1
|
Wang W, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Liu T, Yao J, Peng X, Zhi M, Zhang M. HLA-DQA1*05 correlates with increased risk of anti-drug antibody development and reduced response to infliximab in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae074. [PMID: 39055374 PMCID: PMC11269678 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease (CD), such as infliximab, is often compromised by the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). The genetic variation HLA-DQA1*05 has been linked to the immunogenicity of biologics, influencing ADA formation. This study investigates the correlation between HLA-DQA1*05 and ADA formation in CD patients treated with infliximab in a Chinese Han population and assesses clinical outcomes. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 345 infliximab-exposed CD patients were genotyped for HLADQ A1*05A > G (rs2097432). We evaluated the risk of ADA development, loss of infliximab response, adverse events, and treatment discontinuation among variant and wild-type allele individuals. Results A higher percentage of patients with ADAs formation was observed in HLA-DQA1*05 G variant carriers compared with HLA-DQA1*05 wild-type carriers (58.5% vs 42.9%, P = 0.004). HLA-DQA1*05 carriage significantly increased the risk of ADAs development (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.65, 95% CI 1.18-2.30, P = 0.003) and was associated with a greater likelihood of infliximab response loss (adjusted HR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.78-3.68, P < 0.0001) and treatment discontinuation (adjusted HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.59-3.06, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, combined therapy with immunomodulators increased the risk of response loss in HLA-DQA1*05 variant carriers. Conclusions HLA-DQA1*05 significantly predicts ADAs formation and impacts treatment outcomes in infliximab-treated CD patients. Pre-treatment screening for this genetic factor could therefore be instrumental in personalizing anti-TNF therapy strategies for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Junzhang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakalyte R, Stropuviene S, Jasionyte G, Bagdonaite L, Venalis A. Association between PYTPN22 rs2476601, VEGF rs833070, TNFAIP3 rs6920220 Polymorphisms and Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Early Undifferentiated Arthritis Patients: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1824. [PMID: 37893542 PMCID: PMC10607990 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: About 40% of early undifferentiated arthritis (UA) progresses to rheumatoid (RA) or other chronic arthritis. Novel diagnostic tools predicting the risk for this progression are needed to identify the patients who would benefit from early aggressive treatment. Evidence on the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the development of RA has emerged. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between rs2476601, rs833070, and rs6920220 SNPs and UA progression to RA. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two UA patients were observed for 12 months. At study entry, demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed, and blood samples were drawn to investigate levels of inflammatory markers, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP)detect SNPs. After 12 months, UA outcomes were assessed, and patients were divided into two (RA and non-RA) groups. The association between the risk of progression to chronic inflammatory arthritis and analyzed SNPs was measured by computing odds ratios (OR). Results: After a 12-month follow-up, 27 (29.3%) patients developed RA, and 65 (70.7%) patients were assigned to the non-RA group. The arthritis of 21 patients (22.8%) from the non-RA group resolved completely, while the other 44 (47.2%) patients were diagnosed with another rheumatic inflammatory disease. The patients who developed RA had a significantly greater number of tender and swollen joints (p = 0.010 and p = 0.021 respectively) and were more frequently RF or anti-CCP (p < 0.001), and both RF and anti-CCP positive (p < 0.001) at the baseline as compared with the patients in the non-RA group. No significant association between rs2476601 (OR = 0.99, p = 0.98), rs833070 (OR = 1.0, p = 0.97), and rs6920220 (OR = 0.48, p = 0.13) polymorphisms and the risk of developing RA were found. Conclusions: No association between analyzed SNPs and a greater risk to progress from UA to RA was confirmed, although patients with rs6920220 AA + AG genotypes had fewer tender joints at the disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sakalyte
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Stropuviene
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabija Jasionyte
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Bagdonaite
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Venalis
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sazonovs A, Kennedy NA, Moutsianas L, Heap GA, Rice DL, Reppell M, Bewshea CM, Chanchlani N, Walker GJ, Perry MH, McDonald TJ, Lees CW, Cummings JRF, Parkes M, Mansfield JC, Irving PM, Barrett JC, McGovern D, Goodhand JR, Anderson CA, Ahmad T. HLA-DQA1*05 Carriage Associated With Development of Anti-Drug Antibodies to Infliximab and Adalimumab in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:189-199. [PMID: 31600487 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies are the most widely used biologic drugs for treating immune-mediated diseases, but repeated administration can induce the formation of anti-drug antibodies. The ability to identify patients at increased risk for development of anti-drug antibodies would facilitate selection of therapy and use of preventative strategies. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study to identify variants associated with time to development of anti-drug antibodies in a discovery cohort of 1240 biologic-naïve patients with Crohn's disease starting infliximab or adalimumab therapy. Immunogenicity was defined as an anti-drug antibody titer ≥10 AU/mL using a drug-tolerant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significant association signals were confirmed in a replication cohort of 178 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS The HLA-DQA1*05 allele, carried by approximately 40% of Europeans, significantly increased the rate of immunogenicity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-2.25; P = 5.88 × 10-13). The highest rates of immunogenicity, 92% at 1 year, were observed in patients treated with infliximab monotherapy who carried HLA-DQA1*05; conversely the lowest rates of immunogenicity, 10% at 1 year, were observed in patients treated with adalimumab combination therapy who did not carry HLA-DQA1*05. We confirmed this finding in the replication cohort (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35-2.98; P = 6.60 × 10-4). This association was consistent for patients treated with adalimumab (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.32-2.70) or infliximab (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.57-2.33), and for patients treated with anti-TNF therapy alone (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.37-2.22) or in combination with an immunomodulator (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.57-2.58). CONCLUSIONS In an observational study, we found a genome-wide significant association between HLA-DQA1*05 and the development of antibodies against anti-TNF agents. A randomized controlled biomarker trial is required to determine whether pretreatment testing for HLA-DQA1*05 improves patient outcomes by helping physicians select anti-TNF and combination therapies. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03088449.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Graham A Heap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel L Rice
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Claire M Bewshea
- Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Neil Chanchlani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gareth J Walker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mandy H Perry
- Department of Blood Science, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy J McDonald
- Department of Blood Science, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlie W Lees
- Department of Gastroenterology, Western General Hospital, National Health Service Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J R Fraser Cummings
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Experimental Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Mansfield
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation, Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James R Goodhand
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK; Exeter Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pharmacogenetics Research Group, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relation to disease activity and severity. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:277-284. [PMID: 31933537 PMCID: PMC6953370 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.89602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study The present case control study was conducted to assess the association of LTA 252 A>G, TNF-α 308 G>A, and TNF-α 1031 T>C gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and their involvement in disease activity and severity. Material and methods A total of 70 Egyptians, including 35 RA patients and 35 healthy control individuals, were included in the study. The RA patients comprised 34 females and one male. Cases with RA were diagnosed by a rheumatologist and fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Modified disease activity score (DAS28) was used to assess disease activity. Van Der Heijde-modified Sharp score (vdHSS) was used to assess radiological changes for assessment of disease severity. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the association of LTA 252 A>G, TNF-α 308 G>A, and TNF-α 1031 T>C gene polymorphisms with RA. Results TNF-α 308 G allele and TNF-α 308 GG genotype were significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy control subjects (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001, respectively). TNF-α 308 G allele and GG genotype were significantly higher in the RA non-remission group compared to the remission group (p = 0.008, p < 0.001). Patients with the TNF-α 308 AG genotype had higher mean of Sharp score compared to the patients with the GG and AA genotypes (p = 0.007). There was no significant association between LTA 252 A>G and TNF-α 1031 T>C gene polymorphisms and RA. Conclusions Our results suggest that TNF-α 308 G/A gene polymorphism is genetically associated with RA and involved in disease activity and severity in Egyptian patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muazzam AG, Mansoor A, Ali L, Siddiqi S, Hameed A, Ajmal M, Mazhar K. Association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1alleles and haplotypes with rheumatoid arthritis in a Pakistani population. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R95. [PMID: 23968403 PMCID: PMC3978885 DOI: 10.1186/ar4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease with poorly understood pathophysiology. Genetic components of disease etiology, especially human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations, are well known. Ethnic differences account for a number of variations in disease association with the HLA locus and there seem to be differences in various studies regarding its genetic predisposition. This study was aimed at determining the contribution of DRB1 and DQB1 components of HLA class II in rheumatoid arthritis in a Pakistani cohort. Method For this study, 110 patients and 120 healthy controls from the same geographical area and matched ethnicity were enrolled. Blood DNA was isolated from all the subjects and HLA alleles were typed following allele specific amplification. Subsequently, haplotypes were generated and allelic and haplotype distribution frequencies were compared among the patients and controls using χ2 and Arlequin software. The data obtained by this analysis were also compared with other reported associations found in the Pakistani population by meta-analysis. Results HLA allelic status was determined among the patients and controls from the same geographical area to account for differences in ethnicity and environmental factors. Significant associations were found for alleles as well as haplotypes among the patients of rheumatoid arthritis. DRB1*10, DQB1*05 and DQB1*602 were found to be associated with disease susceptibility, whereas DRB1*11 and DQB1*02 had protective effect against the disease. Similarly, haplotype DRB1*10-DQB1*05 was associated disease risk, whereas DRB1*07-DQB1*02 and DRB1*11-DQB1*0301 had a protective effect. Conclusion There is a significant DRB1and DQB1 allele and haplotype association with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and protection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Laine M, Moustakis V, Koumakis L, Potamias G, Loos B. Modeling Susceptibility to Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2012; 92:45-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512465435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis have a complex pathogenesis and a multifactorial etiology, involving complex interactions between multiple genetic loci and infectious agents. We aimed to investigate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and bacteria on chronic periodontitis risk. We determined the prevalence of 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune response candidate genes and 7 bacterial species of potential relevance to periodontitis etiology, in chronic periodontitis patients and non-periodontitis control individuals (N = 385). Using decision tree analysis, we identified the presence of bacterial species Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and SNPs TNF -857 and IL-1A -889 as discriminators between periodontitis and non-periodontitis. The model reached an accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 73%, and AUC of 73%. This pilot study shows that, on the basis of 3 periodontal pathogens and SNPs, patterns may be recognized to identify patients at risk for periodontitis. Modern bioinformatics tools are valuable in modeling the multifactorial and complex nature of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Laine
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, and VU University Amsterdam, Department of Periodontology, The Netherlands
| | - V. Moustakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Production Engineering and Management, Chania, Greece
| | - L. Koumakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - G. Potamias
- Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - B.G. Loos
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, and VU University Amsterdam, Department of Periodontology, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boechat NDO, Ogusku MM, Boechat AL, Sadahiro A. Interaction between smoking and HLA-DRB1*04 gene is associated with a high cardiovascular risk in Brazilian Amazon patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41588. [PMID: 22912672 PMCID: PMC3418250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. The HLA-DRB1 gene locus plays a major role in genetic susceptibility to RA, a condition that has been associated with a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in many studies. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of this work was to investigate which types of HLA class II genes are associated with RA in patients from the Brazilian Amazon and their influence on high cardiovascular risk status in this population. For this purpose, a case-control study was carried out with a total of 350 non-Indian individuals made up of a cohort of 132 consecutive RA sufferers and 218 healthy controls. A χ2 test showed that HLADRB1*04 (p<0.0016; OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.29–2.79) and HLADRB1*10 (p = 0.0377; OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 1.16–12.50) are the major HLA genes associated with susceptibility to RA. A logistic regression model also showed that the interaction between HLADRB1*04 (p = 0.027; OR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.21–29.7), age (p = 0.0001; OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.13–1.39) and smoking (p = 0.0001; OR = 23.6; 95% CI = 4.25–32.1) is associated with a probability of a high cardiovascular risk status at an early age. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study show for the first time that HLA class II type is associated with RA in Brazilian Amazon populations and that a specific interaction between the HLA-DRB1*04 gene and smoking is associated with a high cardiovascular risk status, as initially reported in the European population. This study therefore contributes to an understanding of gene-environment interactions in RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjara de Oliveira Boechat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil
- Clínica de Artrite Reumatoide, Hospital Geral Adriano Jorge, Manaus, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Morish Ogusku
- Laboratório de Micobacteriologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Antonio Luiz Boechat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil
- Clínica de Artrite Reumatoide, Hospital Geral Adriano Jorge, Manaus, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Aya Sadahiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Wang A, Zeng H, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhu Y, Xu Y. Effect of Triptolide on T-Cell Receptor Beta Variable Gene mRNA Expression in Rats With Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:922-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
|