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Yu Liu S, Chen LK, Chung YT, Chen CW, Wu GL, Chang YC, Chen PR, Chang YI, Lin HF, Wu LY, Juan CC. Glucosamine inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and stimulates myotube atrophy through distinct signal pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109762. [PMID: 39251145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is one of the dietary supplements used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Endogenously, GlcN is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine pathway. In addition to ameliorating arthritis, several biological functions of GlcN have been reported, including insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, the regulatory role of GlcN in skeletal muscle development is not clear. We therefore investigated the effect of GlcN on myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube development and their underlying mechanisms in C2C12 cells. Myoblast proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expressions of MyoD, myogenin (MyoG), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were identified as determinants of myoblast differentiation. Expressions of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) were identified as markers of myotube atrophy. The results show that treatment with GlcN significantly reduced myoblast proliferation and phosphorylation of Stat3 and S6K. These findings suggest that GlcN can inhibit growth of myoblasts through inhibiting phosphorylation of Stat3 and S6K. In addition, GlcN significantly suppressed the expression of MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC, as well as myotube formation. Pretreatment of C2C12 myoblast cells with ER stress inhibitors significantly blocked GlcN-inhibited MyHC expression and myotube formation. It can be concluded that GlcN suppressed myogenic differentiation via a pathway that involved ER stress. Moreover, GlcN decreased myotube diameter and expression of MyHC, as well as increased MuRF-1 in C2C12 myotubes. Meanwhile, GlcN also reduced the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR were stimulated after GlcN treatment in C2C12 myotubes. Thus, GlcN induced skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting the protein synthesis pathway. Chronic GlcN infusion also caused skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. In conclusion, GlcN regulated important stages of skeletal muscle development through different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui- Yu Liu
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chung
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Teachers College, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 621302, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lin Wu
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chang
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Rong Chen
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-I Chang
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Fu Lin
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institutes of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan.
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Li W, Meng X, Peng K, Han Y, Liu H, Zhao W, Wang G, Deng L, Liu H, Li Z, Ji F. Boosting Microglial Lipid Metabolism via TREM2 Signaling by Biomimetic Nanoparticles to Attenuate the Sevoflurane-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305989. [PMID: 38145349 PMCID: PMC10933683 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity that can potentially affect the learning and memory function in the developmental brain. Recently, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is identified as a crucial step in regulating lipid metabolism and associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, it is reported that quercetin modified Cu2- x Se (abbreviated as CSPQ) nanoparticles can ameliorate sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by tuning the microglial lipid metabolism and promoting microglial M2-like polarization via TREM2 signaling pathway, in which the apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) levels are upregulated. Furthermore, the protective effects of CSPQ nanoparticles against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via TREM2 are further demonstrated by the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-TREM2 transfected BV2 cells, which are obviously not influenced by CSPQ nanoparticles. The cell membrane coated CSPQ (referred as CSPQ@CM) nanoparticles can significantly reduce sevoflurane-induced learning and memory deficits, improve lipid metabolism dysfunction, and promote the remyelination in the hippocampus of mice. The study shows great potential of targeting microglial lipid metabolism in promoting remyelination of neurons for treatment of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Yaobao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California Davis HealthSacramentoCA 95817USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
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Keylani K, Arbab Mojeni F, Khalaji A, Rasouli A, Aminzade D, Karimi MA, Sanaye PM, Khajevand N, Nemayandeh N, Poudineh M, Azizabadi Farahani M, Esfandiari MA, Haghshoar S, Kheirandish A, Amouei E, Abdi A, Azizinezhad A, Khani A, Deravi N. Endoplasmic reticulum as a target in cardiovascular diseases: Is there a role for flavonoids? Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1027633. [PMID: 36703744 PMCID: PMC9871646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are found in natural health products and plant-based foods. The flavonoid molecules contain a 15-carbon skeleton with the particular structural construction of subclasses. The most flavonoid's critical subclasses with improved health properties are the catechins or flavonols (e.g., epigallocatechin 3-gallate from green tea), the flavones (e.g., apigenin from celery), the flavanones (e.g., naringenin from citrus), the flavanols (e.g., quercetin glycosides from berries, onion, and apples), the isoflavones (e.g., genistein from soya beans) and the anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from berries). Scientific data conclusively demonstrates that frequent intake of efficient amounts of dietary flavonoids decreases chronic inflammation and the chance of oxidative stress expressing the pathogenesis of human diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle that plays a role in protein folding, post-transcriptional conversion, and transportation, which plays a critical part in maintaining cell homeostasis. Various stimuli can lead to the creation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and then arise in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Constant endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately causes apoptosis. Research has shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical part in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, and hypertension. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be one of the crucial points in treating multiple cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarized findings on flavonoids' effects on the endoplasmic reticulum and their role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Keylani
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Arbab Mojeni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Asma Rasouli
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Dlnya Aminzade
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Khajevand
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nemayandeh
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Ali Esfandiari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sepehr Haghshoar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Amouei
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Azizinezhad
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Khani
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Niloofar Deravi,
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Li W, Jin K, Luo J, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R, Jiao L, Wang T, Yang G. NF-κB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988266. [PMID: 36204587 PMCID: PMC9530249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, in which multiple pathways and their interweaving regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The primary transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in AS via modulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators under various stimuli such as cytokines, microbial antigens, and intracellular stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the disrupted synthesis and secretion of protein, links inflammation, metabolic signals, and other cellular processes via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both NF-κB and ER stress share the intersection regarding their molecular regulation and function and are regarded as critical individual contributors to AS. In this review, we summarize the multiple interactions between NF-κB and ER stress activation, including the UPR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which have been ignored in the pathogenesis of AS. Given the multiple links between NF-κB and ER stress, we speculate that the integrated network contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AS. This review aims to provide an insight into these interactions and their underlying roles in the progression of AS, highlighting potential pharmacological targets against the atherosclerotic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiao,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
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Li K, Zang X, Meng X, Li Y, Xie Y, Chen X. Targeted delivery of quercetin by biotinylated mixed micelles for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:970-985. [PMID: 35343862 PMCID: PMC8967198 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2055225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death world-wide and its treatment remains a challenge in clinic, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, more effective therapeutic strategies are required for NSCLC treatment. Quercetin (Que) as a natural flavonoid compound has gained increasing interests due to its anticancer activity. However, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, short half-life, and weak tumor accumulation hinder in vivo applications and antitumor effects of Que. In this study, we developed Que-loaded mixed micelles (Que-MMICs) assembled from 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine–poly(ethylene glycol)–biotin (DSPE–PEG–biotin) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate–poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate]–polycaprolactone (PEGMA–PDMAEA–PCL) for NSCLC treatment. The results showed that Que was efficiently encapsulated into the mixed micelles and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was up to 85.7%. Cellular uptake results showed that biotin conjugation significantly improved 1.2-fold internalization of the carrier compared to that of non-targeted mixed micelles. In vitro results demonstrated that Que-MMICs could improve cytotoxicity (IC50 = 7.83 μg/mL) than Que-MICs (16.15 μg/mL) and free Que (44.22 μg/mL) to A549 cells, which efficiently induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle. Furthermore, Que-MMICs showed satisfactory tumor targeting capability and antitumor efficacy possibly due to the combination of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) and active targeting effect. Collectively, Que-MMICs demonstrated high accumulation at tumor site and exhibited superior anticancer activity in NSCLC bearing mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University,Qingdao, China
| | - Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University,Qingdao, China
| | | | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University,Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University,Qingdao, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University,Qingdao, China
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Oh H, Kang MK, Park SH, Kim DY, Kim SI, Oh SY, Na W, Shim JH, Lim SS, Kang YH. Asaronic acid inhibits ER stress sensors and boosts functionality of ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation in 7β-hydroxycholesterol-loaded macrophages. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 92:153763. [PMID: 34601222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolded proteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to diverse stimuli including oxidant production, calcium disturbance, and inflammatory factors. Accumulation of these non-native proteins in the ER evokes cellular stress involving the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) and the execution of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Naturally-occurring plant compounds are known to interfere with UPR due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, leading to inhibition of ER stress. However, there are few studies dealing with the protective effects of natural compounds on the functionality of ERAD. PURPOSE The current study examined whether asaronic acid enhanced ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation in J774A.1 murine macrophages exposed to 7β-hydroxycholesterol, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Asaronic acid (2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid), identified as one of purple perilla constituents, has anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Little is known regarding the effects of asaronic acid on the ERAD process and the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine macrophages were incubated with 28 μM 7β-hydroxycholesterol in absence and presence of 1-20 μΜ asaronic acid for up to 24 h. Nontoxic asaronic acid in macrophage diminished the activation of the ER stress sensors of ATF6, IRE1 and PERK stimulated by 7β-hydroxycholesterol. This methoxybenzoic acid down-regulated the oxysterol-induced expression of EDEM1, OS9, Sel1L-Hrd1 and p97/VCP1, all required for the recognition, recruitment and dislocation of misfolded proteins. On the other hand, asaronic acid enhanced the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of non-native proteins dislocated to the cytosol by 7β-hydroxycholesterol, which entailed the induction of the chaperones of Hsp70 and CHIP and the increased colocalization of ubiquitin and proteasomes. Taken together, asaronic acid attenuated the induction of the UPR-associated sensors and the dislocation-linked transmembrane components in the ER. Conversely, this compound enhanced the proteasomal degradation of dislocated non-native proteins in concert with the chaperones of Hsp70 and CHIP through ubiquitination. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrate that asaronic acid may be a potent atheroprotective agent as a natural chaperone targeting ER stress-associated macrophage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Soo-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Woojin Na
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Korea.
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The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin on Metabolic Diseases: Pharmacological Data and Clinical Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678662. [PMID: 34257817 PMCID: PMC8249127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become major public health issues worldwide. Searching for effective drugs for treating metabolic diseases from natural compounds has attracted increasing attention. Quercetin, an important natural flavonoid, is extensively present in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. Due to its potentially beneficial effects on human health, quercetin has become the focus of medicinal attention. In this review, we provide a timely and comprehensive summary of the pharmacological advances and clinical data of quercetin in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidences obtained from animal experiments prove that quercetin has beneficial effects on these three diseases. It can promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, lower blood lipid levels, inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation, and regulate gut microbiota disorders in animal models. However, human clinical studies on the effects of quercetin in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and NAFLD remain scarce. More clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer trial durations are needed to verify its true effectiveness in human subjects. Moreover, another important issue that needs to be resolved in future research is to improve the bioavailability of quercetin. This review may provide valuable information for the basic research, drug development, and clinical application of quercetin in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Atherosclerosis and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9270107. [PMID: 32963706 PMCID: PMC7499294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9270107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It occurs due to various pathological factors that interfere with ER homeostasis, resulting in the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, thereby causing ER dysfunction. Here, we discuss the role of ER stress in different types of cells in atherosclerotic lesions. This discussion includes the activation of apoptotic and inflammatory pathways induced by prolonged ER stress, especially in advanced lesional macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs), as well as common atherosclerosis-related ER stressors in different lesional cells, which all contribute to the clinical progression of atherosclerosis. In view of the important role of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways in atherosclerosis and CVDs, targeting these processes to reduce ER stress may be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis through the regulation of macrophage activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109375. [PMID: 31548175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of ischemic cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. Macrophage activity has been proven to play a critical role during the AS pathological process, which involves the adhesion, aggregation of mononuclear-macrophages, cell differentiation of M1/M2 macrophages as part of complex mechanisms occurring during lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and immune reaction. Therefore, the development of effective AS treatments is likely to target macrophage activity. Certain herbal extracts (such as Salvia miltiorrhiza) have exhibited enormous potential for AS treatment in the past. Here, we aim to provide a summary on the current understanding of the type of action and the underlying target/pathway in macrophage regulation of certain herbal extracts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment of AS.
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Jiang X, Yu J, Wang X, Ge J, Li N. Quercetin improves lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway in early stage diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:827-839. [PMID: 31239739 PMCID: PMC6554005 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s195456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Quercetin, the most widely distributed flavonoid, has been shown to have multiple properties and beneficial effects on various metabolic diseases. Thus, our aim was to investigate the underlying mechanism whereby quercetin regulates renal lipid accumulation and ameliorates early diabetic renal injuries in Leprdb/Leprdb (db/db) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Methods: db/db mice were administered either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg quercetin by oral gavage once a day to evaluate its effects on early stage diabetic nephropathy; mice were sacrificed at the end of the 10th week after intervention; a similar number of db/db and db/m mice were used as controls. During the experimental study, the general status of the animals was observed daily; body weight and blood glucose concentrations were measured at bi-weekly intervals. Biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal function parameters were performed using commercial kits. Early renal histological changes and lipid accumulation were demonstrated by H&E staining and Oil-Red-O staining, respectively. Moreover, the expression of key proteins in the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr)-SREBP-2-SREBP cSCAP signaling pathway in the kidneys of diabetic mice was detected by Western blot assay. Results: Compared with diabetic controls, quercetin not only ameliorated albuminuria and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, but also decreased blood urea nitrogen and glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas it had no remarkable effect on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic db/db mice. Additionally, the evidently down regulated expression of LDLr, HMGCR, SREBP-2, and SCAP subsequently attenuated the renal lipid profile change and lipid droplet accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of renal injury of db/db mice. Conclusion: Quercetin safely and efficiently alleviates early diabetic renal injuries, possibly through improving the lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
- Eodocrinology Department, KunShan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Ganesan P, Arulselvan P, Choi DK. Phytobioactive compound-based nanodelivery systems for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus - current status. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1097-1111. [PMID: 28223801 PMCID: PMC5310641 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic disease that is prevalent worldwide, and it is characterized by an increase in blood glucose, disturbances in the metabolism, and alteration in insulin secretion. Nowadays, food-based therapy has become an important treatment mode for type 2 diabetes, and phytobioactive compounds have gained an increasing amount of attention to this end because they have an effect on multiple biological functions, including the sustained secretion of insulin and regeneration of pancreatic islets cells. However, the poor solubility and lower permeability of these phyto products results in a loss of bioactivity during processing and oral delivery, leading to a significant reduction in the bioavailability of phytobioactive compounds to treat T2DM. Recently, nanotechnological systems have been developed for use as various types of carrier systems to improve the delivery of bioactive compounds and thus obtain a greater bioavailability. Furthermore, carrier systems in most nanodelivery systems are highly biocompatible, with nonimmunologic behavior, a high degree of biodegradability, and greater mucoadhesive strength. Therefore, this review focuses on the various types of nanodelivery systems that can be used for phytobioactive compounds in treating T2DM with greater antidiabetic effects. There is also additional focus on improving the effects of various phytobioactive compounds through nanotechnological delivery to ensure a highly efficient treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Koike A, Shibano M, Mori H, Kohama K, Fujimori K, Amano F. Simultaneous Addition of Shikonin and Its Derivatives with Lipopolysaccharide Induces Rapid Macrophage Death. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:969-76. [PMID: 27251498 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in inflammatory responses. Previous studies showed that various natural products exert antiinflammatory effects by regulating macrophage activation. Recent studies have shown that shikonin (SHK) and its derivatives (β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, acetylshikonin, and isobutylshikonin), which are 1,4-naphthoquinone pigments extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, have various pharmacological, including antiinflammatory and antitumor, effects. Even though there have been many studies on the antiinflammatory activities of SHK derivatives, only a few have described their direct effects on macrophages. We investigated the effects of SHK derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. Low doses of SHK derivatives induced significant macrophage cytotoxicity (mouse macrophage-like J774.1/JA-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages) in the presence of LPS. SHK activated caspases-3 and -7, which led to DNA fragmentation, but this cytotoxicity was prevented through a pan-caspase inhibitor in LPS-treated JA-4 cells. Maximal cytotoxic effects were achieved when SHK was added immediately before LPS addition. These results indicate that SHK derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of LPS-treated macrophages and suggest that SHK acts during an early stage of LPS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Koike
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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13
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Xingyu Z, Peijie M, Dan P, Youg W, Daojun W, Xinzheng C, Xijun Z, Yangrong S. Quercetin suppresses lung cancer growth by targeting Aurora B kinase. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3156-3165. [PMID: 27704720 PMCID: PMC5119971 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
aurora B kinase is highly expressed in several cancer cells and promotes tumorigenesis and progression, and therefore, it is an important target for drug to treat tumors. Quercetin was identified to be an antitumor agent. Herein, we report for the first time that quercetin inhibited aurora B activities by directly binding with aurora B in vitro and in vivo. Ex vivo studies showed that quercetin inhibited aurora B activities in JB6 Cl41 cells and A549 lung cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of aurora B in A549 cells decreased their sensitivities to quercetin. In vivo study demonstrated that injection of quercetin in A549 tumor‐bearing mice effectively suppressed cancer growth. The phosphorylation of histone 3 in tumor tissues was also decreased after quercetin treatment. In short, quercetin can suppress growth of lung cancer cells as an aurora B inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xingyu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Ma Peijie
- Department of Pharmacy, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, 721008, China
| | - Peng Dan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Wang Youg
- Department of Chest Surgery, Ankang Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, Shanxi, 725000, China
| | - Wang Daojun
- Department of Chest Surgery, Ankang Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Ankang, Shanxi, 725000, China
| | - Chen Xinzheng
- Department of Nephrological, Baoji city chinese medicine hospital, Baoji, 721001, China
| | - Zhang Xijun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chang 'an Hospital in Xi'an, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710016, China
| | - Song Yangrong
- Department of Chest Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shannxi Province, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
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Cho YH, Kim NH, Khan I, Yu JM, Jung HG, Kim HH, Jang JY, Kim HJ, Kim DI, Kwak JH, Kang SC, An BJ. Anti-inflammatory Potential of Quercetin-3-O-β-D-(“2”-galloyl)-glucopyranoside and Quercetin Isolated from Diospyros kaki
calyx via Suppression of MAP Signaling Molecules in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2447-C2456. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hun Cho
- Dept. of Cosmeceutical Science; DaeguHanny Univ; Gyeongsan 712-715 Korea
| | - Na-Hyung Kim
- Dept. of Oriental Pharmacy; Wonkwang Uni; Iksan-city Jeonbuk 570-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Daegu Univ; Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myo Yu
- Dept. of Cosmeceutical Science; DaeguHanny Univ; Gyeongsan 712-715 Korea
- Korea Promotion Inst. for Traditional Medicine Industry; Gyeongsan 712-260 Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Jung
- Center for Functional Connectomics; Korea Inst. of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Kim
- Advanced Medical Fusion Textile Center; Gyeongbuk Technopark Foundation; Gyeongsan 7I2-2I0 Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Jang
- Korea Promotion Inst. for Traditional Medicine Industry; Gyeongsan 712-260 Korea
| | | | - Dong-in Kim
- Korea Promotion Inst. for Traditional Medicine Industry; Gyeongsan 712-260 Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kwak
- Korea Promotion Inst. for Traditional Medicine Industry; Gyeongsan 712-260 Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Dept. of Biotechnology; Daegu Univ; Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jeun An
- Korea Promotion Inst. for Traditional Medicine Industry; Gyeongsan 712-260 Korea
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15
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Physiology and pathophysiology of oxLDL uptake by vascular wall cells in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:1-7. [PMID: 27256928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease in which endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, lead to the loss of vascular homeostasis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) may play a pre-eminent function in atherosclerotic lesion formation, even if their role is still debated. Several types of scavenger receptors (SRs) such as SR-AI/II, SRBI, CD36, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), toll-like receptors (TLRs) and others can promote the internalization of oxLDL. They are expressed on the surface of vascular wall cells (endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells) and they mediate the cellular effects of oxLDL. The key influence of both oxLDL and SRs on the atherogenic process has been established in atherosclerosis-prone animals, in which antioxidant treatment and/or silencing of SRs has been shown to reduce atherogenesis. Despite some discrepancies, the indication from cohort studies that there is an association between oxLDL and cardiovascular (CV) events seems to point toward a role for oxLDL in atherosclerotic plaque progress and disruption. Finally, randomized clinical trials using antioxidants have demonstrated benefits only in high-risk patients, suggesting that additional proofs are still needed to better define the involvement of each type of modified LDL in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Park SH, Kang MK, Choi YJ, Kim YH, Antika LD, Lim SS, Kang YH. Dietary compound α-asarone alleviates ER stress-mediated apoptosis in 7β-hydroxycholesterol-challenged macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1033-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Hallym University; Chuncheon Korea
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