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Abbasian MH, Ardekani AM, Sobhani N, Roudi R. The Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5144. [PMID: 36291929 PMCID: PMC9600051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the primary type. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapy leaves patients with a dismal prognosis. Despite the advances in genomics and proteomics in the past decade, leading to progress in developing tools for early diagnosis, targeted therapies have shown promising results; however, the 5-year survival of NSCLC patients is only about 15%. Low-dose computed tomography or chest X-ray are the main types of screening tools. Lung cancer patients without specific, actionable mutations are currently treated with conventional therapies, such as platinum-based chemotherapy; however, resistances and relapses often occur in these patients. More noninvasive, inexpensive, and safer diagnostic methods based on novel biomarkers for NSCLC are of paramount importance. In the current review, we summarize genomic and proteomic biomarkers utilized for the early detection and treatment of NSCLC. We further discuss future opportunities to improve biomarkers for early detection and the effective treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Abbasian
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Ali M. Ardekani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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MiRNAs in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071610. [PMID: 35885514 PMCID: PMC9322918 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the dominant emerging factor in cancer-related mortality around the globe. Therapeutic interventions for lung cancer are not up to par, mainly due to reoccurrence/relapse, chemoresistance, and late diagnosis. People are currently interested in miRNAs, which are small double-stranded (20–24 ribonucleotides) structures that regulate molecular targets (tumor suppressors, oncogenes) involved in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Many studies suggest the emerging role of miRNAs in lung cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. Therefore, it is necessary to intensely explore the miRNOME expression of lung tumors and the development of anti-cancer strategies. The current review focuses on the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential of numerous miRNAs in lung cancer.
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Majchrzak‐Celińska A, Dybska E, Barciszewska A. DNA methylation analysis with methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) reveals gene panel for glioma characteristics. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1303-1314. [PMID: 32783304 PMCID: PMC7702229 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Local DNA hypermethylation is a potential source of cancer biomarkers. While the evaluation of single gene methylation has limited value, their selected panel may provide better information. AIMS This study aimed to analyze the promoter methylation level in a 7-gene panel in brain tumors and verifies the usefulness of methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) for this purpose. METHODS Forty-six glioma samples and one non-neoplastic brain sample were analyzed by MS-HRM in terms of SFRP1, SFRP2, RUNX3, CBLN4, INA, MGMT, and RASSF1A promoter methylation. The results were correlated with patients' clinicopathological features. RESULTS DNA methylation level of all analyzed genes was significantly higher in brain tumor samples as compared to non-neoplastic brain and commercial, unmethylated DNA control. RASSF1A was the most frequently methylated gene, with statistically significant differences depending on the tumor WHO grade. Higher MGMT methylation levels were observed in females, whereas the levels of SFRP1 and INA promoter methylation significantly increased with patients' age. A positive correlation of promoter methylation levels was observed between pairs of genes, for example, CBLN4 and INA or MGMT and RASSF1A. CONCLUSIONS Our 7-gene panel of promoter methylation can be helpful in brain tumor diagnosis or characterization, and MS-HRM is a suitable method for its analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Dybska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic DiseasesPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Anna‐Maria Barciszewska
- Intraoperative Imaging UnitChair and Department of Neurosurgery and NeurotraumatologyPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
- Department of Neurosurgery and NeurotraumatologyHeliodor Swiecicki Clinical HospitalPoznańPoland
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Chen Q, Chen S, Zhao J, Zhou Y, Xu L. MicroRNA-126: A new and promising player in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:35. [PMID: 33262827 PMCID: PMC7693477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors associated with cancer death; however, the mechanisms involved in lung tumor development have not been completely elucidated, which impedes the advancement of clinical diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an important member of the microRNA family and is encoded by intron 7 of epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing gene 7. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miR-126, as a distinct endothelial-enriched miRNA and new tumor suppressor gene, serves a promising role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of various types of cancer, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. In the present review, the current knowledge of the role of miR-126 in lung cancer growth, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapy was summarized, which may provide new insights on the biological roles of miRNAsin lung cancer and facilitate the ultimate development of miRNA-based therapies in clinical patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghua Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Pancho A, Aerts T, Mitsogiannis MD, Seuntjens E. Protocadherins at the Crossroad of Signaling Pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:117. [PMID: 32694982 PMCID: PMC7339444 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are cell adhesion molecules that belong to the cadherin superfamily, and are subdivided into clustered (cPcdhs) and non-clustered Pcdhs (ncPcdhs) in vertebrates. In this review, we summarize their discovery, expression mechanisms, and roles in neuronal development and cancer, thereby highlighting the context-dependent nature of their actions. We furthermore provide an extensive overview of current structural knowledge, and its implications concerning extracellular interactions between cPcdhs, ncPcdhs, and classical cadherins. Next, we survey the known molecular action mechanisms of Pcdhs, emphasizing the regulatory functions of proteolytic processing and domain shedding. In addition, we outline the importance of Pcdh intracellular domains in the regulation of downstream signaling cascades, and we describe putative Pcdh interactions with intracellular molecules including components of the WAVE complex, the Wnt pathway, and apoptotic cascades. Our overview combines molecular interaction data from different contexts, such as neural development and cancer. This comprehensive approach reveals potential common Pcdh signaling hubs, and points out future directions for research. Functional studies of such key factors within the context of neural development might yield innovative insights into the molecular etiology of Pcdh-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pancho
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Aerts
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela D Mitsogiannis
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wadowska K, Bil-Lula I, Trembecki Ł, Śliwińska-Mossoń M. Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4569. [PMID: 32604993 PMCID: PMC7369725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death. The prognosis for lung cancer is relatively poor and 75% of patients are diagnosed at its advanced stage. The currently used diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough and do not enable diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, searching for new methods of early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for its effective treatment. Lung cancer is the result of multistage carcinogenesis with gradually increasing genetic and epigenetic changes. Screening for the characteristic genetic markers could enable the diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stage. The aim of this review was the summarization of both the preclinical and clinical approaches in the genetic diagnostics of lung cancer. The advancement of molecular strategies and analytic platforms makes it possible to analyze the genome changes leading to cancer development-i.e., the potential biomarkers of lung cancer. In the reviewed studies, the diagnostic values of microsatellite changes, DNA hypermethylation, and p53 and KRAS gene mutations, as well as microRNAs expression, have been analyzed as potential genetic markers. It seems that microRNAs and their expression profiles have the greatest diagnostic potential value in lung cancer diagnosis, but their quantification requires standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
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Tomasetti M, Gaetani S, Monaco F, Neuzil J, Santarelli L. Epigenetic Regulation of miRNA Expression in Malignant Mesothelioma: miRNAs as Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1293. [PMID: 31850200 PMCID: PMC6897284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure leads to epigenetic and epigenomic modifications that, in association with ROS-induced DNA damage, contribute to cancer onset. Few miRNAs epigenetically regulated in MM have been described in literature; miR-126, however, is one of them, and its expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Asbestos exposure induces early changes in the miRNAs, which are reversibly expressed as protective species, and their inability to reverse reflects the inability of the cells to restore the physiological miRNA levels despite the cessation of carcinogen exposure. Changes in miRNA expression, which results from genetic/epigenetic changes during tumor formation and evolution, can be detected in fluids and used as cancer biomarkers. This article has reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in miRNA expression in MM, focusing on their role as biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Mitochondria, Apoptosis and Cancer Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Nunes SP, Diniz F, Moreira-Barbosa C, Constâncio V, Silva AV, Oliveira J, Soares M, Paulino S, Cunha AL, Rodrigues J, Antunes L, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Subtyping Lung Cancer Using DNA Methylation in Liquid Biopsies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1500. [PMID: 31546933 PMCID: PMC6780554 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LCa) is the most frequently diagnosed and lethal cancer worldwide. Histopathological subtyping, which has important therapeutic and prognostic implications, requires material collection through invasive procedures, which might be insufficient to enable definitive diagnosis. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early event in carcinogenesis, detectable in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA). Herein, we aimed to assess methylation of selected genes in ccfDNA from LCa patients and determine its accuracy for tumor subtyping. METHODS Methylation levels of APC, HOXA9, RARβ2, and RASSF1A were assessed in three independent study groups (study group #1: 152 tissue samples; study group #2: 129 plasma samples; study group #3: 28 benign lesions of lung) using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Associations between gene promoter methylation levels and LCa subtypes were evaluated using non-parametric tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. RESULTS In study group #2, HOXA9 and RASSF1A displayed higher methylation levels in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) than in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HOXA9 displayed high sensitivity (63.8%), whereas RASSF1A disclosed high specificity (96.2%) for SCLC detection in ccfDNA. Furthermore, HOXA9 methylation levels showed to be higher in squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with adenocarcinoma in study group #1. CONCLUSIONS Methylation level assessments in ccfDNA may provide a minimally invasive procedure for LCa subtyping, complementing standard diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Nunes
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Diniz
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Moreira-Barbosa
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Victor Silva
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Júlio Oliveira
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta Soares
- Lung Cancer Clinic and Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Paulino
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Luísa Cunha
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Antunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Calabrese F, Lunardi F, Pezzuto F, Fortarezza F, Vuljan SE, Marquette C, Hofman P. Are There New Biomarkers in Tissue and Liquid Biopsies for the Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030414. [PMID: 30917582 PMCID: PMC6463117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, mainly due to its late diagnoses. The detection of molecular markers on samples provided from routine bronchoscopy including several liquid-based cytology tests (e.g., bronchoaspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage) and/or on easily obtained specimens such as sputum could represent a new approach to improve the sensitivity in lung cancer diagnoses. Recently growing interest has been reported for "noninvasive" liquid biopsy as a valuable source for molecular profiling. Unfortunately, a biomarker and/or composition of biomarkers capable of detecting early-stage lung cancer has yet to be discovered even if in the last few years there has been, through the use of revolutionary new technologies, an explosion of lung cancer biomarkers. Assay sensitivity and specificity need to be improved particularly when new approaches and/or tools are used. We have focused on the most important markers detected in tissue, and on several cytological specimens and liquid biopsies overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fortarezza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefania Edith Vuljan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Charles Marquette
- University Côte d'Azur, University Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Department of Pneumology, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Team 4, FHU OncoAge, 06001 Nice, France.
| | - Paul Hofman
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Team 4, FHU OncoAge, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, University Nice Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
- University Côte d'Azur, Biobank (BB-0033-00025), FHU OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, 06001 Nice, France.
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