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Mahmoudi R, Afshar S, Amini R, Jalali A, Saidijam M, Najafi R. Evaluation of BMP-2 as a Differentiating and Radiosensitizing Agent for Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:83-93. [PMID: 36998132 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230330085615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective clinical responses, a large proportion of patients undergo resistance to radiotherapy. The low response rate to current treatments in different stages of colorectal cancer depends on the prominent role of stem cells in cancer. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the role of BMP-2 as an ionizing radiation-sensitive factor in colorectal cancer cells was investigated. METHODS A sphere formation assay was used for the enrichment of HCT-116 cancer stem cells (CSCs). The effects of combination therapy (BMP-2+ radiation) on DNA damage response (DDR), proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated in HCT-116 and CSCs. Gene expressions of CSCs and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were also evaluated. RESULTS We found that the sphere formation assay showed a significant increase in the percentage of CSCs. Moreover, expression of CSCs markers, EMT-related genes, and DNA repair proteins significantly decreased in HCT-116 cells compared to the CSCs group after radiation. In addition, BMP-2 promoted the radiosensitivity of HCT-116 cells by decreasing the survival rate of the treated cells at 2, 4, and 6 Gy compared to the control group in HCT-116 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that BMP-2 could affect numerous signaling pathways involved in radioresistance. Therefore, BMP-2 can be considered an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of radioresistant human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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2
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Ardalan Khales S, Forghanifard MM, Abbaszadegan MR, Hosseini SE. EZH2 deregulates BMP, Hedgehog, and Hippo cell signaling pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:21-30. [PMID: 36403545 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell signaling pathways play central roles in cellular stemness state, and aberrant activation of these cascades is attributed to the severity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to determine the potential impact of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene on different cell signaling pathways including bone morphogenesis protein (BMP), Hedgehog, and Hippo in ESCC, and to illuminate EZH2-mediated gene regulatory networks in this aggressive malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS EZH2 silencing was performed in two ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and YM-1, followed by gene expression analysis of BMP, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling using RT-qPCR. EZH2 enforced expression was induced in both cell lines and gene expression of the pathways was evaluated in parallel. The contribution of EZH2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration were also evaluated. RESULTS EZH2 downregulation decreased expression of the vital components of the Hedgehog and Hippo signaling, while EZH2 upregulation significantly increased its levels in both ESCC cell lines. The expression of BMP target genes was either reduced in EZH2-expressing cells or increased in EZH2-silencing cells. Enforced expression of EZH2 stimulated downregulation of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers in KYSE-30 and YM-1 cells. Significant downregulation of mesenchymal markers was detected following the silencing of EZH2 in the cells. Knocking down EZH2 decreased migration, while enforced expression of EZH2 increased migration in both ESCC lines. CONCLUSIONS These results may support the promoting role of EZH2 in ESCC tumorigenesis through the recruitment of important cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Kapoor A, Mandal CC. A Perspective on Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Dilemma behind Cancer- related Responses. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:382-387. [PMID: 36725830 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230201144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins are a center of serious concern and are known to execute various cancer-related issues. The BMP signaling cascades have become more unpredictable as a result of their pleiotropic and risky characteristics, particularly when it comes to cancer responses. This perspective discusses the current therapeutic implications, emphasizes different cellular aspects that impact the failures of the current drug treatments, and speculates on future research avenues that include novel strategies like metabolomic studies and bio-mimetic peptide therapeutics to mitigate cancerous outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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4
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Lu F, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Liu Z. Renovation as innovation: Repurposing human antibacterial peptide LL-37 for cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944147. [PMID: 36081952 PMCID: PMC9445486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In many organisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display wide activities in innate host defense against microbial pathogens. Mammalian AMPs include the cathelicidin and defensin families. LL37 is the only one member of the cathelicidin family of host defense peptides expressed in humans. Since its discovery, it has become clear that they have pleiotropic effects. In addition to its antibacterial properties, many studies have shown that LL37 is also involved in a wide variety of biological activities, including tissue repair, inflammatory responses, hemotaxis, and chemokine induction. Moreover, recent studies suggest that LL37 exhibits the intricate and contradictory effects in promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. Indeed, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that human LL37 including its fragments and analogs shows anticancer effects on many kinds of cancer cell lines, although LL37 is also involved in cancer progression. Focusing on recent information, in this review, we explore and summarize how LL37 contributes to anticancer effect as well as discuss the strategies to enhance delivery of this peptide and selectivity for cancer cells.
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5
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Epigenetic insights in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection in CRC, an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10013-10022. [PMID: 35727475 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations can lead to the development of colorectal cancer. In the last decade much research has been done to discover how methylation as an epigenetic alteration leads to carcinogenesis. While Methylation is a biological process, it can influence gene expression by affecting the promoter activity. This article reviews the role of methylation in critical pathways in CRC. METHODS In this study using appropriate keywords, all research and review articles related to the role of methylation on different cancers were collected and analyzed. Also, existing information on methylation detection methods and therapeutic sensitivity or resistance due to DNA methylation were reviewed. RESULTS The results of this survey revealed that while Methylation is a biological process, it can influence gene expression by affecting the promoter activity. Promoter methylation is associated with up or downregulation of genes involved in critical pathways, including cell cycle, DNA repair, and cell adherence. Hence promoter methylation can be used as a molecular tool for early diagnosis, improving treatment, and predicting treatment resistance. CONCLUSION Current knowledge on potential methylation biomarkers for diagnosis and prognoses of CRC has also been discussed. Our survey proposes that a multi-biomarker panel is more efficient than a single biomarker in the early diagnosis of CRC.
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6
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Sharma T, Kapoor A, Mandal CC. Duality of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: A comprehensive analysis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3127-3163. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Anmol Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
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7
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Pashirzad M, Sathyapalan T, Sheikh A, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Cancer stem cells: An overview of the pathophysiological and prognostic roles in colorectal cancer. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Piechowska A, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Kimsa-Dudek M, Kołomańska M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Gola J, Głuszek S. The role of miR-370 and miR-138 in the regulation of BMP2 suppressor gene expression in colorectal cancer: preliminary studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1569-1582. [PMID: 35292840 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth-most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cancer cause of death in the world. The components of the TGFβ-signalling pathway, which are often affected by miRNAs, are involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle. Therefore, in the current study, the expression of BMP2 gene in CRC tissues at different clinical stages compared to the non-tumour tissues has been assessed. Moreover, the plasma BMP2 protein concentration in the same group of CRC patients has been validated. Due to the constant necessity to conduct further research of the correlation between specific miRNAs and mRNAs in CRC, in silico analysis has been performed to select miRNAs that regulate BMP2 mRNA. METHODS The cDNA samples from tumor and non-tumor tissue were used in a qPCR reaction to determine the mRNA expression of the BMP2 gene and the expression of selected miRNAs. The concentration of BMP2 protein in plasma samples was also measured. RESULTS It was indicated that BMP2 was downregulated in CRC tissue. Moreover, miR-370 and miR-138 expression showed an upward trend. Decreased BMP2 with accompanied increasing miR-370 and miR-138 expression was relevant to the malignant clinicopathological features of CRC and consequently poor patient prognosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-370 with its clear expression in plasma samples may be a potential diagnostic marker to determine the severity of the disease in patients at a later stage of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piechowska
- Department of Surgical Medicine With the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- Department of Nutrigenomics and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kołomańska
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Stanisław Głuszek
- Department of Surgical Medicine With the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Clinic General Oncological and Endocrinological Surgery, Regional Hospital, Kielce, Poland
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9
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Sari AS, Demirçay E, Öztürk A, Terzi A, Karaöz E. The promising effects of BMP2 transfected mesenchymal stem cells on human osteosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:301-313. [PMID: 34377054 PMCID: PMC8313938 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2101-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying specific antioncogenes to the tumor was suggested as a treatment option. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) was shown to inhibit the proliferation and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Here, we aimed to assess the homing efficiency of intraperitoneally administered hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
to the tumoral site and their effects on OS using an orthotopic xenograft murine model. Orthotopic xenograft murine model of OS in six-week-old female NOD/SCID mice using 143B cells was established. hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
(BMP2+hMSC) were used. In vivo experiments performed on four groups of mice that received no treatment, or intraperitoneally administered BMP2, hMSCs, and BMP2+hMSCs. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were used to evaluate the pathological identification and to assess the dimensions and necrotic foci of the tumor, the features of lung metastases, and immunostaining against p27, Ki-67, and caspase-3 antibodies. The osteogenic differentiation markers BMP2, BMP4, COL1A1, OPN, OCN and PF4 evaluated using RT-PCR. The tumor dimensions in the hMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the remaining groups (p < 0.01). The number of metastatic foci in the BMP2+hMSCs group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.01). The current results showed that the intraperitoneal route could be efficiently used for targeting hMSCs to the tumoral tissues for effective BMP2 delivery. In this study, the effects of BMP2 transfected hMSCs on human OS and metastasis were promising for achieving osteogenic differentiation and reduced metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sinan Sari
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Emre Demirçay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ayşen Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey.,Istinye University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul Turkey.,Istinye University, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice, İstanbul Turkey.,Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul Turkey
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10
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Halloran D, Durbano HW, Nohe A. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:E19. [PMID: 32933207 PMCID: PMC7557435 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Specifically, within the BMP family, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) was the first BMP to be characterized and has been well-studied. BMP-2 has important roles during embryonic development, as well as bone remodeling and homeostasis in adulthood. Some of its specific functions include digit formation and activating osteogenic genes, such as Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2). Because of its diverse functions and osteogenic potential, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved usage of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) during spinal fusion surgery, tibial shaft repair, and maxillary sinus reconstructive surgery. However, shortly after initial injections of rhBMP-2, several adverse complications were reported, and alternative therapeutics have been developed to limit these side-effects. As the clinical application of BMP-2 is largely implicated in bone, we focus primarily on its role in bone. However, we also describe briefly the role of BMP-2 in development. We then focus on the structure of BMP-2, its activation and regulation signaling pathways, BMP-2 clinical applications, and limitations of using BMP-2 as a therapeutic. Further, this review explores other potential treatments that may be useful in treating bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (D.H.); (H.W.D.)
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11
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Cheng Q, Lin J, Chen Q, Zheng L, Tang Y, Wang F, Huang X, Zhang Y, Li S, Yang Z, Zhou P, He TC, Luo W, Zhang H. Role of Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 in the Osteogenesis of Human Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1059-1072. [PMID: 32484035 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized as a critical factor in repair of defective craniofacial bone owing to the multiple differentiation potential, the ability to regenerate distinct tissues, and the advantage that they can be easily obtained by relatively noninvasive procedures. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a nuclear matrix protein, involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, and has been reported to be as a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone regeneration in MSCs. In this study, we systematically investigated the capability of SATB2 to promote the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). RNA-seq analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that genes regulating osteogenic differentiation were differentially expressed among three cell types and SATB2 was found to be expressed at a relatively high level. When the three cell types overexpressed SATB2 with AdSATB2 infection, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, Alizarin Red S staining, and quantification tended to increase with an increasing infection rate. It showed opposite results after infection with AdsiSATB2. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the expression of downstream osteogenic genes was affected by AdSATB2 infection and quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that nine osteogenic genes (Spp1, Sema7a, Atf4, Ibsp, Col1a1, Sp7, Igfbp3, Dlx3, and Alpl) were upregulated, to various extents, following SATB2 overexpression. In addition, quantitative PCR results indicated that SATB2 affected the expression of MSC markers. These results suggested an important role of SATB2 in the osteogenesis of PDLSCs, DPSCs, and SHED. Further research is warranted to investigate SATB2-mediated regulation of osteogenic differentiation and to evaluate the therapeutic use of SATB2 for the regeneration of defective craniofacial bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhong Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuman Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Que J. BMP Signaling in Development, Stem Cells, and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Annu Rev Physiol 2020; 82:251-273. [PMID: 31618602 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is essential for the morphogenesis of multiple organs in the digestive system. Abnormal BMP signaling has also been associated with disease initiation and progression in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated organs. Recent studies using animal models, tissue organoids, and human pluripotent stem cells have significantly expanded our understanding of the roles played by BMPs in the development and homeostasis of GI organs. It is clear that BMP signaling regulates GI function and disease progression that involve stem/progenitor cells and inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. In this review we discuss these new findings with a focus on the esophagus, stomach, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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13
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Fan Y, Guo L, Zheng H, Ji C, Wang W, Sun H. BMP-9 is a novel marker for colorectal tumorigenesis undergoing the normal mucosa-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence and is associated with colorectal cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:271-282. [PMID: 31897139 PMCID: PMC6923933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending on the type of cancer, bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis; however, the function of BMP-9 in colorectal cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicopathological importance of BMP-9 expression in the tumorigenesis of normal colorectal epithelial tissue, and subsequent transformation into adenoma and carcinoma. In addition, the present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of BMP-9 on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 65 patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma and a history of adenoma were enrolled. BMP-9 and Ki-67 expression was assessed retrospectively using paraffin-embedded samples of normal colorectal mucosa, colorectal adenoma and CRC obtained from each patient. The prognostic value of BMP-9 expression was analyzed in a group comprising 48 patients with CRC and a mean follow-up duration of 39.1 months. Bioinformatics analyses were performed in order to validate the results of the present study using published CRC datasets. The results from the present study suggested that the expression of BMP-9 gradually increased during the transition from normal mucosa to adenoma and subsequent adenocarcinoma (P<0.05); however, no significant association between the expression levels of BMP-9 and the clinicopathological parameters of patients was reported. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high expression levels of BMP-9 exhibited shorter overall survival rate than those with low levels of expression (54.7 vs. 41.3 months; log-rank test, P<0.05). Furthermore, regardless of tumor location and the presence of blood vessel tumor emboli, the univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that BMP-9 expression may be an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival rate of patients with CRC. The results of the present study suggested that BMP-9 may serve an oncogenic role and possess prognostic value in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Huachuan Zheng
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chunyong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Clinical Metabolomics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang X, Huang T, Zhai H, Peng W, Zhou Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1A suppresses neointimal hyperplasia by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 2 and mediating vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12711. [PMID: 31737960 PMCID: PMC6985674 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular disorders are associated with phenotypical switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in controlling VSMC phenotype and vascular disorder progression. Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) has been identified to target BMP-2 and is employed as a therapeutic means of regulating BMP-2 expression in VSMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS VSMCs were stimulated with angiotensin II, and the expression of KDM1A and BMP-2 was detected. VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotype were evaluated. An in vivo aortic injury model was established, and VSMC behaviour was evaluated by the expression of key markers. The activation of BMP-2-associated signalling pathways was examined. RESULTS We confirmed the inhibitory effect of KDM1A on BMP-2 activity and demonstrated that KDM1A inhibition prevented VSMC transformation from a contractile to synthetic phenotype. In angiotensin II-treated VSMCs, KDM1A inhibition triggered a decrease in cell proliferation and inflammatory response. In vivo, KDM1A inhibition alleviated post-surgery neointimal formation and collagen deposition, preventing VSMCs from switching into a synthetic phenotype and suppressing disease onset. These processes were mediated by BMP-2 through canonical small mothers against decapentaplegic signalling, which was associated with the activation of BMP receptors 1A and 1B. CONCLUSIONS The regulatory correlation between KDM1A and BMP-2 offers insights into vascular remodelling and VSMC phenotypic modulation. The reported findings contribute to the development of innovative strategies against vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenpeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Miura T, Ishiguro M, Ishikawa T, Okazaki S, Baba H, Kikuchi A, Yamauchi S, Matsuyama T, Uetake H, Kinugasa Y. Methylation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:229-238. [PMID: 31897134 PMCID: PMC6924114 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated aberrant methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its impact on characteristics and prognosis of patients with CRC. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was identified as a target gene in oligonucleotide microarray expression profiling in a previous study. Subsequently, the BMP2 methylation status was assessed in 498 patients with stage I–III CRC using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and the association between BMP2 methylation status, patient characteristics and prognosis was assessed. BMP2 methylation was observed in 302/498 (60.6%) patients and was associated with positive lymph nodes and venous invasion (P<0.05). In the stage III subgroup, overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in the methylated BMP2 group compared with in the unmethylated BMP2 group (P=0.012). BMP2 methylation was identified as an independent factor for poor OS in stage III patients (P=0.041). Notably, in the left-sided stage III CRC subgroup, relapse-free survival and OS were significantly worse in the methylated BMP2 group than in the unmethylated group (P=0.048 and P=0.031, respectively). In conclusion, DNA hypermethylation of BMP2 was a poor prognostic factor in patients with stage III disease, particularly in those with left-sided stage III CRC. BMP2 methylation may be a biomarker for prognosis prediction and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiyuki Miura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumi Ishiguro
- Department of Translational Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishikawa
- Department of Specialized Surgeries, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Specialized Surgeries, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hironobu Baba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamauchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Matsuyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uetake
- Department of Specialized Surgeries, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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16
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Pirini F, Tedaldi G, Danesi R, Cangini I, Tumedei MM, Ferrari A, Vitali S, De Maio G, Terragna C, Solli V, Tebaldi M, Puccetti M, Zampiga V, Ravegnani M, Ulivi P, Falcini F, Martinelli G, Calistri D. Identification of a novel large EPCAM-MSH2 duplication, concurrently with LOHs in chromosome 20 and X, in a family with Lynch syndrome. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:1999-2002. [PMID: 31655866 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lynch syndrome (LS) is associated with germline mutations in one of the mismatch repair genes or EPCAM. The majority of the causative alterations are point mutations. Large genomic rearrangements represent only 5-20%. Hypothetically, the allelic imbalance, like the loss of heterozygosity, may be another high penetrance risk factor. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a patient who developed 5 tumors during her lifetime and with a family history characterized by a high frequency of tumors associated with LS. The proband was tested for mutations and copy number alterations with a panel of hereditary cancer genes and by SNP array. She showed a 187 Kb duplication including EPCAM and the first 7 exons of MSH2, plus two loss of heterozygosity (LOHs) in chromosome 20 and one in chromosome X which include many tumor suppressor genes. CONCLUSION We found a novel large EPCAM-MSH2 duplication associated with LS and the presence of LOHs in regions containing numerous tumor suppressors, raising the hypothesis that these alterations could contribute to cancer susceptibility. Our results underline the importance to deepen the knowledge of molecular mechanisms in order to determine the role in cancer predisposition of novel genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Tedaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Rita Danesi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Silvia Vitali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia De Maio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- L. & A. Seragnoli Institute of Haematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Solli
- L. & A. Seragnoli Institute of Haematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Zampiga
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Mila Ravegnani
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Fabio Falcini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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17
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Valer JA, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Pimenta-Lopes C, Rosa JL, Ventura F. ACVR1 Function in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111366. [PMID: 31683698 PMCID: PMC6912516 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) encodes for a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor of the TGFβ receptor superfamily. It is involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including bone, heart, cartilage, nervous, and reproductive system development and regulation. Moreover, ACVR1 has been extensively studied for its causal role in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare genetic disorder characterised by progressive heterotopic ossification. ACVR1 is linked to different pathologies, including cardiac malformations and alterations in the reproductive system. More recently, ACVR1 has been experimentally validated as a cancer driver gene in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a malignant childhood brainstem glioma, and its function is being studied in other cancer types. Here, we review ACVR1 receptor function and signalling in physiological and pathological processes and its regulation according to cell type and mutational status. Learning from different functions and alterations linked to ACVR1 is a key step in the development of interdisciplinary research towards the identification of novel treatments for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Valer
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Pimenta-Lopes
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. Gene 2019; 715:144017. [PMID: 31357026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SRY-related high-mobility-group box 9 (SOX9) is a member of the SOX family of transcription factors. Accumulating evidence has shown that SOX9 plays a significant role in various malignancies. However, the role of SOX9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. In the present study, up-regulation of SOX9 was observed in both NPC tissues and different NPC cells. Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conversely, knock down of SOX9 inhibited NPC proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, SOX9 bound directly to the promoter region of BMP2 and increased BMP2 expression. In addition, overexpression of SOX9 activated the mTOR pathway partly through BMP2. Collectively, these results identify a novel role for SOX9 as a potential therapeutic marker for the prevention and treatment of NPC.
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19
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Liu YR, Hu Y, Zeng Y, Li ZX, Zhang HB, Deng JL, Wang G. Neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family member 4 (NXPE4) and prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18041-18052. [PMID: 31297877 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the high morbidity and mortality, novel biomarkers in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed nowadays. In this study, the CRC-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in R software, a total of 238 upregulated and 199 downregulated DEGs were revealed simultaneously. Then the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to reveal the prognostic function of these DEGs. Neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family member 4 (NXPE4) and prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) were two outstanding independent overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) prognostic genes of CRC in TCGA database. We next verified the expression of NXPE4 and PARM1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly lower in CRC tumor tissue than in the adjacent noncancerous tissue in our clinical samples, and NXPE4 mRNA expression level was related to the tumor location and tumor size, while PARM1 was related to tumor location, lymph nodes metastasis, and tumor size. This study demonstrated that NXPE4 and PARM1 might be two potential novel prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Li Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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20
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Kuznetsova VS, Vasilyev AV, Buharova TB, Goldshtein DV, Kulakov AA. [Safety and efficacy of BMP-2 and BMP-7 use in dentistry]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2019; 98:64-69. [PMID: 30830096 DOI: 10.17116/stomat20199801164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article deals with bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 with high osteoinductive potential. The materials containing these proteins are considered. Their safety and efficacy for regeneration of maxillofacial bone defects are evaluated. The prospects of bone tissue regeneration technologies development based on the use of bone morphogenetic proteins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kuznetsova
- Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Vasilyev
- Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - T B Buharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A A Kulakov
- Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Liu RX, Ma Y, Hu XL, Ren WY, Liao YP, Wang H, Zhu JH, Wu K, He BC, Sun WJ. Anticancer effects of oridonin on colon cancer are mediated via BMP7/p38 MAPK/p53 signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2091-2101. [PMID: 30132514 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a prevalent malignancy affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Oridonin (ORI) is a promising chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of colon cancer. In this study, we examined the anticancer activity of ORI against colon cancer and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometric and western blot analyses were conducted to analyze the growth inhibitory effects of ORI on SW620 cells; we employed BMP7 and p53 recombinant adenovirus to detect the influence of ORI on the p38 MAPK signal pathway; PT-qPCR, cell immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of BMP7, p38 and p-p38, p53 and p-p53. A xenograft tumor model and histological evaluation were introduced to detect the effects of ORI and BMP7 in SW620 cells in vivo. ORI inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells and induced apoptosis. ORI also increased the total and phosphorylated levels of p53. The overexpression of p53 was found to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of ORI on the SW620 cells, while the inhibition of p53 partially reversed these effects. ORI increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) in the SW620 cells. The overexpression of BMP7 also enhanced the antiproliferative effects of ORI on the SW620 cells and reduced the growth rate of tumors in mice. BMP7-induced immunosuppression markedly decreased the anti-proliferative effects of ORI. ORI was not found to exert any substantial effect on the phosphorylation levels of Smad1/5/8, although it increased the level of p-p38 significantly. The inhibition of p38 significantly attenuated the ORI-induced increase in the levels of p-p53. The overexpression of BMP7 enhanced the promoting effects of ORI on the p-p53 and p-p38 levels, while BMP7-induced immunosuppression reduced the effects of ORI on p-p38 and p-p53. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that ORI may be a promising agent for use in the treatment of colon cancer, and the anticancer effects of ORI may be partially mediated through the BMP7/p38 MAPK/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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22
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Decreased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 is correlated with biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer: Immunohistochemical analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10748. [PMID: 30013089 PMCID: PMC6048060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic value of BMP-2 expression in prostate cancer tissue via immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer patients. From July 2007 to August 2010, radical prostatectomy specimens from 90 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (mean age, 62.7 years, mean follow-up 90.4 months) were assessed for BMP-2 expression using immunohistochemistry. We used stepwise multivariate Cox regression models stratified by study to assess the independent effects of the predictive factors and estimated hazard ratios (HRs). There were significant differences in the baseline characteristics of Gleason score (GS) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) between the groups with decreased and normal BMP-2 expression. Univariate analysis revealed GS, T stage (≥T3), and decreased BMP-2 expression as significant predictive determinants of BCR. In addition, GS (7: HR 2.836, p = 0.022; ≥8: HR 3.506, p = 0.048) and decreased BMP-2 expression (HR 2.007, p = 0.047) were significantly correlated with BCR in multivariate analysis. Overall five-year BCR-free survival rates in the group with decreased BMP-2 expression were worse than those in the group with normal expression. Therefore, decreased BMP-2 expression in prostate cancer tissue was correlated with the prognostic factors for BCR-free survival in patients with prostate cancer.
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of molecules with over 20 growth factor proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family and are highly associated with bone formation and disease development. Aberrant expression of various BMPs has been reported in several cancer tissues. Biological function studies have elicited the dual role of BMPs in both cancer development and suppression. Furthermore, a variety of BMP antagonists, ligands, and receptors have been shown to reduce or enhance tumorigenesis and metastasis. Knockout mouse models of BMP signaling components have also revealed that the suppression of BMP signaling impairs cancer metastasis. Herein, we highlight the basic clinical background and involvement of BMPs in modulating cancer progression and their dynamic interactions (e.g., with microRNAs) in the tumor microenvironment in addition to their mutations and roles in chemoprevention. We also suggest that BMPs should be considered a powerful putative therapeutic target in tumorigenesis and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhang L, Ye Y, Long X, Xiao P, Ren X, Yu J. BMP signaling and its paradoxical effects in tumorigenesis and dissemination. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78206-78218. [PMID: 27661009 PMCID: PMC5363655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in embryonic and postnatal development by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, motility, and survival, thus maintaining homeostasis during organ and tissue development. BMPs can lead to tumorigenesis and regulate cancer progression in different stages. Therefore, we summarized studies on BMP expression, the clinical significance of BMP dysfunction in various cancer types, and the molecular regulation of various BMP-related signaling pathways. We emphasized on the paradoxical effects of BMPs on various aspects of carcinogenesis, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs), and angiogenesis. We also reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which BMPs regulate tumor generation and progression as well as potential therapeutic targets against BMPs that might be valuable in preventing tumor growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Long
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P. R. China
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25
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Panda PK, Naik PP, Praharaj PP, Meher BR, Gupta PK, Verma RS, Maiti TK, Shanmugam MK, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Sethi G, Agarwal R, Bhutia SK. Abrus agglutinin stimulates BMP-2-dependent differentiation through autophagic degradation of β-catenin in colon cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:664-677. [PMID: 29457276 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eradicating cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) through differentiation therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Our retrospective tumor-specimen analysis elucidated alteration in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and β-catenin during the colon cancer progression, indicating that their possible intervention through "forced differentiation" in colon cancer remission. We reveal that Abrus agglutinin (AGG) induces the colon CSCs differentiation, and enhances sensitivity to the anticancer therapeutics. The low dose AGG (max. dose = 100 ng/mL) decreased the expression of stemness-associated molecules such as CD44 and β-catenin in the HT-29 cell derived colonospheres. Further, AGG augmented colonosphere differentiation, as demonstrated by the enhanced CK20/CK7 expression ratio and induced alkaline phosphatase activity. Interestingly, the AGG-induced expression of BMP-2 and the AGG-induced differentiation were demonstrated to be critically dependent on BMP-2 in the colonospheres. Similarly, autophagy-induction by AGG was associated with colonosphere differentiation and the gene silencing of BMP-2 led to the reduced accumulation of LC3-II, suggesting that AGG-induced autophagy is dependent on BMP-2. Furthermore, hVps34 binds strongly to BMP-2, indicating a possible association of BMP-2 with the process of autophagy. Moreover, the reduction in the self-renewal capacity of the colonospheres was associated with AGG-augmented autophagic degradation of β-catenin through an interaction with the autophagy adaptor protein p62. In the subcutaneous HT-29 xenograft model, AGG profoundly inhibited the growth of tumors through an increase in BMP-2 expression and LC3-II puncta, and a decrease in β-catenin expression, confirming the antitumor potential of AGG through induction of differentiation in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta K Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prajna P Naik
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Biswa R Meher
- Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur, India
| | - Piyush K Gupta
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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26
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Wang MH, Zhou XM, Zhang MY, Shi L, Xiao RW, Zeng LS, Yang XZ, Zheng XFS, Wang HY, Mai SJ. BMP2 promotes proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via mTORC1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1326-1340. [PMID: 28455969 PMCID: PMC5425130 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is a secreted protein that highly expressed in a variety of cancers and contributes to cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, mobility, metastasis and EMT. However, its clinical significance and biological function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unknown up to now. Up-regulation of BMP2 was first observed in NPC cell lines by a genome-wide transcriptome analysis in our previous study. In this study, BMP2 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR and data showed that it was upregulated in NPC compared with non-cancerous nasopharynx samples. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in NPC specimens revealed that high BMP2 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, distant metastasis and shorter survival of NPC patients. Moreover, overexpression of BMP2 in NPC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, BMP2 overexpression increase phosphorylated protein level of mTOR, S6K and 4EBP1. Correspondingly, mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked the effect of BMP2 on NPC cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that BMP2 overexpression in NPC enhances proliferation, invasion and EMT of tumor cells through the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhou
- Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ruo-Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zi Yang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Juan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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27
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Zhao HJ, Klausen C, Li Y, Zhu H, Wang YL, Leung PCK. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via non-canonical SMAD2/3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29416020 PMCID: PMC5833391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BMP2 expression is spatiotemporally correlated with embryo implantation and is crucial for endometrial decidualization and fertility in mice. BMP2 has been reported to increase the mesenchymal adhesion molecule N-cadherin and enhance cell invasion in cancer cells; moreover, studies suggest that N-cadherin promotes placental trophoblast invasion. However, whether BMP2 can promote trophoblast cell invasion during placentation remains unknown. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of BMP2 on human trophoblast cell invasion and the involvement of N-cadherin and SMAD signaling. Primary and immortalized (HTR8/SVneo) cultures of human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells were used as study models. Treatment with recombinant human BMP2 increased HTR8/SVneo cell transwell Matrigel invasion as well as N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels, but had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Likewise, BMP2 treatment enhanced primary human EVT cell invasion and N-cadherin production. Basal and BMP2-induced invasion were attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of N-cadherin in both HTR8/SVneo and primary EVT cells. Intriguingly, BMP2 induced the phosphorylation/activation of both canonical SMAD1/5/8 and non-canonical SMAD2/3 signaling in HTR8/SVneo and primary EVT cells. Knockdown of SMAD2/3 or common SMAD4 totally abolished the effects of BMP2 on N-cadherin upregulation in HTR8/SVneo cells. Upregulation of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and N-cadherin were totally abolished by type I receptor activin receptor-like kinases 2/3 (ALK2/3) inhibitor DMH1; moreover, knockdown of ALK2 or ALK3 inhibited N-cadherin upregulation. Interestingly, activation of SMAD2/3 and upregulation of N-cadherin were partially attenuated by ALK4/5/7 inhibitor SB431542 or knockdown of ALK4, but not ALK5. Our results show that BMP2 promotes trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via non-canonical ALK2/3/4-SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, PR China, 250021.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100101
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4H4.
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28
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Liu RX, Ren WY, Ma Y, Liao YP, Wang H, Zhu JH, Jiang HT, Wu K, He BC, Sun WJ. BMP7 mediates the anticancer effect of honokiol by upregulating p53 in HCT116 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:907-917. [PMID: 28731124 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death. Hence, there is a great need to explore new efficacious drugs for the treatment of CRC. Honokiol (HNK), a natural product extracted from magnolia bark, processes various biological activities, including anticancer. In this study, we introduced cell viability assay, western blotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent staining to determine the anticancer effect of HNK, and the possible mechanism underlying this biological process. We found that HNK can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. HNK activates p53 in HCT116 and other colon cancer cells. Exogenous p53 potentiates the anticancer of HNK, while p53 inhibitor decreases this effect of HNK. Moreover, HNK upregulates the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) in colon cancer cells; Exogenous BMP7 enhances the anticancer activity of HNK and BMP7 specific antibody reduces this effect of HNK. For mechanism, we found that HNK cannot increase the level of Smad1/5/8; Exogenous BMP7 potentiates the HNK-induced activation of p53. On the contrary, BMP7 specific antibody inhibits the HNK-induced activation of p53 in colon cancer cells and partly decreases the total level of p53. Our findings suggested that HNK may be a promising anticancer drug for CRC; activation of p53 plays an important role in the anticancer activity of HNK, which may be initialized partly by the HNK-induced upregulation of BMP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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29
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Autocrine BMP-4 Signaling Is a Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4026-4038. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Tian H, Zhao J, Brochmann EJ, Wang JC, Murray SS. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and tumor growth: Diverse effects and possibilities for therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 34:73-91. [PMID: 28109670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concern regarding safety with respect to the clinical use of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has become an increasingly controversial topic. The role of BMP-2 in carcinogenesis is of particular concern. Although there have been many studies of this topic, the results have been contradictory and confusing. We conducted a systematic review of articles that are relevant to the relationship or effect of BMP-2 on all types of tumors and a total of 97 articles were included. Studies reported in these articles were classified into three major types: "expression studies", "in vitro studies", and "in vivo studies". An obvious pattern was that those works that hypothesize an inhibitory effect for BMP-2 most often examined only the proliferative properties of the tumor cells. This subset of studies also contained an extraordinary number of contradictory findings which made drawing a reliable general conclusion impossible. In general, we support a pro-tumorigenesis role for BMP-2 based on the data from these in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies, however, more clinical studies should be carried out to help make a firm conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Elsa J Brochmann
- Research Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuel S Murray
- Research Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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31
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Yuan ZX, Mo J, Zhao G, Shu G, Fu HL, Zhao W. Targeting Strategies for Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Renal Cancer Cells to Renal Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27891093 PMCID: PMC5103413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common form of urologic tumor that originates from the highly heterogeneous epithelium of renal tubules. Over the last decade, targeting therapies to renal cancer cells have transformed clinical care for RCC. Recently, it was proposed that renal cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from renal carcinomas were responsible for driving tumor growth and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, according to the theory of CSCs; this has provided the rationale for therapies targeting this aggressive cell population. Precise identification of renal CSC populations and the complete cell hierarchy will accurately inform characterization of disease subtypes. This will ultimately contribute to more personalized and targeted therapies. Here, we summarize potential targeting strategies for renal cancer cells and renal CSCs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR), interleukins, CSC marker inhibitors, bone morphogenetic protein-2, antibody drug conjugates, and nanomedicine. In conclusion, targeting therapies for RCC represent new directions for exploration and clinical investigation and they plant a seed of hope for advanced clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guixian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Lin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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32
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Vishnubalaji R, Yue S, Alfayez M, Kassem M, Liu FF, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induces growth suppression and enhances chemosensitivity of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27708551 PMCID: PMC5043592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on global gene expression has revealed multiple dysregulated signalling pathways associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. However, the role of BMP2 signaling in CRC is not fully characterised. METHODS Bioinformatics data analysis were conducted on the GSE21510 dataset. Leniviral technology was utilized to stably express BMP2 in the HCT116 CRC model. Gene expression profiling was conducted using Agilent microarray platform while data normalization and bioinformatics were conducted using GeneSpring software. Changes in gene expression were assessed using qRT-PCR. AlamarBlue assay was used to assess cell viability in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted using SCID mice. RESULTS Our data revealed frequent downregulation of BMP2 in primary CRC tissues. Additionally, interrogation of publically available gene expression datasets revealed significant downregulation of BMP2 in metastatic recurrent compared to non-metastatic cancer (p = 0.02). Global gene expression analysis in CRC cells over-expressing BMP2 revealed multiple dysregulated pathways mostly affecting cell cycle and DNA damage response. Concordantly, lentiviral-mediated re-expression of BMP2 inhibited HCT116 CRC growth, sphere formation, clonogenic potential, cell migration, and sensitized CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Additionally, BMP2 inhibited CRC tumor formation in SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed an inhibitory role for BMP2 in CRC, suggesting that restoration of BMP2 expression could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shijun Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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33
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Pelli A, Väyrynen JP, Klintrup K, Mäkelä J, Mäkinen MJ, Tuomisto A, Karttunen TJ. Gremlin1 expression associates with serrated pathway and favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer. Histopathology 2016; 69:831-838. [PMID: 27257976 DOI: 10.1111/his.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gremlin1 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist with a suggested role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We have analysed Gremlin1 protein expression in CRC and assessed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, including developmental pathway and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Material included a non-selected series of 148 surgically treated CRC cases. The tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, histological grade and inflammatory infiltrate at the invasive margin were assessed, and tumours were classified to serrated or non-serrated types. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate Gremlin1 expression. Prognosis (60-month follow-up) was analysed by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis. Gremlin1 expression was detected in epithelial cells both in normal mucosa and in carcinomas. Abundant expression in carcinomas associated with low TNM stage (P = 0.044), low histological grade (P = 0.044), serrated histology (P = 0.033 or P = 0.053 depending on the classification cut-off) and intensive inflammatory infiltrate at the invasive margin (P = 0.044), and was a stage independent indicator of extended survival (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Gremlin1 protein expression in CRC associates with low tumour stage and extended survival independently of tumour stage, suggesting that it represents a relevant prognostic indicator in CRC. High expression in carcinomas with serrated histology suggests a potential role for Gremlin1 in the serrated pathway of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Pelli
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Klintrup
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Tuomisto
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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34
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Shi Y, Chen GB, Huang XX, Xiao CX, Wang HH, Li YS, Zhang JF, Li S, Xia Y, Ren JL, Guleng B. Dragon (repulsive guidance molecule b, RGMb) is a novel gene that promotes colorectal cancer growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20540-54. [PMID: 26029998 PMCID: PMC4653024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC initiation, growth and metastasis are poorly understood. Dragon (RGMb), a member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, has been recently identified as a co-receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, but the role of Dragon in CRC development is undefined. Here, we show that Dragon expression was increased in colon cancer tissues compared to control tissues in CAC mouse model and in human patients. Dragon promoted proliferation of CT26.WT and CMT93 colon cancer cells and accelerated tumor growth in the xenograft mouse model. Dragon's action on colon cancer development was mediated via the BMP4-Smad1/5/8 and Erk1/2 pathways. Therefore, our results have revealed that Dragon is a novel gene that promotes CRC growth through the BMP pathway. Dragon may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guo-Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuan-Xing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ye-Sen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bayasi Guleng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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35
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Suliman S, Mustafa K, Krueger A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Finne-Wistrand A, Osdal T, Hamza AO, Sun Y, Parajuli H, Waag T, Nickel J, Johannessen AC, McCormack E, Costea DE. Nanodiamond modified copolymer scaffolds affects tumour progression of early neoplastic oral keratinocytes. Biomaterials 2016; 95:11-21. [PMID: 27108402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the tumorigenic potential of functionalising poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds. The copolymer scaffolds were functionalised with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP and physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP-PHY) to enhance osteoinductivity. Culturing early neoplastic dysplastic keratinocytes (DOK(Luc)) on nDP modified scaffolds reduced significantly their subsequent sphere formation ability and decreased significantly the cells' proliferation in the supra-basal layers of in vitro 3D oral neoplastic mucosa (3D-OT) when compared to DOK(Luc) previously cultured on nDP-PHY scaffolds. Using an in vivo non-invasive environmentally-induced oral carcinogenesis model, nDP scaffolds were observed to reduce bioluminescence intensity of tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF). nDP modification was also found to promote differentiation of DOK(Luc) both in vitro in 3D-OT and in vivo in xenografts formed by DOK(Luc) alone. The nDP-PHY scaffold had the highest number of invasive tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + CAF outside the scaffold area compared to the nDP and control scaffolds. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results presented here demonstrate that nDP modified copolymer scaffolds are able to decrease the tumorigenic potential of DOK(Luc), while confirming concerns for the therapeutic use of BMP-2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients due to its tumour promoting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tereza Osdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amani O Hamza
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Translational Center 'Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases'- Würzburg Branch, Germany
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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36
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REN CHUNMEI, LI YANG, CHEN QIANZHAO, ZENG YUHUA, SHAO YING, WU QIUXIANG, YUAN SHUANGXUE, YANG JUNQIN, YU YU, WU KE, HE BAICHENG, SUN WENJUAN. Oridonin inhibits the proliferation of human colon cancer cells by upregulating BMP7 to activate p38 MAPK. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2691-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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37
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Li R, Yan Z, Ye J, Huang H, Wang Z, Wei Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Lu S, Wang X, Tang S, Fan J, Zhang F, Zou Y, Song D, Liao J, Lu M, Liu F, Shi LL, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, He TC, Zhang Z. The Prodomain-Containing BMP9 Produced from a Stable Line Effectively Regulates the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:8-18. [PMID: 26816490 PMCID: PMC4716815 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMPs play important roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using adenovirus-mediated expression of the 14 types of BMPs we demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent BMPs in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which was undetected in the early studies using recombinant BMP9 proteins. Endogenous BMPs are expressed as a precursor protein that contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a prodomain and a C-terminal mature peptide. Most commercially available recombinant BMP9 proteins are purified from the cells expressing the mature peptide. It is unclear how effectively these recombinant BMP9 proteins functionally recapitulate endogenous BMP9. METHODS A stable cell line expressing the full coding region of mouse BMP9 was established in HEK-293 cells by using the piggyBac transposon system. The biological activities and stability of the conditioned medium generated from the stable line were analyzed. RESULTS The stable HEK-293 line expresses a high level of mouse BMP9. BMP9 conditioned medium (BMP9-cm) was shown to effectively induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, to activate BMP-R specific Smad signaling, and to up-regulate downstream target genes in MSCs. The biological activity of BMP9-cm is at least comparable with that induced by AdBMP9 in vitro. Furthermore, BMP9-cm exhibits an excellent stability profile as its biological activity is not affected by long-term storage at -80ºC, repeated thawing cycles, and extended storage at 4ºC. CONCLUSIONS We have established a producer line that stably expresses a high level of active BMP9 protein. Such producer line should be a valuable resource for generating biologically active BMP9 protein for studying BMP9 signaling mechanism and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Li
- 1. Department of Neurology, Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, China; 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Huang
- 5. Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shun Lu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital and Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 8. Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengli Tang
- 1. Department of Neurology, Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan, China; 9. Department of General Surgery, the Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 8. Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minpeng Lu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lewis L Shi
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- 2. Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 9. Department of General Surgery, the Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Deng F, Yan Z, Xia Y, Wang Z, Ye J, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Qiao M, Li R, Denduluri SK, Wei Q, Zhao L, Lu S, Wang X, Tang S, Liu H, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Jiang L. TqPCR: A Touchdown qPCR Assay with Significantly Improved Detection Sensitivity and Amplification Efficiency of SYBR Green qPCR. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132666. [PMID: 26172450 PMCID: PMC4501803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has revolutionized the quantification of gene expression analysis in many fields, including life sciences, agriculture, forensic science, molecular diagnostics, and medicine. While SYBR Green-based qPCR is the most commonly-used platform due to its inexpensive nature and robust chemistry, quantifying the expression of genes with low abundance or RNA samples extracted from highly restricted or limited sources can be challenging because the detection sensitivity of SYBR Green-based qPCR is limited. Here, we develop a novel and effective touchdown qPCR (TqPCR) protocol by incorporating a 4-cycle touchdown stage prior to the quantification amplification stage. Using the same cDNA templates, we find that TqPCR can reduce the average Cq values for Gapdh, Rps13, and Hprt1 reference genes by 4.45, 5.47, and 4.94 cycles, respectively, when compared with conventional qPCR; the overall average Cq value reduction for the three reference genes together is 4.95. We further find that TqPCR can improve PCR amplification efficiency and thus increase detection sensitivity. When the quantification of Wnt3A-induced target gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells is analyzed, we find that, while both conventional qPCR and TqPCR can detect the up-regulation of the relatively abundant target Axin2, only TqPCR can detect the up-regulation of the lowly-expressed targets Oct4 and Gbx2. Finally, we demonstrate that the MRQ2 and MRQ3 primer pairs derived from mouse reference gene Tbp can be used to validate the RNA/cDNA integrity of qPCR samples. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that TqPCR may increase detection sensitivity and PCR amplification efficiency. Overall, TqPCR should be advantageous over conventional qPCR in expression quantification, especially when the transcripts of interest are lowly expressed, and/or the availability of total RNA is highly restricted or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Departments of General Surgery and Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Departments of General Surgery and Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sahitya K. Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengli Tang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Departments of General Surgery and Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Neurology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- * E-mail: (T-CH); (LJ)
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China
- * E-mail: (T-CH); (LJ)
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Kim BR, Oh SC, Lee DH, Kim JL, Lee SY, Kang MH, Lee SI, Kang S, Joung SY, Min BW. BMP-2 induces motility and invasiveness by promoting colon cancer stemness through STAT3 activation. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9475-86. [PMID: 26124007 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been involved in metastatic progression and tumorigenesis of many cancer types. However, it remains unclear how BMP-2 contributes to the initiation and development of these cancers. Here, we investigated the role of BMP-2 in colon cancer stem cell (CSC) development from colon cancer cells. We also determined the effects of BMP-2 on CSC development and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and SW620. We found that BMP-2 enhanced sphere formation of colon cancer cells without serum. Also, BMP-2-induced spheres displayed up-regulation of stemness markers (CD133+ and EpCAM+) and increased drug resistance, hallmarks of CSCs. Importantly, expression of EMT activators p-Smad1/5 and Snail and N-cadherin was increased in the spheres' cells, indicating that BMP-2 signaling might result in CSC self-renewal and EMT. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in HCT-116 cells reversed BMP-2-induced EMT and stem cell formation. Taken together, our results suggest that the BMP-2 induced STAT3-mediated induction of colon cancer cell metastasis requires an EMT and/or changes in CSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Kang
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yup Joung
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Wook Min
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Q, Liang F, Ke Y, Huo Y, Li M, Li Y, Yue J. Overexpression of neogenin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:258-64. [PMID: 25998984 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neogenin has been documented as playing an important role in cancer development. Although an elevated expression of neogenin has been detected in human breast cancer, the role of neogenin in breast cancer cells is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated neogenin in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. We found that neogenin overexpression markedly reduced the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells (P<0.05). Neogenin overexpression resulted in a reduction in the apoptosis rate. Inhibition of neogenin expression by neogenin siRNA dramatically promoted the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, whereas it inhibited cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that BMP-2-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 which was inhibited by neogenin overexpression. The present study demonstrates that neogenin may be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Neogenin may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Mingchuang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Yue
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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Mitsui Y, Hirata H, Arichi N, Hiraki M, Yasumoto H, Chang I, Fukuhara S, Yamamura S, Shahryari V, Deng G, Saini S, Majid S, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Shiina H. Inactivation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 may predict clinical outcome and poor overall survival for renal cell carcinoma through epigenetic pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9577-91. [PMID: 25797254 PMCID: PMC4496240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether impaired regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via epigenetic pathways is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis. Expression and CpG methylation of the BMP-2 gene were analyzed using RCC cell lines, and 96 matched RCC and normal renal tissues. We also performed functional analysis using BMP-2 restored RCC cells. A significant association of BMP-2 mRNA expression was also found with advanced tumor stage and lymph node involvement, while lower BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival after radical nephrectomy. In RCC cells, BMP-2 restoration significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. In addition, BMP-2 overexpression induced p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1) expression, and cellular apoptosis in RCC cells. BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in RCC cells by 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine treatment. The prevalence of BMP-2 promoter methylation was significantly greater and BMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in RCC samples as compared to normal kidney samples. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between BMP-2 promoter methylation and mRNA transcription in tumors. Aberrant BMP-2 methylation and the resultant loss of BMP-2 expression may be a useful molecular marker for designing improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for RCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/biosynthesis
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Decitabine
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, cdc
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/surgery
- Kidney Tubules/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nephrectomy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Transfection
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Naoko Arichi
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Miho Hiraki
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasumoto
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Inik Chang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Densitry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guoren Deng
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hiroaki Shiina
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
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42
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Chen X, Cui J, Yan Z, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang N, Shah P, Deng F, Zhao C, Geng N, Li M, Denduluri SK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Reid RR, He TC. Sustained high level transgene expression in mammalian cells mediated by the optimized piggyBac transposon system. Genes Dis 2015; 2:96-105. [PMID: 25815368 PMCID: PMC4372205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained, high level transgene expression in mammalian cells is desired in many cases for studying gene functions. Traditionally, stable transgene expression has been accomplished by using retroviral or lentiviral vectors. However, such viral vector-mediated transgene expression is often at low levels and can be reduced over time due to low copy numbers and/or chromatin remodeling repression. The piggyBac transposon has emerged as a promising non-viral vector system for efficient gene transfer into mammalian cells. Despite its inherent advantages over lentiviral and retroviral systems, piggyBac system has not been widely used, at least in part due to their limited manipulation flexibilities. Here, we seek to optimize piggyBac-mediated transgene expression and generate a more efficient, user-friendly piggyBac system. By engineering a panel of versatile piggyBac vectors and constructing recombinant adenoviruses expressing piggyBac transposase (PBase), we demonstrate that adenovirus-mediated PBase expression significantly enhances the integration efficiency and expression level of transgenes in mesenchymal stem cells and osteosarcoma cells, compared to that obtained from co-transfection of the CMV-PBase plasmid. We further determine the drug selection timeline to achieve optimal stable transgene expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that the transgene copy number of piggyBac-mediated integration is approximately 10 times higher than that mediated by retroviral vectors. Using the engineered tandem expression vector, we show that three transgenes can be simultaneously expressed in a single vector with high efficiency. Thus, these results strongly suggest that the optimized piggyBac system is a valuable tool for making stable cell lines with sustained, high transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospitals of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Departments of Oncology, Cell Biology and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Palak Shah
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Departments of Oncology, Cell Biology and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Departments of Oncology, Cell Biology and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nisha Geng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahitya K Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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43
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Canonical Wnt signaling acts synergistically on BMP9-induced osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells of dental apical papilla (SCAPs). Biomaterials 2014; 39:145-54. [PMID: 25468367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp/dentin regeneration using dental stem cells combined with odontogenic factors may offer great promise to treat and/or prevent premature tooth loss. Here, we investigate if BMP9 and Wnt/β-catenin act synergistically on odontogenic differentiation. Using the immortalized SCAPs (iSCAPs) isolated from mouse apical papilla tissue, we demonstrate that Wnt3A effectively induces early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in iSCAPs, which is reduced by β-catenin knockdown. While Wnt3A and BMP9 enhance each other's ability to induce ALP activity in iSCAPs, silencing β-catenin significantly diminishes BMP9-induced osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Furthermore, silencing β-catenin reduces BMP9-induced expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin and in vitro matrix mineralization of iSCAPs. In vivo stem cell implantation assay reveals that while BMP9-transduced iSCAPs induce robust ectopic bone formation, iSCAPs stimulated with both BMP9 and Wnt3A exhibit more mature and highly mineralized trabecular bone formation. However, knockdown of β-catenin in iSCAPs significantly diminishes BMP9 or BMP9/Wnt3A-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Thus, our results strongly suggest that β-catenin may play an important role in BMP9-induced osteo/ondontogenic signaling and that BMP9 and Wnt3A may act synergistically to induce osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of iSCAPs. It's conceivable that BMP9 and/or Wnt3A may be explored as efficacious biofactors for odontogenic regeneration and tooth engineering.
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44
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Deng F, Chen X, Liao Z, Yan Z, Wang Z, Deng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Ye J, Qiao M, Li R, Denduluri S, Wang J, Wei Q, Li M, Geng N, Zhao L, Zhou G, Zhang P, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Reid RR, Yang T, He TC. A simplified and versatile system for the simultaneous expression of multiple siRNAs in mammalian cells using Gibson DNA Assembly. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113064. [PMID: 25398142 PMCID: PMC4232585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) denotes sequence-specific mRNA degradation induced by short interfering double-stranded RNA (siRNA) and has become a revolutionary tool for functional annotation of mammalian genes, as well as for development of novel therapeutics. The practical applications of RNAi are usually achieved by expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or siRNAs in cells. However, a major technical challenge is to simultaneously express multiple siRNAs to silence one or more genes. We previously developed pSOS system, in which siRNA duplexes are made from oligo templates driven by opposing U6 and H1 promoters. While effective, it is not equipped to express multiple siRNAs in a single vector. Gibson DNA Assembly (GDA) is an in vitro recombination system that has the capacity to assemble multiple overlapping DNA molecules in a single isothermal step. Here, we developed a GDA-based pSOK assembly system for constructing single vectors that express multiple siRNA sites. The assembly fragments were generated by PCR amplifications from the U6-H1 template vector pB2B. GDA assembly specificity was conferred by the overlapping unique siRNA sequences of insert fragments. To prove the technical feasibility, we constructed pSOK vectors that contain four siRNA sites and three siRNA sites targeting human and mouse β-catenin, respectively. The assembly reactions were efficient, and candidate clones were readily identified by PCR screening. Multiple β-catenin siRNAs effectively silenced endogenous β-catenin expression, inhibited Wnt3A-induced β-catenin/Tcf4 reporter activity and expression of Wnt/β-catenin downstream genes. Silencing β-catenin in mesenchymal stem cells inhibited Wnt3A-induced early osteogenic differentiation and significantly diminished synergistic osteogenic activity between BMP9 and Wnt3A in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the GDA-based pSOK system has been proven simplistic, effective and versatile for simultaneous expression of multiple siRNAs. Thus, the reported pSOK system should be a valuable tool for gene function studies and development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Xiang Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Zhan Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Melissa Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Nisha Geng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Lianggong Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- The Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (TY)
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Affiliated Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- * E-mail: (TCH); (TY)
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