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Zhong J, He G, Ma X, Ye J, Tao ZY, Li Z, Zhang F, Feng P, Wang Y, Lan X, Su YX. Triterpene-Based Prodrug for Self-Boosted Drug Release and Targeted Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:41960-41972. [PMID: 39082953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), especially as a combined modality approach with and after surgery or radiotherapy. Limited therapeutic efficiency and serious side effects greatly restrict the clinical performance of chemotherapeutic drugs. The development of smart nanomedicines has provided new research directions, to some extent. However, the involvement of complex carrier compositions inevitably brings biosafety concerns and greatly limits the "bench-to-bed" translation of most nanomedicines reported. In this study, a carrier-free self-assembled prodrug was fabricated by two triterpenes (glycyrrhetinic acid, GA and ginsenoside Rh2, Rh2) isolated from medicinal plants, licorice, and ginseng, for the targeted and highly effective treatment of OSCC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) self-supplied molecule TK-GA2 was synthesized with ROS-responsive thioketal linker and prodrug was prepared by a rapid-solvent-exchange method with TK-GA2 and Rh2. After administration, oral tumor cells transported large amounts of prodrugs with glucose ligands competitively. Endogenous ROS in oral tumor cells then promoted the release of GA and Rh2. GA further evoked the generation of a large number of ROS to help self-boosted drug release and increase oxidative stress, synergistically causing tumor cell apoptosis with Rh2. Overall, this carrier-free triterpene-based prodrug might provide a preeminent opinion on the design of effective chemotherapeutics with low systemic toxicity against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Guantong He
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Tao
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhongxian Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fuxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Peijian Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinmiao Lan
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Li H, Yang H, Lu S, Wang X, Shi X, Mao P. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis is involved in the development of endometriosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2242962. [PMID: 37553011 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2242962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent condition with unclear pathogenesis. Recent findings suggest implicate autophagy and ferroptosis in EMS development. METHODS We assessed autophagy and ferroptosis proteins in EMS patients using immunohistochemistry and western blot and established an EMS rat model through allograft endometrial transplantation, confirmed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and epithelial-mesenchymal transition -related proteins. Primary EMS cells were isolated from the model rats and cultured under five conditions: control, EMS, EMS with Rapamycin (autophagy inducer), EMS with si-Atg5 (autophagy inhibitor), and EMS with si-Atg5 plus Erastin (ferroptosis inducer). We evaluated cell viability, iron content, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial morphologyin EMS cells, and detected autophagy and ferroptosis proteins through immunofluorescence, western blot, and monodansylcadaverine staining. RESULTS Autophagy proteins Beclin1 and LC3 were highly expressed, whereas p62, glutathione peroxidase 4, and p53 were lowly expressed in EMS patients. Rapamycin decreased cell viability but increased iron content, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxide production, the number of ferroptotic mitochondria, and the expression of autophagy proteins in EMS cells, while si-Atg5 showed opposite effects. Additionally, Erastin reversed the impact of si-Atg5 on EMS cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that autophagy-dependent ferroptosis plays a role in EMS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Huadi Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Shenyi Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Xinhe Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Peiyu Mao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, China
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Shiah HS, Lee CJ, Lee FY, Tseng SH, Chen SH, Wang CC. Chemopreventive effects of Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang on paclitaxel-induced leucopenia and neuropathy in animals. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1106030. [PMID: 36969850 PMCID: PMC10032344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel frequently induces peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression during cancer treatment. According to the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, traditional Chinese medicine doctors widely use Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (XSLJZT) to treat breast cancer patients who have received paclitaxel. We explored the combined therapeutic effects of XSLZJT with paclitaxel. XSLJZT did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects on P388-D1 cells; however, the combination of XSLJZT (100 and 500 mg/kg) with paclitaxel prolonged the survival rate in P388–D1 tumor-bearing mice compared to paclitaxel-only. In addition, XSLJZT was found to enhance white blood cells (WBC) counts and promote leukocyte rebound in paclitaxel-induced leukopenia in mice. XSLJZT also reduced paclitaxel-induced mechanical pain and inhibited c-Fos protein expression in the L4-6 spinal cords of Wistar rats. Moreover, paclitaxel-induced shortening of the nerve fibers of dorsal root ganglion cells was ameliorated by pre-treatment with XSLJZT. Therefore, we suggest that XSLJZT could be used as an adjunct for cancer patients, as the formula could decrease paclitaxel-induced neuropathy and myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Her-Shyong Shiah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hui Tseng
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Chiung Wang,
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Mehta JK, Kaur G, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Sak K, Kumar A, Varol M, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Kaur J, Gillan R, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1419-1448. [PMID: 36474507 PMCID: PMC9719702 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s366630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly lethal disease, and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide over the past few decades. Although chemotherapeutics and surgery are widely used in clinical settings, they are often insufficient to provide the cure for cancer patients. Hence, more effective treatment options are highly needed. Although licorice has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms behind its diverse bioactivities is still rather new. In this review article, different anticancer properties (antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of various bioactive constituents of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) are thoroughly described. Multiple licorice constituents have been shown to bind to and inhibit the activities of various cellular targets, including B-cell lymphoma 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-3, resulting in reduced carcinogenesis in several in vitro and in vivo models with no evident toxicity. Emerging evidence is bringing forth licorice as an anticancer agent as well as bottlenecks in its potential clinical application. It is expected that overcoming toxicity-related obstacles by using novel nanotechnological methods might importantly facilitate the use of anticancer properties of licorice-derived phytochemicals in the future. Therefore, anticancer studies with licorice components must be continued. Overall, licorice could be a natural alternative to the present medication for eradicating new emergent illnesses while having just minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jinit K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Gillan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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Lin TY, Wu TH, Tzou RD, Hsu YC, Lee KT, Tsai TH. Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Neurol Int 2022; 14:804-823. [PMID: 36278690 PMCID: PMC9590052 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by poor prognosis and high rates of recurrence. Despite advances in multidisciplinary treatment, GBM constinues to have a poor overall survival. The Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (RGP) has been reported to possess anti-allergic, neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM. This study demonstrated that RGP reduced glioma cell viability and attenuated glioma cell locomotion in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. RGP treated cells had significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and rise in the percentage of caspase-3 activity. In addition, the results of study's cell cycle analysis also showed that RGP arrested glioma cells at G2/M phase and Cell failure pass the G2 checkpoint by RGP treatment in GBM8401 Cells. Based on the above results, it seems to imply that RGP activated DNA damage checkpoint system and cell cycle regulators and induce apoptosis in established GBM cells. In conclusion, RGP can inhibit proliferation, cell locomotion, cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsuan Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Dar Tzou
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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6
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Dewi C, Fristiohady A, Amalia R, Khairul Ikram NK, Ibrahim S, Muchtaridi M. Signaling Pathways and Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123661. [PMID: 35744786 PMCID: PMC9227697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, having a poor prognosis and rapid metastases. TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) expressions and has a five-year survival rate. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC patients only respond to conventional chemotherapies, and even then, with limited success. Shortages of chemotherapeutic medication can lead to resistance, pressured index therapy, non-selectivity, and severe adverse effects. Finding targeted treatments for TNBC is difficult owing to the various features of cancer. Hence, identifying the most effective molecular targets in TNBC pathogenesis is essential for predicting response to targeted therapies and preventing TNBC cell metastases. Nowadays, natural compounds have gained attention as TNBC treatments, and have offered new strategies for solving drug resistance. Here, we report a systematic review using the database from Pubmed, Science Direct, MDPI, BioScince, Springer, and Nature for articles screening from 2003 to 2022. This review analyzes relevant signaling pathways and the prospect of utilizing natural compounds as a therapeutic agent to improve TNBC treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Dewi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari 93561, Indonesia
| | - Adryan Fristiohady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari 93232, Indonesia;
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Sugeng Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang 50234, Indonesia;
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
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Role of Plant-Derived Active Constituents in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms of Action. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081326. [PMID: 35456005 PMCID: PMC9031068 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant technological advancements in conventional therapies, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the control and treatment of cancer, several limitations still exist, and there is scope for further advancements. Several adverse effects are associated with modern chemotherapy that hinder cancer treatment and lead to other critical disorders. Since ancient times, plant-based medicines have been employed in clinical practice and have yielded good results with few side effects. The modern research system and advanced screening techniques for plants’ bioactive constituents have enabled phytochemical discovery for the prevention and treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer. Phytochemicals such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, curcumin, colchicine, and lycopene have shown promising anticancer effects. Discovery of more plant-derived bioactive compounds should be encouraged via the exploitation of advanced and innovative research techniques, to prevent and treat advanced-stage cancers without causing significant adverse effects. This review highlights numerous plant-derived bioactive molecules that have shown potential as anticancer agents and their probable mechanisms of action and provides an overview of in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies on anticancer phytochemicals.
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Cipriani C, Pacheco MP, Kishk A, Wachich M, Abankwa D, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Sauter T. Bruceine D Identified as a Drug Candidate against Breast Cancer by a Novel Drug Selection Pipeline and Cell Viability Assay. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:179. [PMID: 35215292 PMCID: PMC8875459 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-target effects of natural products allow us to fight complex diseases like cancer on multiple fronts. Unlike docking techniques, network-based approaches such as genome-scale metabolic modelling can capture multi-target effects. However, the incompleteness of natural product target information reduces the prediction accuracy of in silico gene knockout strategies. Here, we present a drug selection workflow based on context-specific genome-scale metabolic models, built from the expression data of cancer cells treated with natural products, to predict cell viability. The workflow comprises four steps: first, in silico single-drug and drug combination predictions; second, the assessment of the effects of natural products on cancer metabolism via the computation of a dissimilarity score between the treated and control models; third, the identification of natural products with similar effects to the approved drugs; and fourth, the identification of drugs with the predicted effects in pathways of interest, such as the androgen and estrogen pathway. Out of the initial 101 natural products, nine candidates were tested in a 2D cell viability assay. Bruceine D, emodin, and scutellarein showed a dose-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 and Hs 578T cell proliferation with IC50 values between 0.7 to 65 μM, depending on the drug and cell line. Bruceine D, extracted from Brucea javanica seeds, showed the highest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cipriani
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ali Kishk
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maryem Wachich
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
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9
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Zuo Z, He L, Duan X, Peng Z, Han J. Glycyrrhizic acid exhibits strong anticancer activity in colorectal cancer cells via SIRT3 inhibition. Bioengineered 2021; 13:2720-2731. [PMID: 34747319 PMCID: PMC8974138 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) has been described as a colorectal cancer oncogene and to be regulated by glycyrrhizic acid (GA). However, few studies have explored the interaction between GA and SIRT3. Therefore, in the present study, we showed that GA could significantly decrease SIRT3 protein levels in SW620 and HT29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we overexpressed SIRT3 by lentivirus infection on SW620 and HT29 cells. We found that, in vitro, GA treatment significantly decreased cell viability, cell clone number, and invasion and migration number, besides significantly increasing apoptosis. Also, GA treatment significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl2 protein ratio and the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and vimentin in SW620 and HT29 cells. Meanwhile, the SIRT3 overexpression could significantly reverse these changes. Moreover, the GA treatment could significantly decrease the weight of xenograft tumor tissues and its SIRT3 protein levels in vivo, while SIRT3 overexpression reversed these effects. Overall, GA inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells, and induced their apoptosis by SIRT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkui Zuo
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lulu He
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zining Peng
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiarui Han
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
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10
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Kabe Y, Koike I, Yamamoto T, Hirai M, Kanai A, Furuhata R, Tsugawa H, Harada E, Sugase K, Hanadate K, Yoshikawa N, Hayashi H, Noda M, Uchiyama S, Yamazaki H, Tanaka H, Kobayashi T, Handa H, Suematsu M. Glycyrrhizin Derivatives Suppress Cancer Chemoresistance by Inhibiting Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3265. [PMID: 34209885 PMCID: PMC8269059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is highly expressed in various cancer cells and contributes to tumor progression. We have previously shown that PGRMC1 forms a unique heme-stacking functional dimer to enhance EGF receptor (EGFR) activity required for cancer proliferation and chemoresistance, and the dimer dissociates by carbon monoxide to attenuate its biological actions. Here, we determined that glycyrrhizin (GL), which is conventionally used to ameliorate inflammation, specifically binds to heme-dimerized PGRMC1. Binding analyses using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that some GL derivatives, including its glucoside-derivative (GlucoGL), bind to PGRMC1 potently, whereas its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), does not bind. GL and GlucoGL inhibit the interaction between PGRMC1 and EGFR, thereby suppressing EGFR-mediated signaling required for cancer progression. GL and GlucoGL significantly enhanced EGFR inhibitor erlotinib- or cisplatin (CDDP)-induced cell death in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. In addition, GL derivatives suppressed the intracellular uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by inhibiting the interaction between PGRMC1 and the LDL receptor (LDLR). Effects on other pathways cannot be excluded. Treatment with GlucoGL and CDDP significantly suppressed tumor growth following xenograft transplantation in mice. Collectively, this study indicates that GL derivatives are novel inhibitors of PGRMC1 that suppress cancer progression, and our findings provide new insights for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikko Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Miwa Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kanai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryogo Furuhata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Erisa Harada
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugase
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazue Hanadate
- Cokey, Co., Ltd., 2 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Nobuji Yoshikawa
- Cokey, Co., Ltd., 2 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamazaki
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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11
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Antony J, Chin CV, Horsfield JA. Cohesin Mutations in Cancer: Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6788. [PMID: 34202641 PMCID: PMC8269296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is crucial for mediating sister chromatid cohesion and for hierarchal three-dimensional organization of the genome. Mutations in cohesin genes are present in a range of cancers. Extensive research over the last few years has shown that cohesin mutations are key events that contribute to neoplastic transformation. Cohesin is involved in a range of cellular processes; therefore, the impact of cohesin mutations in cancer is complex and can be cell context dependent. Candidate targets with therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells are emerging from functional studies. Here, we review emerging targets and pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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12
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Hu S, Xie D, Zhou P, Liu X, Yin X, Huang B, Guan H. LINCS gene expression signature analysis revealed bosutinib as a radiosensitizer of breast cancer cells by targeting eIF4G1. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:72. [PMID: 33693953 PMCID: PMC7952247 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the predominant cause for radiotherapy failure and disease progression, resulting in increased breast cancer‑associated mortality. Using gene expression signature analysis of the Library of Integrated Network‑Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the aim of the present study was to systematically identify potential candidate radiosensitizers from known drugs. The similarity of integrated gene expression signatures between irradiated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 γ 1 (eIF4G1)‑silenced breast cancer cells and known drugs was measured using enrichment scores (ES). Drugs with positive ES were selected as potential radiosensitizers. The radiosensitizing effects of the candidate drugs were analyzed in breast cancer cell lines (MCF‑7, MX‑1 and MDA‑MB‑231) using CCK‑8 and colony formation assays following exposure to ionizing radiation. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The expression levels of eIF4G1 and DNA damage response (DDR) proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Bosutinib was identified as a promising radiosensitizer, as its administration markedly reduced the dosage required both for the drug and for ionizing radiation, which may be associated with fewer treatment‑associated adverse reactions. Moreover, combined treatment of ionizing radiation and bosutinib significantly increased cell killing in all three cell lines, compared with ionizing radiation or bosutinib alone. Among the three cell lines, MX‑1 cells were identified as the most sensitive to both ionizing radiation and bosutinib. Bosutinib markedly downregulated the expression of eIF4G1 in a dose‑dependent manner and also reduced the expression of DDR proteins (including ATM, XRCC4, ATRIP, and GADD45A). Moreover, eIF4G1 was identified as a key target of bosutinib that may regulate DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Thus, bosutinib may serve as a potential candidate radiosensitizer for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hu
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Yin
- College of Computer, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Radiation Hygiene, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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13
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Xing Y, Li Y, Hu B, Han F, Zhao X, Zhang H, Li Y, Li D, Li J, Jin F, Li F. PAK5-mediated AIF phosphorylation inhibits its nuclear translocation and promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1315-1327. [PMID: 33867848 PMCID: PMC8040471 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although p21 activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is related to the progression of multiple cancers, its biological function in breast cancer remains unclear. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a vital apoptosis factor in mitochondria, which can be released from mitochondria and enter the nucleus, causing caspase-independent apoptosis. In this study, we reveal that PAK5 inhibits apoptosis by preventing the nuclear translocation of AIF. PAK5 inhibits the release of AIF from mitochondria in breast cancer cells by decreasing the mitochondria membrane permeability and increasing the membrane potential. Furthermore, PAK5 phosphorylates AIF at Thr281 site to inhibit the formation of AIF/importin α3 complex, leading to decrease AIF nuclear translocation. Functionally, we demonstrate that PAK5-mediated AIF phosphorylation promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells and accelerates the growth of breast cancer in vivo. Significantly, PAK5 and AIF expression in breast cancer are positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. PAK5 expression is negatively correlated with AIF nuclear translocation. These results suggest that PAK5-AIF signaling pathway may play an essential role in mammary tumorigenesis, providing a new therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingtao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fuyi Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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14
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Glycyrrhinic Acid for Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5974157. [PMID: 33163144 PMCID: PMC7604610 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5974157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin that frequently contaminates human food and animal feed, resulting in intestinal diseases and systemic immunosuppression. Glycyrrhinic acid (GA) exhibits various pharmacological activities. To investigate the protective mechanism of GA for DON-induced inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, RNA-seq analysis was used in the current study. The IPEC-J2 cells were treated with the control group (CON), 0.5 μg/mL DON, 400 μg/mL GA, and 400 μg/mL GA+0.5 μg/mL DON (GAD) for 6 h. Results showed that 0.5 μg/mL DON exposure for 6 h could induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. GA addition could specifically promote the proliferation of DON-induced IPEC-J2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, GA addition significantly increased Bcl-2 gene expression (P < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.01) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, the contents of malonaldehyde, IL-8, and NF-κB (P < 0.05), the relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 (P < 0.01), and the protein expressions of Bax and TNF-α. Moreover, a total of 1576, 289, 1398, and 154 differentially expressed genes were identified in CON vs. DON, CON vs. GA, CON vs. GAD, and DON vs. GAD, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MAPK, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways and some chemokines played significant roles in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis induced by DON. GA may alleviate DON cytotoxicity via the TNF signaling pathway by downregulating IL-15, CCL5, and other gene expressions. These results indicated that GA could alleviate DON-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the TNF signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells.
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15
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Wang H, Ge X, Qu H, Wang N, Zhou J, Xu W, Xie J, Zhou Y, Shi L, Qin Z, Jiang Z, Yin W, Xia J. Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2853-2861. [PMID: 32425599 PMCID: PMC7187946 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s244481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the main active ingredient extracted from Chinese herb licorice root, and it shows anti-tumor effects in many cancer types, while its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GA on GC cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The anti-proliferation effect of GA on GC cells was assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assay. The effects of GA on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometer. Western blotting was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our results showed that GA had a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation of GC cells. Flow cytometer analysis demonstrated that GA would lead to G1/S-phase arrest and apoptosis. GA treatment down-regulated the levels of G1 phase-related proteins, including cyclin D1, D2, D3, E1, and E2. In terms of apoptosis, GA treatment up-regulated the levels of Bax, cleaved PARP, and pro-caspase-3, -8, -9, but did not influence their cleavage patterns. The expression of Bcl-2, survivin and p65 was attenuated after treatment. Besides, GA would down-regulate the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION This study focused on inhibitory effect of GA on GC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Several important cyclins- and apoptosis-related proteins were involved in the regulation of GA to GC cells, and phosphorylated PI3K and AKT were attenuated. The results of this study indicated that GA is a potential and promising anti-cancer drug for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Ge
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing211166, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Qin
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yin
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Targeting AXL and RAGE to prevent geminin overexpression-induced triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19150. [PMID: 31844158 PMCID: PMC6915698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of metastatic precursors from primaries is the primary reason for patient death. Dissemination encompasses tumor cells invasion of stroma, followed by intravasation through the endothelium barrier into the bloodstream. Here, we describe how geminin-overexpressing tumor cells acquire dissemination ability. Acetylated HMGB1 (Ac-HMGB1) secreted by geminin-overexpressing cells activates RAGE and CXCR4 expression on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in tumor stroma. Through secreting CXCL12, geminin-overexpressing cells recruit these CXCR4+-MSCs into the tumor. Within the tumor, MSCs differentiate into S100A4-secreting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). S100A4, in a reciprocal manner, activates geminin-overexpressing cells to secrete CCL2 that recruits M0-macrophages from the stroma into the tumor. Within the tumor, CCL2 polarizes M0-macrophages into Gas6-secreting M2-tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs). In concert, geminin-overexpression, S100A4/RAGE and Gas6/AXL signaling promote the invasive and intravasation abilities in geminin-overexpressing cells through exacerbating their stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotypes and enhancing expression and functional interaction of CD151 and α3β1-integrin in geminin-overexpressing cells. Tumors formed following injection of geminin-overexpressing cells admixed with MSCs/CAFs grew faster, metastasized earlier, especially to lungs, and were extremely sensitive to anti-c-Abl, anti-RAGE, and anti-AXL drugs. These data support an intrinsic ability in geminin-overexpressing tumor cells to promote their metastatic potential through recruitment and bi-directional interactions with MSCs/CAFs and M2-TAMs.
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Therapeutic Effects of Ten Commonly Used Chinese Herbs and Their Bioactive Compounds on Cancers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6057837. [PMID: 31636686 PMCID: PMC6766161 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6057837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy is one of the biggest global challenges. Conventional cancer therapies have been at the forefront of combating cancers, but more evidence showed considerable side effects, limiting their use. There are various new therapies in development, but combined approaches for treating cancer are much expected. Natural herbs had been traditionally in use for cancer therapy in most parts of the world. In this review, we have examined ten commonly used Chinese herbs that have, for centuries, shown effectiveness in treating cancers. They demonstrated the abilities to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibit their metastasis, activate the patient's anticancer immunity, and synergistically increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy when used in combination. Clinical experiences had proved that these herbs and their bioactive compounds were effective against a plethora of cancers through a variety of mechanisms, effectively improving patients' quality of life without significant side effects. These advantages indicate that there are huge potentials in the development of Chinese herbs into cancer medicine as part of a promising, holistic cancer treatment modality.
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18
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Li CJ, Chu PY, Yiang GT, Wu MY. The Molecular Mechanism of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition for Breast Carcinogenesis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090476. [PMID: 31514467 PMCID: PMC6770718 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays multiple regulatory roles in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. TGF-β can inhibit the growth and proliferation of epithelial cells and induce apoptosis, thereby playing a role in inhibiting breast cancer. Therefore, the loss of response in epithelial cells that leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation due to TGF-β is a landmark event in tumorigenesis. As tumors progress, TGF-β can promote tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. At present, the above-mentioned role of TGF-β is related to the interaction of multiple signaling pathways in the cell, which can attenuate or abolish the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis-promoting effects of TGF-β and enhance its promotion of tumor progression. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways in tumor progression and the effects of these interactions on tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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19
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Wang S, Li L, Shi L. Identification of a key candidate gene‑phenotype network mediated by glycyrrhizic acid using pharmacogenomic analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2657-2666. [PMID: 31322195 PMCID: PMC6691250 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory agent in cases of chronic hepatitis. However, its underlying mechanisms in diverse biological processes and its reported benefits are yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, an analytical method based on pharmacogenomics was established to mine disease-modulatory activities mediated by GA. Five primary protein targets and 138 functional partners were identified for GA by querying open-source databases, including Drugbank and STRING. Subsequently, GA-associated primary and secondary protein targets were integrated into Cytoscape to construct a protein-protein interaction network to establish connectivity. GA-associated target genes were then clustered based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. The tumor necrosis factor axis was revealed to be a primary module regulated by GA-associated targets. Furthermore, 12 hub genes were queried to assess their potential anti-cancer effects using cBioPortal. The results indicated that pharmacogenomics-based analysis improved understanding of the underlying drug-target events of GA and provided predictive and definitive leads for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Wang
- Xiaoshan Biotechnology Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Long Shi
- Xiaoshan Biotechnology Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, P.R. China
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20
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Metabolomic Study on Nude Mice Models of Gastric Cancer Treated with Modified Si Jun Zi Tang via HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3817879. [PMID: 31341492 PMCID: PMC6612382 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3817879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metabolomic methods have been used to explore the complex pathogenesis of cancer and the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae. In this study, first, modified Si Jun Zi Tang (MSJZT) was prepared with strict quality control using the instrument method of ultra performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA). Subsequently, in vivo experiments with tumour-bearing nude mice demonstrated that MSJZT exerted good antitumour effects. MSJZT not only significantly increased mouse body weight but also shrank the tumour volume. Then, the HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach was used for exploring the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and the molecular mechanism of MSJZT. A total of 59 potential biomarkers in plasma were identified, and 6 pathways were found to be disturbed in gastric cancer. In contrast, after 3 weeks of MSJZT intervention, 32 potential biomarkers were identified, and 4 altered pathways were detected. The changes in glycolytic, amino acid, and lipid metabolisms could be partially regulated by MSJZT through decreasing the content of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (PCYT2) mRNA, and protein level. In conclusion, we established a HILIC UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomic analysis method to demonstrate a complex metabolic profile of gastric cancer. The disordered metabolism could be partially regulated by MSJZT. These findings not only establish a solid foundation for TCM to treat gastric cancer but also provide a basis for further exploration of the precise mechanism of MSJZT activity.
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Do Different Species of Sargassum in Haizao Yuhu Decoction Cause Different Effects in a Rat Goiter Model? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5645620. [PMID: 30723515 PMCID: PMC6339761 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5645620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum species combined with Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a famous herbal pair in traditional Chinese medicine, as one of the so-called “eighteen antagonistic medicaments.” In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, two different species of Sargassum, Sargassum pallidum and Sargassum fusiforme, are recorded but they are not clearly differentiated in clinical use. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the two species of Sargassum could result in different effects when combined with G. uralensis in Haizao Yuhu Decoction (HYD), which is used for treating thyroid-related diseases, especially goiter. HYD containing S. pallidum or S. fusiforme was administered to rats with propylthiouracil-induced goiter. After 4 weeks, pathological changes in the thyroid tissue and the relative thyroid weight indicated that HYD containing S. pallidum or S. fusiforme protected thyroid tissues from propylthiouracil damage. Neither species increased the propylthiouracil-induced decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormones. However, there were some differences in their actions, and only HYD containing S. fusiforme abated the propylthiouracil-induced elevation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and activated thyroglobulin mRNA expression.
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Sui X, Li Y, Sun Y, Li C, Li X, Zhang G. Expression and significance of autophagy genes LC3, Beclin1 and MMP-2 in endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1958-1962. [PMID: 30186424 PMCID: PMC6122207 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of autophagy-related proteins, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was investigated in serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis (EM). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of MMP-2, LC3 and Beclin1 in endometrial tissues of EM patients and correlation of these genes with EM and their significance were evaluated. The serum, peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissues of 84 patients treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University (Qiqihar, China) from March 2016 to March 2017 were collected. The serum, peritoneal fluid and endometrial tissues of 42 EM patients were used as the experimental group, while those of 42 non-EM patients were used as the control group. The levels of LC3, Beclin1 and MMP-2 in serum and peritoneal fluid of EM patients and non-EM patients were quantitatively detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by comparative analysis based on data in both groups. In addition, mRNA expression of LC3, Beclin1 and MMP-2 in the endometrium in both groups were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and differences in expression of these genes between the groups were analyzed and evaluated. Correlation of LC3, Beclin1 and MMP-2 with EM was explored. Results of ELISA showed that levels of LC3 and Beclin1 in the EM group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while levels of MMP-2 in serum and peritoneal fluid of the EM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Results of RT-qPCR revealed that mRNA expression of LC3 and Beclin1 in the endometrium of patients in the EM group were obviously decreased compared with those in the control group, while the expression of MMP-2 was high, and differences in expression were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-2 is high, and expression of LC3 and Beclin1 is low in serum, peritoneal fluid and endometrium of EM patients, and investigating the expression of MMP-2, LC3 and Beclin1 in EM is helpful to further clarify the pathogenesis of EM, and guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161041, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Sun
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161041, P.R. China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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