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Fedina L, Barr E, Ting L, Shah R, Chayhitz M, Goodmark L, Barth RP, Njie-Carr VPS. Intimate Partner Violence Training and Readiness to Respond among Students, Staff, and Faculty in Three Institutions in the United States. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP2182-NP2206. [PMID: 35583229 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221099948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern; however, limited studies have explored perceptions and experiences towards IPV among students, staff, administrators, and faculty across diverse disciplines at institutions of higher education. The purposes of this study were to (1) assess experiences of IPV among a sample of students, staff/administrators, and faculty and (2) examine the relationship among attitudes, actual and perceived knowledge, awareness, training, readiness, and personal experiences with IPV in this sample. Participants were recruited from an urban university and two university-affiliated medical institutions to participate in an online survey. Bivariate and multivariate associations were assessed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine direct and indirect effects of perceived and actual knowledge and personal experiences with IPV. Of the 216 respondents, 42.6% reported personally experiencing IPV and 34.3% reported having witnessed IPV. Over 34% of participants never received training on IPV. The sub-sample with training received between one and more than 15 hours of training. Standardized total effect of training on attitudes and awareness was β = 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-0.51), the combined indirect effects was β = 0.18 (95% CI = 0.10-0.27) and the direct effects of β=0.23 (95% CI = 0.12-0.34), indicating that hours of training was highly associated with the participants' perceived knowledge and actual knowledge, which improved their attitudes and awareness towards IPV survivors. Our findings suggest the need for campus-wide formal training on IPV to better prepare members in higher education to accurately identify, assess, and intervene to protect victims of abuse. Interprofessional approaches are needed that focus on the multiple and intersecting needs of victims of violence and should also enhance professional self-efficacy and increase readiness to respond to IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fedina
- 1259University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erik Barr
- School of Nursing, 12265University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Ting
- 12265University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roma Shah
- 12265University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Leigh Goodmark
- 14701University of Maryland, Baltimore, Francis King Carey School of Law, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard P Barth
- 12265University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Miller CJ, Adjognon OL, Brady JE, Dichter ME, Iverson KM. Screening for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings: An implementation-oriented systematic review. IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 2:10.1177/26334895211039894. [PMID: 36712586 PMCID: PMC9881185 DOI: 10.1177/26334895211039894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a population health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. Screening for IPV within healthcare settings can identify women who experience IPV and inform counseling, referrals, and interventions to improve their health outcomes. Unfortunately, many screening programs used to detect IPV have only been tested in research contexts featuring externally funded study staff and resources. This systematic review therefore investigated the utility of IPV screening administered by frontline clinical personnel. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review focusing on studies of IPV screening programs for women delivered by frontline healthcare staff. We based our data synthesis on two widely used implementation models (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance [RE-AIM] and Proctor's dimensions of implementation effectiveness). Results We extracted data from 59 qualifying studies. Based on data extraction guided by the RE-AIM framework, the median reach of the IPV screening programs was high (80%), but Emergency Department (ED) settings were found to have a much lower reach (47%). The median screen positive rate was 11%, which is comparable to the screen-positive rate found in studies using externally funded research staff. Among those screening positive, a median of 32% received a referral to follow-up services. Based on data extraction guided by Proctor's dimension of appropriateness, a lack of available referral services frustrated some efforts to implement IPV screening. Among studies reporting data on maintenance or sustainability of IPV screening programs, only half concluded that IPV screening rates held steady during the maintenance phase. Other domains of the RE-AIM and Proctor frameworks (e.g., implementation fidelity and costs) were reported less frequently. Conclusions IPV is a population health issue, and successfully implementing IPV screening programs may be part of the solution. Our review emphasizes the importance of ongoing provider trainings, readily available referral sources, and consistent institutional support in maintaining appropriate IPV screening programs. Plain language abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a population health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. IPV screening and response can identify women who experience IPV and can inform interventions to improve their health outcomes. Unfortunately, many of the screening programs used to detect IPV have only been tested in research contexts featuring administration by externally funded study staff. This systematic review of IPV screening programs for women is particularly novel, as previous reviews have not focused on clinical implementation. It provides a better understanding of successful ways of implementing IPV screening and response practices with frontline clinical personnel in the context of routine care. Successfully implementing IPV screening programs may help mitigate the harms resulting from IPV against women. Findings from this review can inform future efforts to improve implementation of IPV screening programs in clinical settings to ensure that the victims of IPV have access to appropriate counseling, resources, and referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omonyêlé L Adjognon
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julianne E Brady
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa E Dichter
- VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine M Iverson
- Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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van der Wath A. Women exposed to intimate partner violence: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of South African emergency nurses' perceptions. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:1849-1857. [PMID: 31656467 PMCID: PMC6794526 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency nurses' understanding and interpretation of intimate partner violence influence the care they provide to women exposed to intimate partner violence. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to uncover discourses that may help understand emergency nurses' responses towards women exposed to intimate partner violence. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a qualitative design to explore emergency nurses' discourses. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 participants working at an emergency unit in a public hospital in South Africa. Data were collected through three focus group discussions comprised of five emergency nurses each. Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the focus group discussions: (1) strong women subject themselves to societal expectations and endure intimate partner violence, (2) women are vulnerable and powerless against intimate partner violence, (3) intimate partner violence is a private and secret phenomenon, and (4) emergency nurses have limited scope to intervene when they encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence. CONCLUSION Emergency nurses are in a position to intervene in intimate partner violence through portraying a non-judgmental approach that lay the foundation for disclosure, supporting women to change their intimate partner violence (IPV) situations, documentation, referral and safety planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna van der Wath
- Nursing Science Department, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, Gauteng 0028, South Africa
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Crombie N, Hooker L, Reisenhofer S. Nurse and midwifery education and intimate partner violence: a scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2016; 26:2100-2125. [PMID: 27412048 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to identify the scope of current literature considering nurse/midwife educational practices in the areas of intimate partner violence to inform future nursing/midwifery educational policy and practice. BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence is a global issue affecting a significant portion of the community. Healthcare professionals including nurses/midwives in hospital- and community-based environments are likely to encounter affected women and need educational strategies that support best practice and promote positive outcomes for abused women and their families. DESIGN Scoping review of relevant literature from January 2000 to July 2015. METHOD Search of databases: CINHAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PROQUEST Central and COCHRANE Library. Reference lists from included articles were searched for relevant literature as were several grey literature sources. RESULTS This review demonstrates low levels of undergraduate or postregistration intimate partner violence education for nursing/midwifery staff and students. Existing intimate partner violence education strategies are varied in implementation, method and content. Outcomes of these educational programmes are not always rigorously evaluated for staff or client-based outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to evaluate existing intimate partner violence education programmes for nurses/midwives and identify the most effective strategies to promote improved clinical practice and outcomes for abused women and their families. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Intimate partner violence has a significant social and public health impact. The World Health Organization has identified the need to ensure that healthcare professionals are adequately trained to meet the needs of abused women. Intimate partner violence education programmes, commencing at undergraduate studies for nurses/midwives, need to be implemented with rigorously evaluated programmes to ensure they meet identified objectives, promote best practice and improve care for abused women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leesa Hooker
- Department of Rural Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
| | - Sonia Reisenhofer
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
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Intimate Partner Violence. Nurs Womens Health 2015; 19:455-458. [PMID: 26460920 DOI: 10.1111/1751-486x.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Sundborg E, Törnkvist L, Saleh-Stattin N, Wändell P, Hylander I. To ask, or not to ask: the hesitation process described by district nurses encountering women exposed to intimate partner violence. J Clin Nurs 2015; 26:2256-2265. [PMID: 26419327 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To improve the understanding of district nurses' experiences of encountering women exposed to intimate partner violence. BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence is a public health issue that influences all aspects of affected women's lives; it is thus of great relevance to identify intimate partner violence. District nurses in primary health care in Sweden encounter women of all ages and are therefore in a unique position to identify intimate partner violence and provide nursing care. However, studies indicate that several barriers have kept nurses from identifying intimate partner violence. Consequently deeper understanding of district nurses' encounters with women exposed to intimate partner violence is needed. DESIGN A qualitative study using grounded theory method. METHODS Interviews with 11 district nurses in primary health care in Sweden. RESULTS The hesitation process is central in these encounters. Several barriers to asking and factors that facilitated asking impacted the hesitation process. Under the influence of these factors, district nurses moved from being unaware that identifying intimate partner violence was their professional responsibility, to becoming ambivalent about asking, to starting to prepare themselves to ask about intimate partner violence. The presence of factors that facilitated asking finally made district nurses feel prepared, and then they decided to ask women about intimate partner violence. CONCLUSIONS The concept of managing the hesitation process could be used to be incorporated in continuing education and training. Barriers and facilitators concerning organisational factors found in this study may be specific to the Swedish health care system, but the concept of the hesitation process is applicable in similar contexts and perhaps to other issues about which it is difficult to ask. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study illuminates the importance of a supportive work environment in reducing district nurses' hesitation to ask about intimate partner violence and to propose continuing education, training and supervision for district nurses regarding intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sundborg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Lena Törnkvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Nouha Saleh-Stattin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Per Wändell
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hylander
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County, Sweden
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Brown MJ, Weitzen S, Lapane KL. Association between intimate partner violence and preventive screening among women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 22:947-52. [PMID: 23808669 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm that can be perpetrated by a former/current spouse. IPV has been linked to adverse health outcomes and risky behaviors, and victims of IPV tend to need more healthcare overall than nonvictims of IPV. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between IPV and preventive screening among women. METHODS The study used data from eight states/territories, which collected IPV information in the 2006 and 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=30,182). IPV and preventive screening for HIV, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, cholesterol, and breast cancer were determined by self-report. Multivariable logistic regression models provided adjusted estimates of odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Approximately one in four women reported a history of lifetime IPV. Relative to those who did not report a history of IPV, IPV victims were twice as likely to have had an HIV test (aOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 2.06 to 2.66) or a breast exam (aOR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.27). IPV victims are vigilant about certain screening practices related to sexual health (HIV testing) and passive screening (breast exam) compared to active screening. CONCLUSION The strongest association between IPV and preventive screening was seen for HIV testing, which likely reflects the women's perceived risk for HIV infection. That these women are in contact with the healthcare system provides support for recommendations for widespread adoption of IPV screening and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J Brown
- 1 Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond, Virginia
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Guruge S. Nurses' role in caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence in the sri lankan context. ISRN NURSING 2012; 2012:486273. [PMID: 22848842 PMCID: PMC3405684 DOI: 10.5402/2012/486273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence has short- and long-term physical and mental health consequences. As the largest healthcare workforce globally, nurses are well positioned to care for abused women. However, their role in this regard has not been researched in some countries. This paper is based on a qualitative study that explored how Sri Lankan nurses perceive their role in caring for women who have experienced partner violence. Interviews with 30 nurses who worked in diverse clinical and geographical settings in Sri Lanka revealed that nurses' role involved: identifying abuse, taking care of patients' physical needs, attending to their safety, providing support and advice, and making referrals. Barriers to providing care included lack of knowledge; heavy workload; language barriers; threats to personal safety; nurses' status within the healthcare hierarchy; and lack of communication and collaboration between various stakeholder groups within the healthcare system. Nurses also identified a lack of appropriate services and support within hospitals and in the community. The findings reveal an urgent need for the healthcare system to respond to nurses' educational and training needs and help them function autonomously within multidisciplinary teams when caring for abused women. The findings also point to a need to address institutional barriers including the lack of appropriate services for abused women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepali Guruge
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3
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