MLLT10 and IL3 rearrangement together with a complex four-way translocation and trisomy 4 in a patient with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report

Prognostic Lnc-S100B-2 Affects Cell Apoptosis and Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer through MLLT10 Signaling

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is closely associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The chip data and clinical information of GSE104364 and GSE151021 were downloaded by GEOquery. Limma and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed. Lnc-S100B-2 was obtained, and high expression of Lnc-S100B-2 was predicted to be associated with a lower survival rate. Online software was adopted to predict downstream regulatory genes, and miR-331-3p and Mixed Lineage Leukemia Translocated to 10 (MLLT10) were screened and verified. After silencing Lnc-S100B-2 and MLLT10, the proliferative activity of CRC cells decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased. At the gene and protein levels, the expressions of PCNA, Ki67, and Bcl-2 were decreased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 group, sh-MLLT10 group, and sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group, while the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax were increased. In vivo, the volume and mass of the tumor decreased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group. Proliferation and apoptosis-related index (PCNA, Ki67, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and Bcl-2) expression level was also altered. Meanwhile, the infiltration of immune cells (CD3 (-), CD16 (+), and CD11b (+) cells) decreased. The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) related indicators (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, Snail, and Slug) were changed. E-cadherin and β-catenin were increased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group, while N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and slug were decreased. In conclusion, our study found that the expression of Lnc-S100B-2 was dysregulated in CRC. Lnc-S100B-2 could affect cell apoptosis and the microenvironment of CRC through regulating MLLT10.

miR-331-3p Inhibits Tumor Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, Invasion by Targeting MLLT10 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective

Mounting research has established the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as oncogenes or anti-oncogenes (tumor suppressors) in the development and progression of several cancers. The purpose of our current study is to delineate the roles and functional mechanisms of miR-331-3p and MLLT10 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis.

Patients and Methods

Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to measure miR-331-3p expression levels in twenty-six matched tumor tissues and non-cancerous tissues collected from patients suffering from NSCLC, and from six NSCLC cell lines separately: A549, H1650, H292, H1299, H1944 and BEAS-2b. We employed the dual-luciferase activity assay to check whether the putative gene, MLLT10, was a downstream target of miR-331-3p in NSCLC pathogenesis and development. Western blot was conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of MLLT10 (AF10), E-cadherin, Vimentin, and GAPDH. CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay were carried out to observe the functions of miR-331-3p and MLLT10 on NSCLC tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, respectively. To identify whether the metastasis of NSCLC tumor cells was EMT-mediated, supplementary experiments involving E-cadherin and Vimentin were implemented.

Results

miR-331-3p was downregulated in NSCLC, which promoted tumor cell proliferation, whereas the overexpression of miR-331-3p inhibited tumor cell proliferation. Being a direct target of miR-331-3p, MLLT10 was negatively modulated by miR-331-3p, which suppressed tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC. However, MLLT10 overexpression alleviated the above inhibitory effects. Furthermore, EMT-mediated metastasis was proved to be present in NSCLC.

Conclusion

miR-331-3p played a suppressor role in NSCLC tumor cell proliferation, EMT-mediated metastasis, and invasion by targeting MLLT10. Our findings highlighted that miR-331-3p/MLLT10 axis could be useful as a clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in NSCLC patients.

A novel IGH@ gene rearrangement associated with CDKN2A/B deletion in young adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acquired copy number changes are common in acute leukemia. They are reported as recurrent amplifications or deletions (del), and may be indicative of involvement of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in acquired disease, as well as serving as potential biomarkers for prognosis or as targets for molecular therapy. The present study reported a gain of copy number of 14q13 to 14q32, leading to immunoglobulin heavy chain locus splitting in a young adult female. To the best of our knowledge, this rearrangement has not been previously reported in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Low resolution banding cytogenetics performed at the time of diagnosis revealed a normal karyotype. However, retrospective application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) banding and locus-specific FISH probes, as well as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and high resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization, revealed previously hidden aberrations. Overall, a karyotype of 46, XX, del(9) (p21.3 p21.3),derivative(14) (pter-> q32.33:: q32.33-> q13 ::q32.33-> qter) was determined. The patient was treated according to the Polish Adult Leukemia Group protocol and achieved complete remission. The results of the present study indicate that a favorable prognosis is associated with these aberrations when the aforementioned treatment is administered.

High rates of submicroscopic aberrations in karyotypically normal acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not a single uniform disease. It consists of several subgroups with different cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations, clinical presentations and outcomes. Banding cytogenetics plays a pivotal role in the detection of recurrent chromosomal rearrangements and is the starting point of genetic analysis in ALL, still. Nowadays, molecular (cyto)genetic tools provide substantially to identify previously non-detectable, so-called cryptic chromosomal aberrations in ALL. However, ALL according to banding cytogenetics with normal karyotype - in short cytogenetically normal ALL (CN-ALL) - represent up to ~50 % of all new diagnosed ALL cases. The overall goal of this study was to identify and characterize the rate of cryptic alterations in CN-ALL and to rule out if one single routine approach may be sufficient to detect most of the cryptic alterations present.

Results

Sixty-one ALL patients with CN-ALL were introduced in this study. All of them underwent high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Also DNA could be extracted from 34 ALL samples. These DNA-samples were studied using a commercially available MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) probe set directed against 37 loci in hematological malignancies and/or array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 21 of 61 samples (~34 %) applying FISH approaches: structural abnormalities were present in 15 cases and even numerical ones were identified in 6 cases. Applying molecular approaches copy number alterations (CNAs) were detected in 27/34 samples. Overall, 126 CNAs were identified and only 34 of them were detectable by MLPA (~27 %). Loss of CNs was identified in ~80 % while gain of CNs was present in ~20 % of the 126 CNAs. A maximum of 13 aberrations was detected per case; however, only one aberration per case was found in 8 of all in detail studied 34 cases. Of special interest among the detected CNAs are the following new findings: del(15)(q26.1q26.1) including CHD2 gene was found in 20 % of the studied ALL cases, dup(18)(q21.2q21.2) with the DCC gene was present in 9 % of the cases, and the CDK6 gene in 7q21.2 was deleted in 12 % of the here in detail studied ALL cases.

Conclusions

In conclusion, high resolution molecular cytogenetic tools and molecular approaches like MLPA and aCGH need to be combined in a cost-efficient way, to identify disease and progression causing alterations in ALL, as majority of them are cryptic in banding cytogenetic analyses.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0153-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.