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Ito K, Nishida Y, Hamada S, Shimizu K, Sakai T, Ohkawara B, Alman BA, Enomoto A, Ikuta K, Koike H, Zhang J, Ohno K, Imagama S. Efficacy of auranofin as an inhibitor of desmoid progression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11918. [PMID: 35831372 PMCID: PMC9279441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs and molecular targeted therapies are used for refractory desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF), but occasionally cause severe side effects. The purpose of this study was to identify an effective drug with fewer side effects against DF by drug repositioning, and evaluate its efficacy. FDA-approved drugs that inhibit the proliferation of DF cells harboring S45F mutations of CTNNB1 were screened. An identified drug was subjected to the investigation of apoptotic effects on DF cells with analysis of Caspase 3/7 activity. Expression of β-catenin was evaluated with western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Effects of the identified drug on in vivo DF were analyzed using Apc1638N mice. Auranofin was identified as a drug that effectively inhibits the proliferation of DF cells. Auranofin did not affect Caspase 3/7 activity compared to control. The expression level of β-catenin protein was not changed regardless of auranofin concentration. Auranofin effectively inhibited the development of tumorous tissues by both oral and intraperitoneal administration, particularly in male mice. Auranofin, an anti-rheumatic drug, was identified to have repositioning effects on DF. Since auranofin has been used for many years as an FDA-approved drug, it could be a promising drug with fewer side effects for DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Hamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-0021, Japan
| | - Koki Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya Memorial Hospital, 4-305 Hirabari, Tempaku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8520, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Tan A, Ruan P, Sun P. APEX1/miR-24 axis: a promising therapeutic target in endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:131-141. [PMID: 33502561 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-05963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present work aimed to explore the aberrant expression of APEX1 in endometrial stromal cells (ESC) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The levels of APEX1 and miR-24 in endometriosis tissues were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. After cell transfection, cells were correspondingly classified into pcDNA3.1-NC, sh-NC, mimic NC, inhibitor NC, pcDNA3.1-APEX1, sh-APEX1, miR-24 mimic, miR-24 inhibitor, sh-NC + inhibitor NC, inhibitor-NC + sh-APEX1, sh-NC + miR-24 inhibitor, pcDNA3.1-NC + mimic NC, mimic NC + pcDNA3.1-APEX1 and pcDNA3.1-NC + miR-24 mimic group. Besides, cell proliferation, apoptosis in addition to apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-casase-3 were analyzed by BrdU assay, flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot assays, respectively. Additionally, RIP assay was conducted to determine the interaction between pri-miR-24 and miR-24. RESULTS APEX1 and miR-24 were highly expressed in endometriosis tissues. Overexpression of APEX1 and miR-24 potentiates ESC proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, while those effects could be reversed by APEX1 and miR-24 silencing. Meanwhile, APEX1 and miR-24 could elevate ESC apoptosis-related proteins Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 and decrease Bcl-2 expression. Importantly, APEX1 was positively correlated with miR-24 expression. CONCLUSION APEX1 promotes ESC proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by upregulating miR-24 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Ruan
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, No. 99, Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Pengxing Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
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Lu X, Zhao H, Yuan H, Chu Y, Zhu X. High nuclear expression of APE1 correlates with unfavorable prognosis and promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:219-231. [PMID: 33392892 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
APE1 is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in cancer development. However, the association between APE1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients has not been fully characterized. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of APE1 was performed in several databases, including the TCGA, GeneCard, Human Protein Atlas and Ualcan databases. The relationship between APE1 mRNA expression and several attributes of liver cancer patients in TCGA was investigated. Then, the protein expression of APE1 was detected by IHC analysis in 95 HCC samples and the association between APE1 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients was explored. GSEA-KEGG analysis was performed to predict the potential signaling pathways that associated with APE1 expression. Then the siRNA-mediated knockdown model of APE1 was constructed in HCC cell line to further detect the detailed function of APE1 in HCC development in vitro and in vivo. The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that APE1 expression was primarily located in the cell nucleus. APE1 mRNA expression was substantially correlated with pathological grade and T status in TCGA database. Elevated APE1 expression was observed in HCC samples and was associated with unfavorable survival time in liver cancer patients. IHC data demonstrated that the nuclear expression of APE1 in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous tissues. The expression level of the APE1 protein in HCC was strongly associated with tumor diameter and overall survival. Survival analysis indicated that APE1 nuclear expression is an independent prognostic marker for the overall survival of HCC patients. GSEA-KEGG results confirmed that APE1 associated with the base excision repair signaling pathway. The data of phenotypic experiments indicated that APE1 remarkably promoted tumor growth both in HCC cells and xenografts. The findings firstly imply that nuclear expression of APE1 is a valuable prognostic marker for HCC. APE1 significantly facilitate HCC development and targeting APE1 may be a promising strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hongxin Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yushan Chu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Association between apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 rs1760944 T>G polymorphism and susceptibility of cancer: a meta-analysis involving 21764 subjects. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221420. [PMID: 31804681 PMCID: PMC6923335 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous case-control studies have suggested that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) rs1760944 T>G polymorphism may be associated with cancer risk. Here, we carried out an updated meta-analysis to focus on the correlation between APE1 rs1760944 T>G locus and the risk of cancer. METHODS We used the crude odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the possible relationship between the APE1 rs1760944 T>G polymorphism and cancer risk. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also harnessed to check the potential bias of the present study. RESULTS Twenty-three independent studies involving 10166 cancer cases and 11598 controls were eligible for this pooled analysis. We found that APE1 rs1760944 T>G polymorphism decreased the risk of cancer in four genetic models (G vs. T: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.92; P<0.001; GG vs. TT: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.86; P<0.001; GG/TG vs. TT: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89, P<0.001 and GG vs. TT/TG: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.92, P<0.001). Results of subgroup analyses also demonstrated that this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified the risk among lung cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and Asians. Evidence of publication bias was found in the present study. When we treated the publication bias with 'trim-and-fill' method, the adjusted ORs and CIs were not significantly changed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, current evidence highlights that the APE1 rs1760944 T>G polymorphism is a protective factor for cancer susceptibility. In the future, case-control studies with detailed risk factors are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
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Deng X, Zhen P, Niu X, Dai Y, Wang Y, Zhou M. APE1 promotes proliferation and migration of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:67-74. [PMID: 32951990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1/REF-1/HAP1) is a multifunction protein involved in the progression of cancer. But the role of APE1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to investigate the basic modulatory mechanism of APE1 in cSCC development and offer a novel potential target for clinical treatment. METHODS The expression of APE1 in cSCC tissues was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The function of APE1 and miR-27a in cSCC cells was investigated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays and transwell migration assays. Western blot was used to determine the expression of APE1 in cSCC and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in HSC-1 and HSC-5 cells with APE1 knockdown or overexpression. Double luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the interaction of miR-27a and APE1. RESULTS We identified that APE1 was significantly upregulated in human cSCC tissues and cSCC cells and its overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration and the expression of EMT markers in cSCC cells. Mechanistically, miR-27a was predicted and confirmed as the upstream of APE1. Its downregulation also enhanced the proliferation and migration of cSCC cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated that restoration of APE1 expression significantly abolished the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration mediated by miR-27a. CONCLUSION As a direct gene of miR-27a, APE1 improved cell proliferation and migration to promote the progression of cSCC, which could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for cSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Deng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peilin Zhen
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinli Niu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
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AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) influences brain development linking oxidative stress and DNA repair. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 31024003 PMCID: PMC6484078 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain and neurons are particularly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage from ROS results in increased 8-oxoguanine in DNA followed by repair through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We reported earlier that AP endonuclease 1 (Apex1) not only participates directly in BER but also regulates transcription factor Creb1. Here, we investigated how Apex1 affects brain to respond effectively to oxidative damage during zebrafish development. Loss of Apex1 resulted in increased ROS, 8-oxoguanine, and abasic sites as well as loss of Ogg1, which recognizes 8-oxoguanine and is required for its repair. Moreover, knock-down of Apex1 not only resulted in reduction of expression of several major proteins in the BER pathway (Polb and Ogg1), and it also resulted in maldistribution and loss of four key brain transcription factors (fezf2, otx2, egr2a, and pax2a), leading to abnormal brain development. These results were independent of p53 protein level. In contrast, exposure to exogenous H2O2 resulted in increased transcription and protein of Apex1 along with other BER components, as well as Creb1. Taken together, these results indicate that oxidative stress increased when the level of Apex1 was reduced, revealing a novel pathway of how Apex1 manages oxidative stress in developing brain.
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Frossi B, Antoniali G, Yu K, Akhtar N, Kaplan MH, Kelley MR, Tell G, Pucillo CEM. Endonuclease and redox activities of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 have distinctive and essential functions in IgA class switch recombination. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5198-5207. [PMID: 30705092 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an important DNA repair pathway and is essential for immune responses. In fact, it regulates both the antigen-stimulated somatic hypermutation (SHM) process and plays a central function in the process of class switch recombination (CSR). For both processes, a central role for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been demonstrated. APE1 acts also as a master regulator of gene expression through its redox activity. APE1's redox activity stimulates the DNA-binding activity of several transcription factors, including NF-κB and a few others involved in inflammation and in immune responses. Therefore, it is possible that APE1 has a role in regulating the CSR through its function as a redox coactivator. The present study was undertaken to address this question. Using the CSR-competent mouse B-cell line CH12F3 and a combination of specific inhibitors of APE1's redox (APX3330) and repair (compound 3) activities, APE1-deficient or -reconstituted cell lines expressing redox-deficient or endonuclease-deficient proteins, and APX3330-treated mice, we determined the contributions of both endonuclease and redox functions of APE1 in CSR. We found that APE1's endonuclease activity is essential for IgA-class switch recombination. We provide evidence that the redox function of APE1 appears to play a role in regulating CSR through the interleukin-6 signaling pathway and in proper IgA expression. Our results shed light on APE1's redox function in the control of cancer growth through modulation of the IgA CSR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frossi
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Kefei Yu
- the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, and
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Mark R Kelley
- the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Gianluca Tell
- the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy,
| | - Carlo E M Pucillo
- From the Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy,
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Wang G, Zhang D, Yang S, Wang Y, Tang Z, Fu X. Co-administration of genistein with doxorubicin-loaded polypeptide nanoparticles weakens the metastasis of malignant prostate cancer by amplifying oxidative damage. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:827-835. [PMID: 29480308 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a typical malignant disease with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) is one of the most effective agents in the treatment of prostate cancer, but severe side effects and metastasis after its treatment impose restrictions on its application. Herein, a combination of genistein (GEN) and doxorubicin-loaded polypeptide nanoparticles (DOX-NPs) is constructed for the treatment of prostate cancer. The DOX-NPs can reduce the side effects caused by free DOX·HCl and produce a relatively low level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damage, while GEN, an inhibitor of the oxidative DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 (APE1), can further amplify the ROS-induced oxidative damage by downregulating the intracellular expression of APE1 and reducing oxidative DNA repair in the prostate cancer cells. Because high levels of ROS-induced oxidative damage can prevent the distant metastasis of tumor cells, the distant metastasis of malignant prostate cancer cells is significantly inhibited by the combination of genistein and DOX-NPs with amplified oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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Zakharenko AL, Lebedeva NA, Lavrik OI. DNA Repair Enzymes as Promising Targets in Oncotherapy. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang S, Liu J, Xu K, Li Z. Notch signaling via regulation of RB and p-AKT but not PIK3CG contributes to MIA PaCa-2 cell growth and migration to affect pancreatic carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2105-2110. [PMID: 29434912 PMCID: PMC5777124 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. The understanding of the expression pattern of key protein factors and their function in pancreatic cancer cells is therefore vital for the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy. The results of the present study reveal that the levels of neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (Notch2) and phosphorylated (p)-SMAD family member 2 decreased, whereas the expression of Notch3 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit-γ protein increased in human pancreatic cancer tissues compared with tumor-adjacent tissues. Using the human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cell line, it was observed that retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB) and p-RB expression were inhibited and p-AKT was upregulated when Notch signaling was activated in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase catalytic subunit-γ (PIK3CG) activity by AS-605240 was able to block the growth and migration of MIA PaCa-2 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the Notch signal pathway may be involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis by modulating RB and p-AKT. PIK3CG may therefore be a potential target gene for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jingjiang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Keli Xu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Abstract
Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
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Guerreiro PS, Corvacho E, Costa JG, Saraiva N, Fernandes AS, Castro M, Miranda JP, Oliveira NG. The APE1 redox inhibitor E3330 reduces collective cell migration of human breast cancer cells and decreases chemoinvasion and colony formation when combined with docetaxel. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:561-571. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S. Guerreiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Eduardo Corvacho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - João G. Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
- CBIOS; Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS; Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana S. Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
- CBIOS; Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Matilde Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Joana P. Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
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Laev SS, Salakhutdinov NF, Lavrik OI. Inhibitors of nuclease and redox activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2531-2544. [PMID: 28161249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein which is essential in the base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions caused by oxidation and alkylation. This protein hydrolyzes DNA adjacent to the 5'-end of an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site to produce a nick with a 3'-hydroxyl group and a 5'-deoxyribose phosphate moiety or activates the DNA-binding activity of certain transcription factors through its redox function. Studies have indicated a role for APE1/Ref-1 in the pathogenesis of cancer and in resistance to DNA-interactive drugs. Thus, this protein has potential as a target in cancer treatment. As a result, major efforts have been directed to identify small molecule inhibitors against APE1/Ref-1 activities. These agents have the potential to become anticancer drugs. The aim of this review is to present recent progress in studies of all published small molecule APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors. The structures and activities of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors, that target both DNA repair and redox activities, are presented and discussed. To date, there is an urgent need for further development of the design and synthesis of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors due to high importance of this protein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Laev
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. akademika Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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14
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Wang DD, Chen X, Yu DD, Yang SJ, Shen HY, Sha HH, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. miR-197: A novel biomarker for cancers. Gene 2016; 591:313-9. [PMID: 27320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that could regulate post-transcription level through binding to 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which were reported to be related with the incidence and development of diverse neoplasms. Among them, miR-197 was confirmed to play a vital role of oncogene or anti-oncogene in different cancers via targeting key tumorigenic or tumor-suppressive genes. Additionally, miR-197 had extensively been studied in carcinogenesis progression of cancers through various mechanisms, including apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and tumor suppressor, and also played a role in prognosis of cancers. In this review, we summarized the roles of miR-197 in cancers and considered it as a potentially novel biomarker for different cancers, offering an alternatively secure and effective tool in molecular targeting cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China.
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15
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Li T, Zhong J, Dong X, Xiu P, Wang F, Wei H, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu F, Sun X, Li J. Meloxicam suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by targeting COX-2/PGE2-regulated activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3614-22. [PMID: 27109804 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the two leading causes of poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is overexpressed in many types of cancers including HCC and promotes its metastasis. Meloxicam is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that has been reported to exert an anti-proliferation and invasion/migration response in various tumors. In this study, we examined the role of meloxicam on HCC cell proliferation and migration and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. We found that meloxicam inhibited HCC cell proliferation and had a cell cycle arrest effect in human HCC cells. Furthermore, meloxicam suppressed the ability of HCC cells expressing higher levels of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to migration via potentiating expression of E-cadherin and alleviating expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. COX-2/PGE2 has been considered to activate the β-catenin signaling pathway which promotes cancer cell migration. We found that treatment with PGE2 significantly enhanced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and the activation of GSK3β which could be reversed by meloxicam in HCC cells. We also observed that HCC cell migration and upregulation of the level of MMP-2/9 and downregulation of E-cadherin induced by PGE2 were suppressed by FH535, an inhibitor of β-catenin. Taken together, these findings provide a new treatment strategy against HCC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jingtao Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fuhai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Honglong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zongzhen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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16
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Jiang J, Tian S, Yu C, Chen M, Sun C. TRIM37 promoted the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:2629-34. [PMID: 26395261 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that tripartite motif containing 37 (TRIM37) was involved in the tumorigenesis of several cancer types. However, its expression pattern and biological functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remained unknown. In this study, real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of TRIM37 in the pancreatic cancerous tissues. Colony formation assay and cell migration assay were performed to study the functions of TRIM37 in pancreatic cancer cells. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to study the regulation of TRIM37 on beta-catenin/TCF signaling. It was found that the expression level of TRIM37 was significantly higher in pancreatic cancerous tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Function analysis indicated that overexpression of TRIM37 promoted the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells, while knocking down the expression of TRIM37 inhibited the growth and migration of the pancreatic cancer cells. The molecular mechanism study suggested that TRIM37 interacted with beta-catenin and activated the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin/TCF complex as well as the expression of its downstream target genes. Taken together, our study showed the oncogenic roles of TRIM37 in pancreatic cancer, and TRIM37 might be a promising target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - She Tian
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Meiyuan Chen
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Biliary-Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, 28th Guiyi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China.
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17
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FOXC2 is up-regulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and promotes the growth and migration of cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8579-85. [PMID: 26733175 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) was recently demonstrated to be up-regulated in various cancer types. However, its expression profile and the biological functions in pancreatic cancer remain unknown. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of FOXC2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and investigated the functions of FOXC2 in the progression of PDAC. It was found that the expression of FOXC2 was up-regulated in PDAC samples. Forced expression of FOXC2 promoted the growth and migration of the PDAC cells, while knocking down the expression of FOXC2 inhibited the growth and migration of the PDAC cells. Moreover, FOXC2 was found to interact with beta-catenin and promote cell growth by activating beta-catenin/TCF signaling. Taken together, this study demonstrated the oncogenic roles of FOXC2 in PDAC, and FOXC2 might be a therapeutic target for PDAC.
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18
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Inhibition of Ape1 Redox Activity Promotes Odonto/osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Papilla Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17483. [PMID: 26639148 PMCID: PMC4671010 DOI: 10.1038/srep17483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis is the formation of dentin, a substance that forms the majority of teeth, and this process is performed by odontoblasts. Dental papilla cells (DPCs), as the progenitor cells of odontoblasts, undergo the odontogenic differentiation regulated by multiple cytokines and paracrine signal molecules. Ape1 is a perfect paradigm of the function complexity of a biological macromolecule with two major functional regions for DNA repair and redox regulation, respectively. To date, it remains unclear whether Ape1 can regulate the dentinogenesis in DPCs. In the present study, we firstly examed the spatio-temporal expression of Ape1 during tooth germ developmental process, and found the Ape1 expression was initially high and then gradually reduced along with the tooth development. Secondly, the osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of DPCs was up-regulated when treated with either Ape1-shRNA or E3330 (a specific inhibitor of the Ape1 redox function), respectively. Moreover, we found that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway was activated in this process, and E3330 reinforced-osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity was suppressed by Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a potent antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Taken together, we for the first time showed that inhibition of Ape1 redox regulation could promote the osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of DPCs via canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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