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D'Apolito M, Ariano A, D'Andrea G, Tiscia G, Santacroce R, Maffione AB, Margaglione M. Identification of the novel G250R variant indicates a role for Thrombomodulin in modulating the risk for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1827-1832. [PMID: 35436795 DOI: 10.1055/a-1827-7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin displays anticoagulant properties through thrombin binding and protein C activation. In close relatives who had a history of recurrent VTE, a missense variant (G250R) in the EGF-1 domain was identified. In an asymptomatic 250R carrier, higher thrombin generation plasma values were found. Evaluation of cells transfected with the wild-type or the mutant construct using imaging technologies and flow cytometry provided evidences that the 250R variant significantly decreased protein localization on cell membrane. The different pattern of cell distribution suggested that the 250R variant is not able to sufficiently target the plasma membrane. Present findings add information to characterize protein structure-function relationships, further suggesting that misfolding of the protein modulates the expression of mature protein. Functional analyses of the 250R variant increase our understanding of the role of Thrombomodulin in coagulation and support the hypothesis that gene variants reducing protein functionality cause deficiency and behave as a thrombophilic risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Apolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anastasia Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Genetica Medica - Scienze Biomediche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tiscia
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Genetica Medica - Scienze Biomediche, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Human Anatomy, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Clinical and Experimentale Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072583. [PMID: 32276399 PMCID: PMC7177520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When interferons (IFNs) bind to their receptors, they upregulate numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral and immune regulatory activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that affects over 71 million people in the global population. Hepatocytes infected with HCV produce types I and III IFNs. These endogenous IFNs upregulate a set of ISGs that negatively impact the outcome of pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin treatments, which were previously used to treat HCV. In addition, the IFNL4 genotype was the primary polymorphism responsible for a suboptimal treatment response to pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. However, recently developed direct-acting antivirals have demonstrated a high rate of sustained virological response without pegylated IFN-α. Herein, we review recent studies on types I and III IFN responses to in HCV-infected hepatocytes. In particular, we focused on open issues related to IFN responses in the direct-acting antiviral era.
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Sung PS, Lee EB, Park DJ, Lozada A, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK. Interferon-free treatment for hepatitis C virus infection induces normalization of extrahepatic type I interferon signaling. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018. [PMID: 29526079 PMCID: PMC6166108 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs). It is well known that the gene expression profile of PBMC is similar to that of the liver. The present study explored the dynamic gene expression profile of PBMCs collected from HCV-infected patients undergoing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Methods A prospective cohort comprising 27 patients under DAA therapy was formed. Expression level of IFN-β and its downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was measured in PBMCs before and after DAA treatment. Furthermore, immunoblotting was performed to identify the signaling molecules involved in the expression of ISGs. Results The pretreatment expression level of interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) correlated with the pretreatment expression level of IFN-β. After DAA treatment, a significant decrease in the expression levels of IFN-β, IFI44, and CXCL10 was observed in the PBMCs. Furthermore, the pretreatment expression level of IFN-β and ISGs correlated with the level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, and DAA treatment abrogated STAT1 phosphorylation. Conclusions Pretreatment activation of IFN-β response is rapidly normalized after DAA treatment. The present study suggests that the decreased type I IFN response by the clearance of HCV might contribute to DAA-induced alleviation of extrahepatic manifestation of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Soo Sung
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Byul Lee
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Angelo Lozada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makati Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ramos-Casals M, Zignego AL, Ferri C, Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Casato M, Lamprecht P, Mangia A, Saadoun D, Tzioufas AG, Younossi ZM, Cacoub P. Evidence-based recommendations on the management of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 2017; 66:1282-1299. [PMID: 28219772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramos-Casals
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Interdepartmental Center MASVE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Pilar Brito-Zerón
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital CIMA- Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Retamozo
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD (INICSA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET - CORDOBA - Argentina
| | - Milvia Casato
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology & Vasculitis Center, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Chairman, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Vice President for Research, Inova Health System, Professor of Medicine, VCU-Inova Campus, The Claude Moore Health Education and Research Center, Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005 Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, F-75013 Paris, France
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Mihăilă RG. Hepatitis C virus - associated B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6214-6223. [PMID: 27468211 PMCID: PMC4945980 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients are prone to develop bone marrow or various tissue infiltrates with monoclonal B cells, monoclonal B lymphocytosis or different types of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (BCNHL), of which the most common are splenic marginal zone BCNHL, diffuse large BCNHL and follicular lymphoma. The association between chronic HCV infection and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma has been observed especially in areas with high prevalence of this viral infection. Outside the limitations of some studies that have been conducted, there are also geographic, environmental, and genetic factors that contribute to the epidemiological differences. Various microenvironmental signals, such as cytokines, viral antigenic external stimulation of lymphocyte receptors by HCV antigens, and intercellular interactions contribute to B cell proliferation. HCV lymphotropism and chronic antigenic stimulation are involved in B-lymphocyte expansion, as mixted cryoglobulinemia or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, which can progress to BCNHL. HCV replication in B lymphocytes has oncogenic effect mediated by intracellular HCV proteins. It is also involved in an important induction of reactive oxygen species that can lead to permanent B lymphocyte damage, as DNA mutations, after binding to surface B-cell receptors. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder could appear and it has a multiclonal potentiality that may develop into different types of lymphomas. The hematopoietic stem cell transplant made for lymphoma in HCV-infected patients can increase the risk of earlier progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. HCV infected patients with indolent BCNHL who receive antiviral therapy can be potentially cured. Viral clearance was related to lymphoma response, fact that highlights the probable involvement of HCV in lymphomagenesis. Direct acting antiviral drugs could be a solution for the patients who did not tolerate or respond to interferon, as they seem to be safe and highly effective. The use of chemotherapy in combination with rituximab for the treatment of BCNHL in patients infected with HCV can produce liver dysfunction. The addition of immunotherapy with rituximab can increase the viral replication, and severe complications can occure especially in patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus or immune immunodeficiency virus, in those with hepatocarcinoma, cirrhosis, or liver cytolysis. But the final result of standard immunochemotherapy applied to diffuse large BCNHL patients with HCV infection is not notably worse than in those without this viral infection. The treatment of patients chronically infected with HCV and having BCNHL is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach and the risk / benefit ratio of rituximab treatment must be evaluated especially in those with liver cytolysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hepatitis C Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/therapy
- Humans
- Liver Transplantation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/therapy
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
- Splenic Neoplasms/immunology
- Splenic Neoplasms/therapy
- Virus Replication/immunology
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Bellanti F, Lauletta G, Villani R, Lipsi MR, Natalicchio MI, Sansonno D, Vendemiale G, Serviddio G. Combined Effects of 2 Interleukin 28B Polymorphisms on the Therapeutic Outcome of Hepatitis C Patients With Circulating Cryoglobulins. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1409. [PMID: 26334898 PMCID: PMC4616511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is commonly associated with extrahepatic manifestations. Cryoglobulins are observed in 40% to 60% of such patients and their presence seems to modify response to therapy. The new antivirals are greatly improving the sustained virological response (SVR); however, their high cost limits the use, leaving pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PR) still the standard-of-care therapy worldwide. Since PR therapy is burdened with several side effects, pretreatment predictions of patients who are unlikely to respond to this regimen may avoid ineffective treatment. Variants of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene correlate with an SVR to PR, and combined IL28B polymorphisms may improve the prediction of treatment outcome.The potential role of both rs8099917 and rs12979860 IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) combined with presence of cryoglobulins in predicting SVR to PR in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-chronically infected patients was analyzed in the present study.Single and combined IL28B SNPs (rs12979860 and rs8099917) were analyzed in 64 chronic HCV patients treated with PR showing circulating cryoglobulins and compared to 108 noncryoglobulinemic subjects to verify the predictive value on the SVR.The association of rs12979860CC or rs8099917TT with SVR was confirmed in the noncryoglobulinemic group but not in cryoglobulinemic patients. Moreover, the combined determination of both SNPs improved the prediction of SVR in noncryoglobulinemic patients but not in the cryoglobulinemic subgroup.We report that both single and combined determination of IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs in chronic HCV patients with circulating cryoglobulins treated with PR may have a reduced predictive value of SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, C.U.R.E. Centre for Liver Diseases Research and Treatment, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy (FB, RV, GV, GS); Liver Unit, Division of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy (GL, DS); and Department of Clinical Pathology, II Laboratory, Section of Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology, University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Foggia, Italy (MRL, MIN)
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Zignego AL, Gragnani L, Piluso A, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Ferri C. Virus-driven autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: the example of HCV infection. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:15-31. [PMID: 25534977 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.997214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HCV chronic infection is characterized by possible development of both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. The infection by this both hepatotropic and lymphotropic virus is responsible for polyoligoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion, leading to several immune-mediated disorders. Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome that in some cases may evolve to frank B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the prototype of HCV-driven autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. The HCV oncogenic potential has been suggested by several clinicoepidemiological and laboratory studies; it includes hepatocellular carcinoma, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and papillary thyroid cancer. The definition HCV syndrome refers to the complex of HCV-driven diseases; these latter are characterized by heterogeneous geographical distribution, suggesting a role of other important genetic and/or environmental cofactors. The natural history of HCV syndrome is the result of a multifactorial and multistep pathogenetic process, which may evolve from mild manifestations to systemic autoimmune disorders, and less frequently to malignant neoplasias. The present updated review analyzes the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the main HCV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linda Zignego
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MASVE), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Gan SJ, Ye B, Qian SX, Zhang C, Mao JQ, Li K, Tang JD. Immune- and Ribosome-Related Genes were Associated with Systemic Vasculitis. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:96-101. [PMID: 25410188 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Gan
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - B. Ye
- Department of Vasular Surgery; Ganzhou People’ Hospital; Ganzhou Jiangxi Province China
| | - S. X. Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - C. Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - J. Q. Mao
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - K. Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
| | - J. D. Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai China
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