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Geographic Mosaic of Extensive Genetic Variations in Subterranean Mole Voles Ellobius alaicus as a Consequence of Habitat Fragmentation and Hybridization. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050728. [PMID: 35629395 PMCID: PMC9146075 DOI: 10.3390/life12050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted mobility, sociality, and high inbreeding—characteristic for subterranean mammals—lead to rapid changes in their genome structure. Up to now, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus was a data-deficient species; its spatial and phylogenetic relationships with a sibling species, E. tancrei, were not clarified. We carried out a genetic analysis including differential G-banding of chromosomes and mitochondrial (cytb) and nuclear gene (XIST and IRBP) sequencing. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on cytb represented the expected phylogenetic relationships of two species. Using the XIST, we revealed two new lineages among E. alaicus from the Alay Valley (Southern Kyrgyzstan). Analysis of IRBP demonstrated presence of the specific genotype in most of E. alaicus specimens, but also revealed the haplotype, typical for E. tancrei, in some Alay mole voles. The results may be explained as persistence of ancestral gene polymorphism in E. alaicus or limited interspecific hybridization with E. tancrei. Several chromosomal forms were revealed in E. alaicus in the Alay Valley. We propose that ‘mosaic’ genetic polymorphism might appear in E. alaicus due to fragmentation of their habitats in highlands of the Alay Valley, Tien Shan, and Pamir-Alay as well as due to hybridization with E. tancrei or persistence of ancestral polymorphisms.
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Weakened inbreeding avoidance in a monogamous subterranean vole, Ellobius tancrei. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matveevsky S, Tretiakov A, Kashintsova A, Bakloushinskaya I, Kolomiets O. Meiotic Nuclear Architecture in Distinct Mole Vole Hybrids with Robertsonian Translocations: Chromosome Chains, Stretched Centromeres, and Distorted Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7630. [PMID: 33076404 PMCID: PMC7589776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome functioning in hybrids faces inconsistency. This mismatch is manifested clearly in meiosis during chromosome synapsis and recombination. Species with chromosomal variability can be a model for exploring genomic battles with high visibility due to the use of advanced immunocytochemical methods. We studied synaptonemal complexes (SC) and prophase I processes in 44-chromosome intraspecific (Ellobius tancrei × E. tancrei) and interspecific (Ellobius talpinus × E. tancrei) hybrid mole voles heterozygous for 10 Robertsonian translocations. The same pachytene failures were found for both types of hybrids. In the intraspecific hybrid, the chains were visible in the pachytene stage, then 10 closed SC trivalents formed in the late pachytene and diplotene stage. In the interspecific hybrid, as a rule, SC trivalents composed the SC chains and rarely could form closed configurations. Metacentrics involved with SC trivalents had stretched centromeres in interspecific hybrids. Linkage between neighboring SC trivalents was maintained by stretched centromeric regions of acrocentrics. This centromeric plasticity in structure and dynamics of SC trivalents was found for the first time. We assume that stretched centromeres were a marker of altered nuclear architecture in heterozygotes due to differences in the ancestral chromosomal territories of the parental species. Restructuring of the intranuclear organization and meiotic disturbances can contribute to the sterility of interspecific hybrids, and lead to the reproductive isolation of studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Matveevsky
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Artemii Tretiakov
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Anna Kashintsova
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution and Mechanisms of Speciation, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.K.); (O.K.)
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Lebedev V, Bogdanov A, Brandler O, Melnikova M, Enkhbat U, Tukhbatullin A, Abramov A, Surov A, Bakloushinskaya I, Bannikova A. Cryptic variation in mole volesEllobius(Arvicolinae, Rodentia) of Mongolia. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Oleg Brandler
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Marina Melnikova
- Biology Faculty; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Undrakhbayar Enkhbat
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology of Mongolian Academy of Science; Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | - Andrey Tukhbatullin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexei Abramov
- Zoological Institute, Laboratory of Mammals; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexey Surov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Anna Bannikova
- Biology Faculty; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
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Zadesenets KS, Jetybayev IY, Schärer L, Rubtsov NB. Genome and Karyotype Reorganization after Whole Genome Duplication in Free-Living Flatworms of the Genus Macrostomum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E680. [PMID: 31968653 PMCID: PMC7013459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Macrostomum represents a diverse group of rhabditophoran flatworms with >200 species occurring around the world. Earlier we uncovered karyotype instability linked to hidden polyploidy in both M. lignano (2n = 8) and its sibling species M. janickei (2n = 10), prompting interest in the karyotype organization of close relatives. In this study, we investigated chromosome organization in two recently described and closely related Macrostomum species, M. mirumnovem and M. cliftonensis, and explored karyotype instability in laboratory lines and cultures of M. lignano (DV1/10, 2n = 10) and M. janickei in more detail. We revealed that three of the four studied species are characterized by karyotype instability, while M. cliftonensis showed a stable 2n = 6 karyotype. Next, we performed comparative cytogenetics of these species using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a set of DNA probes (including microdissected DNA probes generated from M. lignano chromosomes, rDNA, and telomeric DNA). To explore the chromosome organization of the unusual 2n = 9 karyotype discovered in M. mirumnovem, we then generated chromosome-specific DNA probes for all chromosomes of this species. Similar to M. lignano and M. janickei, our findings suggest that M. mirumnovem arose via whole genome duplication (WGD) followed by considerable chromosome reshuffling. We discuss possible evolutionary scenarios for the emergence and reorganization of the karyotypes of these Macrostomum species and consider their suitability as promising animal models for studying the mechanisms and regularities of karyotype and genome evolution after a recent WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S. Zadesenets
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Ilyas Y. Jetybayev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Lukas Schärer
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Nikolay B. Rubtsov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Lavrentiev ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Romanenko SA, Lyapunova EA, Saidov AS, O'Brien PCM, Serdyukova NA, Ferguson-Smith MA, Graphodatsky AS, Bakloushinskaya I. Chromosome Translocations as a Driver of Diversification in Mole Voles Ellobius (Rodentia, Mammalia). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4466. [PMID: 31510061 PMCID: PMC6769443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of chromosome changes in the initial steps of speciation is controversial. Here we examine diversification trends within the mole voles Ellobius, a group of subterranean rodents. The first description of their chromosome variability was published almost 40 years ago. Studying the G-band structure of chromosomes in numerous individuals revealed subsequent homologous, step-by-step, Robertsonian translocations, which changed diploid numbers from 54 to 30. Here we used a molecular cytogenetic strategy which demonstrates that chromosomal translocations are not always homologous; consequently, karyotypes with the same diploid number can carry different combinations of metacentrics. We further showed that at least three chromosomal forms with 2n = 34 and distinct metacentrics inhabit the Pamir-Alay mountains. Each of these forms independently hybridized with E. tancrei, 2n = 54, forming separate hybrid zones. The chromosomal variations correlate slightly with geographic barriers. Additionally, we confirmed that the emergence of partial or monobrachial homology appeared to be a strong barrier for hybridization in nature, in contradistinction to experiments which we reported earlier. We discuss the possibility of whole arm reciprocal translocations for mole voles. Our findings suggest that chromosomal translocations lead to diversification and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Romanenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Elena A Lyapunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Abdusattor S Saidov
- Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan.
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Natalia A Serdyukova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander S Graphodatsky
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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Bakloushinskaya I, Lyapunova EA, Saidov AS, Romanenko SA, O’Brien PC, Serdyukova NA, Ferguson-Smith MA, Matveevsky S, Bogdanov AS. Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobiusalaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2019; 13:147-177. [PMID: 31275526 PMCID: PMC6597615 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v13i2.34224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods. The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole vole Ellobiusalaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 is one of three sibling species constituting the subgenus Ellobius Fischer, 1814, all of which lost the Y chromosome and obtained isomorphic XX sex chromosomes in both males and females. E.alaicus is evaluated by IUCN as a data deficient species because their distribution, biology, and genetics are almost unknown. We revealed specific karyotypic variability (2n = 52-48) in E.alaicus due to different Robertsonian translocations (Rbs). Two variants of hybrids (2n = 53, different Rbs) with E.tancrei Blasius, 1884 were found at the Northern slopes of the Alay Ridge and in the Naryn district, Kyrgyzstan. We described the sudden change in chromosome numbers from 2n = 50 to 48 and specific karyotype structure for mole voles, which inhabit the entrance to the Alay Valley (Tajikistan), and revealed their affiliation as E.alaicus by cytochrome b and fragments of nuclear XIST and Rspo1 genes sequencing. To date, it is possible to expand the range of E.alaicus from the Alay Valley (South Kyrgyzstan) up to the Ferghana Ridge and the Naryn Basin, Tien Shan at the north-east and to the Pamir-Alay Mountains (Tajikistan) at the west. The closeness of E.tancrei and E.alaicus is supported, whereas specific chromosome and molecular changes, as well as geographic distribution, verified the species status for E.alaicus. The case of Ellobius species accented an unevenness in rates of chromosome and nucleotide changes along with morphological similarity, which is emblematic for cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Elena A. Lyapunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Abdusattor S. Saidov
- Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, TajikistanPavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of TajikistanDushanbeTajikistan
| | - Svetlana A. Romanenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RussiaNovosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirskRussia
| | - Patricia C.M. O’Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Natalia A. Serdyukova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch RAS, Novosibirsk, RussiaInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergey Matveevsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaVavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Alexey S. Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
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Pavlova SV, Aniskin VM, Shchipanov NA. A new chromosomal race of the common shrew Sorex araneus (Lipotyphla, Mammalia) found in Russia. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Matveevsky S, Kolomiets O, Bogdanov A, Hakhverdyan M, Bakloushinskaya I. Chromosomal Evolution in Mole Voles Ellobius (Cricetidae, Rodentia): Bizarre Sex Chromosomes, Variable Autosomes and Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E306. [PMID: 29099806 PMCID: PMC5704219 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on extensive experimental material covering more than 30 years of studying the genetics of mole voles. Sex chromosomes of Ellobius demonstrate an extraordinary case of mammalian sex chromosomes evolution. Five species of mole voles own three types of sex chromosomes; typical for placentals: XY♂/XX♀; and atypical X0♂/X0♀; or XX♂/XX♀. Mechanisms of sex determination in all Ellobius species remain enigmatic. It was supposed that the Y chromosome was lost twice and independently in subgenera Bramus and Ellobius. Previous to the Y being lost, the X chromosome in distinct species obtained some parts of the Y chromosome, with or without Sry, and accumulated one or several copies of the Eif2s3y gene. Along with enormous variations of sex chromosomes, genes of sex determination pathway and autosomes, and five mole vole species demonstrate ability to establish different meiotic mechanisms, which stabilize their genetic systems and make it possible to overcome the evolutionary deadlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Matveevsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | | | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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Smorkatcheva A, Kumaitova A, Kuprina K. Make haste slowly: reproduction in the Zaisan mole vole (Ellobius tancrei). CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mole voles are the most specialized subterranean members of the subfamily Arvicolinae. We assess the basic reproductive parameters of the Zaisan mole vole (Ellobius tancrei Blasius, 1884) and compare our data with the characteristics reported for other Ellobius species and surface-dwelling voles. In most respects, reproduction of the E. tancrei follows the pattern that is typical for voles. Females undergo postpartum estrus, but rarely combine pregnancy with lactation. The rate of embryonic and postembryonic growth (0.13 and 0.54 g/day, respectively) are slightly lower, whereas the relative neonate and weanling masses (8% and 40% of maternal mass, respectively) are slightly higher than the respective values predicted for non-subterranean arvicolines. The combination of these trends results in the protracted pregnancy and lactation (both ∼30 days). The age at first breeding is delayed (>2.5 months). Despite heavy weanlings, total maternal investment per litter in E. tancrei is low due to small litter size (2.31). Although the species of Ellobius are similar to each other by the parameters of developmental time, they vary by litter size, total investment per litter, and possibly by relative neonate body mass. This is consistent with the idea that when body-size effect is removed, fecundity variables and degree of precociality at birth are dissociated from timing variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Smorkatcheva
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A.R. Kumaitova
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K.V. Kuprina
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Bogdanov AS, Lebedev VS, Zykov AE, Bakloushinskaya IY. Variability of cytochrome b gene and adjacent part of tRNA-Thr gene of mitochondrial DNA in the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus (Mammalia, Rodentia). RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415120042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Matveevsky S, Bakloushinskaya I, Tambovtseva V, Romanenko S, Kolomiets O. Analysis of meiotic chromosome structure and behavior in Robertsonian heterozygotes of Ellobius tancrei (Rodentia, Cricetidae): a case of monobrachial homology. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:691-706. [PMID: 26752380 PMCID: PMC4698581 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Synaptonemal complex (SC) chains were revealed in semisterile intraspecific F1 hybrids of Ellobius tancrei Blasius, 1884 (2n = 49, NF=56 and 2n=50, NF=56), heterozygous for Robertsonian (Rb) translocations. Chains were formed by Rb submetacentrics with monobrachial homology. Chromosome synapsis in spermatocytes of these hybrids was disturbed, apparently because of the problematic release of the chromosomes from the SC chains. These hybrids suffer from low fertility, and our data support the opinion that this is because a formation of Rb metacentrics with monobrachial homology within different races of the same species might be an initial event for the divergence of chromosomal forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Matveevsky
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, 3 Gubkin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS, 26 Vavilov st., Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Romanenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, RAS, 8/2 Av. Acad. Lavrent’ev, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, 3 Gubkin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
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