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García-Padilla C, Lozano-Velasco E, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, García-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. miR-1 as a Key Epigenetic Regulator in Early Differentiation of Cardiac Sinoatrial Region. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6608. [PMID: 38928314 PMCID: PMC11204236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A large diversity of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs and histones modifications, are known to be capable of regulating gene expression without altering DNA sequence itself. In particular, miR-1 is considered the first essential microRNA in cardiac development. In this study, miR-1 potential role in early cardiac chamber differentiation was analyzed through specific signaling pathways. For this, we performed in chick embryos functional experiments by means of miR-1 microinjections into the posterior cardiac precursors-of both primitive endocardial tubes-committed to sinoatrial region fates. Subsequently, embryos were subjected to whole mount in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis. As a relevant novelty, our results revealed that miR-1 increased Amhc1, Tbx5 and Gata4, while this microRNA diminished Mef2c and Cripto expressions during early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region. Furthermore, we observed in this developmental context that miR-1 upregulated CrabpII and Rarß and downregulated CrabpI, which are three crucial factors in the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Interestingly, we also noticed that miR-1 directly interacted with Hdac4 and Calm1/Calmodulin, as well as with Erk2/Mapk1, which are three key factors actively involved in Mef2c regulation. Our study shows, for the first time, a key role of miR-1 as an epigenetic regulator in the early differentiation of the cardiac sinoatrial region through orchestrating opposite actions between retinoic acid and Mef2c, fundamental to properly assign cardiac cells to their respective heart chambers. A better understanding of those molecular mechanisms modulated by miR-1 will definitely help in fields applied to therapy and cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.G.-P.); (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
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2
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Yang Y, Yang H, Lian X, Yang S, Shen H, Wu S, Wang X, Lyu G. Circulating microRNA: Myocardium-derived prenatal biomarker of ventricular septal defects. Front Genet 2022; 13:899034. [PMID: 36035156 PMCID: PMC9403759 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.899034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) from maternal blood and amniotic fluid have been used as biomarkers for ventricular septal defect (VSD) diagnosis. However, whether circulating miRNAs are associated with fetal myocardium remains unknown.Methods: Dimethadione (DMO) induced a VSD rat model. The miRNA expression profiles of the myocardium, amniotic fluid and maternal serum were analyzed. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-microRNAs) were verified by qRT–PCR. The target gene of miR-1-3p was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assays. Expression of amniotic fluid-derived DE-microRNAs was verified in clinical samples.Results: MiRNAs were differentially expressed in VSD fetal rats and might be involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation and apoptosis. MiR-1-3p, miR-1b and miR-293-5p were downregulated in the myocardium and upregulated in amniotic fluid/maternal serum. The expression of amniotic fluid-derived DE-microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-206 and miR-184) was verified in clinical samples. Dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-1-3p directly targeted SLC8A1/NCX1.Conclusion: MiR-1-3p, miR-1b and miR-293-5p are downregulated in VSD myocardium and upregulated in circulation and may be released into circulation by cardiomyocytes. MiR-1-3p targets SLC8A1/NCX1 and participates in myocardial apoptosis. MiR-1-3p upregulation in circulation is a direct and powerful indicator of fetal VSD and is expected to serve as a prenatal VSD diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hainan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xihua Lian
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shuping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haolin Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shufen Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guorong Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Guorong Lyu,
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Liu ZQ, Cheng M, Fu F, Li R, Han J, Yang X, Deng Q, Li LS, Lei TY, Li DZ, Liao C. Identification of differential microRNAs and messenger RNAs resulting from ASXL transcriptional regulator 3 knockdown during during heart development. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9948-9961. [PMID: 35435106 PMCID: PMC9161854 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. Although ASXL transcriptional regulator 3 (ASXL3) has been reported to cause hereditary CHD, ASXL3-mediated mechanisms in heart development remain unclear. In this study, we used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to induce differentiation in P19 cells, observed cell morphology using light microscopy after ASXL3 knockdown, and determined the levels of associated myocardial cell markers using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Subsequently, we used microRNA sequencing, messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing, and bioinformatics to initially identify the possible mechanisms through which ASXL3-related microRNAs and mRNAs affect heart development. The results indicated that DMSO induced P19 cell differentiation, which could be inhibited by ASXL3 knockdown. We screened 1214 and 1652 differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, through ASXL3 knockdown and sequencing; these differentially expressed miRNAs were largely enriched in PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Rap1 signaling pathways. Additionally, 11 miRNAs associated with heart development were selected through a literature review. Our analysis indicated the involvement of mmu-miR-323-3p in P19 cell differentiation through the PI3K-Akt pathway. In conclusion, ASXL3 may be involved in the regulation of heart development. This comprehensive study of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs through ASXL3 knockdown in P19 cells provides new insights that may aid the prevention and treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qun Liu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Mi Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Lu-Shan Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Ting-Ying Lei
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
| | - Can Liao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, GuangzhouGuangdong, China
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Liu M, López de Juan Abad B, Cheng K. Cardiac fibrosis: Myofibroblast-mediated pathological regulation and drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:504-519. [PMID: 33831476 PMCID: PMC8299409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in heart diseases. After initial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) that are major mediator cells in the pathological remodeling. MyoFbs exhibit proliferative and secretive characteristics, and contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, collagen deposition. The persistent functions of myoFbs lead to fibrotic scars and cardiac dysfunction. The anti-fibrotic treatment is hindered by the elusive mechanism of fibrosis and lack of specific targets on myoFbs. In this review, we will outline the progress of cardiac fibrosis and its contributions to the heart failure. We will also shed light on the role of myoFbs in the regulation of adverse remodeling. The communication between myoFbs and other cells that are involved in the heart injury and repair respectively will be reviewed in detail. Then, recently developed therapeutic strategies to treat fibrosis will be summarized such as i) chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy with an optimal target on myoFbs, ii) direct reprogramming from stem cells to quiescent CFs, iii) "off-target" small molecular drugs. The application of nano/micro technology will be discussed as well, which is involved in the construction of cell-based biomimic platforms and "pleiotropic" drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Liu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Blanca López de Juan Abad
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA.
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6
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Long R, Gao L, Li Y, Li G, Qin P, Wei Z, Li D, Qian C, Li J, Yang G. M2 macrophage-derived exosomes carry miR-1271-5p to alleviate cardiac injury in acute myocardial infarction through down-regulating SOX6. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:26-35. [PMID: 34058620 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has indicated that exosomes serve as key regulators in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was determined to investigate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) in AMI and the further mechanism. METHODS M2 macrophages were induced and M2-exos were isolated and verified. The AMI mouse model was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and then intravenously injected with the isolated M2-exos. The mouse cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and TUNEL assay were conducted to examine myocardial lesion and apoptosis in cardiac tissues. The expressions of associated molecules were detected by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. MTT assay, Flow cytometry and Dual-luciferase reporter assay were carried out to detect cell viability, apoptosis and the interaction of miRNA and the target. RESULT M2-Exos could promote cardiac repair in AMI mice. M2-Exos suppressed apoptosis and enhanced viability of hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes through delivery of miR-1271-5p. SOX6 is a direct target of miR-1271-5p. miR-1271-5p decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia and alleviated cardiac injury in AMI via down-regulating SOX6 expression. CONCLUSION We identified that M2-Exos could carry miR-1271-5p to reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and promote cardiac repair via down-regulating SOX6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Long
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guojie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Deng Z, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Jiang W, Jiang L. MicroRNA expression profiling involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity using high-throughput deep-sequencing analysis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:560. [PMID: 34093775 PMCID: PMC8170198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are sensitive biomarkers and endogenous repressors of gene expression by decreasing mRNA stability and interfering with mRNA translation. Despite a number of investigations revealing the dysregulation of miRNA expression associated with cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (Dox), perturbation of miRNAs directly resulting from Dox at early stage in cardiomyocytes and the target gene interaction remain largely unknown. In the present study, high-throughput deep-sequencing was used to analyze changes in global miRNA expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to 5 µg/ml Dox for 0, 12 or 24 h. Compared with the 0-h time point, the expression levels of 386 unique miRNAs were altered. Based on miRNA expression and fold-change, the target genes of 76 selected miRNAs were further analyzed using gene interaction networks and pathway enrichment analysis. These miRNAs were involved in the regulation of different pathways, whose functions included apoptosis, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. These differentially expressed miRNAs included let-7 family, miR-29b-3p, miR-378-3/5p, miR-351-3p, miR-664-3p, miR-455-3p, miR-298-3p, miR-702-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-671 and miR-421-5p. The present data indicated that global wide miRNA profiling in Dox-induced cardiomyocytes may provide a novel mechanistic insight into understanding Dox-induced heart failure and cardiotoxicity, as well as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Zhoufeng Deng
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.
Main body
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.
These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.
Conclusion
The multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
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Zhu Z, Li H, Chen W, Cui Y, Huang A, Qi X. Perindopril Improves Cardiac Function by Enhancing the Expression of SIRT3 and PGC-1α in a Rat Model of Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32153406 PMCID: PMC7046591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biosynthesis regulated by the PGC-1α-NRF1-TFAM pathway is considered a novel potential therapeutic target to treat heart failure (HF). Perindopril (PER) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has proven efficacy in the prevention of HF; however, its mechanism is not well established. In this study, to investigate the mechanisms of PER in cardiac protection, a rat model of cardiomyopathy was established by continuous isoproterenol (ISO) stimulation. Changes in the body weight, heart weight index, echocardiography, histological staining, mitochondrial microstructure, and biochemical indicators were examined. Our results demonstrate that PER reduced myocardial remodeling, inhibited deterioration of cardiac function, and delayed HF onset in rats with ISO-induced cardiomyopathy. PER markedly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, inhibited mitochondrial structural destruction and increases the number of mitochondria, improved the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and promoted ATP production in myocardial tissues. In addition, PER inhibited cytochrome C release in mitochondria and caspase-3 activation in the cytosol, thereby reducing the apoptosis of myocardial cells. Notably, PER remarkably up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in myocardial cells. Collectively, our results suggest that PER induces mitochondrial biosynthesis-mediated enhancement of SIRT3 and PGC-1α expression, thereby improving the cardiac function in rats with ISO-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihui Li
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yameng Cui
- School of Graduate Studies, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anan Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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10
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Xu J, Cao D, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Yue Y. MicroRNA-1 facilitates hypoxia-induced injury by targeting NOTCH3. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4458-4469. [PMID: 32030815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy have been reported to be related to myocardial ischemia injury. MicroRNAs have attracted wide attention on regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. miR-1 expression has been reported to be dysregulated in cardiac tissue or cells with hypoxia, while the exact roles as well as underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of miR-1 in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in hypoxia-treated cardiac injury and explored the underlying mechanism using H9c2 cells. Results showed that hypoxic stimulation inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of miR-1 but promoted cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-1 promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and autophagy in H9c2 cells treated with hypoxia, while its knockdown played an opposite effect. In addition, bioinformatics, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses indicated that NOTCH3 was a direct target of miR-1 and its upregulation reversed the effects of miR-1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells. Taken together, our data suggested that miR-1 promoted hypoxia-induced injury by targeting NOTCH3, indicating novel therapeutic targets for treatment of myocardial ischemia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daping Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yuxia Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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11
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Gan J, Tang FMK, Su X, Lu G, Xu J, Lee HSS, Lee KKH. microRNA-1 inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation in mouse neonatal hearts by repressing CCND1 expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:455. [PMID: 31700891 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The functions of microRNA-1 (miR-1) in cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyocyte differentiation have been investigated. However, the mechanism on how miR-1 could repress cardiomyocyte proliferation has not been fully elucidated. Methods We address this issue by investigating whether miR-1 affected the proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocyte and identify some of the genes targeted by miR-1. miR-1 was over-expressed in neonatal cardiomyocytes and the effect on cell cycle and growth were analyzed by flow cytometry and Brdu-incorporation assay. Relevant vectors carrying the luciferase reporter were constructed for validation of miR-1 binding to its matching sites on the 3'-untranslated region of the predicated target mRNAs. Cardiomyocytes were co-transfected with the vectors and miR-1 mimics, then luciferase reporter assay was performed. Lastly, we examined the expression of target genes in cardiomyocytes after transfection with miR-1 mimics, as well as their normal expression pattern in 2- and 13-day-old mice hearts. Results We have demonstrated that miR-1 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA in 13-day-old mouse hearts compared with 2-day-old hearts. We also showed that miR-1 could repress cardiomyocyte G1/S phase transition, proliferation and viability. IGF1 and CCND1 were identified as candidate target genes regulated by miR-1. In addition, overexpression of miR-1 could suppress the expression of these two genes at the mRNA level. It could also correspondingly inhibit CCND1 expression at the protein level but not for IGF1. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-1 plays an important role in inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation in the developing neonatal mouse heart by directly suppressing the cell-cycle regulator, CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Florence Mei Kuen Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianwei Su
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Henry Siu Sum Lee
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Chinese University of Hong Kong-University of Southampton Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Shi Y, Han Y, Niu L, Li J, Chen Y. MiR-499 inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting SOX6. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:837-847. [PMID: 31076992 PMCID: PMC6551346 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective MiR-499 has been reported to be expressed only in cardiomyocytes, and its expression would increase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). miR-499 plays a role in the process of cardiomyocytes injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), however, it still remains unclear. Results Hypoxia inhibited miR-499-5p expression and H/R induced apoptosis. SOX6 was a target gene of miR-499-5p, and high expression of miR-499-5p inhibited the expression of SOX6. MiR-499-5p reduced H9c2 cells injury by inhibiting the expression of SOX6, overexpression of which could reverse the effect of miR-499-5p on H9c2 cells. MiR-499-5p inhibited the levels of LDH and MDA, while overexpression of miR-499-5p inhibited H/R-induced cell apoptosis. MiR-499-5p could up-regulate the level of Bcl-2 and down-regulate the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. However, SOX6 partially reversed these effects of miR-499-5p. Conclusion We proved that miR-499-5p inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting SOX6. Our results suggested that miR-499-5p/SOX6 pathway may present a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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13
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Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental observations tend to prove that environment, lifestyle or nutritional challenges influence heart functions together with genetic factors. Furthermore, when occurring during sensitive windows of heart development, these environmental challenges can induce an 'altered programming' of heart development and shape the future heart disease risk. In the etiology of heart diseases driven by environmental challenges, epigenetics has been highlighted as an underlying mechanism, constituting a bridge between environment and heart health. In particular, micro-RNAs which are involved in each step of heart development and functions seem to play a crucial role in the unfavorable programming of heart diseases. This review describes the latest advances in micro-RNA research in heart diseases driven by early exposure to challenges and discusses the use of micro-RNAs as potential targets in the reversal of the pathophysiology.
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Chen L, Guan J, Wei Q, Yuan Z, Zhang M. Potential role of "omics" technique in prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:185-190. [PMID: 29649453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects and is the leading cause of neonatal death. Currently, there are no biomarkers available for prenatal diagnosis of CHD. Clinical strategies to diagnose CHD mostly depend on fetal echocardiography. Recent advances in "omics" techniques have opened up new possibilities for biomarker discoveries. In this review, we discuss recent advances in prenatal detection of CHD using biomarkers obtained by "omics" approaches, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and others. There is great potential in obtaining various kinds of parameters using "omics" studies to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Johnny Guan
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qiuju Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China..
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15
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world. The limited regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is the major barrier for heart regeneration. After myocardial infarction, myofibroblasts are the dominant cell type in the infarct zone. Therefore, it is a good idea to reprogram terminally differentiated myofibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells directly, providing a good strategy to simultaneously reduce scar tissue and increase functional cardiomyocytes. Transcription factors were first identified to reprogram myofibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Thereafter, microRNAs and/or small molecules showed great potential to optimize the reprogramming process. Here, we systemically summarize and compare the major progress in directed cardiac reprogramming including transcription factors and miRNAs, especially the small molecules. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges needed to be overcome to apply this strategy clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Chen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Building 1, Room 1628, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, China.
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