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Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang C, Lan T, Wang T, Wang B. Knockdown of BAP31 Downregulates Galectin-3 to Inhibit the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway to Modulate 5-FU Chemosensitivity and Cancer Stemness in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14402. [PMID: 37762705 PMCID: PMC10532080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased stemness is causally linked to the development of chemoresistance in cancers. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been identified to play an oncogenic role in many types of cancer. However, the role of BAP31 in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity and stemness of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of BAP31 in regulating 5-FU chemosensitivity and stemness. The correlation between BAP31 expression and 5-FU chemosensitivity was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Cancer stemness was analyzed using tumor sphere formation and Western blot assays. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses of the knockdown cell lines were performed to explore the possible mechanisms. Finally, we investigated the function of BAP31 by constructing xenograft nude mouse models in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that BAP31 was increased in CRC cells, and knockdown of BAP31 reduced the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5-FU, while this effect was reversed by overexpression of BAP31. In addition, knockdown of BAP31 substantially reduced the stemness of CRC cells in vitro. Consistently, knockdown of BAP31 significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and stemness of CRC in vivo. The functional study further suggested that knockdown of BAP31 downregulated galectin-3 to inhibit the accumulation of β-catenin, which in turn repressed the transcription of downstream target genes (c-MYC, SOX2) of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Knockdown of BAP31 reduced stemness by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to increase 5-FU chemosensitivity. Importantly, intrabodies against BAP31 suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-FU in vivo. Therefore, using intrabodies against BAP31 may be a strategy for improving the antitumor effect of 5-FU in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianyi Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (J.L.); (Q.Z.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (T.L.)
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2
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Jin C, Shi L, Xie Y, Sun X, Li P, Zhu X, Dai Q, Yang F, Xie X, Qin L. Oct4 reduction contributes to testicular injury of unilateral testicular torsion in mice model and apoptotic death of Sertoli cells through mediating CIP2A expression. Gene 2023; 860:147214. [PMID: 36690227 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the mechanism of ipsilateral testis injury after ipsilateral testicular torsion detorsion (T/D) and the potential testis-protective part of the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4)-cancerous inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) axis in a T/D animal model and in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-treated testicular Sertoli TM4 cells. Quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot (WB) confirmed the downregulation of both CIP2A and Oct4 expression in the testicular tissue from T/D mice compared with sham-operated mice. T/D model was then established in mice with upregulated Oct4 expression in the testis. Oct4 elevation restored CIP2A expression in testes after T/D treatment. Furthermore, we observed that an increase in Oct4 ameliorated the testicular damage caused by torsion in the testis. Biochemical analysis indicated that T/D treatment increased serum anti-sperm antibody levels, but reduced testosterone levels. Meanwhile, in testicular tissue, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of testicular myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes were promoted, while glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was decreased by T/D injury. Notably, testicular Oct4 restoration partially counteracted the effect of T/D treatment on these biochemical indices. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) treatment was applied to TM4 cells to mimic TT injury in vitro. A gain-of-function study showed that Oct4 overexpression partly counteracted the promoting role of HR in cell damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in TM4 cells. These observations provide novel insights into the possible biochemical mechanism underlying the mediation of the Oct4-CIP2A axis in T/D injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yiting Zhu
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengli Jin
- Department of First Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lingxin Shi
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peizhen Li
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Whenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wenzhou Yongjia County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Bio-XInstitutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Cui G, Wang Z, Liu H, Pang Z. Cytokine-mediated crosstalk between cancer stem cells and their inflammatory niche from the colorectal precancerous adenoma stage to the cancerous stage: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057181. [PMID: 36466926 PMCID: PMC9714270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are thought to arise from precancerous adenomas. Upon exposure to diverse microenvironmental factors, precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) undergo complex genetic/molecular changes and gradually progress to form cancer stem cells (CSCs). Accumulative evidence suggests that the pCSC/CSC niche is an inflammatory dominated milieu that contains different cytokines that function as the key communicators between pCSCs/CSCs and their niche and have a decisive role in promoting CRC development, progression, and metastasis. In view of the importance and increasing data about cytokines in modulating pCSCs/CSC stemness properties and their significance in CRC, this review summarizes current new insights of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33 and interferon (IFN)-γ, involving in the modulation of pCSC/CSC properties and features in precancerous and cancerous lesions and discusses the possible mechanisms of adenoma progression to CRCs and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Medical Imaging, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hanzhe Liu
- School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Pang
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Nagao-Kitamoto H, Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Inflammatory bowel disease and carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:301-316. [PMID: 35416564 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a subtype of CRC associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is well known that individuals with IBD have a 2-3 times higher risk of developing CRC than those who do not, rendering CAC a major cause of death in this group. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of CAC are incompletely understood, animal models of chronic inflammation and human cohort data indicate that changes in the intestinal environment, including host response dysregulation and gut microbiota perturbations, may contribute to the development of CAC. Genomic alterations are a hallmark of CAC, with patterns that are distinct from those in sporadic CRC. The discovery of the biological changes that underlie the development of CAC is ongoing; however, current data suggest that chronic inflammation in IBD increases the risk of developing CAC. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the precise mechanisms by which inflammation triggers genetic alterations and disrupts intestinal homeostasis may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Blood Circulating CD133+ Extracellular Vesicles Predict Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051357. [PMID: 35267665 PMCID: PMC8909146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of blood circulating EVs expressing selected surface proteins in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A recently patented flow cytometry protocol was used for the identification and subtyping of blood circulating EVs in a cohort of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (n = 54) and in a cohort of healthy controls (n = 48). We observed an increased blood concentration of tumor-induced blood circulating EVs in the mCRC cohort as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we show an intriguing link between circulating CD133+ EVs and poor clinical outcomes in patients with mCRC. This study provides novel insights about the potential impact of EVs as a relevant source of candidate biomarkers in mCRC. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most incident and lethal malignancies worldwide. Recent treatment advances prolonged survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, there are still few biomarkers to guide clinical management and treatment selection in mCRC. In this study, we applied an optimized flow cytometry protocol for EV identification, enumeration, and subtyping in blood samples of 54 patients with mCRC and 48 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR) were evaluated in mCRC patients enrolled and treated with a first line fluoropyrimidine-based regimen. Our findings show that patients with mCRC presented considerably higher blood concentrations of total EVs, as well as CD133+ and EPCAM+ EVs compared to HCs. Overall survival analysis revealed that increased blood concentrations of total EVs and CD133+ EVs before treatment were significantly associated with shorter OS in mCRC patients (p = 0.001; and p = 0.0001, respectively). In addition, we observed a correlation between high blood levels of CD133+ EVs at baseline and reduced ORR to first-line systemic therapy (p = 0.045). These findings may open exciting perspectives into the application of novel blood-based EV biomarkers for improved risk stratification and optimized treatment strategies in mCRC.
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Zeng R, Jin C, Zheng C, Li S, Qian S, Pan J, Wang L, Zhao J, Qin L. OCT4 Represses Inflammation and Cell Injury During Orchitis by Regulating CIP2A Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683209. [PMID: 34513828 PMCID: PMC8427512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) are upregulated in testicular cancer and cell lines. However, its contribution to orchitis (testicular inflammation) is unclear and was thus, investigated herein. Cell-based experiments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced orchitis mouse model revealed robust inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and redox disorder in the Leydig (interstitial), Sertoli (supporting), and, germ cells. Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR revealed low OCT4 and CIP2A levels in testicular tissue and LPS-stimulated cells. A gain-of-function study showed that OCT4 overexpression not only increased CIP2A expression but also repressed LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and redox disorder in the aforementioned cells. Furthermore, the re-inhibition of CIP2A expression by TD-19 in OCT4-overexpressing cells counteracted the effects of OCT4 overexpression on inflammation, apoptosis, and redox equilibrium. In addition, our results indicated that the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway was mediated by OCT4 and CIP2A. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanism underlying OCT4- and CIP2A-mediated testicular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengli Jin
- Department of First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zheng
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyue Qian
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingsa Pan
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lvhe Wang
- Department of Second Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Iwaya M, Ota H, Nakajima T, Uehara T, Riddell R, Conner J. Most colitis associated carcinomas lack expression of LGR5: a preliminary study with implications for unique pathways of carcinogenesis compared to sporadic colorectal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33541282 PMCID: PMC7863293 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a component of the Wnt receptor complex, is thought to lineage label gastric and intestinal stem cells. LGR5 expression is increased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) compared to normal tissue. Colitis associated colorectal adenocarcinoma (CAC) often shows distinct morphologic and molecular phenotypes compared to sporadic cases. However, the expression profile of LGR5, and by extension the potential role of an intestinal stem cell phenotype, has not been well described in a series of human CAC. Method RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for LGR5 expression on 30 CACs (12 cases with conventional morphology and 18 cases with non-conventional type morphology) from 29 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients was performed and compared the expression profile to a control group of 10 sporadic CRCs. Immunohistochemistry for beta-catenin and SATB2 was performed on the 30 CACs. Result LGR5 was positive in 30% (9/30) of CAC cases and 90% (9/10) of sporadic CRCs (p = 0.002). A large majority (89%) of LGR5 positive CACs were of the conventional histologic type, and conventional type CAC showed a significantly higher LGR5 score (median 3.0; interquartile range 1.75–3.25) than non-conventional type CAC (median 1.5; interquartile range 1.00–2.00) (p = 0.034). CAC with conventional morphology did have a lower level of LGR5 expression than sporadic CRC. Sporadic CRCs showed a significantly higher LGR5 level score than non-conventional type CACs (p < 0.001). Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin was strongly associated with LGR5 expression (p = 0.003), however no significant association was identified between SATB2 expression and LGR5 expression status in CACs. Conclusion These findings suggest that the wider spectrum of tumor morphology in CAC may be associated with absence of a LGR5-expressing intestinal stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Iwaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Robert Riddell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Conner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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8
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Roudi R, Barodabi M, Madjd Z, Roviello G, Corona SP, Panahei M. Expression patterns and clinical significance of the potential cancer stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1788366. [PMID: 32944642 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1788366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important malignancies and causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cancer stem cell markers identification could be helpful to acquire important prognostic information and develop new treatment regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of OCT4 and NANOG in CRC patients and their clinical significance. Totally 359 CRC samples were stained for OCT4 and NANOG expression using tissue microarray. The correlation between their expression and clinical and pathological features was explored. The majority of CRC cases showed low-level expression of OCT4 (80%) and NANOG (75%). Lower expression of OCT4 was more often detected in CRC cases with no vascular involvement (P = .01). Also, a trend found between low level of OCT4 expression and absence of distant metastasis or lymph node involvement (P = .07 and P = .09, respectively). Surprisingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between NANOG expression and cellular differentiation (P = .05). Our combined analysis demonstrated that OCT4 low/NANOG low phenotype has frequently seen in colorectal cancer cases with no vascular invasion (P = .05). Our observations indicated that higher expression of OCT4 and NANOG can confer malignant and aggressive behavior to CRC. Evaluation of the co-expression of these cancer stem cell markers can serve a new diagnostic and prognostic approach in CRC patients. These findings also suggested that simultaneous expression of OCT4 and NANOG can be considered as a therapeutic marker for targeted therapy of CRC, especially in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Barodabi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Silvia Paola Corona
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste
| | - Mahshid Panahei
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Kazama S, Kishikawa J, Tanaka T, Hata K, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S. Immunohistochemical Expression of CD133 and LGR5 in Ulcerative Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia. In Vivo 2019; 33:1279-1284. [PMID: 31280219 PMCID: PMC6689354 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133) and leu cine-rich orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) are the most putative stem cell markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), and are associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. However, the role of CD133 and LGR5 in the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence has not been fully elucidated. We examined the expression of CD133 and LGR5 in ulcerative colitis-associated CRC (UC-CRC; n=20) and UC-associated colorectal dysplasia (n=16) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The rate of CD133-positive cases in UC-CRC was significantly higher than that in dysplasia (p=0.026), but that of LGR5 expression was not. Moreover, LGR5 expression was significantly positively associated with p53 expression (p=0.03), whereas CD133 expression positively correlated with p53 expression, but not significantly (p=0.10). CONCLUSION CD133 may play an important role in tumor development in the context of the inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. LGR5-positive cancer stem cells may play a critical role in the development of UC-CRC, particularly upon loss of p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kazama
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Picot T, Kesr S, Wu Y, Aanei CM, Flandrin-Gresta P, Tondeur S, Tavernier E, Wattel E, Guyotat D, Campos L. Potential Role of OCT4 in Leukemogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1637-1647. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Picot
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Sanae Kesr
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Yuenv Wu
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Carmen Mariana Aanei
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Flandrin-Gresta
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Tondeur
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tavernier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eric Wattel
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Guyotat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
- Département d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lydia Campos
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, UMR 5239, Lyon, France
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11
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Javanbakht M, Akhavanmoghadam J, Talaei AJ, Aghyani M, Mozafari M, Khedmat L, Mohebbi M. Differential expression of two genes Oct-4 and MUC5AC associates with poor outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1099-1105. [PMID: 28762513 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most frequent leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide that is linked to poor prognosis due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the MUC5AC and Oct-4 expression levels in GC and to assess their association with clinical factors. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) and qRT-PCR were performed in GC patients to examine the MUC5AC and Oct-4 expression levels. The mRNA level of MUC5AC was significantly decreased in tumour tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues (1.11 ± 0.69 vs 3.7 ± 0.71; P = .024). On the other hand, Oct-4 mRNA level was upregulated in tumour tissues as compared to normal tissues (2. 86 ± 0.78 vs 0.87 ± 0.54; P = .0015). Decreased expression of MUC5AC was detected in 27 patients (67.5%), while high to moderate expression levels were observed in 13 cases (32.5%), but in normal tissues the expression levels of MUC5AC were increased (P = .001). The decreased expression of MUC5AC was associated with aggressive tumour characteristics, such as TNM stage (P = .023), histologic type (P = .012) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001). High expression of Oct-4 was detected in 24 tumour tissues (60%), while 16 cases (40%) showed low expression level. Increased Oct-4 expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics such TNM stage (P = .002), histologic type (P = .008) and lymph node metastasis (P = .001). Our results showed that high Oct-4 expression and the reduction of MUC5AC expression may be involved in the progression and an unfavorable prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Javanbakht
- School of Medicine Science, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran
| | - Jamal Akhavanmoghadam
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Amir Jouya Talaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Science, Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghyani
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mozafari
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran.,Graduated from Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Department of Social Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohebbi
- General practitioner (GP), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Tehran and Tabriz, Iran
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Mirzaei MR, Mahmoodi M, Hassanshahi G, Ahmadi Z. Down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes in tumor cell lines is facilitated by suppression of OCT4B1. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:97-102. [PMID: 28235715 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The OCT4B1 as a variant of OCT4 is expressed in both cancer cells and tissues. The anti-apoptotic property of this variant aid cancer cells to escape from apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of OCT4B1 suppression on regulation of 25 genes involved in anti-apoptotic pathway in tumor cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder tumor) and U-87MG (brain tumor) cells were transfected with specific OCT4B1 siRNA and a scramble siRNA by siRNA silencing gene technology, using Lipofectamine 2000 commercial kit. The real-time PCR technique was employed to examine and calculate fold changes of evaluated genes using the 2-ΔΔCT formula. RESULTS Present results demonstrated that 22 (88%) of interested genes were similarly down-regulated in all three examined cell lines. Our results also indicated that three genes (CASP2, IGF1R,TNF) were up-regulated. The CFLAR gene was down-regulated in AGS, while it was inversely up-regulated in 5637 and U87MG cells. CONCLUSIONS It may possibly be concluded that suppression of OCT4B1 can lead to apoptosis in tumor cell lines and this is at least facilitated via down-regulation of examined anti-apoptotic genes. Accordingly, suppression of OCT4B1 may probably be considered as useful tool in cancer therapy and research.
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Toraih EA, Fawzy MS, El-Falouji AI, Hamed EO, Nemr NA, Hussein MH, Abd El Fadeal NM. Stemness-related transcriptional factors and homing gene expression profiles in hepatic differentiation and cancer. Mol Med 2016; 22:653-663. [PMID: 27623812 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transcriptional signature activation is an essential event in the development of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the differential expression profile of three pluripotency-associated genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2), G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and the ligand (CXCL2), and alpha feto-protein (AFP) in hepatogenic differentiated stem cells and in sera of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood were differentiated using hepatogenic differentiation media. Serum specimens were collected from 96 patients (32 cirrhotic HCV, 32 early HCC, and 32 late HCC) and 96 controls. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for relative quantification of the 6 target genes using LIVAC method. In silico network analysis was also executed to explore the pluripotency and tumorigenic regulatory circuits in liver cancer. The expression levels of all genes declined gradually during the stages of stem cell differentiation. On univariate and multivariate analyses, NANOG, CXCR4 and AFP were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients with late clinical stage. In contrast, SOX2 and CXCL2 were markedly over-expressed in cirrhotic patients and could be used for clear demarcation between cirrhotic and HCC patients in our cases. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential role of SOX2 stem cell marker and CXCL2 chemokine in liver cell degeneration and fibrogenesis in HCV-induced hepatic cirrhosis in our sample of the Egyptian population. In addition, the significant association of NANOG and CXCR4 high-expression with late HCC, could contribute to the acquisition of stem cell-like properties in hepatic cancer and dissemination in late stages, respectively. Taken together, our results could have a potential application in HCC prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, P.O. 41522
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, P.O. 41522
| | | | - Elham O Hamed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Nader A Nemr
- Endemic and Infectious diseases Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Noha M Abd El Fadeal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, P.O. 41522
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Mirzaei MR, Asadi M, Mowla SJ, Hassanshahi G, Ahmadi Z. Down-regulation of HSP40 gene family following OCT4B1 suppression in human tumor cell lines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:187-93. [PMID: 27081464 PMCID: PMC4818367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The OCT4B1, as one of OCT4 variants, is expressed in cancer cell lines and tissues more than other variants and plays an important role in apoptosis and stress (heat shock protein) pathways. The present study was designed to determine the effects of OCT4B1 silencing on expressional profile of HSP40 gene family expression in three different human tumor cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OCT4B1 expression was suppressed by specific siRNA transfection in AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder tumor) and U-87MG (brain tumor) cell lines employing Lipofectamine reagent. Real-time PCR array technique was employed for RNA qualification. The fold changes were calculated using RT(2) Profiler PCR array data analysis software version 3.5. RESULTS Our results indicated that fifteen genes (from 36 studied genes) were down-regulated and two genes (DNAJC11 and DNAJC5B) were up-regulated in all three studied tumor cell lines by approximately more than two folds. The result of other studied genes (19 genes) showed different expressional pattern (up or down-expression) based on tumor cell lines. CONCLUSION According to the findings of the present study, we may suggest that there is a direct correlation between OCT4B1 expression in tumor cell lines (and tissues) and HSP40 family gene expressions to escape from apoptosis and cancer expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Mirzaei. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Tel: +98-3434280086; Fax: +98-3434280097; ;
| | - MalekHosein Asadi
- Departments of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Jiang WL, Zhang PF, Li GF, Dong JH, Wang XS, Wang YY. Oct-4 is associated with gastric cancer progression and prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:517-22. [PMID: 26869797 PMCID: PMC4734804 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s90031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the clinical significance of Oct-4 in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze Oct-4 expression in 412 gastric cancer cases. Oct-4 protein levels were upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Results Positive expression of Oct-4 correlated with age, depth of invasion, Lauren classification, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. In stages I, II, and III, the 5-year survival rate of patients with high expression of Oct-4 was significantly lower than that in patients with low expression of Oct-4. In stage IV, Oct-4 expression did not correlate with the 5-year survival rate. Furthermore, multivariate analysis suggested that the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and upregulation of Oct-4 were independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Conclusion Oct-4 protein is a useful marker in predicting tumor progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Feng Li
- Department of Surgery, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Dong
- Department of Surgery, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Department of Surgery, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Mirzaei MR, Kazemi Arababadi M, Asadi MH, Mowla SJ. Altered Expression of High Molecular Weight Heat Shock Proteins after OCT4B1 Suppression in Human Tumor Cell Lines. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:608-16. [PMID: 26862520 PMCID: PMC4746411 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective OCT4B1, a novel variant of OCT4, is expressed in cancer cell lines and tis-
sues. Based on our previous reports, OCT4B1 appears to have a crucial role in regulating
apoptosis as well as stress response [heat shock proteins (HSPs)] pathways. The aim of
the present study was to determine the effects of OCT4B1 silencing on the expression of
high molecular weight HSPs in three different human tumor cell lines.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, OCT4B1 expression was suppressed
in AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma), 5637 (bladder tumor) and U-87MG (brain tumor) cell
lines using RNAi strategy. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was em-
ployed for expression level analysis and the fold changes were calculated using RT2 Pro-
filer PCR array data analysis software version 3.5.
Results Our data revealed up-regulation of HSPD1 (from HSP60 family) as well as
HSPA14, HSPA1L, HSPA4, HSPA5 and HSPA8 (from HSP70 family) following OCT4B1
knock-down in all three cell lines. In contrast, the expression of HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1
(from HSP90 family) as well as HSPA1B and HSPA6 (from HSP70 family) was
down-regulated under similar conditions. Other stress-related genes showed varying ex-
pression pattern in the examined tumor cell lines.
Conclusion Our data suggest a direct or indirect correlation between the expression of
OCT4B1 and HSP90 gene family. However, OCT4B1 expression was not strongly corre-
lated with the expression of HSP70 and HSP60 gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Malek Hossein Asadi
- Departments of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Guo M, Dou J. Advances and perspectives of colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:107-20. [PMID: 26653557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is essentially an environmental and genetic disease featured by uncontrolled cell growth and the capability to invade other parts of the body by forming metastases, which inconvertibly cause great damage to tissues and organs. It has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the developed countries such as United States, and approximately 1.2 million new cases are yearly diagnosed worldwide, with the death rate of more than 600,000 annually and incidence rates are increasing in most developing countries. Apart from the generally accepted theory that pathogenesis of colorectal cancer consists of genetic mutation of a certain target cell and diversifications in tumor microenvironment, the colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) theory makes a different explanation, stating that among millions of colon cancer cells there is a specific and scanty cellular population which possess the capability of self-renewal, differentiation and strong oncogenicity, and is tightly responsible for drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Based on these characteristics, CCSCs are becoming a novel target cells both in the clinical and the basic studies, especially the study of CCSCs vaccines due to induced efficient immune response against CCSCs. This review provides an overview of CCSCs and preparation technics and targeting factors related to CCSCs vaccines in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Sipos F, Constantinovits M, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Műzes G. Association of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor/caudal type homeobox 2 co-expression with mucosal regeneration in active ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8569-8579. [PMID: 26229399 PMCID: PMC4515838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the regeneration-associated stem cell-related phenotype of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor (HGFR)-expressing cells in active ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS: On the whole 38 peripheral blood samples and 38 colonic biopsy samples from 18 patients with histologically proven active UC and 20 healthy control subjects were collected. After preparing tissue microarrays and blood smears HGFR, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), prominin-1 (CD133) and Musashi-1 conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings were performed. Immunostained samples were digitalized using high-resolution Mirax Desk instrument, and analyzed with the Mirax TMA Module software. For semiquantitative counting of immunopositive lamina propria (LP) cells 5 fields of view were counted at magnification × 200 in each sample core, then mean ± SD were determined. In case of peripheral blood smears, 30 fields of view with 100 μm diameter were evaluated in every sample and the number of immunopositive cells (mean ± SD) was determined. Using 337 nm UVA Laser MicroDissection system at least 5000 subepithelial cells from the lamina propria were collected. Gene expression analysis of HGFR, CDX2, CD133, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), Musashi-1 and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were performed in both laser-microdisscted samples and blood samples by using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: By performing conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings confirmed by RT-PCR, higher number of HGFR (blood: 6.7 ± 1.22 vs 38.5 ± 3.18; LP: 2.25 ± 0.85 vs 9.22 ± 0.65; P < 0.05), CDX2 (blood: 0 vs 0.94 ± 0.64; LP: 0.75 ± 0.55 vs 2.11 ± 0.75; P < 0.05), CD133 (blood: 1.1 ± 0.72 vs 8.3 ± 1.08; LP: 11.1 ± 0.85 vs 26.28 ± 1.71; P < 0.05) and Musashi-1 (blood and LP: 0 vs scattered) positive cells were detected in blood and lamina propria of UC samples as compared to controls. HGFR/CDX2 (blood: 0 vs 1 ± 0.59; LP: 0.8 ± 0.69 vs 2.06 ± 0.72, P < 0.05) and Musashi-1/CDX2 (blood and LP: 0 vs scattered) co-expressions were found in blood and lamina propria of UC samples. HGFR/CD133 and CD133/CDX2 co-expressions appeared only in UC lamina propria samples. CDX2, Lgr5 and Musashi-1 expressions in UC blood samples were not accompanied by CK20 mRNA expression.
CONCLUSION: In active UC, a portion of circulating HGFR-expressing cells are committed to the epithelial lineage, and may participate in mucosal regeneration by undergoing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is typically diagnosed at 20 to 40 years of age. However, very young versus elderly patients with IBD may have different mechanisms of disease that may affect prognosis and care. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with age of onset of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. DESIGN Patients were genotyped using a custom microarray chip containing 332 IBD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Age at diagnosis as a continuous variable was assessed using linear regression. Patients were then subgrouped by age at diagnosis and compared by the Fisher exact test. Bonferroni correction was used in all of the analyses. SETTINGS This study was conducted at a tertiary academic hospital. PATIENTS Sixty patients with Crohn's disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis were ≤ 16 years old, 259 patients with Crohn's disease and 248 with ulcerative colitis were 17-60 years old, and 10 patients with Crohn's disease and 20 with ulcerative colitis were >60 years old at diagnosis and included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age at diagnosis and single nucleotide polymorphism correlations were measured in this study. RESULTS The NOD2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2076756 was associated with younger age at Crohn's disease diagnosis (p = 0.0002). Patients with the AA/wild-type genotype were diagnosed at 31.9 ± 1.23 years, AG heterozygotes at 25.6 ± 0.99 years, and GG/at-risk allele homozygotes at 22.6 ± 1.32 years. Depending on age categories compared, single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU5F1, TNFSF15, and HLA DRB1*501 were associated with age of Crohn's disease diagnosis. No genetic associations were seen between ulcerative colitis and linear age at diagnosis; however, the G allele of the LAMB1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs886774 was found to be associated with ulcerative colitis diagnosed at ≤ 16 versus >17 years old (p = 0.008). LIMITATIONS This study was limited to known IBD single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS This analysis reaffirms the association between NOD2, a molecule of innate immunity, and early Crohn's disease onset. This is the first report of a possible association between early Crohn's disease and the POU5F1, TNFSF15, and HLA DRB1*501 genes. The LAMB1 gene, associated with mucosal basement membrane integrity, was associated with early onset ulcerative colitis and, thus, suggests a fundamentally different mechanism of early disease pathogenesis in ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease.
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Expression of OCT4A: the first step to the next stage of urothelial bladder cancer progression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16069-82. [PMID: 25216339 PMCID: PMC4200762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor) is a transcription factor responsible for maintaining the pluripotent properties of embryonic stem cells. In this paper, we present the results of studies to investigate the role of the OCT4 splicing variant in urothelial bladder cancer and the relationship between the OCT4 phenotype and the morphological parameters of tumor malignancy. Ninety patients who received a cystectomy for bladder cancer were enrolled. The expression of OCT4 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The ratio of OCT4-positive cells was the lowest in pT1 (pathological assessment (p)--tumor extent confined to mucosa (T1)) tumors and the highest in pTis (non-papillary tumor extent confined to urothelium) and pT2 (tumor extent including muscularis propria) tumors. Information about the percentage of OCT4A-positive tumor cells could facilitate choosing the treatment mode in borderline pTis-pT1 (crossing the border of the basement membrane; the first stage of progression) and pT1-pT2 (crossing the border of the muscularis propria; the second stage of progression) cases: a higher percentage of OCT4A-positive cells should support more radical therapy. A significantly higher percentage of cases with moderate OCT4 intensity was found in metastasizing (the third stage of progression) cases with >2 positive lymph nodes. The percentage of OCT4-positive cells was significantly higher for cancers with a high grade, higher non-classic differentiation number and greater aggressiveness of invasion. The differentiation, maturation and aggressiveness of tumor invasion appear to depend on the expression of the OCT4 phenotype in cancer cells, similar to the successive stages of malignancy progression in urothelial cancer.
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Lin H, Sun LH, Han W, He TY, Xu XJ, Cheng K, Geng C, Su LD, Wen H, Wang XY, Chen QL. Knockdown of OCT4 suppresses the growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of the AKT pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1335-42. [PMID: 25017645 PMCID: PMC4121418 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Octamer‑binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is one of the factors associated with self‑renewal and differentiation in cancer stem cells, and is crucial for the progression of various types of human malignancy. However, the expression and function of OCT4 in human pancreatic cancer has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of OCT4 in pancreatic cancer cells. The clinical significance of OCT4 expression was assessed by an immunohistochemical assay using a tissue microarray procedure in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells with different degrees of differentiation. A loss‑of‑function approach was used to examine the effects of a lentivirus‑mediated OCT4 small hairpin RNA vector on biological behaviors, including cell proliferative activity and invasive potential. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of OCT4 protein in cancer tissues were significantly elevated compared with those in adjacent non‑cancerous tissues (65.0 vs. 42.5%; P=0.005), which was correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.008). The knockdown of OCT4 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells (Panc‑1) expressing high levels of OCT4, accompanied with decreased expression of AKT, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase‑2 (MMP‑2). In conclusion, the present study reveals that the increased expression of OCT4 is correlated with the differentiation of pancreatic cancer, while knockdown of OCT4 suppresses the growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of AKT pathway‑mediated PCNA and MMP‑2 expression, suggesting that OCT4 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Sun
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Ying He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Jian Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Geng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dan Su
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Hahn S, Hermeking H. ZNF281/ZBP-99: a new player in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:571-81. [PMID: 24838609 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents an important mechanism during development and wound healing, and its deregulation has been implicated in metastasis. Recently, the Krüppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF281 has been characterized as an EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF). Expression of ZNF281 is induced by the EMT-TF SNAIL and inhibited by the tumor suppressive microRNA miR-34a, which mediates repression of ZNF281 by the p53 tumor suppressor. Therefore, SNAIL, miR-34a and ZNF281 form a feed-forward regulatory loop, which controls EMT. Deregulation of this circuitry by mutational and epigenetic alterations in the p53/miR-34a axis promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis formation. As ZNF281 physically interacts with the transcription factors NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, and c-MYC, it has been implicated in the regulation of pluripotency, stemness, and cancer. Accordingly, ectopic ZNF281 expression in CRC lines induces the stemness markers LGR5 and CD133 and promotes sphere formation, suggesting that the elevated expression of ZNF281 detected in cancer may enhance tumor stem cell formation and/or function. Here, we review the functional and organismal studies of ZNF281/ZBP-99 and its close relative ZBP-89/ZFP148 reported so far. Taken together, ZNF281 related biology has the potential to be translated into cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hahn
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
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Sox2 expression predicts poor survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and it promotes liver cancer cell invasion by activating Slug. Med Oncol 2013; 30:503. [PMID: 23430442 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sox2 is a major transcription factor essential to the stemness characteristics and is associated with various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the expressions and functional roles of Sox2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our data show that high level of Sox2 expression correlates with metastasis and low survival rate in HCC. HCC cells overexpressing Sox2 are characterized by active epithelial-mesenchymal transition and exhibit increased ability of transwell invasion, soft agar colonization, and sphere formation. We also found Sox2 expression was correlated with the transcription activity of SLUG promoter region. These results present novel mechanistic insight into an important role of Sox2 in HCC and suggest a potential application of Sox2 in HCC prognosis and treatment.
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