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Dai Y, Shi S, Liu H, Zhou H, Ding W, Liu C, Jin L, Xie W, Kong H, Zhang Q. Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO represses lung adenocarcinoma progression by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and restraining tumor metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38182570 PMCID: PMC10770368 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that protein activities regulated by receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are crucial for a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and immunological response. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), an RPTP, has been revealed as a putative suppressor in the development of particular tumors. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of PTPRO in regulating of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not well understood. In this view, the present work investigated the role of PTPRO in LUAD. Analysis of 90 pairs of clinical LUAD specimens revealed significantly lower PTPRO levels in LUAD compared with adjacent non-tumor tissue, as well as a negative correlation of PTPRO expression with tumor size and TNM stage. Survival analyses demonstrated that PTPRO level can help stratify the prognosis of LUAD patients. Furthermore, PTPRO overexpression was found to suppress the progression of LUAD both in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell death via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, downregulating protein expression of molecules (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3/9, cleaved-PARP and Bid) essential in cell survival. Additionally, PTPRO decreased LUAD migration and invasion by regulating proteins involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail). Moreover, PTPRO was shown to restrain JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Expression of PTPRO was negatively correlated with p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, and Snail levels in LUAD tumor samples. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of PTPRO in LUAD was significant but compromised in STAT3-deficient cells. These data support the remarkable suppressive role of PTPRO in LUAD, which may represent a viable therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqiu Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yang MH, Sethi G, Ravish A, Mohan AK, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa S, Basappa B, Ahn KS. Discovery of imidazopyridine-pyrazoline-hybrid structure as SHP-1 agonist that suppresses phospho-STAT3 signaling in human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110780. [PMID: 37879592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promotes breast cancer malignancy and controls key processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival in breast cancer cells. Although many methods for treating breast cancer have been improved, there is still a need to discover and develop new methods for breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we synthesized a new compound 2-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-(3-(2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone (DIP). We aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of DIP in breast cancer cells and clarify its mode of action. We noted that DIP abrogated STAT3 activation and STAT3 upstream kinases janus-activated kinase (JAK) and Src kinases. In addition, DIP promoted the levels of SHP-1 protein and acts as SHP-1 agonist. Further, silencing of SHP-1 gene reversed the DIP-induced attenuation of STAT3 activation and apoptosis. DIP also induced apoptosis through modulating PARP cleavage and oncogenic proteins. Moreover, DIP also significantly enhanced the apoptotic effects of docetaxel through the suppression of STAT3 activation in breast cancer cells. Overall, our data indicated that DIP may act as a suppressor of STAT3 cascade, and it could be a new therapeutic strategy in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Akshay Ravish
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Mohan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, 500078, India.
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Vishwanath D, Xi Z, Ravish A, Mohan A, Basappa S, Krishnamurthy NP, Gaonkar SL, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Electrochemical Synthesis of New Isoxazoles and Triazoles Tethered with Thiouracil Base as Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5254. [PMID: 37446915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are an attractive drug target for the treatment of human breast cancer (BC), and therefore, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are being used in preclinical and clinical studies. The need to understand the scope of the mode of action of HDACis, as well as the report of the co-crystal structure of HDAC6/SS-208 at the catalytic site, provoked us to develop an isoxazole-based lead structure called 4-(2-(((1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)thio) pyrimidin-4-yl) morpholine (5h) and 1-(2-(((3-(p-tolyl) isoxazol-5-yl)methyl)thio) pyrimidin-4-yl) piperidin-4-one (6l) that targets HDACs in human BC cells. We found that the compound 5h or 6l could inhibit the proliferation of BC cells with an IC50 value of 8.754 and 11.71 µM, respectively. Our detailed in silico analysis showed that 5h or 6l compounds could target HDAC in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, we identified a new structure bearing triazole, isoxazole, and thiouracil moiety, which could target HDAC in MCF-7 cells and serve as a base to make new drugs against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Zhang Xi
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Akshay Ravish
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Arunkumar Mohan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawaharnagar 500078, Medchal, Telangana, India
| | | | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
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Vasconcelos-Ulloa JDJ, García-González V, Valdez-Salas B, Vázquez-Jiménez JG, Rivero-Espejel I, Díaz-Molina R, Galindo-Hernández O. A Triazaspirane Derivative Inhibits Migration and Invasion in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114524. [PMID: 37299000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious health problem due to the complexity of establishing an effective treatment. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the activity of a triazaspirane as a migration and invasion inhibitor in PC3 prostatic tumor cells through a possible negative regulation of the FAK/Src signal transduction pathway and decreased secretion of metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Molecular docking analysis was performed using Moe 2008.10 software. Migration (wound-healing assay) and invasion (Boyden chamber assay) assays were performed. In addition, the Western blot technique was used to quantify protein expression, and the zymography technique was used to observe the secretion of metalloproteinases. Molecular docking showed interactions in regions of interest of the FAK and Src proteins. Moreover, the biological activity assays demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion, an important suppression of metalloproteinase secretion, and a decrease in the expression of p-FAK and p-Src proteins in treated PC3 cells. Triazaspirane-type molecules have important inhibitory effects on the mechanisms associated with metastasis in PC3 tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier de Jesús Vasconcelos-Ulloa
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Victor García-González
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valdez-Salas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Rivero-Espejel
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raúl Díaz-Molina
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
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5
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Kim NY, Vishwanath D, Xi Z, Nagaraja O, Swamynayaka A, Kumar Harish K, Basappa S, Madegowda M, Pandey V, Sethi G, Lobie PE, Ahn KS, Basappa B. Discovery of Pyrimidine- and Coumarin-Linked Hybrid Molecules as Inducers of JNK Phosphorylation through ROS Generation in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083450. [PMID: 37110684 PMCID: PMC10142175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer exhibits early relapses, poor prognoses, and high recurrence rates. Herein, a JNK-targeting compound has been developed that may be of utility in HER2-positive mammary carcinoma. The design of a pyrimidine-and coumarin-linked structure targeting JNK was explored and the lead structure PC-12 [4-(3-((2-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio) pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propoxy)-6-fluoro-2H-chromen-2-one (5d)] was observed to selectively inhibit the proliferation of HER2-positive BC cells. The compound PC-12 exerted DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HER-2 positive BC cells more significantly compared to HER-2 negative BC cells. PC-12 induced PARP cleavage and down-regulated the expression of IAP-1, BCL-2, SURVIVIN, and CYCLIN D1 in BC cells. In silico and theoretical calculations showed that PC-12 could interact with JNK, and in vitro studies demonstrated that it enhanced JNK phosphorylation through ROS generation. Overall, these findings will assist the discovery of new compounds targeting JNK for use in HER2-positive BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Zhang Xi
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Omantheswara Nagaraja
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Ananda Swamynayaka
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Keshav Kumar Harish
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, India
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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6
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Inhibition of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation synergizes with PARP inhibition to ablate PTEN-deficient endometrial carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:558. [PMID: 35725817 PMCID: PMC9209517 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) impairs DNA double-strand repair and confers sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). However, PARPis also hyperactivate the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in PTEN-deficient endometrial carcinoma (EC), which allows the emergence of PARPi resistance. BCL-2-associated death promoter (BAD), integrates the common cell survival effects of the RAS/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Herein, it was observed that increased BADSer99 (BADS99) phosphorylation in EC cells was significantly associated with PTEN-deficient status. Forced expression of phosphorylation deficient human BADS99A in PTEN-deficient EC cells significantly increased CASPASE 3/7 activity and decreased EC cell viability. Using NPB as a pharmacological inhibitor of pBADS99 phosphorylation, it was demonstrated that NPB synergized with PARPis (Olaparib, Rucaparib and Talazoparib) to enhance PARPi IC50 up to 60-fold and decreased survival, foci formation, and growth in 3D ex vivo culture of PTEN-deficient EC cells. Combined NPB-PARPi treatment of PTEN-deficient EC cells stimulated apoptosis and promoted DNA damage by impairment of homologous recombination. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 endonuclease system it was demonstrated that deletion of PTEN in PTEN replete EC cells enhanced the efficacy of combined NPB-PARPi treatment. Furthermore, combined inhibition of BADS99 phosphorylation and PARP ablated xenograft growth of PTEN-deficient EC cells. Similarly, a combination of NPB and PARPis significantly suppressed the growth of PTEN deficient patient-derived EC organoids. Hence, combined inhibition of BADS99 phosphorylation and PARP represents a rational and efficacious strategy to improve the prognosis of recurrent EC patients.
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Sin ZW, Mohan CD, Chinnathambi A, Govindasamy C, Rangappa S, Rangappa KS, Jung YY, Ahn KS. Leelamine Exerts Antineoplastic Effects in Association with Modulating Mitogen‑Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3375-3387. [PMID: 35579498 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2059092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a prominent signaling cascade that modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, drug resistance, immune response, and cell motility. Activation of MAPK by various small molecules/natural compounds has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Herein, the effect of leelamine (LEE, a triterpene derived from bark of pine trees) on the activation of MAPK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer (BC) cells was investigated. LEE induced potent cytotoxicity of HCC (HepG2 and HCCLM3) and BC (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cells over normal counterparts (MCF10A). LEE significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK MAPKs in a dose-dependent fashion and it did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK in HCC and BC cells. The apoptosis-driving effect of LEE was further demonstrated by cleavage of procaspase-3/Bid and suppression of prosurvival proteins (Bcl-xL and XIAP). Furthermore, LEE also reduced the SDF1-induced-migration and -invasion of HCC and BC cells. Taken together, the data demonstrated that LEE promotes apoptosis and induces an anti-motility effect by activating p38 and JNK MAPKs in HCC and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wayne Sin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, India
| | | | - Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Deveshegowda SN, Metri PK, Shivakumar R, Yang JR, Rangappa S, Swamynayaka A, Shanmugam MK, Nagaraja O, Madegowda M, Babu Shubha P, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Pandey V, Ahn KS, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Development of 1-(4-(Substituted)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((2-((4-methoxybenzyl)thio)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)ethanones That Target Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Human Breast Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092848. [PMID: 35566199 PMCID: PMC9100275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of uracil amides cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and therefore novel thiouracil amide compounds were synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability in a human-estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cell line. The synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to significant efficacy against human breast cancer cells, where the compound 5e IC50 value was found to be 18 μM. Thouracil amide compounds 5a and 5e inhibited the catalytical activity of PARP1, enhanced cleavage of PARP1, enhanced phosphorylation of H2AX, and increased CASPASE 3/7 activity. Finally, in silico analysis demonstrated that compound 5e interacted with PARP1. Hence, specific thiouracil amides may serve as new drug-seeds for the development of PARP inhibitors for use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresha N. Deveshegowda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Prashant K. Metri
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rashmi Shivakumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ji-Rui Yang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya 571448, India;
| | - Ananda Swamynayaka
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Omantheswara Nagaraja
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (A.S.); (O.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Priya Babu Shubha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India;
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.N.D.); (P.K.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
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9
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3-Formylchromone Counteracts STAT3 Signaling Pathway by Elevating SHP-2 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010029. [PMID: 35053027 PMCID: PMC8773260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary STAT3 acts as a potential tumor-promoting transcription factor that gets aberrantly activated in several types of human cancers and plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis. STAT3 expression has been correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor survival. In this study, we have demonstrated that 3-formylchromone inhibits the STAT3 signaling in HCC cells by modulating SHP-2 expression. It also effectively diminished the tumor growth and subsequent reduction in metastasis in the HCC mouse model without exhibiting any major side effects. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers that contribute to a large number of deaths throughout the globe. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a tumorigenic protein that is overactivated in several human malignancies including HCC. In the present report, the effect of 3-formylchromone (3FC) on the STAT3 signaling pathway in the HCC model was investigated. 3FC downregulated the constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 and non-receptor tyrosine kinases such as JAK1 and JAK2. It also suppressed the transportation of STAT3 to the nucleus and reduced its DNA-binding ability. Pervanadate treatment overrode the 3FC-triggered STAT3 inhibition, and the profiling of cellular phosphatase expression revealed an increase in SHP-2 levels upon 3FC treatment. The siRNA-driven deletion of SHP-2 led to reinstate STAT3 activation. 3FC downmodulated the levels of various oncogenic proteins and decreased CXCL12-driven cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, 3FC did not exhibit any substantial toxicity, whereas it significantly regressed tumor growth in an orthotopic HCC mouse model and abrogated lung metastasis. Overall, 3FC can function as a potent agent that can display antitumor activity by targeting STAT3 signaling in HCC models.
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Ramchandani S, Mohan CD, Mistry JR, Su Q, Naz I, Rangappa KS, Ahn KS. The multifaceted antineoplastic role of pyrimethamine against different human malignancies. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:198-212. [PMID: 34921584 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapeutic agents that are in clinical practice possess a broad range of severe adverse effects towards vital organs which emphasizes the importance of the discovery of new therapeutic agents or repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis with a well-documented excellent safety profile. In the last five years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the anticancer potential of pyrimethamine in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and to repurpose it as an anticancer agent. The studies have demonstrated that pyrimethamine inhibits oncogenic proteins such as STAT3, NF-κB, DX2, MAPK, DHFR, thymidine phosphorylase, telomerase, and many more in a different types of cancer models. Moreover, pyrimethamine has been reported to work in synergy with other anticancer agents, such as temozolomide, to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Recently, the results of phase-1/2 clinical trials demonstrated that pyrimethamine administration reduces the expression of STAT3 signature genes in tumor tissues of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with a good therapeutic response. In the present article, we have reviewed most of the published papers related to the antitumor effects of pyrimethamine in malignancies of breast, liver, lung, skin, ovary, prostate, pituitary, and leukemia in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also discussed the pharmacokinetic profile and results of clinical trials obtained after pyrimethamine treatment. From these studies, we believe that pyrimethamine has the potential to be repurposed as an anticancer drug. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Ramchandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jenaifer Rustom Mistry
- Jenaifer Rustom Mistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Su
- Qi Su, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Irum Naz
- Irum Naz, Qaid-i-Azam, University of Islamabad & Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Arora L, Mohan CD, Yang MH, Rangappa S, Deivasigamani A, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB, Garg M, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Alahmadi TA, Rangappa KS, Hui KM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) Abrogates Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Multiple Myeloma Preclinical Models by Regulating the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215479. [PMID: 34771643 PMCID: PMC8582575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary STAT3 is a major oncogenic transcription factor that is constitutively activated in many types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Many STAT3 inhibitors have gained momentum in clinical trials towards the treatment of various cancers. In the present study, we have investigated the STAT3 inhibitory efficacy of Tris DBA, a palladium-based compound, in HCC and MM cancer cells and preclinical cancer models. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) abrogated the STAT3 signaling pathway in both models by elevating the expression of SHP2. Functionally, Tris DBA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and regressed tumor metastasis. Although many studies propose Tris DBA as a modulator of MAPK, Akt, phospho-S6 kinase, and N-myristoyltransferase-1, we have comprehensively demonstrated for the first time that Tris DBA is an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical cancer models. These results support the consideration of Tris DBA in clinical trials in translational relevance. Abstract STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that controls the expression of genes associated with oncogenesis and malignant progression. Persistent activation of STAT3 is observed in human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we have investigated the action of Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium 0 (Tris DBA) on STAT3 signaling in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and inhibited IL-6 induced/constitutive activation of STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, and Src in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA downmodulated the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and reduced its DNA binding ability. It upregulated the expression of SHP2 (protein and mRNA) to induce STAT3 dephosphorylation, and the inhibition of SHP2 reversed this effect. Tris DBA downregulated the expression of STAT3-driven genes, suppressed cell migration/invasion. Tris DBA significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft MM and orthotopic HCC preclinical mice models with a reduction in the expression of various prosurvival biomarkers in MM tumor tissues without displaying significant toxicity. Overall, Tris DBA functions as a good inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical HCC and MM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukik Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
| | | | - Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk 571448, India;
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- National Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, and Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India;
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Kam Man Hui
- National Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (L.A.); (A.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.M.H.); (G.S.); (K.S.A.)
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12
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Pyrimidine-2,4-dione targets STAT3 signaling pathway to induce cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128332. [PMID: 34418571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a tumorigenic transcription factor that is persistently activated in various human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, STAT3 is considered as a prominent target to counteract the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. In the present report, pyrimidine-2,4-diones (N-methyluracil derivatives) (MNK1-MNK14) were synthesized in an ionic liquid (BMIm PF6) medium employing a ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling process. Among the 14 derivatives, compound MNK8 showed good cytotoxicity towards both the tested cell lines and did not display a toxic effect against normal hepatocytes (LO2). MNK8 significantly increased the Sub-G1 cell count in both cell lines and the cytotoxic effect of MNK8 was found to be mediated through the suppression of constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3Y705. It also decreased the DNA interaction ability of nuclear STAT3 in HCC cells. MNK8 downregulated the levels of apoptosis-related proteins (such as Bcl-2, cyclin D1, survivin) and increased cleaved caspase-3 inferring the apoptogenic effect of MNK8. It also reduced the CXCL12-triggered cell migration and invasion in in vitro assay systems. Overall, MNK8 has been demonstrated as a new inhibitor of STAT3 signaling cascade in HCC cells.
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Mohan CD, Kim C, Siveen KS, Manu KA, Rangappa S, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Rangappa KS, Kumar AP, Ahn KS. Crocetin imparts antiproliferative activity via inhibiting STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1348-1362. [PMID: 34514729 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 is a key oncogenic transcription factor, often overactivated in several human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). STAT3 modulates the expression of genes that are connected with cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of crocetin on the growth of HCC cells and dissected its underlying molecular mechanism in imparting a cytotoxic effect. Crocetin suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and counteracted the invasive capacity of HCC cells. Besides, crocetin downregulated the constitutive/inducible STAT3 activation (STAT3Y705 ), nuclear accumulation of STAT3 along with suppression of its DNA binding activity in HCC cells with no effect on STAT5 activation. Crocetin suppressed the activity of upstream kinases such as Src, JAK1, and JAK2. Sodium pervanadate treatment terminated the crocetin-propelled STAT3 inhibition suggesting the involvement of tyrosine phosphatases. Crocetin increased the expression of SHP-1 and siRNA-mediated SHP-1 silencing resulted in the negation of crocetin-driven STAT3 inhibition. Further investigation revealed that crocetin treatment inhibited the expression of STAT3 regulated genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, survivin, VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9). Taken together, this report presents crocetin as a novel abrogator of the STAT3 pathway in HCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Karnataka, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhuang QS, Sun XB, Chong QY, Banerjee A, Zhang M, Wu ZS, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. ARTEMIN Promotes Oncogenicity and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Carcinoma by p44/42 MAPK Dependent Expression of CDH2. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712348. [PMID: 34422665 PMCID: PMC8377398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARTEMIN (ARTN), one of the glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands, has been reported to be associated with a number of human malignancies. In this study, the enhanced expression of ARTN in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was observed; the expression of ARTN positively correlated with lymph node metastases and advanced tumor stages and predicted poor prognosis. Forced expression of ARTN in CRC cells enhanced oncogenic behavior, mesenchymal phenotype, stem cell-like properties and tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft model. These functions were conversely inhibited by depletion of endogenous ARTN. Forced expression of ARTN reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU treatment; and 5-FU resistant CRC cells harbored enhanced expression of ARTN. The oncogenic functions of ARTN were demonstrated to be mediated by p44/42 MAP kinase dependent expression of CDH2 (CADHERIN 2, also known as N-CADHERIN). Inhibition of p44/42 MAP kinase activity or siRNA mediated depletion of endogenous CDH2 reduced the enhanced oncogenicity and chemoresistance consequent to forced expression of ARTN induced cell functions; and forced expression of CDH2 rescued the reduced mesenchymal properties and resistance to 5-FU after ARTN depletion. In conclusion, ARTN may be of prognostic and theranostic utility in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Zhuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Bao Sun
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Coker-Gurkan A, Can E, Sahin S, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED. Atiprimod triggered apoptotic cell death via acting on PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and STAT3/NF-ΚB axis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5233-5247. [PMID: 34244887 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The constitutive activation of STAT3 through receptor tyrosine kinases triggered breast cancer cell growth and invasion-metastasis. Atiprimod impacts anti-proliferative, anti-carcinogenic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma via hindering the biological activity of STAT3. Dose-dependent atiprimod evokes first autophagy as a survival mechanism and then apoptosis due to prolonged ER stress in pituitary adenoma cells. The therapeutic efficiency and mechanistic action of atiprimod in breast cancer cells have not been investigated yet. Thus, we aimed to modulate the pivotal role of ER stress in atiprimod-triggered apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. RESULTS Dose- and time-dependent atiprimod treatment inhibits cell viability and colony formation in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A moderate dose of atiprimod (2 μM) inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 residue and also suppressed the total expression level of p65. In addition, nuclear localization of STAT1, 3, and NF-κB was prevented by atiprimod exposure in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Atiprimod evokes PERK, BiP, ATF-4, CHOP upregulation, and PERK (Thr980), eIF2α (Ser51) phosphorylation's. However, atiprimod suppressed IRE1α-mediated Atg-3, 5, 7, 12 protein expressions and no alteration was observed on Beclin-1, p62 expression levels. PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis pivotal role in atiprimod-mediated G1/S arrest and apoptosis via Bak, Bax, Bim, and PUMA upregulation in MDA-MB-468 cells. Moreover, atiprimod renders MDA-MB-231 more vulnerable to type I programmed cell death by plasmid-mediated increased STAT3 expression. CONCLUSION Atiprimod induced prolonged ER stress-mediated apoptosis via both activating PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and suppressing STAT3/NF-κB transcription factors nuclear migration in TBNC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Topkapı Campus, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esin Can
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semanur Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biruni University, Topkapı Campus, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif-Damla Arisan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
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Sun X, Luo Z, Gong L, Tan X, Chen J, Liang X, Cai M. Identification of significant genes and therapeutic agents for breast cancer by integrated genomics. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2140-2154. [PMID: 34151730 PMCID: PMC8806825 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1931642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women; thus, more cancer prevention research is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to predict potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer and determine their molecular mechanisms using integrated bioinformatics. Summary data from a large genome-wide association study of breast cancer was derived from the UK Biobank. The gene expression profile of breast cancer was from the Oncomine database. We performed a network-wide association study and gene set enrichment analysis to identify the significant genes in breast cancer. Then, we performed Gene Ontology analysis using the STRING database and conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis using Cytoscape software. We verified our results using the Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis, PROgeneV2, and Human Protein Atlas databases. Connectivity map analysis was used to identify small-molecule compounds that are potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer. We identified 10 significant genes in breast cancer based on the gene expression profile and genome-wide association study. A total of 65 small-molecule compounds were found to be potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Liuyun Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Tan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi P.R. China
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Paradoxical functions of long noncoding RNAs in modulating STAT3 signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188574. [PMID: 34062154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the lethal and leading types of cancer threatening the globe with a high mortality rate. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that is aberrantly activated in several human malignancies including HCC. Many STAT3-driven genes control cell proliferation and survival, apoptotic resistance, cell cycle progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. STAT3 signaling is regulated by endogenous modulators such as protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS), and various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Interestingly, lncRNAs have been reported to exhibit oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions, and these effects are mediated through diverse molecular mechanisms including sponging of microRNAs (miRs), transcription activation/inhibition, and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we have discussed the possible role of STAT3 signaling in hepatocarcinogenesis and various mechanisms by which lncRNAs impart their oncogenic or tumor suppressive action by modulating the STAT3 pathway in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Computational Investigation Identified Potential Chemical Scaffolds for Heparanase as Anticancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105311. [PMID: 34156395 PMCID: PMC8157885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpse) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains. Its upregulated expression is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, thus making it an attractive target in cancer therapeutics. Currently, a few small molecule inhibitors have been reported to inhibit Hpse, with promising oral administration and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In the present study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from a dataset of well-known active small molecule Hpse inhibitors which were observed to display favorable PK properties. The compounds from the InterBioScreen database of natural (69,034) and synthetic (195,469) molecules were first filtered for their drug-likeness and the pharmacophore model was used to screen the drug-like database. The compounds acquired from screening were subjected to molecular docking with Heparanase, where two molecules used in pharmacophore generation were used as reference. From the docking analysis, 33 compounds displayed higher docking scores than the reference and favorable interactions with the catalytic residues. Complex interactions were further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations to assess their stability over a period of 50 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energies of the 33 compounds revealed 2 natural and 2 synthetic compounds, with better binding affinities than reference molecules, and were, therefore, deemed as hits. The hit compounds presented from this in silico investigation could act as potent Heparanase inhibitors and further serve as lead scaffolds to develop compounds targeting Heparanase upregulation in cancer.
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Brucein D modulates MAPK signaling cascade to exert multi-faceted anti-neoplastic actions against breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2021; 182:140-151. [PMID: 33484785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent type of malignancy among women with a high rate of mortality. A number of previous studies have demonstrated the anticancer potential of brucein D (BD), a quassinoid extracted from Brucea javanica, against the cancers of the pancreas, bone, and liver. We investigated the impact of BD on apoptotic as well on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades in breast cancer cells. The effect of BD on p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways and its downstream functions was deciphered in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. We noted that BD decreased the viability of breast cancer cells without affecting the growth of healthy mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that BD can increase sub-G1 cells and enhanced annexin-V-PI stained cells. The apoptogenic impact of BD was further substantiated by cleavage of procaspase-3/8 and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL, XIAP, and survivin). Furthermore, BD also downmodulated the migratory ability, and chemokine triggered invasion of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK kinases abrogated the observed anticancer actions of BD. Overall, the data indicated that BD can induce substantial apoptosis and interfere with cellular invasion by modulating MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.
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Yu L, Shang D, Lang L, Liu Y, Yu M, Song D, Jia S, Han S, Li C, Liu J, Xu Y, Zhang X. TMF, a natural dihydroflavonoid isolated from Scutellaria javanica Jungh, stimulates anticancer activity of s180 cancer-bearing mice, induces apoptosis, inhibits invasion and migration on HepG-2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113072. [PMID: 32738393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 5-hydroxy-7,8,2',6'-tetramethoxy flavanone (TMF) is a dihydroflavonoid extracted from Scutellaria javanica Jungh. It is a species of genus Scutellaria, and a representative southern herb and Li nationality medicine. The plant has been used as an ethnic medicine in treating cancer and the main components are dihydroflavonoids. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed at investigating the efficacy of TMF in cancer and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The s180 cancer-bearing mice experiment in vivo was designed to study the tumor growth inhibition of TMF. Also, we investigated the latent mechanism of TMF induced apoptosis and the inhibitory action of TMF on the metastasis and proliferation in HepG-2 cells. The in vitro experimental groups were treated with TMF or hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) for 24 h. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was detected by ELISA. The expressions of PCNA, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, E-Cadherin, MMP-9, MMP-2, STAT3, p-STAT3, JAK2, p-JAK2, AKT, p-AKT, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were examined by Western blot. RESULTS After oral administration of TMF in s180 cancer-bearing mice, tumor growth in vivo was suppressed significantly. The MTT assay result and the reduction of PCAN proved that TMF could inhibit HepG-2 cells proliferation. TMF also caused dose-dependent apoptosis on HepG-2 cells. The experimental results showed that the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced, and the expressions of caspase-3, Bax and p53 were increased. Therefore, we speculated that TMF-induced apoptosis might be achieved by regulating the p53-Bcl-2/Bax-caspase-3 pathways. Transwell cell migration and invasion assay showed that treatment with TMF inhibited the invasion and migration in HepG-2 cells. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were decreased while that of E-cadherin was enhanced significantly by TMF. Additionally, the expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 were decreased, but those of JAK2, STAT3, AKT and ERK1/2 remained unchanged. Thus, it is indicated that TMF induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and metastasis on HepG-2 cells via JAK2/STAT3, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrated that TMF could stimulate anticancer activity of s180 cancer-bearing mice, induce apoptosis, and inhibit invasion and migration on HepG-2 cells. Our findings displayed a systematic insight into the mechanisms underlying anticancer action of TMF, and provided a better understanding of its use for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Dongyu Shang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Lang Lang
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Yingjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Dongxue Song
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Chuandi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, PR China.
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57199, PR China.
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Malojirao VH, Girimanchanaika SS, Shanmugam MK, Sherapura A, Dukanya, Metri PK, Vigneshwaran V, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Rangappa S, Mohan CD, Basappa, Prabhakar BT, Rangappa KS. Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole Targets STAT3 Signaling to Induce Antitumor Effect in Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E368. [PMID: 32967366 PMCID: PMC7555749 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading type of malignancy in terms of occurrence and mortality in the global context. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that is persistently activated in many types of human malignancies, including lung cancer. In the present report, new oxadiazole conjugated indazoles were synthesized and examined for their anticancer potential in a panel of cancer cell lines. Among the new compounds, 2-(3-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (CHK9) showed consistently good cytotoxicity towards lung cancer cells with IC50 values ranging between 4.8-5.1 µM. The proapoptotic effect of CHK9 was further demonstrated by Annexin-FITC staining and TUNEL assay. In addition, the effect of CHK9 on the activation of STAT3 in lung cancer cells was examined. CHK9 reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3Y705 in a dose-dependent manner. CHK9 had no effect on the activation and expression of JAK2 and STAT5. It also reduced the STAT3-dependent luciferase reporter gene expression. CHK9 increased the expression of proapoptotic (p53 and Bax) proteins and decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, BID, and ICAM-1) proteins. CHK9 displayed a significant reduction in the number of tumor nodules in the in vivo lung cancer model with suppression of STAT3 activation in tumor tissues. CHK9 did not show substantial toxicity in the normal murine model. Overall, CHK9 inhibits the growth of lung cancer cells and tumors by interfering with the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas H. Malojirao
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577203, India; (V.H.M.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Swamy S. Girimanchanaika
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Ankith Sherapura
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577203, India; (V.H.M.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Prashant K. Metri
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Vellingiri Vigneshwaran
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577203, India; (V.H.M.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.C.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, AIMS Campus, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India;
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India;
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India; (S.S.G.); (D.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Bettadathunga T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577203, India; (V.H.M.); (A.S.); (V.V.)
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Brusatol suppresses STAT3-driven metastasis by downregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Adv Res 2020; 26:83-94. [PMID: 33133685 PMCID: PMC7584682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of transdifferentiation where epithelial cells attain mesenchymal phenotype to gain invasive properties and thus, can contribute to metastasis of tumor cells. Objectives The antimetastatic and antitumor efficacy of brusatol (BT) was investigated in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. Methods We evaluated the action of BT on EMT process using various biological assays in HCC cell lines and its effect on tumorigenesis in an orthotopic mouse model. Results We found that BT treatment restored the expression of Occludin, E-cadherin (epithelial markers) while suppressing the levels of different mesenchymal markers in HCC cells and tumor tissues. Moreover, we observed a decline in the expression of transcription factors (Snail, Twist). Since the expression of these two factors can be regulated by STAT3 signaling, we deciphered the influence of BT on modulation of this pathway. BT suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3Y705 and STAT3 depletion using siRNA resulted in the restoration of epithelial markers. Importantly, BT (1mg/kg) reduced the tumor burden in orthotopic mouse model with a concurrent decline in lung metastasis. Conclusions Overall, our results demonstrate that BT interferes with STAT3 induced metastasis by altering the expression of EMT-related proteins in HCC model.
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Vitexin abrogates invasion and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through targeting STAT3 signaling pathway. Biochimie 2020; 175:58-68. [PMID: 32445654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major malignancy that stands second in terms of global cancer-related mortality. STAT3 has been described as a latent transcription factor that promotes tumorigenesis. This study was designed to examine the effect of vitexin on STAT3 signaling and important hallmarks of cancer. HCC cells were employed to decipher the impact of vitexin on activation of STAT3 signaling using Western blotting, EMSA, immunocytochemistry, and reporter assay. The combinational apoptotic effects of vitexin with approved anti-cancer drugs was examined by live-dead assay, and its anti-invasive potential was studied using matrigel assay. The results obtained in cell-based assays were verified using in silico analysis. Vitexin effectively inhibited sustained activation of JAK1, JAK2, Src, and STAT3 in HCC cells. Vitexin downregulated DNA binding ability, reduced the nuclear pool of STAT3, and diminished epidermal growth factor (EGF)-driven STAT3 gene expression. Interestingly, treatment with tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor altered the vitexin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and the attenuation of STAT3 by vitexin was found to be driven through the upregulation of PTPεC. The combinational studies indicated that vitexin can exhibit substantial apoptotic effects with doxorubicin and sorafenib. It also suppressed the CXCL12-induced cell invasion. The results of cell-based assays are supported by in silico analysis as the vitexin displayed favorable interaction with kinase domain of JAK2 protein. Overall, this study demonstrated that vitexin can act as a potential blocker of the STAT3 signaling cascade and mitigate the survival as well as invasion of HCC cells.
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24
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Somu C, Mohan CD, Ambekar S, Dukanya, Rangappa S, Baburajeev CP, Sukhorukov A, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Chinnathambi A, Awad Alahmadi T, Alharbi SA, Basappa, Rangappa KS. Identification of a novel 1,2 oxazine that can induce apoptosis by targeting NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00438. [PMID: 32140443 PMCID: PMC7044713 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
10 new 1,2-Oxazines were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. 3i is lead cytotoxic agent which increased SubG1 cell population of HCC cells. p65 siRNA transfection significantly reduced the 3i induced DNA fragmentation. 3i decreased DNA binding and NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter gene expression.
Constitutive activation of NF-κB is associated with proinflammatory diseases and suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway has been considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we report the synthesis of 1,2 oxazines and their anticancer potential. The antiproliferative studies presented 3-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta [e][1,2]oxazine(3i) as a lead cytotoxic agent against HCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 3i caused a substantial increase in the subG1 cell population. Annexin-V-FITC-PI staining showed a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells on treatment with 3i. Transfection with p65 siRNA significantly reduced the 3i induced DNA fragmentation indicating that 3i may primarily mediate its proapoptotic effects by abrogating the NF-κB signaling. In addition, treatment of HCC cells with 3i decreased the DNA binding ability of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent luciferase expression. Taken together, this report introduces 1,2-oxazine that potently targets the NF-κB signaling pathway in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Somu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | | | - Sachin Ambekar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya district-571448, India
| | - C P Baburajeev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Alexey Sukhorukov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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Dufresne J, Bowden P, Thavarajah T, Florentinus-Mefailoski A, Chen ZZ, Tucholska M, Norzin T, Ho MT, Phan M, Mohamed N, Ravandi A, Stanton E, Slutsky AS, Dos Santos CC, Romaschin A, Marshall JC, Addison C, Malone S, Heyland D, Scheltens P, Killestein J, Teunissen C, Diamandis EP, Siu KWM, Marshall JG. The plasma peptides of breast versus ovarian cancer. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:43. [PMID: 31889940 PMCID: PMC6927194 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to demonstrate a proof of principle that proteomics has the capacity to analyze plasma from breast cancer versus other diseases and controls in a multisite clinical trial design. The peptides or proteins that show a high observation frequency, and/or precursor intensity, specific to breast cancer plasma might be discovered by comparison to other diseases and matched controls. The endogenous tryptic peptides of breast cancer plasma were compared to ovarian cancer, female normal, sepsis, heart attack, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis along with the institution-matched normal and control samples collected directly onto ice. Methods Endogenous tryptic peptides were extracted from individual breast cancer and control EDTA plasma samples in a step gradient of acetonitrile, and collected over preparative C18 for LC-ESI-MS/MS with a set of LTQ XL linear quadrupole ion traps working together in parallel to randomly and independently sample clinical populations. The MS/MS spectra were fit to fully tryptic peptides or phosphopeptides within proteins using the X!TANDEM algorithm. The protein observation frequency was counted using the SEQUEST algorithm after selecting the single best charge state and peptide sequence for each MS/MS spectra. The observation frequency was subsequently tested by Chi Square analysis. The log10 precursor intensity was compared by ANOVA in the R statistical system. Results Peptides and/or phosphopeptides of common plasma proteins such as APOE, C4A, C4B, C3, APOA1, APOC2, APOC4, ITIH3 and ITIH4 showed increased observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in breast cancer. Many cellular proteins also showed large changes in frequency by Chi Square (χ2 > 100, p < 0.0001) in the breast cancer samples such as CPEB1, LTBP4, HIF-1A, IGHE, RAB44, NEFM, C19orf82, SLC35B1, 1D12A, C8orf34, HIF1A, OCLN, EYA1, HLA-DRB1, LARS, PTPDC1, WWC1, ZNF562, PTMA, MGAT1, NDUFA1, NOGOC, OR1E1, OR1E2, CFI, HSA12, GCSH, ELTD1, TBX15, NR2C2, FLJ00045, PDLIM1, GALNT9, ASH2L, PPFIBP1, LRRC4B, SLCO3A1, BHMT2, CS, FAM188B2, LGALS7, SAT2, SFRS8, SLC22A12, WNT9B, SLC2A4, ZNF101, WT1, CCDC47, ERLIN1, SPFH1, EID2, THOC1, DDX47, MREG, PTPRE, EMILIN1, DKFZp779G1236 and MAP3K8 among others. The protein gene symbols with large Chi Square values were significantly enriched in proteins that showed a complex set of previously established functional and structural relationships by STRING analysis. An increase in mean precursor intensity of peptides was observed for QSER1 as well as SLC35B1, IQCJ-SCHIP1, MREG, BHMT2, LGALS7, THOC1, ANXA4, DHDDS, SAT2, PTMA and FYCO1 among others. In contrast, the QSER1 peptide QPKVKAEPPPK was apparently specific to ovarian cancer. Conclusion There was striking agreement between the breast cancer plasma peptides and proteins discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS with previous biomarkers from tumors, cells lines or body fluids by genetic or biochemical methods. The results indicate that variation in plasma peptides from breast cancer versus ovarian cancer may be directly discovered by LC-ESI-MS/MS that will be a powerful tool for clinical research. It may be possible to use a battery of sensitive and robust linear quadrupole ion traps for random and independent sampling of plasma from a multisite clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Dufresne
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pete Bowden
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thanusi Thavarajah
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zhuo Zhen Chen
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Monika Tucholska
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tenzin Norzin
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Margaret Truc Ho
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Morla Phan
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nargiz Mohamed
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- 2Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eric Stanton
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- 4St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Chair in Medicine, Professor of Medicine, Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Romaschin
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - John C Marshall
- 5St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina Addison
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shawn Malone
- 6Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daren Heyland
- 7Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- 8Alzheimer Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- 9MS Center, Dept of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- 10Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Dept of Clinical Chemsitry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K W M Siu
- 12University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
| | - John G Marshall
- 1Ryerson Analytical Biochemistry Laboratory (RABL), Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON Canada.,13International Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Luxembourg Institute of Health (formerly CRP Sante Luxembourg), Strassen, Luxembourg
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The IκB Kinase Inhibitor ACHP Targets the STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120875. [PMID: 31847229 PMCID: PMC6995615 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes which are involved in malignant transformation. Aberrant activation of STAT3 has been observed in a wide range of human malignancies and its role in negative prognosis is well-documented. In this report, we performed high-throughput virtual screening in search of STAT3 signaling inhibitors using a cheminformatics platform and identified 2-Amino-6-[2-(Cyclopropylmethoxy)-6-Hydroxyphenyl]-4-Piperidin-4-yl Nicotinonitrile (ACHP) as the inhibitor of the STAT3 signaling pathway. The predicted hit was evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines for its STAT3 inhibitory activity. In vitro experiments suggested that ACHP decreased the cell viability and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 of NSCLC cells. In addition, ACHP imparted inhibitory activity on the constitutive activation of upstream protein tyrosine kinases, including JAK1, JAK2, and Src. ACHP decreased the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and downregulated its DNA binding ability. Apoptosis was evidenced by cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP with the subsequent decline in antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin. Overall, we report that ACHP can act as a potent STAT3 signaling inhibitor in NSCLC cell lines.
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Brusatol, a Nrf2 Inhibitor Targets STAT3 Signaling Cascade in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100550. [PMID: 31575007 PMCID: PMC6843503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a latent transcription factor that plays a vital role in the transmission of extracellular signal from receptors to the nucleus. It has been regarded as a master transcription factor due to its role in the regulation of a broad spectrum of genes, which can contribute to oncogenesis. Persistent activation of STAT3 and deregulation of its signaling has been observed in various human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present work, we identified brusatol (BT) as a potential blocker of STAT3 signaling pathway in diverse HNSCC cells. The data from the cell-based experiments suggested that BT-induced cytotoxicity and abrogated the activation of STAT3 and that of upstream kinases such as JAK1, JAK2, and Src. It reduced the levels of nuclear STAT3 and its DNA binding ability. BT treatment increased annexin-V-positive cells, promoted procaspase-3 and PARP cleavage, and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of diverse proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin) in HNSCC cells. Taken together, brusatol can function as a promising inhibitor targeting STAT3 signaling pathway in HNSCC.
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Coker-Gurkan A, Ayhan-Sahin B, Keceloglu G, Obakan-Yerlikaya P, Arisan ED, Palavan-Unsal N. Atiprimod induce apoptosis in pituitary adenoma: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy pathways. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19749-19763. [PMID: 31270852 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma is the most common tumor with a high recurrence rate due to a hormone-dependent JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STAT) signaling. Atiprimod, a novel compound belonging to the azaspirane class of cationic amphiphilic drugs, has antiproliferative, anticarcinogenic effects in multiple myeloma, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking STAT3 activation. Therapeutic agents' efficiency depends on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-autophagy regulation during drug-mediated apoptotic cell death decision. However, the molecular machinery of dose-dependent atiprimod treatment regarding ER stress-autophagy has not been investigated yet. Thus, our aim is to investigate the ER stress-autophagy axis in atiprimod-mediated apoptotic cell death in GH-secreting rat cell line (GH3) pituitary adenoma cells. Dose-dependent atiprimod treatment decreased GH3 cell viability, inhibited cell growth, and colony formation. Upregulation of Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1 expressions, cleavage of LC-3II and formation of autophagy vacuoles were determined only after 1 µM atiprimod exposure. In addition, atiprimod-triggered ER stress was evaluated by BiP, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), p-PERK upregulation, and Ca+2 release after 1 µM atiprimod exposure. Concomitantly, increasing concentration of atiprimod induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death via modulating Bcl2 family members. Moreover, by N-acetyl cycteinc pretreatment, atiprimod triggered reactive oxygen species generation and prevented apoptotic induction. Concomitantly, dose-dependent atiprimod treatment decreased both GH and STAT3 expression in GH3 cells. In addition, overexpression of STAT3 increased atiprimod-mediated cell viability loss and apoptotic cell death through suppressing autophagy and ER stress key molecules expression profile. In conclusion, a low dose of atiprimod exposure triggers autophagy and mild-ER stress as a survival mechanism, but increased atiprimod dose induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death by targeting STAT3 in GH3 pituitary adenoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Coker-Gurkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ayhan-Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Keceloglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan-Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif-Damla Arisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narcin Palavan-Unsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Mohan CD, Hari S, Preetham HD, Rangappa S, Barash U, Ilan N, Nayak SC, Gupta VK, Basappa, Vlodavsky I, Rangappa KS. Targeting Heparanase in Cancer: Inhibition by Synthetic, Chemically Modified, and Natural Compounds. iScience 2019; 15:360-390. [PMID: 31103854 PMCID: PMC6548846 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is an endoglycosidase involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and thereby in regulating multiple cellular processes and biological activities. It cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HS proteoglycans into smaller fragments and hence regulates tissue morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis. Heparanase is overexpressed in various carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, and its upregulation correlates with increased tumor size, tumor angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis, and poor prognosis. In contrast, knockdown or inhibition of heparanase markedly attenuates tumor progression, further underscoring the potential of anti-heparanase therapy. Heparanase inhibitors were employed to interfere with tumor progression in preclinical studies, and selected heparin mimetics are being examined in clinical trials. However, despite tremendous efforts, the discovery of heparanase inhibitors with high clinical benefit and minimal adverse effects remains a therapeutic challenge. This review discusses the key roles of heparanase in cancer progression focusing on the status of natural, chemically modified, and synthetic heparanase inhibitors in various types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Hari
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Habbanakuppe D Preetham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, AIMS Campus, B. G. Nagar, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District 571448, India
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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30
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Mohan S, Rangappa S, Anilkumar NC, Fuchs JE, Bender A, Basappa, Rangappa KS, Bhatnagar R. Sulfated Ceria Catalyzed Synthesis of Imidazopyridines and Their Implementation as DNA Minor Groove Binders. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800435. [PMID: 30702795 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The small molecules that bind to DNA minor groove are considered as potential therapeutic agents to fight against many human diseases. They induce cell death by interfering with transcription, replication and progression of cell cycle. Herein, we report the synthesis of imidazopyridine-3-amines using sulfated ceria catalyst by employing Groebkee-Blackburne-Bienayme reaction. We evaluated the possible antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activity against A549 cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Among the tested compounds, N-tert-butyl-2-(2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine (4g) was identified as cytotoxic heterocycle and antimycobacterial agent. Molecular docking studies of the imidazopyridine derivatives revealed the consistent positioning in the minor groove with a tight shape fit between receptor and ligands. Therefore, we speculate that new imidazopyridines induce their pharmacological effect by targeting the minor groove of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Mohan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala, Mandya, India
| | - Nirvanappa C Anilkumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | | | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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31
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Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of specific serine residue BAD phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10505-E10514. [PMID: 30309962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human BCL-2-associated death promoter (hBAD) is an apoptosis-regulatory protein mediating survival signals to carcinoma cells upon phosphorylation of Ser99, among other residues. Herein, we screened multiple small-molecule databases queried in a Laplacian-modified naive Bayesian-based cheminformatics platform and identified a Petasis reaction product as a site-specific inhibitor for hBAD phosphorylation. Based on apoptotic efficacy against mammary carcinoma cells, N-cyclopentyl-3-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl) (2-hydroxyphenyl) methyl) benzamide (NPB) was identified as a potential lead compound. In vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that NPB inhibited the phosphorylation of hBAD specifically on Ser99. NPB was observed to exert this effect independently of AKT and other kinase activities despite the demonstration of AKT-mediated BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation. Using a structure-based bioinformatics platform, we observed that NPB exhibited predicted interactions with hBAD in silico and verified the same by direct binding kinetics. NPB reduced phosphorylation of BAD-Ser99 and enhanced caspase 3/7 activity with associated loss of cell viability in various human cancer cell lines derived from mammary, endometrial, ovarian, hepatocellular, colon, prostatic, and pancreatic carcinoma. Furthermore, by use of a xenograft model, it was observed that NPB, as a single agent, markedly diminished BAD phosphorylation in tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Similar doses of NPB utilized in acute toxicity studies in mice did not exhibit significant effects. Hence, we report a site-specific inhibitor of BAD phosphorylation with efficacy in tumor models.
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32
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Gilandoust M, Harsha KB, Mohan CD, Raquib AR, Rangappa S, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa, Rangappa KS. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines in human breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2314-2319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Mohan CD, Anilkumar NC, Rangappa S, Shanmugam MK, Mishra S, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Bhattacharjee A, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Basappa, Rangappa KS. Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Induces Anticancer Activity by Targeting NF-κB in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:42. [PMID: 29616186 PMCID: PMC5867297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of NF-κB is linked with the progression of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and blockade of NF-κB signaling could be a potential target in the treatment of several cancers. Therefore, designing of novel small molecule inhibitors that target NF-κB activation is of prime importance in the treatment of several cancers. In the present work, we report the synthesis of series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, investigated their anticancer potential against HCC cells, and identified 2-(3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (CMO) as the lead compound. Further, we examined the effect of CMO on cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry), apoptosis (annexin V-propidium iodide-FITC staining), and phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling pathway proteins (IκB and p65) in HCC cells. We found that CMO induced antiproliferative effect in dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, CMO significantly increased the percentage of sub-G1 cell population and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CMO found to decrease the phosphorylation of IκB (Ser 32) in the cytoplasmic extract and p65 (Ser 536) in the nuclear extract of HCC cells. It also abrogated the DNA binding ability and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. CMO induced the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, transfection with p65 small interfering RNA blocks CMO-induced caspase-3/7 activation. Molecular docking analysis revealed that CMO interacts with the hydrophobic region of p65 protein. Thus, we are reporting CMO as an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirvanappa C Anilkumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India.,Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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34
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Tao Y, Yang S, Wu Y, Fang X, Wang Y, Song Y, Han T. MicroRNA-216a inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer cells by targeting JAK2/STAT3-mediated EMT process. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88870-88881. [PMID: 29179483 PMCID: PMC5687653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small, non-protein coding, endogenous RNAs, play critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of human cancer. miR-216a has recently been reported to play an oncogenic role in human cancer. While, the expression of miR-216a, its biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) are largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that miR-216a was underexpressed in GC tissues compared to matched noncancerous tissues. Decreased levels of miR-216a were confirmed in GC cell lines compared with a normal gastric epithelium cell line. miR-216a underexpression was associated with malignant prognostic features including lymph node metastasis, venous infiltration, invasive depth and advanced TNM stage. GC patients with low miR-216a level showed an obvious shorter overall survival. miR-216a overexpression restrained migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells, while its knockdown exerted opposite effects on metastatic behaviors of SGC-7901 cells. In vivo experiments found that miR-216a restoration reduced metastatic nodes of GC cells in nude mice liver. miR-216a notably suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was recognized as a direct target and downstream mediator of miR-216a in GC cells. Interestingly, JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was prominently inactivated by miR-216a and probably mediated the role of miR-216a in the regulation of migration, invasion and EMT process of GC cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that miR-216a functions as a tumor suppressive miRNA in the development of GC possibly by targeting JAK2/STAT3-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmao Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Songbai Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Yuanyu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
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35
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Zheng L, Chen J, Zhou Z, He Z. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS1 inhibits gastric cancer cell growth via inactivating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705335. [PMID: 28475004 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA HOXD-AS1 (HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with the progression of several tumors. However, the biological function of HOXD-AS1 and the underlying molecular mechanism in gastric cancer are still unclear. The expression of HOXD-AS1 in gastric cancer cell lines was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association of HOXD-AS1 expression and clinical parameters was statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Cell viability, colony formation capacity, and phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in treated SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that HOXD-AS1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and clinically involved in tumor size, invasion depth, tumor-node-metastasis stages, regional lymph nodes, lymphatic metastasis, as well as distant metastasis. HOXD-AS1 knockdown dramatically inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation capacity, and phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in vitro. In addition, HOXD-AS1 overexpression significantly promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation capacity, whereas both Janus kinase small interfering RNAs and Janus kinase 2 inhibitor AG490 overturned these effects. Furthermore, xenograft assays confirmed the biological function of HOXD-AS1 in vivo. Taken together, our data elucidate that knockdown of HOXD-AS1 dramatically suppresses gastric cancer cell growth by inactivating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in vitro and in vivo, contributing to a better understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis and providing a possible theoretical foundation for long non-coding RNA-directed diagnosis and therapy against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhongyong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhikuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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36
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Baburajeev CP, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Mason DJ, Fuchs JE, Bender A, Barash U, Vlodavsky I, Basappa, Rangappa KS. Identification of Novel Class of Triazolo-Thiadiazoles as Potent Inhibitors of Human Heparanase and their Anticancer Activity. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:235. [PMID: 28359266 PMCID: PMC5374561 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression and activity of heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of proteoglycans, is associated with progression and poor prognosis of many cancers which makes it an attractive drug target in cancer therapeutics. Methods In the present work, we report the in vitro screening of a library of 150 small molecules with the scaffold bearing quinolones, oxazines, benzoxazines, isoxazoli(di)nes, pyrimidinones, quinolines, benzoxazines, and 4-thiazolidinones, thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one, 1,2,4-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and azaspiranes against the enzymatic activity of human heparanase. The identified lead compounds were evaluated for their heparanase-inhibiting activity using sulfate [35S] labeled extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by cultured endothelial cells. Further, anti-invasive efficacy of lead compound was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Results Among the 150 compounds screened, we identified 1,2,4-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazoles bearing compounds to possess human heparanase inhibitory activity. Further analysis revealed 2,4-Diiodo-6-(3-phenyl-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3,4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazol-6yl)phenol (DTP) as the most potent inhibitor of heparanase enzymatic activity among the tested compounds. The inhibitory efficacy was demonstrated by a colorimetric assay and further validated by measuring the release of radioactive heparan sulfate degradation fragments from [35S] labeled extracellular matrix. Additionally, lead compound significantly suppressed migration and invasion of LLC and HepG2 cells with IC50 value of ~5 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis revealed a favourable interaction of triazolo-thiadiazole backbone with Asn-224 and Asp-62 of the enzyme. Conclusions Overall, we identified biologically active heparanase inhibitor which could serve as a lead structure in developing compounds that target heparanase in cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3214-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Baburajeev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya, district-571448, India
| | - Daniel J Mason
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uri Barash
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India.
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37
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Sebastian A, Pandey V, Mohan CD, Chia YT, Rangappa S, Mathai J, Baburajeev CP, Paricharak S, Mervin LH, Bulusu KC, Fuchs JE, Bender A, Yamada S, Lobie PE, Rangappa KS. Novel Adamantanyl-Based Thiadiazolyl Pyrazoles Targeting EGFR in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1412-1424. [PMID: 30023509 PMCID: PMC6044684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present study, we synthesize novel adamantanyl-based thiadiazolyl pyrazoles by introducing the adamantane ring to thiazolopyrazoline. On the basis of loss of cell viability in TNBC cells, 4-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-(3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazole (APP) was identified as a lead compound. Using a Parzen-Rosenblatt Window classifier, APP was predicted to target the EGFR protein, and the same was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Further analysis revealed that APP suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR at Y992, Y1045, Y1068, Y1086, Y1148, and Y1173 in TNBC cells. APP also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK at Y204 and of STAT3 at Y705, implying that APP downregulates the activity of EGFR downstream effectors. Small interfering RNA mediated depletion of EGFR expression prevented the effect of APP in BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that APP specifically targets the EGFR. Furthermore, APP modulated the expression of the proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival. In addition, APP altered the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins and suppressed the invasion of TNBC cells. Hence, we report a novel and specific inhibitor of the EGFR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Sebastian
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College campus, Palace Road, Bangalore560001, India
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #11-02, MD6, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry and Department of Studies in Molecular
Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Yi Ting Chia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #11-02, MD6, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Frontier
Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Jessin Mathai
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Research and Innovation, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - C. P. Baburajeev
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College campus, Palace Road, Bangalore560001, India
| | - Shardul Paricharak
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Lewis H. Mervin
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Krishna C. Bulusu
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Julian E. Fuchs
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department
of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoyo 468-8503, Japan
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #11-02, MD6, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa
- Department of Studies in Chemistry and Department of Studies in Molecular
Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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