1
|
Wang M, Bai QX, Zheng XX, Hu WJ, Wang S, Tang HP, Yu AQ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Smilax china L.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, actual and potential applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116992. [PMID: 37541403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L., an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Baqia in China. It has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and actual and potential applications of S. china. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article uses "Smilax china L." "S. china" as the keyword and collects relevant information on Smilax china L. plants through electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. RESULTS 134 chemical constituents, among which steroid saponins and flavonoids are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from S. china. S. china with its active compounds is possessed of wide-reaching biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, detoxify nicotine, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hyperuricaemia, anti-hypertension, promoting skin wound and barrier repair and anti-bacterial activity. Besides, S. china is also applied to other fields, such as food industry and detection technology. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of the existing phytochemical studies on Smilax china L., the structural characterization of Smilax china L. extract can continue to be the focus of future research. Pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated some of the traditional uses of Smilax china L. extract, while other traditional uses still need to be confirmed by research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiu-Xi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Hao L, Hu X. Natural products target glycolysis in liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1242955. [PMID: 37663261 PMCID: PMC10469892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1242955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of different liver diseases. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction and production of reactive oxygen species are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, forcing glycolysis to become the main source of energy metabolism of liver cells. Moreover, glycolysis is also enhanced to varying degrees in different liver diseases, especially in liver cancer. Therefore, targeting the glycolytic signaling pathway provides a new strategy for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis associated with liver cancer. Natural products regulate many steps of glycolysis, and targeting glycolysis with natural products is a promising cancer treatment. In this review, we have mainly illustrated the relationship between glycolysis and liver disease, natural products can work by targeting key enzymes in glycolysis and their associated proteins, so understanding how natural products regulate glycolysis can help clarify the therapeutic mechanisms these drugs use to inhibit liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pseudolaric Acid B Induces Growth Inhibition and Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis on Head and Neck Cancer Cell lines through Death Receptor 5. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203715. [PMID: 31623058 PMCID: PMC6832876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudolaric Acid B (PAB), diterpenoid isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon tree (Pinaceae), exhibits an anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity in various cancer cell lines but to date, the effects of PAB on head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed that PAB significantly inhibited the viability and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HN22 cell line. PAB-induced apoptosis is through inducing death receptor 5 (DR5) together with the increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-8. It also inhibited the proliferations and induced apoptosis through DR5 in other three HNC cell lines (HSC3, Ca9.22, and HSC4). Extending our in vitro findings, we found that ethanol extract of Pseudolarix kaempferi (2.5 mg/kg/day) reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model bearing HN22 cell line without any change in body weight. DR5 were also found to be increased in tumors tissue of PAB-treated mice without any apparent histopathological changes in liver or kidney tissues. Taken together, PAB may be a potential lead compound for chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Won DH, Kim LH, Jang B, Yang IH, Kwon HJ, Jin B, Oh SH, Kang JH, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of silymarin on oral cancer. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318776170. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318776170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, a standardized extract from milk thistle fruits has been found to exhibit anti-cancer effects against various cancers. Here, we explored the anti-cancer activity of silymarin and its molecular target in human oral cancer in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of HSC-4 oral cancer cells and promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis. A human apoptosis protein array kit showed that death receptor 5 may be involved in silymarin-induced apoptosis, which was also shown through western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Silymarin increased cleaved caspase-8 and truncated Bid, leading to accumulation of cytochrome c. In addition, silymarin activated death receptor 5/caspase-8 to induce apoptotic cell death in two other oral cancer cell lines (YD15 and Ca9.22). Silymarin also suppressed tumor growth and volume without any hepatic or renal toxicity in vivo. Taken together, these results provide in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the anti-cancer effect of silymarin and death receptor 5, and caspase-8 may be essential players in silymarin-mediated apoptosis in oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Oral Pathology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Han Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boonsil Jang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Sorabol College, Gyeongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University and CHA Bio Complex, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu HJ, Ahn CH, Yang IH, Won DH, Jin B, Cho NP, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Apoptosis induced by methanol extract of Potentilla discolor in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells through STAT3/PUMA signaling axis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5258-5264. [PMID: 29363716 PMCID: PMC5865991 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentilla discolor has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia. However, the potential role of Potentilla discolor against cancer and its mode of action remain to be fully elucidated. The present study explored the apoptotic effect of methanol extract of Potentilla discolor (MEPD) in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell lines of salivary glands. MEPD markedly suppressed the growth and induced apoptotic cell death in MC3 and YD15 cells. MEPD treatment significantly upregulated the expression of PUMA and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation. Overexpression of STAT3 partially recovered the growth of MEC cells inhibited by MEPD. In addition, dephosphorylation of STAT3 by cryptotanshinone (a potent STAT3 inhibitor) was sufficient to inhibit the growth of MEC cells and induce apoptosis via affecting PUMA protein. These results suggest that MEPD has a potential anticancer property via the STAT3/PUMA signaling axis in human MEC cells of salivary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Pyo Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
TRAIL, Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, TGFβ, and miRNA Signalings Are Potential Targets for Oral Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071523. [PMID: 28708091 PMCID: PMC5536013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies and cancer cell models emphasize the importance of targeting therapies for oral cancer. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is highly expressed in cancer, and is a selective killing ligand for oral cancer. Signaling proteins in the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnt), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways may regulate cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Accordingly, the genes encoding these signaling proteins are potential targets for oral cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in targeting therapies for oral cancer and discuss the gene targets within TRAIL, Wnt, SHH, and TGFβ signaling for oral cancer therapies. Oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) and tumor suppressor miRNAs targeting the genes encoding these signaling proteins are summarized, and the interactions between Wnt, SHH, TGFβ, and miRNAs are interpreted. With suitable combination treatments, synergistic effects are expected to improve targeting therapies for oral cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu S, Yang Y, Liu D, Luo Y, Ye X, Liu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Wu H, Wang Y, Hu Q, You P. Flavonoids and Tannins from Smilax china L. Rhizome Induce Apoptosis Via Mitochondrial Pathway and MDM2-p53 Signaling in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:369-384. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro evidence indicates that Smilax china L. rhizome (SCR) can inhibit cell proliferation. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the effects in vitro of SCR extracts on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Our results showed that A549 cell growth was inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with SCR extracts. Total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR induced A549 apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by our flow cytometry analysis, which was consistent with the alterations in nuclear morphology we observed. In addition, the total apoptotic rate induced by total tannins was higher than the rate induced by total flavonoids at the same dose. Cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels in A549 cells after treatment with total flavonoids or total tannins were increased in a dose-dependent manner, followed by the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, finally triggering to PARP cleavage. Furthermore, total flavonoids and total tannins increased the expression of Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and promoted cytochrome [Formula: see text] release. Moreover, MDM2 and p-MDM2 proteins were decreased, while p53 and p-p53 proteins were increased, both in a dose-dependent manner, after A549 treatment with total flavonoids and total tannins. Finally, cleaved-caspase-3 protein levels in the total flavonoids or total tannins-treated H1299 (p53 null) and p53-knockdown A549 cells were increased. Our results indicated that total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR exerted a remarkable effect in reducing A549 growth through their action on mitochondrial pathway and disruption of MDM2-p53 balance. Hence, our findings demonstrated a potential application of total flavonoids and total tannins from SCR in the treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- San Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, P.R. China
| | - Pengtao You
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song L, Tian L, Ma Y, Xie Y, Feng H, Qin F, Mo L, Lin S, Hou L, Wang C. Protection of flavonoids from Smilax china L. rhizome on phenol mucilage-induced pelvic inflammation in rats by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
9
|
Yang IH, Shin JA, Cho SD. Pycnogenol Induces Nuclear Translocation of Apoptosis-inducing Factor and Caspase-independent Apoptosis in MC-3 Human Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line. J Cancer Prev 2015; 19:265-72. [PMID: 25574461 PMCID: PMC4285957 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pycnogenol is extracted from the pine bark of a tree known as Pinus pinaster that has variety biological effects. However, its anticancer activity has not yet been completely studied. The aim of this study is to investigate anticancer effect of pycnogenol in MC-3 human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell line. Methods: We describe the effect of anti-cancer of pycnogenol in MC-3 human oral MEC cells using trypan blue exclusion assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, Western blot, preparation of cytosolic and nuclear fractions, immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Pycnogenol significantly decreased cell viability and also induced caspase-independent apoptosis. We confirmed that pycnogenol induced the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor into nucleus and regulated apoptosis. Also, Bak protein stability was partly enhanced by pycnogenol to elevate the expression level of Bak protein. Conclusions: Overall, pycnogenol may be a fascinating therapeutic drug candidate for the treatment of MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|