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Ho TJ, Tsai WT, Wu JR, Chen HP. Biological Activities of Deer Antler-Derived Peptides on Human Chondrocyte and Bone Metabolism. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:434. [PMID: 38675396 PMCID: PMC11053545 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Orally administered "tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin" is a common traditional medicine for patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. From the pepsin-digested gelatin, we previously isolated and identified the osteoblast-stimulating pentapeptide, TSKYR. Its trypsin digestion products include the dipeptide YR, enhancing calcium ion uptake, and tripeptide TSK, resulting in remarkable 30- and 50-fold increases in mineralized nodule area and density in human osteoblast cells. These peptides were chemically synthesized in this study. The composition of deer antler preparations comprises not only proteins and peptides but also a significant quantity of metal ion salts. By analyzing osteoblast growth in the presence of peptide YR and various metal ions, we observed a synergistic effect of calcium and strontium on the effects of YR. Those peptides could also stimulate the growth of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human chondrocytes, increasing collagen and glycosaminoglycan content in a three-dimensional environment. The maintenance of bone homeostasis relies on a balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Deer antler peptides were observed to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, as evidenced by ROS generation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity assays, and gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, our findings provide a deep understanding of the efficacy of this folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.T.)
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.T.)
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.T.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan; (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
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Xing X, Han Y, Cheng H. Biomedical applications of chitosan/silk fibroin composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124407. [PMID: 37060984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers have been used in the biomedical fields for decades, mainly derived from animals and plants with high similarities with biomacromolecules in the human body. As an alkaline polysaccharide, chitosan (CS) attracts much attention in tissue regeneration and drug delivery with favorable biocompatibility, biodegradation, and antibacterial activity. However, to overcome its mechanical properties and degradation behavior drawbacks, a robust fibrous protein-silk fibroin (SF) was introduced to prepare the CS/SF composites. Not only can CS be combined with SF via the amide and hydrogen bond formation, but also their functions are complementary and tunable with the blending ratio. To further improve the performances of CS/SF composites, natural (e.g., hyaluronic acid and collagen) and synthetic biopolymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol and hexanone) were incorporated. Also, the CS/SF composites acted as slow-release carriers for inorganic non-metals (e.g., hydroxyapatite and graphene) and metal particles (e.g., silver and magnesium), which could enhance cell functions, facilitate tissue healing, and inhibit bacterial growth. This review presents the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of different biomaterials combined with CS/SF composites as sponges, hydrogels, membranes, particles, and coatings. Emphasis is devoted to the biological potentialities of these hybrid systems, which look rather promising toward a multitude of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xing
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Yu Han
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Ho TJ, Lin JH, Lin SZ, Tsai WT, Wu JR, Chen HP. Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides in Human Bone Cells from Tortoiseshell and Deer Antler Gelatin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021759. [PMID: 36675272 PMCID: PMC9861678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin has been used to treat bone diseases in Chinese society. A pepsin-digested gelatin peptide with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties was identified via LC-MS/MS. The resulting pentapeptide, TSKYR, was presumably subjected to further degradation into TSKY, TSK, and YR fragments in the small intestine. The above four peptides were chemically synthesized. Treatment of tripeptide TSK can lead to a significant 30- and 50-fold increase in the mineralized nodule area and density in osteoblast cells and a 47.5% increase in the number of chondrocyte cells. The calcium content in tortoiseshell was relatively higher than in human soft tissue. The synergistic effects of calcium ions and the peptides were observed for changes in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, these peptides can enhance the expression of RUNX2, OCN, FGFR2, and FRFR3 genes in osteoblasts, and aggrecan and collagen type II in chondrocyte (patent pending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Shinn Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970473, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.)
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Liu M, Xu Z. Berberine Promotes the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Alveolar Osteoblasts through Regulating the Expression of miR-214. Pharmacology 2020; 106:70-78. [PMID: 32688361 DOI: 10.1159/000508972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Alveolar osteoblasts have critical functions during alveolar bone regeneration. Berberine (BBR) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to play important roles in regulating osteoblast differentiation. The study aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of BBR in osteogenic differentiation of human alveolar osteoblasts (HAOBs) and determine miR-214 expression in the process. METHODS Healthy human alveolar bones were cultured in vitro and prepared for morphological observation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The third generation of HAOBs was used for cell transfection and treated by different concentrations of BBR. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the effect of BBR and increased miR-214 on the proliferation of HAOBs. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and miR-214 level, respectively. RESULTS The ALP staining results were positive, indicating that cultured cells were HAOBs. Different concentrations of BBR significantly promoted the proliferation of HAOBs and increased the expression levels of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osterix (OSX). Moreover, the expression of miR-214 was reduced as BBR concentrations increased, and the increase of miR-214 reversed the BBR-induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of HAOBs. CONCLUSION BBR could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of HAOBs through downregulating the expression of miR-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengmao Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China,
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Gao Y, Yuan M, Manthari RK, Wang J, Wang J. TGF-β1 acts as mediator in fluoride-induced autophagy in the mouse osteoblast cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cai Y, Tong S, Zhang R, Zhu T, Wang X. In vitro evaluation of a bone morphogenetic protein‑2 nanometer hydroxyapatite collagen scaffold for bone regeneration. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5830-5836. [PMID: 29436646 PMCID: PMC5866027 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold fabrication and biocompatibility are crucial for successful bone tissue engineering. Nanometer hydroxyapatite (nHAP) combined with collagen (COL) is frequently utilized as a suitable osseous scaffold material. Furthermore, growth factors, including bone morphogenetic protein‑2 (BMP‑2), are used to enhance the scaffold properties. The present study used blending and freeze‑drying methods to develop a BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold. An ELISA was performed to determine the BMP‑2 release rate from the scaffold. Flow cytometry was used to identify rat bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) prior to their combination with the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the scaffold structure and BMSC morphology following seeding onto the scaffold. BMSCs were also used to assess the biological compatibility of the scaffold in vitro. BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL and nHAP‑COL scaffolds were assessed alongside the appropriate control groups. Cells were counted to determine early cell adhesion. Cell Counting kit‑8 and alkaline phosphatase assays were used to detect cell proliferation and differentiation, respectively. Gross morphology confirmed that the BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold microstructure conformed to the optimal characteristics of a bone tissue engineering scaffold. Furthermore, the BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold exhibited no biological toxicity and was demonstrated to promote BMSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The BMP‑2‑nHAP‑COL scaffold had good biocompatibility in vitro, and may therefore be modified further to construct an optimized scaffold for future bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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Cai Y, Tan X, Zhao L, Zhang R, Zhu T, Du Y, Wang X. Synthesis of a Novel bFGF/nHAP/COL Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold for Mandibular Defect Regeneration in a Rabbit Model. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Xuexin Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Li Zhao
- The affiliated Zhongshan Hospital Dalian University
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research
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Weigand A, Beier JP, Schmid R, Knorr T, Kilian D, Götzl R, Gerber T, Horch RE, Boos AM. Bone Tissue Engineering Under Xenogeneic-Free Conditions in a Large Animal Model as a Basis for Early Clinical Applicability. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:208-222. [PMID: 27998239 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, researchers have been developing a range of promising strategies in bone tissue engineering with the aim of producing a significant clinical benefit over existing therapies. However, a major problem concerns the traditional use of xenogeneic substances for the expansion of cells, which complicates direct clinical transfer. The study's aim was to establish a totally autologous sheep model as a basis for further preclinical studies and future clinical application. Ovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were cultivated in different concentrations (0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 25%) of either autologous serum (AS) or fetal calf serum (FCS). With an increase of serum concentration, enhanced metabolic activity and proliferation could be observed. There were minor differences between MSC cultivated in AS or FCS, comparing gene and protein expression of osteogenic and stem cell markers, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation. MSC implanted subcutaneously in the sheep model, together with a nanostructured bone substitute, either in stable block or moldable putty form, induced similar vascularization and remodeling of the bone substitute irrespective of cultivation of MSC in AS or FCS and osteogenic differentiation. The bone substitute in block form together with MSC proved particularly advantageous in the induction of ectopic bone formation compared to the cell-free control and putty form. It could be demonstrated that AS is suitable for replacement of FCS for cultivation of ovine MSC for bone tissue engineering purposes. Substantial progress has been made in the development of a strictly xenogeneic-free preclinical animal model to bring future clinical application of bone tissue engineering strategies within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Weigand
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Schmid
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Knorr
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Kilian
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Götzl
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerber
- 2 Institute of Physics, University of Rostock , Rostock, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja M Boos
- 1 Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen, Germany
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