suggest that both metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming are crucial for ensuring a successful embryo development from the zygote until gastrulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the complex relationship between metabolism and epigenetics in regulating the early stages of mammalian embryo development. We report on recent breakthroughs in uncovering the non-canonical functions of metabolism especially when re-localized to the nucleus. In addition, we identify the challenges and outline future perspectives to advance the novel field of epi-metabolomics especially in the context of early development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan J. Zylicz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, reNEW, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Islas JF, Quiroz-Reyes AG, Delgado-Gonzalez P, Franco-Villarreal H, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Garza-Treviño EN, Gonzalez-Villarreal CA. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach, Colon, and Rectum. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3948. [PMID: 36010940 PMCID: PMC9405851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are one of the world's deadliest cancers. Cancer stem cells and the tissue microenvironment are highly regulated by cell and molecular mechanisms. Cancer stem cells are essential for maintenance and progression and are associated with resistance to conventional treatments. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of the microenvironment during the primary establishment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas in the stomach, colon, and rectum and its relationship with cancer stem cells. We also describe novel developments in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments for improving gastrointestinal cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Adriana G. Quiroz-Reyes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
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12
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Yu Z, Liang C, Tu H, Qiu S, Dong X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Li P. Common Core Genes Play Vital Roles in Gastric Cancer With Different Stages. Front Genet 2022; 13:881948. [PMID: 35938042 PMCID: PMC9352954 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.881948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to complex molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) oncogenesis and progression, existing biomarkers and therapeutic targets could not significantly improve diagnosis and prognosis. This study aims to identify the key genes and signaling pathways related to GC oncogenesis and progression using bioinformatics and meta-analysis methods. Methods: Eligible microarray datasets were downloaded and integrated using the meta-analysis method. According to the tumor stage, GC gene chips were classified into three groups. Thereafter, the three groups’ differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the gene data of the tumor groups with those of matched normal specimens. Enrichment analyses were conducted based on common DEGs among the three groups. Then protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify relevant hub genes and subnetworks. The effects of significant DEGs and hub genes were verified and explored in other datasets. In addition, the analysis of mutated genes was also conducted using gene data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Results: After integration of six microarray datasets, 1,229 common DEGs consisting of 1,065 upregulated and 164 downregulated genes were identified. Alpha-2 collagen type I (COL1A2), tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), thymus cell antigen 1 (THY1), and biglycan (BGN) were selected as significant DEGs throughout GC development. The low expression of ghrelin (GHRL) is associated with a high lymph node ratio (LNR) and poor survival outcomes. Thereafter, we constructed a PPI network of all identified DEGs and gained 39 subnetworks and the top 20 hub genes. Enrichment analyses were performed for common DEGs, the most related subnetwork, and the top 20 hub genes. We also selected 61 metabolic DEGs to construct PPI networks and acquired the relevant hub genes. Centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) and POLR1A were identified as hub genes associated with survival outcomes. Conclusion: The DEGs, hub genes, and enrichment analysis for GC with different stages were comprehensively investigated, which contribute to exploring the new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- First Department of Liver Disease / Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyu Li,
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13
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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14
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Hossain M, Roayapalley PK, Sakagami H, Satoh K, Bandow K, Das U, Dimmock JR. Dichloroacetyl Amides of 3,5-Bis(benzylidene)-4-piperidones Displaying Greater Toxicity to Neoplasms than to Non-Malignant Cells. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9060035. [PMID: 35736248 PMCID: PMC9228592 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,5-bis(benzylidene)-1-dichloroacetyl-4-piperidones 1a–l was evaluated against Ca9-22, HSC-2, HSC-3, and HSC-4 squamous cell carcinomas. Virtually all of the compounds displayed potent cytotoxicity, with 83% of the CC50 values being submicromolar and several CC50 values being in the double digit nanomolar range. The compounds were appreciably less toxic to human HGF, HPLF, and HPC non-malignant cells, which led to some noteworthy selectivity index (SI) figures. From these studies, 1d,g,k emerged as the lead molecules in terms of their potencies and SI values. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study revealed that cytotoxic potencies and potency–selectivity expression figures increased when the magnitude of the sigma values in the aryl rings was elevated. The modes of action of the representative cytotoxins in Ca9-22 cells were found to include G2/M arrest and stimulation of the cells to undergo mitosis and cause poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and procaspase 3 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossain
- School of Sciences, Indiana University Kokomo, Kokomo, IN 46904, USA;
| | - Praveen K. Roayapalley
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-715-4217
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kenjiro Bandow
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.); (K.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (U.D.); (J.R.D.)
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15
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Hypoxia-driven metabolic heterogeneity and immune evasive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancers: Elements of a recipe for disaster. Cytokine 2022; 156:155917. [PMID: 35660715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers refer to a group of malignancies associated with the GI tract (GIT). Like other solid tumors, hypoxic regions consistently feature inside the GI tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute towards metabolic reprogramming of tumor-resident cells by modulating hypoxia-induced factors. We highlight here how the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells generate immunosuppressive environment inside hypoxic tumors. Given the fluctuating nature of tumor hypoxia, the metabolic fluxes between immune cells and cancer cells change dynamically. These changes alter cellular phenotypes and functions, resulting in the acceleration of cancer progression. These evolved properties of hypoxic tumors make metabolism-targeting monotherapy approaches or immunotherapy-measures unsuccessful. The current review highlights the advantages of combined immunometabolic treatment strategies to target hypoxic GI cancers and also identifies research areas to develop better combinational therapeutics for future.
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16
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Jeong Y, Jin S, Palanikumar L, Choi H, Shin E, Go EM, Keum C, Bang S, Kim D, Lee S, Kim M, Kim H, Lee KH, Jana B, Park MH, Kwak SK, Kim C, Ryu JH. Stimuli-Responsive Adaptive Nanotoxin to Directly Penetrate the Cellular Membrane by Molecular Folding and Unfolding. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5503-5516. [PMID: 35235326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanomachines, including proteins and nucleic acids whose function is activated by conformational changes, are involved in every biological process, in which their dynamic and responsive behaviors are controlled by supramolecular recognition. The development of artificial nanomachines that mimic the biological functions for potential application as therapeutics is emerging; however, it is still limited to the lower hierarchical level of the molecular components. In this work, we report a synthetic machinery nanostructure in which actuatable molecular components are integrated into a hierarchical nanomaterial in response to external stimuli to regulate biological functions. Two nanometers core-sized gold nanoparticles are covered with ligand layers as actuatable components, whose folding/unfolding motional response to the cellular environment enables the direct penetration of the nanoparticles across the cellular membrane to disrupt intracellular organelles. Furthermore, the pH-responsive conformational movements of the molecular components can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. This strategy based on the mechanical motion of molecular components on a hierarchical nanocluster would be useful to design biomimetic nanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdo Jeong
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeong Jin
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - L Palanikumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Min Go
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoon Keum
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Bang
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkap Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Fusion Biotechnology, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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17
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Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
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18
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Bai L, Zhu HL. A dose- and time-dependent effect of oxythiamine on cell growth inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:633-641. [PMID: 35603057 PMCID: PMC9120279 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe high mortality rate of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is mostly due to the high risk of recurrence. A comprehensive understanding of proliferation mechanisms of NSCLC would remarkably contribute to blocking up the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. In our previous study, the remarkable decreased activity of Thiamine-dependent enzymes (TDEs), involving in intermediary metabolism responsible for energy production of tumor, was found under conditions of thiamine deficiency in vivo. To explore the effect of Oxythiamine (OT), a TDEs antimetabolite, on cell growth, we co-cultured A549 cells with OT in vitro at various doses (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM) and time periods (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) and subsequent cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed respectively. Our findings demonstrated that A549 cells proliferation was significantly downregulated by OT treatment in a progressively dose as well as time dependent manner. Inhibition of TDEs resulted in antagonism of lung cancer growth by inducing cells to cease the cycle as well as apoptotic cell death. We concluded a critical role of OT, a TDEs antagonistic compound, indicating the potential target of its practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Hui-li Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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19
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Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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20
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Subramaniam S, Jeet V, Gunter JH, Clements JA, Batra J. Allele-Specific MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of a Glycolysis Gatekeeper PDK1 in Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143582. [PMID: 34298795 PMCID: PMC8304593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has revealed that genetic variations in microRNA (miRNA) binding sites called miRSNPs can alter miRNA binding in an allele-specific manner and impart prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Two miRSNPs, rs1530865 (G > C) and rs2357637 (C > A), in the 3' untranslated region of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) have been previously reported to be associated with PCa risk. However, these results have not been functionally validated. METHODS In silico analysis was used to predict miRNA-PDK1 interactions and was tested using PDK1 knockdown, miRNA overexpression and reporter gene assay. RESULTS PDK1 expression was found to be upregulated in PCa metastasis. Further, our results show that PDK1 suppression reduced the migration, invasion, and glycolysis of PCa cells. Computational predictions showed that miR-3916, miR-3125 and miR-3928 had a higher binding affinity for the C allele than the G allele for the rs1530865 miRSNP which was validated by reporter gene assays. Similarly, miR-2116 and miR-889 had a higher affinity for the A than C allele of the rs2357637 miRSNP. Overexpression of miR-3916 and miR-3125 decreased PDK1 protein levels in cells expressing the rs1530865 SNP C allele, and miR-2116 reduced in cells with the rs2357637 SNP A allele. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to report the regulation of the PDK1 gene by miRNAs in an allele-dependent manner and highlights the role of PDK1 in metabolic adaption associated with PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugarniya Subramaniam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (S.S.); (V.J.); (J.H.G.); (J.A.C.)
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-734437336
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21
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Addeo M, Di Paola G, Verma HK, Laurino S, Russi S, Zoppoli P, Falco G, Mazzone P. Gastric Cancer Stem Cells: A Glimpse on Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698394. [PMID: 34249759 PMCID: PMC8262334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most widespread causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Recently, emerging implied that gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play an important role in the initiation and progression of GC. This subpopulation comprises cells with several features, such as self-renewal capability, high proliferating rate, and ability to modify their metabolic program, which allow them to resist current anticancer therapies. Metabolic pathway intermediates play a pivotal role in regulating cell differentiation both in tumorigenesis and during normal development. Thus, the dysregulation of both anabolic and catabolic pathways constitutes a significant opportunity to target GCSCs in order to eradicate the tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about metabolic phenotype that supports GCSC proliferation and we overview the compounds that selectively target metabolic intermediates of CSCs that can be used as a strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Addeo
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Paola
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-centro di riferimento oncologico della basilicata (CROB), Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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22
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Feuerecker B, Biechl P, Veltkamp C, Saur D, Eisenreich W. Metabolic Response of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells under Treatment with Dichloroacetate. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060350. [PMID: 34070873 PMCID: PMC8228235 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern oncology, the analysis and evaluation of treatment response are still challenging. Hence, we used a 13C-guided approach to study the impacts of the small molecule dichloroacetate (DCA) upon the metabolic response of pancreatic cancer cells. Two different oncogenic PI3K-driven pancreatic cancer cell lines, 9580 and 10,158, respectively, were treated with 75 mM DCA for 18 h. In the presence of [U-13C6]glucose, the effects of DCA treatment in the core carbon metabolism were analyzed in these cells using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 13C-enrichments and isotopologue profiles of key amino acids revealed considerable effects of the DCA treatment upon glucose metabolism. The DCA treatment of the two pancreatic cell lines resulted in a significantly decreased incorporation of [U-13C6]glucose into the amino acids alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine in treated, but not in untreated, cancer cells. For both cell lines, the data indicated some activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase with increased carbon flux via the TCA cycle, but also massive inhibition of glycolytic flux and amino acid biosynthesis presumably by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC axis. Together, it appears worthwhile to study the early treatment response in DCA-guided or accompanied cancer therapy in more detail, since it could open new avenues for improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site München, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (W.E.)
| | - Philipp Biechl
- Bavarian NMR Center—Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Christian Veltkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center—Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (W.E.)
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23
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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24
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Jiang J, Peng L, Wang K, Huang C. Moonlighting Metabolic Enzymes in Cancer: New Perspectives on the Redox Code. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:979-1003. [PMID: 32631077 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic reprogramming is considered to be a critical adaptive biological event that fulfills the energy and biomass demands for cancer cells. One hallmark of metabolic reprogramming is reduced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic abnormalities contribute to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the by-products of metabolic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that ROS can in turn directly or indirectly affect the expression, activity, or subcellular localization of metabolic enzymes, contributing to the moonlighting functions outside of their primary roles. This review summarizes the multifunctions of metabolic enzymes and the involved redox modification patterns, which further reveal the inherent connection between metabolism and cellular redox state. Recent Advances: These noncanonical functions of metabolic enzymes involve the regulation of epigenetic modifications, gene transcription, post-translational modification, cellular antioxidant capacity, and many other fundamental cellular events. The multifunctional properties of metabolic enzymes further expand the metabolic dependencies of cancer cells, and confer cancer cells with a means of adapting to diverse environmental stimuli. Critical Issues: Deciphering the redox-manipulated mechanisms with specific emphasis on the moonlighting function of metabolic enzymes is important for clarifying the pertinence between metabolism and redox processes. Future Directions: Investigation of the redox-regulated moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes will shed new lights into the mechanism by which metabolic enzymes gain noncanonical functions, and yield new insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment by targeting metabolic-redox abnormalities. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 979-1003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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25
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Imanaka S, Shigetomi H, Kobayashi H. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism of cumulus cells and oocytes and its therapeutic significance. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:653-667. [PMID: 33675030 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanism for the glucose metabolism, especially pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), during oocyte maturation, as well as future perspectives of therapeutic strategies for aging focusing on metabolic regulation between aerobic glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Each keyword alone or in combination was used to search from PubMed. Glucose metabolism is a dynamic process involving "On" and "Off" switches by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-PDH axis, which is crucial for energy metabolism and mitochondrial efficiency in cumulus cell differentiation and oocyte maturation. Activation of PDK suppresses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) through the inactivation of PDH, which allows the cumulus cells to supply sufficient amounts of pyruvate, lactate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to the oocytes. On the other hand, inactivation of PDK in oocytes can produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to the TCA cycle/OXPHOS. The metabolic balance between aerobic glycolysis and TCA cycle/OXPHOS presents us with a number of enzymes, ligands, receptors, and antioxidants that are potential therapeutic targets, some of which have already been successfully pursued to improve fertility outcomes. However, there are also many reports that question their efficacy. In conclusion, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the PDK-PDH axis is a crucial step to advance in novel therapeutic strategies to improve oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Aska Ladies Clinic, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan. .,Ms.Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Japan.
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26
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship of novel dichloroacetophenones targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with potent anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113225. [PMID: 33550182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are promising therapeutic targets that have received increasing attentions in cancer metabolism. In this paper, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel dichloroacetophenones as potent PDKs inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship analysis enabled us to identify a potent compound 6u, which inhibited PDKs with an EC50 value of 0.09 μM, and reduced various cancer cells proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 3.8 μM, while show weak effect against non-cancerous L02 cell (IC50 > 10 μM). In the A375 xenograft model, 6u displayed an obvious antitumor activity at a dose of 5 mg/kg, but with no negative effect to the mice weight. Molecular docking suggested that 6u formed direct hydrogen bond interactions with Ser75 and Gln61 in PDK1, and meanwhile the aniline skeleton in 6u was sandwiched by the conserved hydrophobic residues Phe78 and Phe65, which contribute to the biochemical activity improvement. Moreover, 6u induced A375 cell apoptosis and cell arrest in G1 phase, and inhibited cancer cell migration. In addition, 6u altered glucose metabolic pathway in A375 cell by decreasing lactate formation and increasing ROS production and OCR consumption, which could serve as a potential modulator to reprogram the glycolysis pathway in cancer cell.
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27
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Marcucci F, Rumio C. Glycolysis-induced drug resistance in tumors-A response to danger signals? Neoplasia 2021; 23:234-245. [PMID: 33418276 PMCID: PMC7804361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells often switch from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolytic metabolism even under aerobic conditions. Tumor cell glycolysis is accompanied by several nonenzymatic activities among which induction of drug resistance has important therapeutic implications. In this article, we review the main aspects of glycolysis-induced drug resistance. We discuss the classes of antitumor drugs that are affected and the components of the glycolytic pathway (transporters, enzymes, metabolites) that are involved in the induction of drug resistance. Glycolysis-associated drug resistance occurs in response to stimuli, either cell-autonomous (e.g., oncoproteins) or deriving from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., hypoxia or pseudohypoxia, mechanical cues, etc.). Several mechanisms mediate the induction of drug resistance in response to glycolytic metabolism: inhibition of apoptosis, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, induction of autophagy, inhibition of drug influx and increase of drug efflux. We suggest that drug resistance in response to glycolysis comes into play in presence of qualitative (e.g., expression of embryonic enzyme isoforms, post-translational enzyme modifications) or quantitative (e.g., overexpression of enzymes or overproduction of metabolites) alterations of glycolytic metabolism. We also discern similarities between changes occurring in tumor cells in response to stimuli inducing glycolysis-associated drug resistance and those occurring in cells of the innate immune system in response to danger signals and that have been referred to as danger-associated metabolic modifications. Eventually, we briefly address that also mitochondrial oxidative metabolism may induce drug resistance and discuss the therapeutic implications deriving from the fact that the main energy-generating metabolic pathways may be both at the origin of antitumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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28
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Yao S, Shang W, Huang L, Xu R, Wu M, Wang F. The oncogenic and prognostic role of PDK1 in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:630-643. [PMID: 33403023 PMCID: PMC7778543 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal of gynecological tumors in women. Tumor metabolism has become a new opportunity in the treatment of tumors. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), as a key regulatory enzyme implicated in metabolic reprogramming of tumors, abnormally high expressed in various tumors and involved in the regulation of tumor cell biological behavior. However, the role of PDK1 in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Our team identified the expression of PDK1 in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues through RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining and evaluated the correlation of PDK1 expression with clinicopathologic features of patients and survival analyses. We used a variety of in vitro experiments to explore the influence of PDK1 on proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation, apoptosis and the cell cycle of ovarian cancer cell lines CAOV3 and SKOV3. PDK1 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and OC tissues. High expression of PDK1 was closely correlated to tumor size, FIGO stage, extraovarian metastases status and distribution. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that PDK1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Moreover, PDK1 was a superior predictor in prognosis of ovarian cancer and the incorporation of CA125 into PDK1 generated a predictive combination that displayed better predictive accuracy for overall survival. Downregulation of PDK1 suppressed the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells due to S phase arrest and cellular apoptosis. PDK1 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker, even a promising antineoplastic target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 211100, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
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29
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Atas E, Oberhuber M, Kenner L. The Implications of PDK1-4 on Tumor Energy Metabolism, Aggressiveness and Therapy Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583217. [PMID: 33384955 PMCID: PMC7771695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis-known as the Warburg effect-is characteristic for many cancers. It gives the cancer cells a survival advantage in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and protects them from cytotoxic effects of oxidative damage and apoptosis. The main regulators of this metabolic shift are the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms 1-4. PDK is known to be overexpressed in several cancers and is associated with bad prognosis and therapy resistance. Whereas the expression of PDK1-3 is tissue specific, PDK4 expression is dependent on the energetic state of the whole organism. In contrast to other PDK isoforms, not only oncogenic, but also tumor suppressive functions of PDK4 have been reported. In tumors that profit from high OXPHOS and high de novo fatty acid synthesis, PDK4 can have a protective effect. This is the case for prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, and makes PDK4 an interesting therapeutic target. While most work is focused on PDK in tumors characterized by high glycolytic activity, little research is devoted to those cases where PDK4 acts protective and is therefore highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Atas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Oberhuber
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area ‘Data & Technologies’, CBmed—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area ‘Data & Technologies’, CBmed—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Jin L, Kim EY, Chung TW, Han CW, Park SY, Han JH, Bae SJ, Lee JR, Kim YW, Jang SB, Ha KT. Hemistepsin A suppresses colorectal cancer growth through inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21940. [PMID: 33318678 PMCID: PMC7736850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells primarily produce their energy through a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation even in the presence of abundant oxygen. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1, an enzyme responsible for aerobic glycolysis via phosphorylating and inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, is commonly overexpressed in tumors and recognized as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Hemistepsin A (HsA) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Hemistepta lyrata Bunge (Compositae). Here, we report that HsA is a PDK1 inhibitor can reduce the growth of colorectal cancer and consequent activation of mitochondrial ROS-dependent apoptotic pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Computational simulation and biochemical assays showed that HsA directly binds to the lipoamide-binding site of PDK1, and subsequently inhibits the interaction of PDK1 with the E2 subunit of PDH complex. As a result of PDK1 inhibition, lactate production was decreased, but oxygen consumption was increased. Mitochondrial ROS levels and mitochondrial damage were also increased. Consistent with these observations, the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells was promoted by HsA with enhanced activation of caspase-3 and -9. These results suggested that HsA might be a potential candidate for developing a novel anti-cancer drug through suppressing cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, Gyeonsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, Gyeonsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Yangsan, Gyeonsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Dichloroacetate Radiosensitizes Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249367. [PMID: 33316932 PMCID: PMC7763818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Reprogramming metabolic pathways can potentially sensitize tumors with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS are the primary effector molecules of radiation and an increase hereof will enhance the radioresponse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DCA and radiotherapy on two TNBC cell lines, namely EMT6 and 4T1, under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. As expected, DCA treatment decreased phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lowered both extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and lactate production. Remarkably, DCA treatment led to a significant increase in ROS production (up to 15-fold) in hypoxic cancer cells but not in aerobic cells. Consistently, DCA radiosensitized hypoxic tumor cells and 3D spheroids while leaving the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells unchanged. Our results suggest that although described as an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-promoting drug, DCA can also increase hypoxic radioresponses. This study therefore paves the way for the targeting of mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxic cancer cells, in particular to combat radioresistance.
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32
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Lactate in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Essential Molecule in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113244. [PMID: 33153193 PMCID: PMC7693872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of lactate in cancer described by Otto Warburg in 1927 states that cancer cells uptake high amount of glucose with a marked increase in lactate production, this is known as the “Warburg effect”. Since then lactate turn out to be a major signaling molecule in cancer progression. Its release from tumor cells is accompanied by acidification ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which favors processes such as tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor resistance and more importantly, immunosuppression which has been associated with a poor outcome. The goal of this review is to examine and discuss in deep detail the recent studies that address the role of lactate in all these cancerous processes. Lastly, we explore the efforts to target the lactate production and its transport as a promising approach for cancer therapeutics. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease that includes the reprogramming of metabolic pathways by malignant proliferating cells, including those affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The “TME concept” was introduced in recognition of the roles played by factors other than tumor cells in cancer progression. In response to the hypoxic or semi-hypoxic characteristic of the TME, cancer cells generate a large amount of lactate via the metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Export of this newly generated lactate by the tumor cells together with H+ prevents intracellular acidification but acidifies the TME. In recent years, the importance of lactate and acidosis in carcinogenesis has gained increasing attention, including the role of lactate as a tumor-promoting metabolite. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism in tumor cells and the ability of extracellular lactate to direct the metabolic reprogramming of those cells. Studies demonstrating the roles of lactate in biological processes that drive or sustain carcinogenesis (tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor resistance) and lactate’s role as an immunosuppressor that contributes to tumor evasion are also considered. Finally, we consider recent therapeutic efforts using available drugs directed at and interfering with lactate production and transport in cancer treatment.
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Development of dual inhibitors targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases and human lactate dehydrogenase A: High-throughput virtual screening, synthesis and biological validation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen J, Cheuk IWY, Siu MT, Yang W, Cheng ASL, Shin VY, Kwong A. Human haptoglobin contributes to breast cancer oncogenesis through glycolytic activity modulation. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2865-2877. [PMID: 33042622 PMCID: PMC7539774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism reprogramming is a hallmark in cancers including breast cancer. Switching off the glycolytic energy in cancer has been indicated as one of the anti-cancer strategies. Aberrant haptoglobin (HP) expression has been shown to cause metabolic dysfunction and implicated in different malignancies. However, its roles in breast cancer and glycolysis remain elusive. Here, we reported HP was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and the circulation. HP conferred oncogenic roles by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Further analysis identified the correlation between HP and glycolytic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) and hexokinase (HK). Glycolytic activities were altered upon HP knockdown which were confirmed by glucose uptake and LDH activity assays. GPI was found to be downstream effector of HP while knockdown of GPI led to decreased glycolytic activity and restored oxygen consumption. GPI silencing decreased cell migration/invasion ability and sensitized breast cancer cells to chemo-drug. Moreover, animal study suggested inhibition of both HP and GPI significantly impeded tumor growth in mice. Collectively, we report for the first time the oncogenic roles of HP, at least partially, through regulating glycolysis and its downstream effector, GPI, contributes in maintaining EMT and chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Isabella Wai-Yin Cheuk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Man-Ting Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred SL Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian Yvonne Shin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalChina
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalChina
- Department of Surgery, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and HospitalHong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family RegistryHong Kong SAR, China
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Mohammadi S, Arefnezhad R, Danaii S, Yousefi M. New insights into the core Hippo signaling and biological macromolecules interactions in the biology of solid tumors. Biofactors 2020; 46:514-530. [PMID: 32445262 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved pathway, Hippo signaling pathway impacts different pathology and physiology processes such as wound healing, tissue repair/size and regeneration. When some components of Hippo signaling dysregulated, it affects cancer cells proliferation. Moreover, the relation Hippo pathway with other signaling including Wnt, TGFβ, Notch, and EGFR signaling leaves effect on the proliferation of cancer cells. Utilizing a number of therapeutic approaches, such as siRNAs and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) to prevent cancer cells through the targeting of Hippo pathways, can provide new insights into cancer target therapy. The purpose of present review, first of all, is to demonstrate the importance of Hippo signaling and its relation with other signaling pathways in cancer. It also tries to demonstrate targeting Hippo signaling progress in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Depatment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Guo K, Cao Y, Li Z, Zhou X, Ding R, Chen K, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Fang M. Glycine metabolomic changes induced by anticancer agents in A549 cells. Amino Acids 2020; 52:793-809. [PMID: 32430875 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycine plays a key role in rapidly proliferating cancer cells such as A549 cells. Targeting glycine metabolism is considered as a potential means for cancer treatment. However, the drug-induced alterations in glycine metabolism have not yet been investigated. Herein, a total of 34 glycine metabolites were examined in A549 cells with or without anticancer drug treatment. This work showed all tested anticancer agents could alter glycine metabolism in A549 cells including inhibition of pyruvate metabolism and down-regulation of betaine aldehyde and 5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis exhibited the difference between control and each drug-treated group. In general, cisplatin, camptothecin, and SAHA could induce the significant down-regulation of more metabolites, compared with afatinib, gefitinib, and targretin. Both glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and purine metabolism were significantly disturbed by the treatment with afatinib, gefitinib, and targretin. However, the treatment using cisplatin, camptothecin, and SAHA was considered to be highly responsible for the perturbation of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Finally, multivariate analysis for control and all drug-treated groups revealed 11 altered metabolites with a significant difference. It implies anti-cancer agents with different mechanisms of action might induce different comprehensive changes of glycine metabolomics. The current study provides fundamental insights into the acquisition of the role of anti-cancer agents in glycine metabolism while suppressing cancer cell proliferation, and may aid the development of cancer treatment targeting glycine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kejing Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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β-Asarone Increases Chemosensitivity by Inhibiting Tumor Glycolysis in Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6981520. [PMID: 32351601 PMCID: PMC7171649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6981520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-asarone is the main active ingredient of the Chinese herb Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, which exhibits a wide range of biological activities. It was confirmed to be an efficient cytotoxic agent against gastroenteric cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of β-asarone in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. The present study showed the inhibitory effect of β-asarone on three types of different differentiation stage GC cell lines (MGC803, SGC7901, and MKN74) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the synergistic sensitivity of β-asarone and cisplatin was confirmed by using the median-effect principle. Flow cytometry assay revealed that under both normoxia and CoCl2-induced hypoxia conditions, β-asarone can induce apoptosis of GC cells, which can block GC cells in the cell cycle G2/M phase, showing obvious subdiploid peak. Moreover, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme that plays an important role in the final step of tumor glycolysis, was significantly decreased in GC cells following treatment with β-asarone. Mechanistically, β-asarone can reduce pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1, phospho(p)-PDK1, PDK4, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α), c-myc, STAT5, and p-STAT5 expression, which revealed how β-asarone affects tumor glycolysis. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that the increase of chemotherapy sensitization by β-asarone is associated with the inhibition of tumor glycolysis.
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Yin C, Gao B, Yang J, Wu J. Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) Expression is Associated with Tumor Size and Poor Prognosis in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e920778. [PMID: 32201432 PMCID: PMC7115115 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.920778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinicopathological parameters associated with glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression in advanced gastric cancer are still controversial. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis associated with GLUT-1 expression in advanced gastric cancer. Material/Methods The GLUT-1 expression level of 234 consecutive gastric cancer samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated by semiquantitative analysis. The clinicopathological data and expression level of GLUT-1 of enrolled patients were retrospectively analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Tumor size, depth of invasion, and Lauren classification were independent factors related to GLUT-1 expression (P<0.05). Within advanced gastric cancer, tumor size and Lauren type were independent factors associated with GLUT-1 (P=0.011, P<0.001, respectively). The mean survival time of GLUT-1-positive patients with stage M0 advanced gastric cancer who had undergone radical gastrectomy was shorter than that of GLUT-1-negative patients (61.26±6.12 versus 80.88±7.38, P=0.044). GLUT-1 was an independent prognosis factor in locally advanced gastric cancer patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.769, P=0.046). The mean survival time of adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than no adjuvant chemotherapy in the GLUT-1-positive group (71.10±6.88 versus 24.65±8.69, P<0.001) and in the GLUT-1 negative group (87.48±7.99 versus 49.39±11.71, P<0.001). Conclusions Tumor size and Lauren type independently affected GLUT-1 expression in advanced gastric cancer. GLUT-1 was not only related to poor prognosis but also predicted to be a metabolic biomarker for intestinal type in locally advanced gastric cancer. The relationship among GLUT-1, hepatic metastasis and chemotherapy regimens, and mechanism of chemotherapy responses related to GLUT-1 should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqing Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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PDK1 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by modulating tumor-mesothelial adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis via α5β1 integrin and JNK/IL-8 signaling. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:24. [PMID: 32071289 PMCID: PMC7028730 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancies owing to the lack of definitive symptoms until development of widespread metastases. Identification of novel prognostic and therapeutic targets is therefore an urgent need to improve survival. Here, we demonstrated high expression of the mitochondrial gatekeeping enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), in both clinical samples and cell lines of ovarian cancer. PDK1 expression was significantly associated with metastasis, reduced chemosensitivity, and poor overall and disease-free survival, and further highlighted as an independent prognostic factor. Silencing of PDK1 retarded lactate production, ovarian cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and consequently metastasis, concomitant with decreased α5β1 integrin expression. Phospho-kinase array profiling and RNA sequencing analyses further revealed reduction of JNK activation and IL-8 expression in PDK1-depleted cells. Conversely, PDK1 overexpression promoted cell adhesion via modulation of α5β1 integrins, along with cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis through activation of JNK/IL-8 signaling. PDK1 depletion additionally hindered tumor growth and dissemination in nude mice in vivo. Importantly, PDK1 levels were upregulated upon treatment with conditioned medium from omental tissues, which in turn promoted metastasis. Our findings suggest that PDK1, which is regulated by the tumor microenvironment, controls lactate production and promotes ovarian cancer cell metastasis via modulation of α5β1 integrin and JNK/IL-8 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate an association between PDK1 and survival in patients with ovarian cancer, supporting its efficacy as a valuable prognostic marker and therapeutic molecular target for the disease.
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 959] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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Atas E, Oberhuber M, Kenner L. The Implications of PDK1-4 on Tumor Energy Metabolism, Aggressiveness and Therapy Resistance. Front Oncol 2020. [PMID: 33384955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis-known as the Warburg effect-is characteristic for many cancers. It gives the cancer cells a survival advantage in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and protects them from cytotoxic effects of oxidative damage and apoptosis. The main regulators of this metabolic shift are the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms 1-4. PDK is known to be overexpressed in several cancers and is associated with bad prognosis and therapy resistance. Whereas the expression of PDK1-3 is tissue specific, PDK4 expression is dependent on the energetic state of the whole organism. In contrast to other PDK isoforms, not only oncogenic, but also tumor suppressive functions of PDK4 have been reported. In tumors that profit from high OXPHOS and high de novo fatty acid synthesis, PDK4 can have a protective effect. This is the case for prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, and makes PDK4 an interesting therapeutic target. While most work is focused on PDK in tumors characterized by high glycolytic activity, little research is devoted to those cases where PDK4 acts protective and is therefore highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Atas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Oberhuber
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area 'Data & Technologies', CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Area 'Data & Technologies', CBmed-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tao L, Yu H, Liang R, Jia R, Wang J, Jiang K, Wang Z. Rev-erbα inhibits proliferation by reducing glycolytic flux and pentose phosphate pathway in human gastric cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:57. [PMID: 31591390 PMCID: PMC6779746 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rev-erbα is a nuclear receptor, which regulates circadian rhythm, inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. We previously showed Rev-erbα reduction in human gastric cancer, which is associated with TMN stages and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that Rev-erbα modulates proliferation via glycolytic flux and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in gastric cancer. Knockdown of Rev-erbα significantly increased proliferation as well as glycolytic flux and the PPP in human gastric cancer cells. These effects were reduced by a Rev-erbα agonist GSK4112 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Rev-erbα was recruited on the promoters of PFKFB3 and G6PD genes, thereby inhibiting their gene transcription. GSK4112 treatment reduced PFKFB3 and G6PD gene expression, which was not affected by BMAL1 knockdown. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis and the PPP using corresponding PFKFB3 and G6PD inhibitors attenuated Rev-erbα knockdown-induced proliferation in gastric cancer cells. GSK4112 treatment was not able to reduce proliferation in SGC-7901 overexpressing both PFKFB3 and G6PD genes. Both PFKFB3 and G6PD were overexpressed in patients with gastric cancer, and positively correlated with the TMN stages. The PPP and glycolysis were enhanced in gastric cancer tissues of patients with low expression of Rev-erbα compared to the patients with high expression of Rev-erbα. In conclusion, Rev-erbα reduction causes gastric cancer progression by augmenting the PPP and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Cho H, Shin I, Cho K, Yoon H, Yoo EK, Kim MJ, Park S, Lee IK, Kim ND, Sim T. Identification of Novel Resorcinol Amide Derivatives as Potent and Specific Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDHK) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8461-8479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungseon Cho
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Yoon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 2387 Dalgubeol-daero, Suseong-gu, Daegu 42019, Republic of Korea
- NDBio Therapeutics Inc., 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular switches in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to profile the gene alterations involved in PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in patients with CRC. METHODS Tumoral and matched peritumoral tissues were collected from 15 CRC patients who went routine surgery. A human PI3K-AKT signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, which profiled the transcriptional changes of a total number of 84 genes involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway, was then applied to determine the gene alterations in CRC tumoral tissue with matched peritumoral tissue as a healthy control. Subsequent real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blot (WB) with different subgroups of CRC patients were then performed to further validate the array findings. RESULTS The PCR array identified 14 aberrantly expressed genes involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC tumoral tissue, among which 12 genes, CCND1, CSNK2A1, EIF4E, EIF4EBP1, EIF4G1, FOS, GRB10, GSK3B, ILK, PTK2, PTPN11, and PHEB were significantly up-modulated (> two fold) while the remaining two, PDK1 and PIK3CG, were down-regulated (> two fold). These genes involve in the regulation of gene transcription and translation, cell cycle, and cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The real-time reverse transcription PCR validation agreed with the array data towards the tested genes, CCND1, EIF4E, FOS, and PIK3CG, while it failed to obtain similar result for PDK1. Interestingly, the WB analyses were further consistent with the PCR results that the protein levels of CCND1, EIF4E, and FOS were apparently up-regulated and that protein PIK3CG was down-modulated. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study identified a deregulated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC patients, which might serve as therapeutic target(s).
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PDK-1 mediated Hippo-YAP-IRS2 signaling pathway and involved in the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182099. [PMID: 30988063 PMCID: PMC6522739 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), a gatekeeper enzyme, was involved in cancer progression, such as tumor angiogenesis, cell survival, and growth. Recent evidence indicated that PDK-1 may be involved in lung cancer, however, the function and underlying mechanism of PDK-1 is remaining unclear. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the role and mechanisms of PDK-1 in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We first observed that PDK-1 was highly expressed in NSCLC cell lines. PDK-1 silence resulted in the inhibition of NSCLC cell survival. Also, cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were increased by PDK-1 knockdown in H1299 and A549 cells. Attenuation of PDK-1 expression blocked YAP and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) expression, and PDK-1 silence suppressed IRS2 expression dependent on Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Moreover, further studies confirmed that YAP or IRS2 overexpression reversed the action of PDK-1 in NSCLC cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PDK1/Hippo-YAP/IRS2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in NSCLC cell survival and apoptosis.
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Goodwin ML, Pennington Z, Westbroek EM, Cottrill E, Ahmed AK, Sciubba DM. Lactate and cancer: a "lactatic" perspective on spinal tumor metabolism (part 1). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:220. [PMID: 31297385 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.02.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Spine tumors are among the most difficult tumors to treat given their proximity to the spinal cord. Despite advances in adjuvant therapies, surgery remains a critical component of treatment, both in primary tumors and metastatic disease. Given the significant morbidity of these surgeries and with other current adjuvant therapies (e.g., radiation, chemotherapy), interest has grown in other methods of targeting tumors of the spine. Recent efforts have highlighted the tumor microenvironment, and specifically lactate, as central to tumorigenesis. Once erroneously considered a waste product that indicated hypoxia/hypoperfusion, lactate is now known to be at the center of whole-body metabolism, shuttling between tissues and being used as a fuel. Diffusion-driven transporters and the near-equilibrium enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) allow rapid mobilization of large stores of muscle glycogen in the form of lactate. In times of stress, catecholamines can bind muscle cell receptors and trigger the breakdown of glycogen to lactate, which can then diffuse out into circulation and be used as a fuel where needed. Hypoxia, in contrast, is rarely the reason for an elevated arterial [lactate]. Tumors were originally described in the 1920's as being "glucose-avid" and "lactate-producing" even in normoxia (the "Warburg effect"). We now know that a broad range of metabolic behaviors likely exist, including cancer cells that consume lactate as a fuel, others that may produce it, and still others that may change their behavior based on the local microenvironment. In this review we will examine the relationship between lactate and tumor metabolism with a brief look at spine-specific tumors. Lactate is a valuable fuel and potent signaling molecule that has now been implicated in multiple steps in tumorigenesis [e.g., driving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in normoxia]. Future work should utilize translational animal models to target tumors by altering the local tumor microenvironment, of which lactate is a critical part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Erick M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Pennington Z, Goodwin ML, Westbroek EM, Cottrill E, Ahmed AK, Sciubba DM. Lactate and cancer: spinal metastases and potential therapeutic targets (part 2). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:221. [PMID: 31297386 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic spine disease is a heterogeneous clinical condition commonly requiring surgical intervention. Despite this heterogeneity, all cases share the common theme of altered tumor metabolism, characterized by aerobic glycolysis and high lactate production. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism as it pertains to tumor progression, metastasis, and the formation of painful bone lesions. We included articles from the English literature addressing the role of lactate metabolism in the following: (I) primary tumor aggressiveness, (II) local tissue invasion, (III) metastasis formation, and (IV) generation of oncologic pain. We also report current investigations into restoring normal lactate metabolism as a means of impeding tumor growth and the formation of bony metastases. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that high lactate levels may be necessary for tumor cell growth, as small molecules inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH5/LDHA) decrease both the rate of tumor growth and formation of metastases. Additionally, in vitro evidence strongly implicates lactate in tumor cell migration by driving the amoeboid movements of these cells. Acidification of the local bony tissue by excess lactate production activates CGRP+ neurons in the bone marrow and periosteum to generate oncologic bone pain. High lactate may also increase expression of acid sensing receptors in these neurons to generate the neuropathic pain seen in some patients with metastatic disease. Lastly, investigation into lactate-directed therapeutics is still early in development. Initial preclinical trials looking at LDH5/LDHA inhibitors as well as inhibitors of lactate transporters (MCT1) have demonstrated promise, but clinical work has been restricted to a single phase I trial. Lactate appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metastatic spine disease. Efforts are ongoing to identify small molecules inhibitors of targets in the lactogenic pathway capable of preventing the formation of osseous metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erick M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sanmai S, Proungvitaya T, Limpaiboon T, Chua-On D, Seubwai W, Roytrakul S, Wongkham S, Wongkham C, Somintara O, Sangkhamanon S, Proungvitaya S. Serum pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase as a prognostic marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5275-5282. [PMID: 31186744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a Ser/Thr kinase that inactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase and serves a key role in aerobic glycolysis, which is a hallmark of cancer cells. The present study determined the PDK expression in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissues and sera to evaluate their applicability as a biomarker for CCA. Using proteomic analysis, PDK was revealed to be the most overexpressed mitochondrial protein in CCA tissues. Then, the expression of PDK isoforms in CCA tissues was examined in 15 CCA cases by immunohistochemistry. The PDK3 isoform levels in the sera were measured using a dot blot assay for 39 patients with CCA, 20 patients with benign biliary disease and 19 healthy volunteers. The results revealed a 27-fold overexpression of PDK3 in cancerous tissues when compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that the PDK1, 2 and 3, but not the PDK4, isoforms were overexpressed in cancerous tissues. When the PDK3 levels in the sera were examined, they were significantly higher in CCA when compared with the BBD and healthy groups. The specificity and sensitivity of PDK3 as a marker for CCA were 97.5 and 33.0%, respectively, and high PDK3 levels in the sera were correlated with a short survival time for CCA. In conclusion, PDK3 can be used as a diagnostic/prognostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangkana Sanmai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Daraporn Chua-On
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ongart Somintara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Wu DM, Wang YJ, Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Shan Q, Lu J, Chen GQ, Zheng YL. High-throughput screening of novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases inhibitors and biological evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:252-262. [PMID: 30597326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) has been widely noticed in a variety of human solid tumors, which could be regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this paper, we present an enzymatic screening assay and multiple biological evaluations for the identification of potential PDKs, especially PDK1 inhibitors. We identified 9 potential PDKs inhibitors from the screening of an in-house small molecule library, all of the identified inhibitors reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex phosphorylation. Among which, 4, 5, and 9 displayed the most potent PDKs inhibitory activities, with EC50 values of 0.34, 1.4, and 1.6 μM in an enzymatic assay, respectively. A kinase inhibition assay suggested that 4, 5, and 9 were pan-isoform PDK inhibitors, but more sensitive to PDK1. Meanwhile, the three compounds inhibited HSP90, with IC50 values of 0.78, 3.58, and 2.70 μM, respectively. The cell viability assay indicated that 4 inhibited all of the tested cancer cells proliferation, with a GC50 value of 2.3 μM against NCIH1975 cell, but has little effect on human normal lung cell BEAS-2B cell. In the NCIH1975 xenograft models, 4 displayed strong antitumor activities at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, but with no negative effect on the mice weight. In addition, 4 decreased the ECAR and lactate formation, increased OCR and ROS level in NCIH1975 cancer cell, which could be used as a promising modulator to reprogram the glucose metabolic pathways in NCIH1975 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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50
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Guo F, Zhao S, Li X. Discovery of novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases inhibitors by screening of an in-house small molecule library for anti-lung cancer therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:291-296. [PMID: 30470491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are widely over-expressed in various human solid cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we report the identification of structurally novel PDKs inhibitors by screening of an in-house small molecule library. Biochemical assay indicated that the identified compounds 1-4 inhibited PDK1 activity with EC50 values of 0.50, 1.99, 4.64, and 0.42 µM, respectively. The ITC analysis suggested that the identified compounds 1-4 were pan-isoform PDK inhibitors, which bound to and inhibited the four PDK isoforms. Moreover, 1-4 dose-dependently reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase complex phosphorylation in NCI-H1975 cell. Molecular docking suggested that the most potent compound 4 docked well in the ATP binding pocket of the four PDK isoforms, forming direct hydrogen bond interactions with the conserved amino acids Thr and Asp in ATP binding pocket of PDKs. The cell viability assay demonstrated that 4 potently blocked NCI-H1975 cell proliferation (IC50 = 3.32 µM), but had little effect on human normal lung cell MRC-5 even with the tested concentration up to 40 µM. All the data demonstrated that 4 was a promising lead for the development of structurally novel PDKs inhibitor for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyun Guo
- The 7th Department of Medicine, Shaanxi Province Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; The 7th Department of Medicine, Shaanxi Province Fifth People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiao'e Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China.
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