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Rangra S, Rana D, Prajapati A, Benival D, Dwivedi P, Mandoli A. Nutritional and microbiota-based therapeutic interventions for alcohol-associated liver disease: From pathogenesis to therapeutic insights. Life Sci 2024; 352:122852. [PMID: 38909682 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) manifests as a consequence of prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption. This disease is closely associated with the interplay between gut health and liver function, which can lead to complex pathophysiological changes in the body. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of ALD's multifaceted nature, with a keen focus on its pathogenesis and the potential of nutritional and microbiota-based therapies. Insights derived from diverse case studies are utilized to shed light on how interventions can rebalance the gut microbiome and enhance liver function in ALD patients. Furthermore, the feasibility of liver transplantation and stem cell therapy as ultimate measures for ALD has been discussed, with acknowledgment of the inherent risks and challenges accompanying them. ALD's complexity underscores the necessity for a thorough understanding of its etiology and progression to devise effective treatments that mitigate its profound impact on an individual's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Rangra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), 382355, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), 382355, India
| | - Arvee Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), 382355, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), 382355, India
| | - Pradeep Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) - Jodhpur, 342005, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), 382355, India.
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Xu G, Ma T, Zhou C, Zhao F, Peng K, Li B. Combination of Pirfenidone and Andrographolide Ameliorates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis by Mediating TGF- β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2024; 2024:2751280. [PMID: 38946862 PMCID: PMC11213636 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2751280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating congenital disease characterized by inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Our study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and potential mechanism of pirfenidone (PFD) and andrographolide (AGP) separately and together on liver fibrosis of BA. Materials and Methods The bile ducts of male C57BL/6J mice were ligated or had the sham operation. The in vivo effects of PFD and/or AGP on liver fibrosis of BA were evaluated. Human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) were also treated with PFD and/or AGP in vitro. Results PFD and/or AGP ameliorates liver fibrosis and inflammation in the mice model of BA, as evidenced by significant downregulated in the accumulation of collagen fibers, hepatic fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen IV), and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Moreover, compared with monotherapy, these changes are more obvious in the combined treatment of PFD and AGP. Consistent with animal experiments, hepatic fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen I, and CTGF) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly decreased in activated LX-2 cells after PFD and/or AGP treatment. In addition, PFD and/or AGP inhibited the activation of HSCs by blocking the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and the combined treatment of PFD and AGP synergistically inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Conclusion The combined application of PFD and AGP exerted superior inhibitive effects on HSC activation and liver fibrosis by mediating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway as compared to monotherapy. Therefore, the combination of PFD and AGP may be a promising treatment strategy for liver fibrosis in BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xu
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Tidong Ma
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Chonggao Zhou
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Bixiang Li
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryHunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
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Song QW, Yuan YP, Sun QS, Zhan XD, Jiang YX, Tang XN. Effects of Bulleyaconitine A on Extracellular Matrix Secretion and Expression of Related Proteins in Acetaldehyde-Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:74-78. [PMID: 38955854 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells differentiate into myofibroblasts, which synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to liver fibrosis. It was previously demonstrated that bulleyaconitine A (BLA), an alkaloid from Aconitum bulleyanum, inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human hepatic Lieming Xu-2 (LX-2) cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of BLA on the production of ECM and related proteins by LX-2 cells activated with acetaldehyde (AA). The cells were randomized into the control group, AA group (cells activated with 400 μM AA), and BLA+AA group (cells cultured in the presence of 400 μM AA and 18.75 μg/ml BLA). In the BLA+AA group, the contents of collagens I and III and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were statistically significantly higher than in the control, but lower than in the AA group. Expression of MMP-1 in the BLA+AA group was also significantly higher than in the AA group, but lower than in the control. Expression of TIMP-1 in the BLA+AA group was significantly higher than in the control, but lower than in the AA group. Thus, BLA suppressed activation and proliferation of LX-2 cells by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling pathway and decreasing the content of collagens I and III by reducing the MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q W Song
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Y P Yuan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Q S Sun
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - X D Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Y X Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - X N Tang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Anhui, China.
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Wu T, Wang M, Ning F, Zhou S, Hu X, Xin H, Reilly S, Zhang X. Emerging role for branched-chain amino acids metabolism in fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106604. [PMID: 36503000 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological feature of organ diseases resulting from excessive production of extracellular matrix, which accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is currently no effective treatment targeting fibrogenesis. Recently, metabolic alterations are increasingly considered as essential factors underlying fibrogenesis, and especially research on metabolic regulation of amino acids is flourishing. Among them, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are the most abundant essential amino acids, including leucine, isoleucine and valine, which play significant roles in the substance and energy metabolism and their regulation. Dysregulation of BCAAs metabolism has been proven to contribute to numerous diseases. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of fibrosis and the changes in BCAAs metabolism secondary to fibrosis. We also review the effects and mechanisms of the BCAAs intervention, and its therapeutic targeting in hepatic, renal and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on the fibrosis in liver and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengling Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shilin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuetao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Zhangjiang Institute of Medical Innovation, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Roh PR, Kim SM, Kang BY, Mun KD, Park JG, Kang MW, Hur W, Han JW, Nam H, Yoon SK, Sung PS. Tenofovir alafenamide alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by blocking the phosphorylation of AKT in intrahepatic mononuclear phagocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lee HA, Chang Y, Sung PS, Yoon EL, Lee HW, Yoo JJ, Lee YS, An J, Song DS, Cho YY, Kim SU, Kim YJ. Therapeutic mechanisms and beneficial effects of non-antidiabetic drugs in chronic liver diseases. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:425-472. [PMID: 35850495 PMCID: PMC9293616 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic liver disease (CLD) is substantial. Due to the limited indication of and accessibility to antiviral therapy in viral hepatitis and lack of effective pharmacological treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the beneficial effects of antidiabetics and non-antidiabetics in clinical practice have been continuously investigated in patients with CLD. In this narrative review, we focused on non-antidiabetic drugs, including ursodeoxycholic acid, silymarin, dimethyl4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylenedixoybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate, L-ornithine L-aspartate, branched chain amino acids, statin, probiotics, vitamin E, and aspirin, and summarized their beneficial effects in CLD. Based on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulatory functions in glucose or lipid metabolism, several non-antidiabetic drugs have shown beneficial effects in improving liver histology, aminotransferase level, and metabolic parameters and reducing risks of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality, without significant safety concerns, in patients with CLD. Although the effect as the centerpiece management in patients with CLD is not robust, the use of these non-antidiabetic drugs might be potentially beneficial as an adjuvant or combined treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ah Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Do Seon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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