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Peña-Salinas ME, Speth DR, Utter DR, Spelz RM, Lim S, Zierenberg R, Caress DW, Núñez PG, Vázquez R, Orphan VJ. Thermotogota diversity and distribution patterns revealed in Auka and JaichMaa 'ja 'ag hydrothermal vent fields in the Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17724. [PMID: 39175749 PMCID: PMC11340630 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovering new deep hydrothermal vent systems is one of the biggest challenges in ocean exploration. They are a unique window to elucidate the physical, geochemical, and biological processes that occur on the seafloor and are involved in the evolution of life on Earth. In this study, we present a molecular analysis of the microbial composition within the newly discovered hydrothermal vent field, JaichMaa 'ja 'ag, situated in the Southern Pescadero Basin within the Gulf of California. During the cruise expedition FK181031 in 2018, 33 sediment cores were collected from various sites within the Pescadero vent fields and processed for 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and geochemical analysis. Correlative analysis of the chemical composition of hydrothermal pore fluids and microbial abundances identified several sediment-associated phyla, including Thermotogota, that appear to be enriched in sediment horizons impacted by hydrothermal fluid flow. Comparative analysis of Thermotogota with the previously explored Auka hydrothermal vent field situated 2 km away displayed broad similarity between the two locations, although at finer scales (e.g., ASV level), there were notable differences that point to core-to-core and site-level factors revealing distinct patterns of distribution and abundance within these two sediment-hosted hydrothermal vent fields. These patterns are intricately linked to the specific physical and geochemical conditions defining each vent, illuminating the complexity of this unique deep ocean chemosynthetic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manet E. Peña-Salinas
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Astrobiología, Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Daan R. Speth
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Daniel R. Utter
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Ronald M. Spelz
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Sujung Lim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Robert Zierenberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - David W. Caress
- Science Division, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States
| | - Patricia G. Núñez
- Laboratorio de Astrobiología, Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Roberto Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Astrobiología, Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Victoria J. Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
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2
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Wicksten MK, Conway KW. The Chirostyloidea of the Northeastern Pacific: Host Associations, Range Extensions and a New Species (Decapoda: Anomura). Zootaxa 2023; 5284:167-176. [PMID: 37518744 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Four species of chirostyloid squat lobsters, including a new species and a range extension are reported herein from California. Uroptychus nicoleae sp.nov. was collected on a black coral, Lillipathes sp. off San Clemente Island. It is characterized by a rostrum bearing 1 or 2 lateral teeth, the carapace having 5 lateral spines and a belt of 15 spinules on the anterior dorsal surface, and the dactyls of pereopods 2-5 are curved and bearing a continuous row of 6-8 teeth. The new species is morphologically similar to U. bellus of the southwestern Pacific. The color in life is red and pink. Uroptychus occidentalis is reported for the first time off California. The chirostyloids Sternostylus iaspis and S. perarmatus, which also occur off California, are shown in video still images from a remotely operated vehicle. They inhabit antipatharians and soft corals (Primnoidae) and are easily distinguished from species of Uroptychus by their elongate chelipeds and spinose carapaces. We provide northern range extensions for Uroptychus bellus, Sternostylus defensus and Heteroptychus galapagos collected off Costa Rica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Wicksten
- Department of Biology; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77834-3258; U.S.A..
| | - Kevin W Conway
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station; Texas 77843-3258; U.S.A..
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Gonzalez BC, González VL, Martínez A, Worsaae K, Osborn KJ. A transcriptome-based phylogeny for Polynoidae (Annelida: Aphroditiformia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107811. [PMID: 37169231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polynoidae is the most diverse radiation of Aphroditiformia and one of the most successful groups of all Annelida in terms of diversity and habitats colonized. With such an unmatched diversity, phylogenetic investigations have struggled to understand their evolutionary relationships. Previous phylogenetic analyses have slowly increased taxon sampling and employed methodologies, but despite their diversity and biological importance, large genomic sampling is limited. To investigate the internal relationships within Polynoidae, we conducted the first phylogenomic analyses of the group based on 12 transcriptomes collected from species inhabiting a broad array of habitats, including shallow and deep waters, as well as hydrothermal vents, anchialine caves and the midwater. Our phylogenomic analyses of Polynoidae recovered congruent tree topologies representing the clades Polynoinae, Macellicephalinae and Lepidonotopodinae. Members of Polynoinae and Macellicephalinae clustered in well supported and independent clades. In contrast, Lepidonotopodinae taxa were always recovered nested within Macellicephalinae. Though our sampling only covers a small proportion of the species known for Polynoidae, our results provide a robust phylogenomic framework to build from, emphasizing previously hypothesized relationships between Macellicephalinae and Lepidonotopodinae taxa, while providing new insights on the origin of enigmatic cave and pelagic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Gonzalez
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USA.
| | - Vanessa L González
- Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Largo Tonolli, 50, 28922. Pallanza, Italy
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen J Osborn
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USA; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
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Reevaluation of the Systematic Status of Branchinotogluma (Annelida, Polynoidae), with the Establishment of Two New Species. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1490800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Branchinotogluma is one of the most diverse genera among the polynoids inhabiting deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. A total of 14 species have been described from the hydrothermal vents and cold seeps worldwide. Our phylogenetic analyses based on four genes (COI, 16S, 18S, and 28S rRNA) recovered the current Branchinotogluma as paraphyletic, with seven clades scattered in two main clades. The monophyly of the main clade composed of Branchinotogluma (except Branchinotogluma segonzaci), Branchipolynoe, and Peinaleopolynoe is supported by the presence of 20–21 segments with 9–10 pairs of elytra, ventral papillae starting from segment 12 in males, and arborescent branchiae. The monophyly of another main clade composed of B. segonzaci, Bathykurila, Lepidonotopodium, Levensteiniella, and Thermopolynoe is supported by the presence of usually 22–30 segments with 11 pairs of elytra and the lack of ventral papillae in females. In addition, our study recognized two new species, Branchinotogluma nanhaiensis sp. nov. and B. robusta sp. nov., based on specimens collected from the deep-sea cold seeps in the South China Sea. Both the morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the validity of the two new species and the sister relationships between B. nanhaiensis and B. japonicus and between B. robusta and B. pettiboneae as well.
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Allentoft-Larsen MC, Gonzalez BC, Daniels J, Katija K, Osborn K, Worsaae K. Muscular adaptations in swimming scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210541. [PMID: 34659778 PMCID: PMC8511760 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Annelids are predominantly found along with the seafloor, but over time have colonized a vast diversity of habitats, such as the water column, where different modes of locomotion are necessary. Yet, little is known about their potential muscular adaptation to the continuous swimming behaviour required in the water column. The musculature and motility were examined for five scale worm species of Polynoidae (Aphroditiformia, Annelida) found in shallow waters, deep sea or caves and which exhibit crawling, occasional swimming or continuous swimming, respectively. Their parapodial musculature was reconstructed using microCT and computational three-dimensional analyses, and the muscular functions were interpreted from video recordings of their locomotion. Since most benthic scale worms are able to swim for short distances using body and parapodial muscle movements, suitable musculature for swimming is already present. Our results indicate that rather than rearrangements or addition of muscles, a shift to a pelagic lifestyle is mainly accompanied by structural loss of muscle bundles and density, as well as elongation of extrinsic dorsal and ventral parapodial muscles. Our study documents clear differences in locomotion and musculature among closely related annelids with different lifestyles as well as points to myoanatomical adaptations for accessing the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C. Allentoft-Larsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100-DK, Denmark
| | - Brett C. Gonzalez
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Joost Daniels
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Kakani Katija
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Karen Osborn
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100-DK, Denmark
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Kim BM, Nam SE, Lee S, Kihm JH, Park TYS, Rhee JS. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the scale worm, Eunoe nodosa (Phyllodocida; Polynoidae) from the Beaufort Sea. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:2835-2837. [PMID: 34514145 PMCID: PMC8425739 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1955768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the mitogenome data available for robust phylogeny, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial DNA of the scale worm Eunoe nodosa (Sars, 1861) in the family Polynoidae of the order Phyllodocida. The complete mitogenome has 15,366 bp and has 28.9% A, 13.2% C, 19.0% G, and 38.8% T. Using MITOS and tRNAscan-SE, we identified the 13 typical protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a non-coding region. Phylogenomic analysis based on 27 in-group taxa belonging to five families of the subclass Errantia show congruence with the published phylogenetic relationship within the Polynoidae, in which E. nodosa lies in the clade of shallow water species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Somyeong Lee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kihm
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon S. Park
- Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
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Gonzalez BC, Martínez A, Worsaae K, Osborn KJ. Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida). Sci Rep 2021; 11:10718. [PMID: 34021174 PMCID: PMC8139957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Across Annelida, accessing the water column drives morphological and lifestyle modifications-yet in the primarily "benthic" scale worms, the ecological significance of swimming has largely been ignored. We investigated genetic, morphological and behavioural adaptations associated with swimming across Polynoidae, using mitogenomics and comparative methods. Mitochondrial genomes from cave and pelagic polynoids were highly similar, with non-significant rearrangements only present in cave Gesiella. Gene orders of the new mitogenomes were highly similar to shallow water species, suggestive of an underlying polynoid ground pattern. Being the first phylogenetic analyses to include the holopelagic Drieschia, we recovered this species nested among shallow water terminals, suggesting a shallow water ancestry. Based on these results, our phylogenetic reconstructions showed that swimming evolved independently three times in Polynoidae, involving convergent adaptations in morphology and motility patterns across the deep sea (Branchipolynoe), midwater (Drieschia) and anchialine caves (Pelagomacellicephala and Gesiella). Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) analyses showed that holopelagic and anchialine cave species exhibit hypertrophy of the dorsal cirri, yet, these morphological modifications are achieved along different evolutionary pathways, i.e., elongation of the cirrophore versus style. Together, these findings suggest that a water column lifestyle elicits similar morphological adaptations, favouring bodies designed for drifting and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Gonzalez
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Largo Tonolli, 50, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Katrine Worsaae
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen J Osborn
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, USA
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA, USA
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Jimi N, Hookabe N, Moritaki T, Kimura T, Imura S. First evidence of male dwarfism in scale worms: A new species of Polynoidae (Annelida) from hermit crab and molluscan shells. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Jimi
- National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa Japan
| | - Natsumi Hookabe
- Graduate School of Science Misaki Marine Biological Station The University of Tokyo Miura Japan
| | | | - Taeko Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University Tsu Japan
| | - Satoshi Imura
- National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Tachikawa Japan
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On the Diversity of Phyllodocida (Annelida: Errantia), with a Focus on Glyceridae, Goniadidae, Nephtyidae, Polynoidae, Sphaerodoridae, Syllidae, and the Holoplanktonic Families. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodocida is a clade of errantiate annelids characterized by having ventral sensory palps, anterior enlarged cirri, axial muscular proboscis, compound chaetae (if present) with a single ligament, and of lacking dorsolateral folds. Members of most families date back to the Carboniferous, although the earliest fossil was dated from the Devonian. Phyllodocida holds 27 well-established and morphologically homogenous clades ranked as families, gathering more than 4600 currently accepted nominal species. Among them, Syllidae and Polynoidae are the most specious polychaete groups. Species of Phyllodocida are mainly found in the marine benthos, although a few inhabit freshwater, terrestrial and planktonic environments, and occur from intertidal to deep waters in all oceans. In this review, we (1) explore the current knowledge on species diversity trends (based on traditional species concept and molecular data), phylogeny, ecology, and geographic distribution for the whole group, (2) try to identify the main knowledge gaps, and (3) focus on selected families: Alciopidae, Goniadidae, Glyceridae, Iospilidae, Lopadorrhynchidae, Polynoidae, Pontodoridae, Nephtyidae, Sphaerodoridae, Syllidae, Tomopteridae, Typhloscolecidae, and Yndolaciidae. The highest species richness is concentrated in European, North American, and Australian continental shelves (reflecting a strong sampling bias). While most data come from shallow coastal and surface environments most world oceans are clearly under-studied. The overall trends indicate that new descriptions are constantly added through time and that less than 10% of the known species have molecular barcode information available.
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Goffredi SK, Motooka C, Fike DA, Gusmão LC, Tilic E, Rouse GW, Rodríguez E. Mixotrophic chemosynthesis in a deep-sea anemone from hydrothermal vents in the Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California. BMC Biol 2021; 19:8. [PMID: 33455582 PMCID: PMC7812739 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous deep-sea invertebrates, at both hydrothermal vents and methane seeps, have formed symbiotic associations with internal chemosynthetic bacteria in order to harness inorganic energy sources typically unavailable to animals. Despite success in nearly all marine habitats and their well-known associations with photosynthetic symbionts, Cnidaria remain one of the only phyla present in the deep-sea without a clearly documented example of dependence on chemosynthetic symbionts. RESULTS A new chemosynthetic symbiosis between the sea anemone Ostiactis pearseae and intracellular bacteria was discovered at ~ 3700 m deep hydrothermal vents in the southern Pescadero Basin, Gulf of California. Unlike most sea anemones observed from chemically reduced habitats, this species was observed in and amongst vigorously venting fluids, side-by-side with the chemosynthetic tubeworm Oasisia aff. alvinae. Individuals of O. pearseae displayed carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur tissue isotope values suggestive of a nutritional strategy distinct from the suspension feeding or prey capture conventionally employed by sea anemones. Molecular and microscopic evidence confirmed the presence of intracellular SUP05-related bacteria housed in the tentacle epidermis of O. pearseae specimens collected from 5 hydrothermally active structures within two vent fields ~ 2 km apart. SUP05 bacteria (Thioglobaceae) dominated the O. pearseae bacterial community, but were not recovered from other nearby anemones, and were generally rare in the surrounding water. Further, the specific Ostiactis-associated SUP05 phylotypes were not detected in the environment, indicating a specific association. Two unusual candidate bacterial phyla (the OD1 and BD1-5 groups) appear to associate exclusively with O. pearseae and may play a role in symbiont sulfur cycling. CONCLUSION The Cnidarian Ostiactis pearseae maintains a physical and nutritional alliance with chemosynthetic bacteria. The mixotrophic nature of this symbiosis is consistent with what is known about other cnidarians and the SUP05 bacterial group, in that they both form dynamic relationships to succeed in nature. The advantages gained by appropriating metabolic and structural resources from each other presumably contribute to their striking abundance in the Pescadero Basin, at the deepest known hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA
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