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Zhang R, Yan Z, Zhong H, Luo R, Liu W, Xiong S, Liu Q, Liu M. Gut microbial metabolites in MASLD: Implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0484. [PMID: 38967596 PMCID: PMC11227362 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a major global health problem. MASLD is well-known as a multifactorial disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in the gut bacteria are 2 vital events in MASLD. Recent studies have highlighted the cross-talk between microbiota and mitochondria, and mitochondria are recognized as pivotal targets of the gut microbiota to modulate the host's physiological state. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in MASLD and is associated with multiple pathological changes, including hepatocyte steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Metabolites are crucial mediators of the gut microbiota that influence extraintestinal organs. Additionally, regulation of the composition of gut bacteria may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MASLD. This study reviewed the potential roles of several common metabolites in MASLD, emphasizing their impact on mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the current treatments for MASLD, including probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These methods concentrate on restoring the gut microbiota to promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaobo Yan
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Weiai Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Shulin Xiong
- Department of Preventive Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyan Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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Pan X, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Cao Q, Wei L, Zhao M. Investigation of the therapeutic effect of Hedan tablets on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats by GC-MS technology and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5848. [PMID: 38368632 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a persistent metabolic condition resulting from the excessive accumulation or abnormal distribution of body fat. This study aimed to establish an experimental rat model of obesity. The efficacy of treating obesity with Hedan tablets (HDT) was assessed by monitoring changes in weight, blood lipid levels, analyzing inflammatory factors, evaluating organ indices, and observing liver tissue pathology. Furthermore, we utilized 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing technology to explore changes in intestinal flora. In addition, GC-MS was used to measure fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. The onset of obesity led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Conversely, the administration of HDT demonstrated a substantial ability to increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Obesity resulted in a noteworthy reduction in total SCFAs, a trend significantly reversed in the HDT group. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that HDT mitigated the inflammatory response and improved blood lipid levels by augmenting the abundance of Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Enterococcus. These particular intestinal flora were identified as regulators of SCFA metabolism, thereby ameliorating metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. Moreover, HDT intervention elevated the overall fecal concentration of SCFAs, thereby improving metabolic disorders induced by obesity. The anti-obesity effects of HDT are likely attributable to their capacity to influence the composition of intestinal flora and boost SCFA levels in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongyao Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingying Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liuxin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Moszak M, Pelczyńska M, Wesołek A, Stenclik D, Bogdański P. Does gut microbiota affect the success of weight loss? Evidence and speculation. Nutrition 2023; 116:112111. [PMID: 37562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic state of excessive fat accumulation in the body, characterized by significant relapse and complicated by a range of health consequences. In the treatment of obesity, a holistic approach including diet, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and psychological support is recommended. The implications of gut microbiota (GM) as a pathogenic factor in excess body weight have been discussed, and microbial-targeted therapies-including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-are considered adjuvant in obesity management. Many studies have focused on assessing the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics in weight control, although with inconclusive results, mainly because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies (with different strains, doses, forms, interventional durations, and outcomes). It is also unclear whether using probiotics or synbiotics accompanied by weight loss dietary interventions or as a part of bariatric surgery will be more effective in obesity management, not only in the short-term but also for long-term weight loss maintenance. The aim of this study was to collect and compare the available scientific data on the effectiveness of probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (as a single therapy versus as part of dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, or bariatric therapy) on weight control in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Pelczyńska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Stenclik
- Student Scientific Club of Clinical Dietetics, Department of the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kim S, Lee JY, Park JY, Kim Y, Kang CH. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706 Suppresses Periodontitis in Osteoclasts, Inflammation-Inducing Cells, and Ligature-Induced Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224869. [PMID: 36432555 PMCID: PMC9694000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by tooth loss due to inflammation and the loss of alveolar bone. Periodontitis is closely related to various systemic diseases and is emerging as a global health problem. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vitro on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) LPS-activated RAW264.7 and human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1) cells and the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of LAB on RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. All LAB strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706, MG4709, and MG4711) inhibited nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in P. gingivalis LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8 and MMP-9) in HGF-1 cells. In addition, LAB treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis by reducing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and cathepsin K (CtsK) through the downregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos gene expression in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Administration of MG4706 alleviated alveolar bone loss indices and reduced the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, MMP-9, and RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissue. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus MG4706 has the potential to alleviate periodontitis.
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Cho YG, Yang YJ, Yoon YS, Lee ES, Lee JH, Jeong Y, Kang CH. Effect of MED-02 Containing Two Probiotic Strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244, on Body Fat Reduction in Overweight or Obese Subjects: A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173583. [PMID: 36079841 PMCID: PMC9460810 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MED-02 is a complex supplement containing two probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4231 and MG4244, isolated from humans. The anti-obesity effects and safety profile of MED-02 were assessed in overweight and obese subjects. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 100 healthy obese and overweight subjects aged 19–65 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 31.9 kg/m2 were recruited and randomized to receive a placebo or MED-02 (5 × 109 CFU/day). After 12 weeks of consumption, body fat mass (−1166.82 g vs. −382.08 g; p = 0.024) and body fat percentage (−0.85% vs. −0.11%; p = 0.030), as evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and body weight (−2.06 kg vs. −1.22 kg; p = 0.041), were significantly reduced in the MED-02 group compared to the placebo group. The safety profile did not differ among the groups. No serious adverse effects were observed in either group. These results suggest that MED-02 is a safe and beneficial probiotics that reduces body fat and body weight in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Gyu Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul 04551, Korea
| | - Yun Jun Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Yeong Sook Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Eon Sook Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Yulah Jeong
- MEDIOGEN, Co., Ltd., Biovalley 1-ro, Jecheon-si 27159, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- MEDIOGEN, Co., Ltd., Biovalley 1-ro, Jecheon-si 27159, Korea
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Probiotic Mechanisms Affecting Glucose Homeostasis: A Scoping Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081187. [PMID: 36013366 PMCID: PMC9409775 DOI: 10.3390/life12081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
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