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Molteni E, Baldan F, Damante G, Allegri L. GSK2801 Reverses Paclitaxel Resistance in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines through MYCN Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065993. [PMID: 36983070 PMCID: PMC10054879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very rare, but extremely aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, responsible for the highest mortality rate registered for thyroid cancer. Treatment with taxanes (such as paclitaxel) is an important approach in counteracting ATC or slowing its progression in tumors without known genetic aberrations or those which are unresponsive to other treatments. Unfortunately, resistance often develops and, for this reason, new therapies that overcome taxane resistance are needed. In this study, effects of inhibition of several bromodomain proteins in paclitaxel-resistant ATC cell lines were investigated. GSK2801, a specific inhibitor of BAZ2A, BAZ2B and BRD9, was effective in resensitizing cells to paclitaxel. In fact, when used in combination with paclitaxel, it was able to reduce cell viability, block the ability to form colonies in an anchor-independent manner, and strongly decrease cell motility. After RNA-seq following treatment with GSK2801, we focused our attention on MYCN. Based on the hypothesis that MYCN was a major downstream player in the biological effects of GSK2801, we tested a specific inhibitor, VPC-70619, which showed effective biological effects when used in association with paclitaxel. This suggests that the functional deficiency of MYCN determines a partial resensitization of the cells examined and, ultimately, that a substantial part of the effect of GSK2801 results from inhibition of MYCN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Molteni
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Academic Hospital of Udine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Chiusaforte, 33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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Liu H, Ngo NYN, Herzberger KF, Gummaraju M, Hilliard S, Chen CH. Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 target gene regulatory networks of nephron progenitors to control nephrogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115341. [PMID: 36356658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our studies demonstrated the critical role of Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the regulation of nephrogenesis. To better understand the key pathways regulated by HDAC1/2 in early nephrogenesis, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of HDAC1/2 on isolated nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) from mouse E16.5 kidneys. Our analysis revealed that 11,802 (40.4%) of HDAC1 peaks overlap with HDAC2 peaks, further demonstrates the redundant role of HDAC1 and HDAC2 during nephrogenesis. Common HDAC1/2 peaks are densely concentrated close to the transcriptional start site (TSS). GREAT Gene Ontology analysis of overlapping HDAC1/2 peaks reveals that HDAC1/2 are associated with metanephric nephron morphogenesis, chromatin assembly or disassembly, as well as other DNA checkpoints. Pathway analysis shows that negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway is one of HDAC1/2's most significant function in NPCs. Known motif analysis indicated that Hdac1 is enriched in motifs for Six2, Hox family, and Tcf family members, which are essential for self-renewal and differentiation of nephron progenitors. Interestingly, we found the enrichment of HDAC1/2 at the enhancer and promoter regions of actively transcribed genes, especially those concerned with NPC self-renewal. HDAC1/2 simultaneously activate or repress the expression of different genes to maintain the cellular state of nephron progenitors. We used the Integrative Genomics Viewer to visualize these target genes associated with each function and found that HDAC1/2 co-bound to the enhancers or/and promoters of genes associated with nephron morphogenesis, differentiation, and cell cycle control. Taken together, our ChIP-Seq analysis demonstrates that HDAC1/2 directly regulate the molecular cascades essential for nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States.
| | - Nguyen Yen Nhi Ngo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States
| | - Kyra F Herzberger
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States
| | - Manasi Gummaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States; School of Arts and Science, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Sylvia Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States
| | - Chao-Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, United States
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3
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Paul S, Sinha S, Kundu CN. Targeting cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment: An emerging role of PARP inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106425. [PMID: 36075511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small population of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which are responsible for metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and cancer relapse. Understanding the key signatures and resistance mechanisms of CSCs may help in the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies to specifically target CSCs in the TME. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are known to enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting the DNA repair pathways and chromatin modulation. But their effects on CSCs are still unknown. Few studies have reported that PARPi can stall replication fork progression in CSCs. PARPi also have the potential to overcome chemoresistance in CSCs and anti-angiogenic potentiality as well. Previous reports have suggested that epigenetic drugs can synergistically ameliorate the anti-cancer activities of PARPi through epigenetic modulations. In this review, we have systematically discussed the effects of PARPi on different DNA repair pathways with respect to CSCs and also how CSCs can be targeted either as monotherapy or as a part of combination therapy. We have also talked about how PARPi can help in reversal of chemoresistance of CSCs and the role of PARPi in epigenetic modifications to hinder cancer progression. We have also elaborated on the aspects of research that need to be investigated for development of successful therapeutic interventions using PARPi to specifically target CSCs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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4
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Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is an α-arrestin protein that acts as a cancer suppressor. Txnip is simultaneously a critical regulator of energy metabolism. Other alpha-arrestin proteins also play key roles in cell biology and cancer. Recent Advances: Txnip expression is regulated by multilayered mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, microRNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilization, and protein degradation. The Txnip-based connection between cancer and metabolism has been widely recognized. Meanwhile, new aspects are proposed for the mechanism of action of Txnip, including the regulation of RNA expression and autophagy. Arrestin domain containing 3 (ARRDC3), another α-arrestin protein, regulates endocytosis and signaling, whereas ARRDC1 and ARRDC4 regulate extracellular vesicle formation. Critical Issues: The mechanism of action of Txnip is yet to be elucidated. The regulation of intracellular protein trafficking by arrestin family proteins has opened an emerging field of biology and medical research, which needs to be examined further. Future Directions: A fundamental understanding of the mechanism of action of Txnip and other arrestin family members needs to be explored in the future to combat diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1001-1022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan.,Department of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Challenges in promoter methylation analysis in the new era of translational oncology: a focus on liquid biopsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166390. [PMID: 35296416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toward the discovery of novel reliable biomarkers, epigenetic alterations have been repeatedly proposed for the diagnosis and the development of therapeutic strategies against cancer. Indeed, for promoter methylation to actively become a tumor marker for clinical use, it must be combined with a highly informative technology evaluated in an appropriate biospecimen. Methodological standardization related to epigenetic research is, in fact, one of the most challenging tasks. Moreover, tissue-based biopsy is being complemented and, in some cases, replaced by liquid biopsy. This review will highlight the advancements made for both pre-analytical and analytical implementation for the prospective use of methylation biomarkers in clinical settings, with particular emphasis on liquid biopsy.
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Kim MJ, Lee HJ, Choi MY, Kang SS, Kim YS, Shin JK, Choi WS. UHRF1 Induces Methylation of the TXNIP Promoter and Down-Regulates Gene Expression in Cervical Cancer. Mol Cells 2021; 44:146-159. [PMID: 33795533 PMCID: PMC8019600 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, and consequent down-regulation, of tumour suppressor genes occurs in response to epigenetic stimuli during cancer development. Similarly, human oncoviruses, including human papillomavirus (HPV), up-regulate and augment DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities, thereby decreasing tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) expression. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1), an epigenetic regulator of DNA methylation, is overexpressed in HPV-induced cervical cancers. Here, we investigated the role of UHRF1 in cervical cancer by knocking down its expression in HeLa cells using lentiviral-encoded short hairpin (sh)RNA and performing cDNA microarrays. We detected significantly elevated expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a known TSG, in UHRF1-knockdown cells, and this gene is hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissue and cell lines, as indicated by whole-genome methylation analysis. Up-regulation of UHRF1 and decreased TXNIP were further detected in cervical cancer by western blot and immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Oncomine database analysis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified the inverted CCAAT domain-containing UHRF1-binding site in the TXNIP promoter and demonstrated UHRF1 knockdown decreases UHRF1 promoter binding and enhances TXNIP expression through demethylation of this region. TXNIP promoter CpG methylation was further confirmed in cervical cancer tissue by pyrosequencing and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Critically, down-regulation of UHRF1 by siRNA or UHRF1 antagonist (thymoquinone) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), which stabilises and promotes UHRF1 function, is increased by HPV viral protein E6/E7 overexpression. These results indicate HPV might induce carcinogenesis through UHRF1-mediated TXNIP promoter methylation, thus suggesting a possible link between CpG methylation and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Han Ju Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Mee Young Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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7
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Poudel SB, Dixit M, Neginskaya M, Nagaraj K, Pavlov E, Werner H, Yakar S. Effects of GH/IGF on the Aging Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061384. [PMID: 32498386 PMCID: PMC7349719 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are key organelles regulating vital processes in the eukaryote cell. A decline in mitochondrial function is one of the hallmarks of aging. Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are somatotropic hormones that regulate cellular homeostasis and play significant roles in cell differentiation, function, and survival. In mammals, these hormones peak during puberty and decline gradually during adulthood and aging. Here, we review the evidence that GH and IGF-1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function and contribute to specific processes of cellular aging. Specifically, we discuss the contribution of GH and IGF-1 to mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and ATP production, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Particular emphasis was placed on how these pathways intersect during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Manisha Dixit
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Karthik Nagaraj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (K.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry New York, NY 10010–4086, USA; (S.B.P.); (M.D.); (M.N.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-998-9721
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8
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Lin X, Hong S, Chen J, Chen W, Wu Z. The potential targets for metastases: a study on altered circular RNA profile in breast cancer liver metastases. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1237-1250. [PMID: 31293174 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To export the expression profile of circRNAs in breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM). Materials & methods: RNA sequences were used to identify the altered expression profile of circRNAs in BCLM tissues and 231 liver metastasis cells. Quantitative PCR verified the expression of circRNAs in both BCLM tissues and 231 liver metastasis cells. Results: The altered expressed circRNAs were found in BCLM tissues, compared with primary tumor tissues. These circRNAs involved in metastatic related signaling pathways. Hsa_circ_21439 and hsa_circ_11783 were verified to be the most significantly up- and downregulated circRNAs in both BCLM tissues and cells. In silico circRNA/miRNA analysis revealed that has_circ_21439 and has_circ_11783 could act as 'miRNA sponge'. Conclusion: This study provides a potential diagnosis and therapy targets for BCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Lin
- Diagnosis & Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Shantou Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, PR China.,BreastTumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510030, PR China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- BreastTumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Wenying Chen
- BreastTumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Diagnosis & Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Shantou Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, PR China
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Xu Y, Li S, Wang Y, Liu J, Mao X, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Liao X, Rao Q, Xiong D, Wang M, Wang J. Induced CD20 Expression on B-Cell Malignant Cells Heightened the Cytotoxic Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineered T Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:497-510. [PMID: 30381966 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD20 is an effective immunotherapy target for CD20+ B-cell malignant cells. Monoclonal antibody, especially rituximab, has been a conventional strategy in the treatment of B-cell malignancies such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, treatment with monoclonal antibodies has not been enough to overcome the refractory/relapse problems. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T (CAR-T) cells have exhibited excellent therapeutic effect on lymphocytic leukemia in recent years. In this study, a CD20-specific CAR was constructed and the cytotoxic efficacy of CD20 CAR-T cells on B-cell malignant cells was evaluated by CD107a degranulation, pro-inflammation cytokine production, and true lytic ability in vitro and in vivo. It was found that CD20 CAR-T cells possessed stronger cytotoxic ability against CD20 highly expressed cells. Furthermore, when histone deacetylase inhibitor was used to enhance the expression of CD20 antigen on the surface of B-cell malignant cells via inducing acetylation of H3K9 on CD20 promoter site, it revealed that the cytotoxicity of CD20 CAR-T cells against histone deacetylase inhibitor-treated B-cell malignant cells was significantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Saisai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xinhe Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Mio C, Gerratana L, Bolis M, Caponnetto F, Zanello A, Barbina M, Di Loreto C, Garattini E, Damante G, Puglisi F. BET proteins regulate homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair: BRCAness and implications for cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:755-766. [PMID: 30259975 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) proteins are historically involved in regulating gene expression and BRD4 was recently found to be involved in DNA damage regulation. Aims of our study were to assess BRD4 regulation in homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and to explore novel clinical strategies through the combinations of the pharmacological induction of epigenetic BRCAness in BRCA1 wild-type triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by means of BET inhibitors and compounds already available in clinic. Performing a dual approach (chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA interference), the direct relationship between BRD4 and BRCA1/RAD51 expression was confirmed in TNBC cells. Moreover, BRD4 pharmacological inhibition using two BET inhibitors (JQ1 and GSK525762A) induced a dose-dependent reduction in BRCA1 and RAD51 levels and is able to hinder homologous recombination-mediated DNA damage repair, generating a BRCAness phenotype in TNBC cells. Furthermore, BET inhibition impaired the ability of TNBC cells to overcome the increase in DNA damage after platinum salts (i.e., CDDP) exposure, leading to massive cell death, and triggered synthetic lethality when combined with PARP inhibitors (i.e., AZD2281). Altogether, the present study confirms that BET proteins directly regulate the homologous recombination pathway and their inhibition induced a BRCAness phenotype in BRCA1 wild-type TNBC cells. Noteworthy, being this strategy based on drugs already available for human use, it is rapidly transferable and could potentially enable clinicians to exploit platinum salts and PARP inhibitors-based treatments in a wider population of TNBC patients and not just in a specific subgroup, after validating clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Zanello
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbina
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Medical Genetics, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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11
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Li X, Li C, Jin J, Wang J, Huang J, Ma Z, Huang X, He X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Yu M, Huang S, Yan X, Li F, Pan J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Jin J. High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia and PARP-1 inhibitor and SAHA-bendamustine hybrid inhibitor combination treatment synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:47-56. [PMID: 30472087 PMCID: PMC6306376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PARP-1 plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and contributes to progression of cancer. To explore the role of PARP-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we analyzed the expression of PARP-1 in AML and its relation to the clinical prognosis. Then, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of PARP inhibitor BMN673 (Talazoparib) combined with NL101, a novel SAHA-bendamustine hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Methods The expression of PARP-1 in 339 cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) cases was evaluated using RT-PCR. According to the expression of PARP-1, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients were grouped and compared. The combination effects of BMN673 and NL101 were studied in AML cells and B-NSG mice xenograft model of MV4-11. Findings We found patients in high PARP-1 expression group had higher levels of blast cells in bone marrow (P = .003) and white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood (P = .008), and were associated with a more frequent FLT3-ITD mutation (28.2% vs 17.3%, P = .031). The overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) of the high expression group were significantly shorter than those in the low expression group (OS, P = .005 and EFS, P = .004). BMN673 combined with NL101 had a strong synergistic effect in treating AML. The combination significantly induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, BMN673 and NL101 combinatorial treatment promoted DNA damage. In vivo, the combination effectively delayed the development of AML and prolonged survival. Interpretation High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in CN-AML patients. The synergistic effects of PARP inhibitor BMN673 in combination with SAHA-bendamustine hybrid, NL101, provide a new therapeutic strategy against AML. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingrui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongping Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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12
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Feingold PL, Surman DR, Brown K, Xu Y, McDuffie LA, Shukla V, Reardon ES, Crooks DR, Trepel JB, Lee S, Lee MJ, Gao S, Xi S, McLoughlin KC, Diggs LP, Beer DG, Nancarrow DJ, Neckers LM, Davis JL, Hoang CD, Hernandez JM, Schrump DS, Ripley RT. Induction of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein by a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Entinostat, Is Associated with DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2013-2023. [PMID: 29934340 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, an estimated 17,000 individuals were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and less than 20% will survive 5 years. Positron emission tomography avidity is indicative of high glucose utilization and is nearly universal in EAC. TXNIP blocks glucose uptake and exhibits proapoptotic functions. Higher expression in EAC has been associated with improved disease-specific survival, lack of lymph node involvement, reduced perineural invasion, and increased tumor differentiation. We hypothesized that TXNIP may act as a tumor suppressor that sensitizes EAC cells to standard chemotherapeutics. EAC cell lines and a Barrett epithelial cell line were used. qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence techniques evaluated gene expression. TXNIP was stably overexpressed or knocked down using lentiviral RNA transduction techniques. Murine xenograft methods examined growth following overexpression of TXNIP. Apoptosis and DNA damage were measured by annexin V and γH2AX assays. Activation of the intrinsic apoptosis was quantitated with green fluorescence protein-caspase 3 reporter assay. In cultured cells and an esophageal tissue array, TXNIP expression was higher in Barrett epithelia and normal tissue compared with EAC. Constitutive overexpression of TXNIP decreased proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor xenograft growth. TXNIP overexpression increased, whereas knockdown abrogated, DNA damage and apoptosis following cisplatin treatment. An HDAC inhibitor, entinostat (currently in clinical trials), upregulated TXNIP and synergistically increased cisplatin-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. TXNIP is a tumor suppressor that is downregulated in EACC. Its reexpression dramatically sensitizes these cells to cisplatin. Our findings support phase I/II evaluation of "priming" strategies to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics in EAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2013-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Feingold
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah R Surman
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kate Brown
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Xu
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A McDuffie
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vivek Shukla
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily S Reardon
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sichuan Xi
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kaitlin C McLoughlin
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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13
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Li J, Yue Z, Xiong W, Sun P, You K, Wang J. TXNIP overexpression suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in SMMC7221 cells through ROS generation and MAPK pathway activation. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3369-3376. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Histone Post-Translational Modifications and Nucleosome Organisation in Transcriptional Regulation: Some Open Questions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639249 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organisation of chromatin is first discussed to conclude that nucleosomes play both structural and transcription-regulatory roles. The presence of nucleosomes makes difficult the access of transcriptional factors to their target sequences and the action of RNA polymerases. The histone post-translational modifications and nucleosome remodelling are first discussed, from a historical point of view, as mechanisms to remove the obstacles imposed by chromatin structure to transcription. Instead of reviewing the state of the art of the whole field, this review is centred on some open questions. First, some "non-classical" histone modifications, such as short-chain acylations other than acetylation, are considered to conclude that their relationship with the concentration of metabolic intermediaries might make of them a sensor of the physiological state of the cells. Then attention is paid to the interest of studying chromatin organisation and epigenetic marks at a single nucleosome level as a complement to genome-wide approaches. Finally, as a consequence of the above questions, the review focuses on the presence of multiple histone post-translational modifications on a single nucleosome. The methods to detect them and their meaning, with special emphasis on bivalent marks, are discussed.
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15
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Mio C, Lavarone E, Conzatti K, Baldan F, Toffoletto B, Puppin C, Filetti S, Durante C, Russo D, Orlacchio A, Di Cristofano A, Di Loreto C, Damante G. MCM5 as a target of BET inhibitors in thyroid cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:335-47. [PMID: 26911376 PMCID: PMC4891972 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive thyroid cancer subtype, refractory to the current medical treatment. Among various epigenetic anticancer drugs, bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitors (BETis) are considered to be an appealing novel class of compounds. BETi target the bromodomain and extra-terminal of BET proteins that act as regulators of gene transcription, interacting with histone acetyl groups. The goal of this study is to delineate which pathway underlies the biological effects derived from BET inhibition, in order to find new potential therapeutic targets in ATC. We investigated the effects of BET inhibition on two human anaplastic thyroid cancer-derived cell lines (FRO and SW1736). The treatment with two BETis, JQ1 and I-BET762, decreased cell viability, reduced cell cycle S-phase, and determined cell death. In order to find BETi effectors, FRO and SW1736 were subjected to a global transcriptome analysis after JQ1 treatment. A significant portion of deregulated genes belongs to cell cycle regulators. Among them, MCM5 was decreased at both mRNA and protein levels in both tested cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicate that MCM5 is directly bound by the BET protein BRD4. MCM5 silencing reduced cell proliferation, thus underlining its involvement in the block of proliferation induced by BETis. Furthermore, MCM5 immunohistochemical evaluation in human thyroid tumor tissues demonstrated its overexpression in several papillary thyroid carcinomas and in all ATCs. MCM5 was also overexpressed in a murine model of ATC, and JQ1 treatment reduced Mcm5 mRNA expression in two murine ATC cell lines. Thus, MCM5 could represent a new target in the therapeutic approach against ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Mio
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Lavarone
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ketty Conzatti
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoletto
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Puppin
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity 'Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Catanzaro 'Magna Graecia', Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Udine, Udine, Italy
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