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Woods-Giscombe CL, Williams KP, Conklin J, Dodd A, Bravo L, Anderson AM, Frazier T, Bey G, Robinson MN, Warren BJ, Wight KD, Felix AS, Anderson CM, Hood DB. A scoping review of the concept of resilience among African American women. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 46:107-120. [PMID: 37813493 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, thriving in the face of adversity, is a critical component of well-being in African American women. However, traditional definitions and approaches to operationalize resilience may not capture race- and gender-related resilience experiences of African American women. A more complete conceptualization of resilience may help facilitate future investigation of the mechanisms through which resilience influences health in this group. Our team conducted a scoping review of the literature published during twenty years, between 2000 and 2019, on resilience and health in African American women. We included a multidisciplinary set of databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Academic Search Premier). Using Covidence software a multi-step review process was conducted; 904 abstracts were initially screened for eligibility, 219 full-text studies were screened in stage two, and 22 remaining studies were reviewed for extraction. The studies reviewed revealed limitations of unidimensional approaches to conceptualizing/operationalizing resilience in African American women. The review highlighted culturally-relevant components of resilience including spirituality/religion, strength, survival, active coping, and social support. Findings highlight the importance of operationalizing resilience as a multidimensional construct so it can be optimally included in research designed to investigate the quality of life, cardiovascular risk, and other health outcomes in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie Conklin
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Adam Dodd
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Lilian Bravo
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | | | - Taleah Frazier
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Ganga Bey
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Abstract
To document the reactions and experiences of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have conducted a qualitative study of 25 older adults (50 years of age and older) throughout the pandemic, using serial interviewing methods. This analysis reports on the data collected from the first two rounds of interviews - one conducted in the summer of 2020 and one conducted in the fall of 2020. Our thematic analysis found eight major themes: thoughts on the dangers of the pandemic, how the virus has changed daily life (including social life), health care during COVID (being a caregiver, losing a loved one, seeking health care), missing spontaneity and dealing with existential dread, the growing frustration, seeking connection through civic participation, adaptation and resilience, and the social ills that the pandemic has revealed. These stories describe both loneliness and connection, hope coupled with disappointment, but overwhelmingly, an insight into what the pandemic has shown us about the social ills that it has revealed.
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Herron RV, Lawrence BC, Newall NEG, Ramsey D, Waddell-Henowitch CM, Dauphinais J. Rural older adults' resilience in the context of COVID-19. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115153. [PMID: 35751990 PMCID: PMC9212856 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Public health and media discourses have often portrayed older adults as a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, some emerging research is showing that older adults are faring better in terms of their mental health when compared to their younger counterparts. Understanding older adults' mental well-being during the pandemic requires in-depth exploration of the different place-based resources and systems around them. In particular, rural older adults face distinct challenges and opportunities related to accessing valued resources to promote their well-being. Drawing together research on aging and multi-systemic resilience, we explored what strategies, resources, and processes rural older adults valued in the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of 51 semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted from May to August 2020 with 26 rural older adults in Manitoba, Canada. Despite adversities, participants drew on and developed resources at the individual, local, community, institutional, and societal level to support their well-being. Specifically, they identified individual strategies (e.g., positivity, acceptance, and gratitude), resources in their immediate environments (e.g., opportunities to keep busy, connect with friends, family and neighbours, and outdoor visits), and community organizations that contributed to their well-being. They also identified broader systems that shaped their resilience processes, such as access to health services, opportunities to volunteer and support others, media stories, reliable information, and public health policies and practices that value older adult lives. Importantly, some resources were less accessible to some participants, highlighting the need to develop strategies that address inequitable resources at different levels. By describing rural older adults’ resilience we seek to advance the growing body of research in relation to social ecological resilience that moves beyond a focus on individual characteristics to include understanding of the role of material, social, and cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Herron
- Department of Geography and Environment, Brandon University, Canada.
| | | | | | - Doug Ramsey
- Department of Rural Development, Brandon University, Canada
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4
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The lasting impact of war experiences on quality of life in long-lived retirement homes residents: The birth cohort 1906–1928. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Only a few studies have been conducted so far on the long-term impact of war. We investigated whether a life-long impact of the war experiences could be detected in advanced-agers who have successfully overcome all life's challenges. The participants in this study were oldest-old (80+ years) residents of retirement homes in Zagreb (Croatia), who were divided into two groups – ‘war-exposed’ and ‘not-exposed’ – according to their direct war experience (First World War, Second World War, Croatian Homeland War). Within this 1906–1928 birth cohort, a higher percentage of participants with war experiences reached extreme longevity (95+ years). We found no significant difference (p < 0.01) between the two groups concerning demographic and socio-economic characteristics, their life satisfaction, their self-rated current health and functional ability status. Despite numerous similarities, several traits related to life-history, current quality of life, attitudes and reflections distinguish the group of participants with direct war experience. The kind of war involvement – active military service, imprisonment in concentration camps or prisons, forced migration due to war and war-related death of close family members – stretched through various aspects of the life-history features, quality of life and attitudes. It differed for men and women, so it is no wonder that the significance pattern in the two genders mostly seems mutually exclusive. Socio-economic situations strongly differed by gender and according to the kind of war exposure, amplifying the differences within the ‘war-exposed’ group in terms of the life-long impact of wars on their lives. Therefore, we could claim that the war experiences were not the same for everybody, and that they had lasting consequences on the lifecourse of persons who directly faced war-related events. The results also point to the high resilience capacity as a common feature among persons who survived direct exposure to at least two wars and yet survived to exceptionally old age.
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Métais C, Burel N, Gillham JE, Tarquinio C, Martin-Krumm C. Integrative Review of the Recent Literature on Human Resilience: From Concepts, Theories, and Discussions Towards a Complex Understanding. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 18:98-119. [PMID: 35330859 PMCID: PMC8895705 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Resilience may be viewed as the capacity of an individual, or perhaps of a dynamic system, to adjust and adapt positively to adversities and disruptions that impact one's functioning and development. Yet a common statement in the literature is that there are still today numerous ways of defining and conceiving resilience. This multiplicity of approaches calls for clarification and generates a need of common theoretical ground. Therefore, this review aims to examine, to clarify and to synthesize how "human" resilience is conceptualized within the recent human sciences literature to help answer the question: 'What are the key approaches, concepts, and definitions of resilience?". Following Whittemore and Knafl (2005, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x) methods, an integrative review of the recent resilience literature (2013-2019) was undertaken. Four databases were used for the search: PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar. A reference and citation tracking was then performed on the papers identified. Sixty-nine papers passed all the stages (identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion) and formed the sample. Results show that resilience definitions are nowadays either about "adapting and bouncing back to previous levels of health" or about "thriving and rising above the adversity towards increased levels of health." Results also show that resilience features-antecedents, mechanisms, consequences-are mainly conceptualized in a vertical sequence where an antecedent influences another or influences a mechanism leading to consequences. This paper concludes that modern conceptions can fit within a transactional and constructivist approach that goes beyond the former approaches by providing a more nuanced and realistic picture of the resilience process and by viewing it as a dynamic and person-situation-defined process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Métais
- EA 4360, APEMAC - UDL, Metz, France
- F3S, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Burel
- Teaching and Research Unit in Physical Education and Sport (UER-EPS), University of Teacher Education, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SENS-EA.3742, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jane E. Gillham
- Psychology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | | | - Charles Martin-Krumm
- EA 4360, APEMAC - UDL, Metz, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de l'Ecole de Psychologues Praticiens, Paris, France
- IRBA, Brétigny, France
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Measurement Invariance of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) in Peruvian and Spanish Older Adults. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2021; 36:431-444. [PMID: 34748118 PMCID: PMC8591005 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-021-09441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) has been validated in some European and American countries, there are no studies that evaluate its factorial invariance among different nations. In this sense, the objective of the study is to evaluate the factorial invariance of the BRCS in samples of older adults in Peru and Spain, using multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. 236 older adults from Peru participated (Mean age = 72.8, SD = 6.90) and 133 older adults from Spain (Mean age = 71, SD = 7). In the Peruvian sample 78.4% were women and 21.6% men; while in the Spanish sample the majority were women (69.9%). The BRCS was scalar invariant but not strictly invariant between Spain and Peru. Our results found invariance of the structure, factor loadings and intercepts in both countries. These results support the use of BRCS in studies that compare the resilience between samples of older adults in both countries, and encourage applied research for the development of resilience in older adults in Spain and Peru.
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Angevaare MJ, Roberts J, van Hout HPJ, Joling KJ, Smalbrugge M, Schoonmade LJ, Windle G, Hertogh CMPM. Resilience in older persons: A systematic review of the conceptual literature. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101144. [PMID: 32835890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although ageing research increasingly incorporates resilience, a common notion on what resilience means is lacking. We aimed to give a comprehensive overview of the conceptual literature on resilience in older persons, identifying areas of consensus and variation/debate. A systematic search of eight databases from different disciplines led to the inclusion of 36 texts. Across the conceptual literature of resilience in older persons, three common features of descriptions of resilience were identified: a stressor, a response and a mechanism. Based on differences in their interpretation of how resilience is expressed we distinguished two perspectives. The first, classical and most widely applied perspective, describes the expression of resilience as a positive response to a high intensity stressor. The second, newer perspective, describes resilience in the context of responses relative to equilibrium, following low intensity stressors. Almost all descriptions across the two perspectives describe the resilience mechanism to be dynamic and emphasize the importance of the context in achieving resilience. This review provides clarity on the current conceptual status of resilience in older persons, an important step towards a higher level of consistency in the future use of resilience in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Angevaare
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Roberts
- Dementia Services Development Centre, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Ardudwy, Holyhead Road, Bangor, LL56 2PX, Gwynedd, UK
| | - H P J van Hout
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K J Joling
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Smalbrugge
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L J Schoonmade
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Windle
- Dementia Services Development Centre, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Ardudwy, Holyhead Road, Bangor, LL56 2PX, Gwynedd, UK
| | - C M P M Hertogh
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medicine for Older People, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Yang H, Hagedorn A, Zhu H, Chen H. Mental health and well-being in older women in China: implications from the Andersen model. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32711464 PMCID: PMC7382081 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health and well-being among older women is an important topic due to the feminization of later life as women tend to have longer life expectancy resulting in elderly women being more advanced in age and outnumbering men. Older women generally play a key role in their families lifelong and mostly depend on social support from their family and close friends in older age to cope with any limitations they face as a result of age-related changes in their health and functional ability. METHODS We examine which factors predict mental health and well-being in older women using the Third Wave of the 2010 Female Social Status Survey conducted by the All-China Women's Federation (n = 3527). Applying the Andersen Model, regression analysis exploring predisposing, enabling and health need variables were tested using SPSS version 22 predicting a mental health scale. RESULTS Results showed that living with a spouse was not a significant predictor of mental health for women, while it was for men (b = - 1.2, p < .01), ownership of property is significant only for men (b = -.96, p < .05), whereas women's mental health is more strongly predicted by current exercise (b = -.89, p < .01) and participation in leisure activities (b = -.69, p < .001). Close relationships with neighbors, qualifying for old-age benefit programs and being in better overall health supports positive mental health for both men and women. Reporting delayed medical treatment is associated with a negative impact on mental health for men, but oddly women who report the same actually report better mental health, perhaps suggesting older women take pride in their self-sacrifice. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that gender differences in wealth, living alone, and social participation are interpreted differently by women, who have longer lives with generally fewer material resources. Enabling factors tend to be more associated with financial factors for men, while women rely on a social convoy to thrive longer than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Aaron Hagedorn
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bejing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Social Work, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Bermejo-Toro L, Sánchez-Izquierdo M, Calvete E, Roldán MA. Quality of life, psychological well-being, and resilience in caregivers of people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Brain Inj 2020; 34:480-488. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1725127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bermejo-Toro
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Calvete
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Zhang K, Zhang W, Wu B, Liu S. Anxiety about aging, resilience and health Status among Chinese older adults: Findings from Honolulu and Wuhan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 88:104015. [PMID: 32007644 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature found that anxiety about aging is related to health and well-being of older adults. However, very few studies have been conducted on Chinese older adults residing in different countries and examined the role of resilience. Using the Pearlin's Stress Process Model, this study aims to fill in this gap by examining the relationship between anxiety about aging as the stressor and health status among Chinese older adults living in Honolulu, the United States (N = 292) and Wuhan, China (N = 532). The survey data were collected through June 2017 to September 2018, using snowball and convenience sampling strategy. The moderating role of resilience on the focal relationship is also explored. Results showed that for both samples, the negative relationship between anxiety about aging and self-rated health was significantly moderated by resilience (18 % and 13 %, respectively), implying the stress-buffering role of resilience. Although both mean levels of resilience and anxiety about aging were lower for the Honolulu sample, the moderating effect appeared to be stronger, implying that older adults in the Honolulu sample might rely more on psychological resources such as resilience in coping with stressors, compared with their counterparts in Wuhan. However, the moderating effect of resilience did not work for the association between anxiety about aging and number of chronic conditions for both samples. Our findings suggest that future research needs to take into account both social and psychological resources when examining anxiety about aging and health status among Chinese older adults residing in different cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA.
| | - Bei Wu
- Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA; NYU Aging Incubator, New York University, New York, USA.
| | - Sizhe Liu
- Department of Economic Sociology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Kitzmüller G, Mangset M, Evju AS, Angel S, Aadal L, Martinsen R, Bronken BA, Kvigne K, Bragstad LK, Hjelle EG, Sveen U, Kirkevold M. Finding the Way Forward: The Lived Experience of People With Stroke After Participation in a Complex Psychosocial Intervention. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:1711-1724. [PMID: 30862270 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319833366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke patients' well-being is threatened after stroke. A psychosocial intervention was developed for Norwegian stroke patients living in the community. Eight individual sessions between people with stroke and a trained health care professional were conducted 1 to 6 months post-stroke with one group of participants and 6 to 12 months post-stroke with another group. Subsequently, 19 of these stroke patients were interviewed to gain an in-depth understanding of their lived experience of the influence of the intervention on their adjustment process. Interview texts were analyzed using Ricoeur's interpretation theory. Two participants did not personally find the intervention useful. The remaining participants greatly appreciated dialogues with the empathetic intervention personnel, feeling free to discuss their fears and worries. The intervention raised these participants' awareness of their needs and resources. They were guided to resume their everyday life and adopt a future-oriented attitude. The intervention facilitated their meaning-making endeavors and post-stroke adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne S Evju
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Narvik, Norway
| | - Sanne Angel
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Lena Aadal
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Randi Martinsen
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Berit A Bronken
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Kari Kvigne
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Nord University, Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Line K Bragstad
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Unni Sveen
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Frailty, Successful Aging, Resilience, and Intrinsic Capacity: a Cross-disciplinary Discourse of the Aging Process. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Rehabilitation After Urgent or Elective Orthopedic Surgery: The Role of Resilience in Elderly Patients. Rehabil Nurs 2019; 43:267-274. [PMID: 30168809 DOI: 10.1097/rnj.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this investigation was to assess resilience within an elderly population during postacute rehabilitation for orthopedic surgery and to identify the role of resilience on rehabilitation outcomes by comparing hip fracture and elective patients (total knee and hip arthroplasty). DESIGN We conducted a prospective study in an orthopedic rehabilitation department. METHODS On admission and on discharge, 80 patients aged over 60 years underwent a multidimensional evaluation with the Resilience Scale, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Multidimensional Prognostic Index, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. FINDINGS Hip-fractured patients had a lower level of resilience. High-resilient fracture patients achieved higher FIM scores. For elective patients, no differences on FIM score occurred for different resilience levels. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Resilience plays a significant role in reaching optimal functional recovery in hip-fractured elderly people. Results suggest the introduction of early routine assessment of resilience in future outcome studies in rehabilitation.
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Wang RH, Lin KC, Hsu HC, Lee YJ, Shin SJ. Determinants for quality of life trajectory patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes. Qual Life Res 2018; 28:481-490. [PMID: 30276505 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to identify quality of life (QoL) trajectory patterns and the determinants in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS A longitudinal design was employed. Totally, 466 patients with T2DM recruited from five diabetic clinics in Taiwan were participants of this study. Demographic and disease characteristics, biomedical factors (HbA1c levels and body mass index), psychosocial factors (self-care behaviors, social support, resilience, diabetes distress), and QoL were collected at baseline. QoL was further measured every 6 months for four waves after baseline. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify QoL trajectory patterns. The multinomial logistic regression was further applied to explore the important determinants of different QoL trajectory patterns. RESULTS The "steadily poor" (n = 27, 5.8%), "consistently moderate" (n = 174, 37.3%), and "consistently good" (n = 265, 56.9%) trajectory patterns were identified. The HbA1c levels (OR 2.16) and diabetes distress (OR 1.18) were important for determining participants in the "steadily poor" QoL trajectory pattern. HbA1c levels (OR 1.25) and diabetes distress (OR 1.14) were important for determining participants in the "consistently moderate" QoL trajectory pattern. CONCLUSIONS To prevent development of relatively worse QoL trajectory patterns in patients with T2DM in a timelier manner, healthcare providers could regularly assess the QoL and provide intervention, especially for those with high HbA1c levels and high diabetes distress. Meanwhile, early intervention for decreasing HbA1c levels and diabetes distress may improve the trajectory development of QoL in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hsia Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong st., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan, ROC.,Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Linong st., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chun Hsu
- Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, 396, Guangdong Rd., Pingtung City, 900, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yau-Jiunn Lee
- Lee's Endocrinology Clinic, 396, Guangdong Rd., Pingtung City, 900, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Dew R, Wilkes S. Attitudes, perceptions, and behaviours associated with hospital admission avoidance: a qualitative study of high-risk patients in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2018; 68:e460-e468. [PMID: 29866709 PMCID: PMC6014402 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18x697493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence documenting the attitudes, experiences, and behavioural factors of high-risk patients who are associated with avoiding hospital. AIM To explore the health, healthcare management, and behavioural factors that contribute to enabling high-risk patients to avoid unplanned hospital admissions. DESIGN AND SETTING This was an in-depth qualitative, primary care, interview study with patients who were registered on the Northumberland High Risk Patient Programme (NHRPP) in Northumberland, UK. METHOD There were 30 participants in this study, of who 21 were high-risk patients and nine were carers, spouses, or relatives. A grounded-theory approach was used to explore themes that emerged from the semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Participants described physical enablers that helped them to avoid hospital including medication, living aids, and resting; however, the benefit of these may be challenged by patient decision making. The strategies that patients used to cope with their health conditions included acceptance, positive reinterpretation, and growth. Participants felt that support networks of family and friends helped them to avoid hospital, although the strain on the spouse should be considered. The majority of patients described having trust and confidence in their healthcare providers, and continuity of care was important to patients. CONCLUSION Reinforcing the importance of the physical enablers, as well as support networks to patients, carers, and healthcare providers, could help patients to avoid hospital. Highlighting the coping strategies that patients use may help patients to manage their health, while promoting continuity of care will also contribute to helping high-risk patients to avoid unplanned hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Dew
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland
| | - Scott Wilkes
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland
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Hirani SS, Lasiuk G, Van Vliet KJ, Van Zanten SV, Karmaliani R, Norris CM. Comparison of Urdu Versions of the Resilience Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults. J Nurs Meas 2018; 26:106-120. [PMID: 29724282 DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.26.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several methodological challenges are associated with measuring resilience in women. This study compares the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) in a community sample of women. METHODS Data were collected from 120 women residing in low socioeconomic areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Construct validity, internal consistency, and responsiveness were calculated. RESULTS Both scales demonstrated satisfactory psychometric characteristics. The total RS-14 score was significantly associated with all subscales of the RSA. However, two items of the RS-14 did not show any association with any of the subscales of the RSA. Medium effect size was noted on the "structured style"subscale of the RSA. CONCLUSION Differences between the scales concluded that the Urdu version the of RSA yielded improved results in this sample.
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Association between social support and health-related quality of life among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes: the mediating role of resilience. Qual Life Res 2017; 27:783-792. [PMID: 29124499 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to confirm the relationship between social support and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among rural Chinese elders in nursing homes, and to examine the mediating role of resilience in the impact of social support on HRQOL. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 205 elders aged 60 and above was conducted in five rural public nursing homes. Sociodemographic characteristics, the SF-36 questionnaire, and information about social support and resilience were collected. The researchers administered the questionnaires to the participants in a face-to-face setting. Descriptive analysis and a correlation matrix were used to indicate characteristics of the participants and bivariate correlations, respectively. The mediation analyses, composed of regression analysis and PROCESS analysis, were preformed to test both direct and indirect effects of social support on HRQOL, namely the mediating role of resilience. RESULTS Social support was positively related to HRQOL (β = 0.303, p < 0.001) among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes. The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and HRQOL was confirmed (a*b bootstrapped 95% confidence interval = [0.098, 0.257]), which revealed that social support had an indirect effect on HRQOL through resilience. CONCLUSIONS Resilience partially mediates the relationship between social support and HRQOL. The mediation model provides a better understanding of how social support and resilience work together to affect HRQOL, and it could guide the interventions in health care for promoting HRQOL among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes.
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Niitsu K, Houfek JF, Barron CR, Stoltenberg SF, Kupzyk KA, Rice MJ. A Concept Analysis of Resilience Integrating Genetics. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:896-906. [PMID: 28766971 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1350225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although clinicians and researchers are interested in the phenomenon of resilience, there is no agreed-upon definition of resilience. Scientific evidence suggests that resilience is influenced by intrapersonal (e.g. personality traits) and environmental (e.g. social support) variables. A concept analysis was conducted to better understand the meaning of resilience. In this analysis, the antecedent of resilience was a potentially traumatic event; the defining attributes were ego-resiliency, emotion regulation, social support, and heredity; and the consequences were none to mild psychopathological symptoms and positive adaptation. This analysis can help nurses better understand resilience and its relationships to both intrapersonal and environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Niitsu
- a College of Nursing , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Julia F Houfek
- a College of Nursing , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Cecilia R Barron
- a College of Nursing , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Scott F Stoltenberg
- b Department of Psychology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Kevin A Kupzyk
- a College of Nursing , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Michael J Rice
- c College of Nursing , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado , USA
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Sadler E, Sarre S, Tinker A, Bhalla A, McKevitt C. Developing a novel peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:1590-1600. [PMID: 26939997 PMCID: PMC5573937 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke can lead to physical, mental and social long-term consequences, with the incidence of stroke increasing with age. However, there is a lack of evidence of how to improve long-term outcomes for people with stroke. Resilience, the ability to 'bounce back', flourish or thrive in the face of adversity improves mental health and quality of life in older adults. However, the role of resilience in adjustment after stroke has been little investigated. The purpose of this study is to report on the development and preliminary evaluation of a novel intervention to promote resilience after stroke. We applied the first two phases of the revised UK Medical Research Council (UKMRC) framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions: intervention development (phase 1) and feasibility testing (phase 2). Methods involved reviewing existing evidence and theory, interviews with 22 older stroke survivors and 5 carers, and focus groups and interviews with 38 professionals to investigate their understandings of resilience and its role in adjustment after stroke. We used stakeholder consultation to co-design the intervention and returned to the literature to develop its theoretical foundations. We developed a 6-week group-based peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke. Theoretical mechanisms of peer support targeted were social learning, meaning-making, helping others and social comparison. Preliminary evaluation with 11 older stroke survivors in a local community setting found that it was feasible to deliver the intervention, and acceptable to stroke survivors, peer facilitators, and professionals in stroke care and research. This study demonstrates the application of the revised UKMRC framework to systematically develop an empirically and theoretically robust intervention to promote resilience after stroke. A future randomised feasibility study is needed to determine whether a full trial is feasible with a larger sample and wider age range of people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Sadler
- Division of Health & Social Care ResearchFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South LondonStroke Theme5th Floor Addison HouseGuy'sLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sophie Sarre
- National Nursing Research UnitFlorence Nightingale School of Nursing & MidwiferyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anthea Tinker
- Institute of GerontologyDepartment of Social Science, Health & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ajay Bhalla
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustSt Thomas HospitalLondonUK
| | - Christopher McKevitt
- Division of Health & Social Care ResearchFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South LondonStroke Theme5th Floor Addison HouseGuy'sLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced age is a time shaped by the current experience of physical, social and psychological characteristics associated with living into an eighth decade and beyond and also by reflection upon past experiences. Understanding the specific factors that contribute to ageing well is increasingly important as greater numbers of older people remain living independently in the community and may require targeted and sustainable support to do so. This paper offers a conceptualisation of resilience for advanced age (age 85+), a life stage currently under-researched. METHOD We utilise a developmental and socio-historical context to develop key arguments about adversity, resources and positive outcomes that affect the experience of resilient ageing. RESULTS Very late life is characterised by a unique balance between losses, associated with vulnerability and resource restrictions, and potential gains based upon wisdom, experience, autonomy and accumulated systems of support, providing a specific context for the expression of resilience. Post-adversity growth is possible, but maintenance of everyday abilities may be more relevant to resilience in advanced age. CONCLUSION An increasing life-span globally necessitates creative and conscientious thought about wellbeing, and resilience research has the important aim to focus health and wellness on success and what is possible despite potential limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Hayman
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ngaire Kerse
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- b Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Roh SY. Effect of a 16-week Pilates exercise program on the ego resiliency and depression in elderly women. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:494-498. [PMID: 27807531 PMCID: PMC5091068 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632704.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of a 16-week Pilates exercise program on the ego resiliency and depression in elderly women. Before participating in Pilates exercise programs, researcher explained the purpose and the intention of the research to elderly women who were willing to participate in this research. A total of 148 elderly women agreed to participate in the program and they filled in ego resiliency and depression questionnaires. Then, the elderly participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program and completed the same questionnaires afterwards. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS ver. 20.0 program and results of paired t-test were as follows; there were statistically significant differences in all subvariables of the ego resiliency such as self-confidence (t=7.770, P<0.001), communication efficiency (t=2.690, P<0.01), optimistic trait (t=1.996, P<0.05), and anger management (t=4.525, P<0.001) after elderly women participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program, there was a statistically significant difference in depression of elderly women who participated in the 16-week Pilates exercise program (t=−6.506, P<0.001) which was statistically lower than before their participation in the program. Consequently, participating in the Pilates exercise program can help improve the ego-resiliency and alleviate depression of the elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Roh
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation and Welfare, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Aburn G, Gott M, Hoare K. What is resilience? An Integrative Review of the empirical literature. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:980-1000. [PMID: 26748456 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To use systematic methods to examine how resilience is defined in empirical research. BACKGROUND Resilience is a term that is increasingly being used to describe and explain the complexities of individual and group responses to traumatic and challenging situations. It is now frequently mentioned in relation to many areas of nursing practice, including research. Given the increasing use of the term, it is timely to examine how resilience has been defined in empirical research. DESIGN An integrative review of the empirical literature (2000-2015). DATA SOURCES Three health-related databases were searched: Medline, PsycINFO and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL). Reference and citation tracking was performed on all articles included in the review. REVIEW METHODS The methods described by Whittemore and Knafl were used to guide this review. Two reviewers were involved in screening articles for inclusion and in the data extraction process. Data were synthesized using the constant comparative method of analysis. RESULTS One hundred articles were included in the final data analysis. The most significant finding of the review was that there is no universal definition of resilience. There were, however, some common themes identified: rising above, adaptation and adjustment, dynamic process, 'ordinary magic' and mental illness as a marker of resilience. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing use of the term 'resilience', this review has identified that there is no universal definition of resilience adopted in the research literature. Further research is required to explore this construct in the context of nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aburn
- Paediatric Palliative Care, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Nursing, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Karen Hoare
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Greenstone Family Clinic, Auckland, New Zealand
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van Abbema R, Bielderman A, De Greef M, Hobbelen H, Krijnen W, van der Schans C. Building from a conceptual model of the resilience process during ageing, towards the Groningen Aging Resilience Inventory. J Adv Nurs 2015; 71:2208-19. [PMID: 26013531 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop and psychometrically test the Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory. BACKGROUND Ageing is a process that is often accompanied by functional limitation, disabilities and losses. Instead of focusing on these negative events of ageing, there are opportunities in focusing on adaptation mechanisms, like resilience, that are helpful to cope with those adversities. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD The study was conducted from 2011-2012. First, a conceptual model of resilience during the ageing process was constructed. Next, items were formulated that made up a comprehensive template questionnaire reflecting the model. Finally, a cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of this template 16-item questionnaire. FINDINGS Participants (N = 229) with a mean age of 71·5 years, completed the template 16-item Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory, and performance based tests and psychological questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two factor solution of internal and external resources of resilience. Three items did not discriminate well between the two factors and were deleted, remaining a final 13-item questionnaire that shows evidence of good internal consistency. The direction and magnitude of the correlations with other measures support the construct validity. CONCLUSION The Groningen Ageing Resilience Inventory is a useful instrument that can help nurses, other healthcare workers, researchers and providers of informal care to identify the internal and external resources of resilience in individuals and groups. In a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach this knowledge provides tools for empowering older patients in performing health promoting behaviors and self-care tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske van Abbema
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Bielderman
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu De Greef
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands.,Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hobbelen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing - Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre for Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
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Is Psychological Resilience Associated With Physical Recovery in Older Adults? TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The ability of older people to overcome adversity: A review of the resilience concept. Geriatr Nurs 2013; 34:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wells M, Avers D, Brooks G. Resilience, physical performance measures, and self-perceived physical and mental health in older Catholic nuns. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2012; 35:126-31. [PMID: 22107953 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0b013e318237103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The importance of physical performance measures and their influence on predicting future disability has been suggested; however, the association between resilience and physical performance measures in older women needs further study. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the resilience level in a convenience sample of older women who happened to be Roman Catholic nuns. The relationships of resilience with specific physical performance measures, self-perceived physical and mental health status, and depressive symptoms were also explored. METHODS Descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was used. Data from 54 volunteer Roman Catholic nuns, aged 55-94 were collected beginning with self report questionnaires followed by physical performance tests. Self-report measures included the Resilience Scale, Short-Form revised (SF-12v2) Health Survey, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The 12-point Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and fast gait speed were the physical performance tests measured. RESULTS This sample of nuns had moderate levels of resilience. Those with fewer depressive symptoms and better health had higher resilience levels. Fast gait speed was positively associated with resilience. DISCUSSION The positive relationship between resilience and gait speed is an important finding of this study because it reinforces the connection between physical and emotional health. Future studies should examine if resilience and gait speed can serve as predictors of disability in a broader sample of older adults or if resilience can be targeted as a means of improving physical performance. CONCLUSION Maintaining functional ability and recovering when physical injury is experienced is of great importance in older adults. It is reasonable for physical therapists to consider both resilience and physical performance measures when attempting to identify older women at risk for poor outcomes. Resilience may play a role in helping older adults recover from a physical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Wells
- College of Nursing, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
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Lundman B, Aléx L, Jonsén E, Lövheim H, Nygren B, Santamäki Fischer R, Strandberg G, Norberg A. Inner Strength in Relation to Functional Status, Disease, Living Arrangements, and Social Relationships Among People Aged 85 Years and Older. Geriatr Nurs 2012; 33:167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wiles JL, Wild K, Kerse N, Allen RE. Resilience from the point of view of older people: ‘There's still life beyond a funny knee’. Soc Sci Med 2012; 74:416-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Reid GA. Spirituality and End of Life Issues: A Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION SPIRITUALITY & AGING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15528030.2012.633054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis article examines the utility of the concept of resilience to the field of critical gerontology. Resilience is an increasingly popular concept within the social sciences. We explore some key ideas about individual and social resilience from varied fields, and propose new ways to conceptualise these in relation to resilience in later life. This article examines the history of the concept of resilience; explores some of the diverse ways that gerontologists are attempting to apply it to later life; and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of using resilience as a conceptual framework within critical ageing research. We also suggest ways of conceptualising resilience and ageing, highlighting the different scales of resilience that impact on the ability of older people to negotiate adversity, and some key areas of resilience relevant to later life. The example of mobility resilience is used to illustrate how different scales of resilience operate within an area of resilience central to the ageing experience. Finally, some key principles for the use of resilience within critical gerontology are outlined, providing guidance on how to maximise the potential of the concept whilst avoiding some of the limitations associated with its historical usage.
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Resnick B, D'Adamo C. Factors associated with exercise among older adults in a continuing care retirement community. Rehabil Nurs 2011; 36:47-53, 82. [PMID: 21473560 DOI: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2011.tb00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to test a model of the factors that influence exercise activities among a group of older adults living in a continuing care retirement community with a wellness center that features a pool, exercise room, and exercise classes. This was a correlational study using a one-time survey. A total of 163 residents with an average age of 86.6 years (SD = 6.1) participated in the study. Ninety (55%) of the participants exercised regularly (30 minutes daily), 88% of whom used the wellness center. Of all participating residents, 49% reported using the wellness center. Self-efficacy and negative outcome expectations directly related to exercise behavior. Marital status, resilience, health status, pain, and fear of falling were indirectly related to exercise. All of these factors explained 15% of the variance in exercise behavior. These findings support previous work and provide future direction for research regarding interventions to increase exercise among older adults. Further, access to a wellness center providing exercise opportunities may increase adherence to a regular exercise regimen among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Resnick
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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The Resilience Scale: psychometric properties and clinical applicability in older adults. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2011; 25:11-20. [PMID: 21251597 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is described as the ability to achieve, retain, or regain a level of physical or emotional health after illness or loss. The Resilience Scale was specifically developed to measure personality characteristics of resilience in older adults. The purposes of this article are to provide additional support for the psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale and to consider the clinical applicability of this tool. Data from two independent samples of older adults were used. Most of the participants were Caucasian women, between 80 and 90 years of age, widowed, single, or divorced, and they had on average approximately three comorbid medical problems. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and test criterion relationships for validity testing, and internal consistency and estimates of R(2) for reliability testing. Although there was some support for the reliability and validity of the 25-item Resilience Scale, there was a poor fit of Items 3-6, 9, 11, 20, and 22 in the 25-item measure. Overall, participants in both samples scored high in resilience, and item mapping indicated that additional items are needed on the measure to differentiate those who are particularly resilient. Although revisions are recommended, use of the Resilience Scale can help identify older adults low in resilience and expose these individuals to interventions to improve resilience and facilitate successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Knowles
- King College School of Nursing, Bristol, TN 37620, USA.
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Resnick B, Galik E, Gruber-Baldini AL, Zimmerman S. Satisfaction with assisted living: the unexplored role of physical activity. Geriatr Nurs 2010; 31:197-205. [PMID: 20525524 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the ongoing Interdisciplinary Nursing Quality Research Initiative Program study, we are testing the impact of Function-Focused Care, which is an approach to care in which we work with assisted living (AL) residents and staff to optimize the functional and physical activities of residents during daily activity. The purpose of this article is to evaluate life satisfaction of AL residents with a focus on the impact of physical activity. In a sample of 171 older adults from 4 ALs, it was found that depression, social support from friends and experts, time in caregiving, and fear of falling all had a significant relationship with life satisfaction in AL. Physical activity was not related to life satisfaction in this study. Ongoing research is necessary to explore whether changing attitudes about physical activity among older adults and increasing social support related to physical activity can improve life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Resnick
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Davydov DM, Stewart R, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I. Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30:479-95. [PMID: 20395025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between disease and good health has received relatively little attention in mental health. Resilience can be viewed as a defence mechanism, which enables people to thrive in the face of adversity and improving resilience may be an important target for treatment and prophylaxis. Though resilience is a widely-used concept, studies vary substantially in their definition, and measurement. Above all, there is no common underlying theoretical construct to this very heterogeneous research which makes the evaluation and comparison of findings extremely difficult. Furthermore, the varying multi-disciplinary approaches preclude meta-analysis, so that clarification of research in this area must proceed firstly by conceptual unification. We attempt to collate and classify the available research around a multi-level biopsychosocial model, theoretically and semiotically comparable to that used in describing the complex chain of events related to host resistance in infectious disease. Using this underlying construct we attempt to reorganize current knowledge around a unitary concept in order to clarify and indicate potential intervention points for increasing resilience and positive mental health.
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Abstract
The purpose was to explore influence of resilience on the willingness of African Americans aged 65 and over to seek mental health care for depressive symptoms. Specifically, the study examined relationships between personal resilience and willingness of undiagnosed, community dwelling older adults to seek mental health care for depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional, correlational, causal modelling design was used to study older African Americans (N= 158; 121 women and 37 men) recruited from churches, retirement organizations and senior nutrition centres. Participants completed study instruments to measure depressive symptoms, resilience, willingness to seek mental health care, and general demographics information. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were preformed. Depressive symptoms and resilience accounted for 15.4% of the willingness to seek mental health care variance; extraction of resilience lowered variance to 0.9%. A direct, predictive relationship between resilience and willingness to seek mental health care was documented. Understanding resilience and willingness to seek mental health care supports future research for interventions that bolster resilience in older adults. Identifying the influence of resilience on such willingness may provide direction for developing interventions for older African Americans and may be applicable to vulnerable, marginalized and minority older adults worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Smith
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Nursing, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
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39
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Abstract
It is not uncommon for studies examining factors associated with functional recovery 1 year after hip fracture to be presented from the perspective of clinicians or researchers. Few studies have examined factors that facilitate functional recovery from the patient's perspective. This article discusses community-dwelling older adults age 65 and older who sustained a hip fracture and received surgical repair and postacute rehabilitation. Data were collected 1 year after postacute rehabilitation. Content analysis was used for the descriptive study. Participants reported that rehabilitation services greatly facilitated their recovery. Participants also recognized the importance of their own motivation, and noted it was essential to maintain a positive attitude and fully engage in recommended rehabilitation activities. The keys to functional recovery were active participation in rehabilitation and following instructions from care providers. In addition, self-determination, a positive attitude, and social support played significant roles in making rehabilitation work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Young
- University of Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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40
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Rogerson M, Emes C. Fostering Resilience Within an Adult Day Support Program. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01924780802039220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Gillespie BM, Chaboyer W, Wallis M. Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis. Contemp Nurse 2007; 25:124-35. [PMID: 17622996 DOI: 10.5172/conu.2007.25.1-2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience refers to a dynamic process that results in adaptation in the context of significant adversity (Margalit 2004). The concept of resilience has been of interest to various professional groups for many years; however, it is only recently that the nursing profession has begun to recognise its potential contribution in diverse clinical contexts. OBJECTIVE First, to identify current theoretical and operational definitions of resilience and second, to identify and describe defining attributes of resilience. METHODS The method of inquiry was guided by Walker and Avant's (1995) approach to concept analysis. FINDINGS From this analysis, a conceptual model of resilience postulates that the constructs of self-efficacy, hope and coping are defining attributes of resilience. DISCUSSION Resilience appears to be a process that can be developed at any time during lifespan, and thus is not an inherent characteristic of personality. Further, the development of resilience is based on the synergy shared between individuals and their environments and experiences. CONCLUSIONS Further theoretical clarification of the ways in which individuals transform stressful experiences into opportunities for increased growth may contribute to nursing knowledge in the form of better understanding of the resilience concept in the context of identifying strategies that build it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid M Gillespie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD, Australia
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42
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Abstract
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the psychometric properties and appropriateness of instruments for the study of resilience in adolescents. A search was completed using the terms resilience and instruments or scales using the EBSCO database (CINAHL, PreCINAHL, and Academic Search Premier), MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PsychARTICLES, and the Internet. After instruments were identified, a second search was performed for studies reporting the psychometric development of these instruments. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, six psychometric development of instrument studies were selected for a full review. A data extraction table was used to compare the six instruments. Two of the six instruments (Baruth Protective Factors Inventory [BPFI] and Brief-Resilient Coping Scale) lacked evidence that they were appropriate for administration with the adolescent population due to lack of research applications. Three instruments (Adolescent Resilience Scale [ARS], Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Resilience Scale for Adults) had acceptable credibility but needed further study in adolescents. One instrument (Resilience Scale [RS]) was determined to be the best instrument to study resilience in the adolescent population due to psychometric properties of the instrument and applications in a variety of age groups, including adolescence. Findings of this review indicate that the RS is the most appropriate instrument to study resilience in the adolescent population. While other instruments have potential (e.g., ARS, BPFI) as they were tested in the adolescent and young adult populations, they lack evidence for their use at this time. An evaluation of the review and recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Ahern
- University of Central Florida School of Nursing, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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43
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Abstract
For a few years, the image associated with the ageing process has been more positive: expressions such as << successful aging >>, << well aging >> or << healthy aging >> are more frequently used in relation to aging. However, there is still a lack of consensus on this appealing and challenging concept. Therefore, we present an overview of its definition, psychosocial determinants and conceptual models. We report that the meaning of the concept varies according to the cultural context (individualistic/relational societies), to the actors' perspectives (researcher/elderly) and according to the dominant approach (biomedical/holistic). Several models have also been identified: some are specific to a scientific domain and rely on a unique marker of well aging; others are multicriterion and embrace a broader field. Psychosocial factors are the most frequent determinants addressed by models. Among these factors, social and personal resources can be mobilized and learned, contrarily to the less modifiable personality traits. In summary, the << well aging >> framework offers a unique opportunity to identify and to reinforce positive aspects in the aging process. However, the integration of the various models, more complementary than opposite, into only one meta-model remains a task to be done by researchers for a better effectiveness of << well aging >> promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellin Gangbè
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565, chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal (Québec), H3W 1W5 Canada.
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44
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Adams KB, Sanders S, Auth EA. Loneliness and depression in independent living retirement communities: risk and resilience factors. Aging Ment Health 2005; 23:602-10. [PMID: 15724829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Socio-emotional selectivity theory posits that as individuals age, they desire less social stimulation and novelty, and tend to select close, reliable relationships to meet their emotional needs. Residence in congregate facilities affords social exposure, yet does not guarantee access to close relationships, so that loneliness may be a result. Further, the gerontology literature has suggested that loneliness in late life may be a risk factor for serious mental health concerns such as depression. This article examined data on loneliness and depressive symptoms from older adults aged 60-98, residing in two age-segregated independent living facilities. Overlap between those scoring in the depressed range on the Geriatric Depression Scale and those scoring more than one standard deviation above the mean on the UCLA Loneliness Scale was less than 50%, although zero-order correlation of the two continuous scores was moderately high. Potential risk and resilience factors were regressed on the continuous scores of the two scales in separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Depression was predicted by being older, number of chronic health conditions, grieving a recent loss, fewer neighbor visitors, less participation in organized social activities and less church attendance. Grieving a recent loss, receiving fewer visits from friends, and having a less extensive social network predicted loneliness. In addition, loneliness scores explained about 8% of the unique variance in depression scores, suggesting it is an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms. Loneliness scores were seen to be more widely dispersed in these respondents, with less variance explained by the available predictors. Suggestions are made for addressing loneliness in older adults as a means of preventing more serious mental health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Adams
- Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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