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ASLAN IBRAHIMHALIL, BACA-CARRASCO DAVID, LENHART SUZANNE, VELASCO-HERNANDEZ JORGEX. AN AGE STRUCTURE MODEL WITH IMPULSE ACTIONS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN LIVESTOCK CATTLE. J BIOL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339021500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a zoonotic disease, leptospirosis has now been identified as one of the emerging infectious diseases. In this paper, we analyze the propagation of leptospirosis and find a schedule for control programs to eradicate the disease in a cattle ranch. A mathematical model has been built with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to understand the epidemiology of leptospirosis and main factors on its transmission. We investigated the disease free equilibrium of the model and its stability using the basic reproduction number, [Formula: see text], and target reproduction number, [Formula: see text]. Then, the model incorporates vaccination and recruitment control programs in the form of impulse actions as measures to prevent the propagation of leptospirosis in the ranch. Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis are presented as a part of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- IBRAHIM HALIL ASLAN
- Department Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, 37996, TN, USA
| | - DAVID BACA-CARRASCO
- Departamento de Matematicas, Instituto Tecnologico, de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, 85000, Obregon City, Sonora, Mexico
| | - SUZANNE LENHART
- Department Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, 37996, TN, USA
| | - JORGE X. VELASCO-HERNANDEZ
- Instituto de Matematicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, University City, 04510 Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
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Hatate K, Rice JH, Parker K, Wu JJ, Turner A, Stabel JR, Eda S. Electrochemical Detection of Serum Antibodies Against Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:642833. [PMID: 33791354 PMCID: PMC8006348 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.642833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease, called Johne's disease (JD) in many ruminants. In the dairy industry, JD is responsible for significant economic losses due to decreased milk production and premature culling of infected animals. Test-and-cull strategy in conjunction with risk management is currently recommended for JD control in dairy herds. However, current diagnostic tests are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and/or too difficult to operate on site. In this study, we developed a new method for the detection of anti-M. paratuberculosis antibodies from sera of M. paratuberculosis-infected animals. M. paratuberculosis antigen-coated magnetic beads were sequentially reacted with bovine serum followed by a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled secondary antibody. The reaction of HRP with its substrate was then quantitatively measured electrochemically using a redox-active probe, ferrocyanide. After optimization of electrochemical conditions and concentration of the redox-active probe, we showed that the new electrochemical detection method could distinguish samples of M. paratuberculosis-infected cattle from those of uninfected cattle with greater separation between the two groups of samples when compared with a conventional colorimetric testing method. Since electrochemical detection can be conducted with an inexpensive, battery-operated portable device, this new method may form a basis for the development of an on-site diagnostic system for JD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Hatate
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J Hunter Rice
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karsten Parker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Amy Turner
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith R Stabel
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shigetoshi Eda
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Collineau L, Phillips C, Chapman B, Agunos A, Carson C, Fazil A, Reid-Smith RJ, Smith BA. A within-flock model of Salmonella Heidelberg transmission in broiler chickens. Prev Vet Med 2019; 174:104823. [PMID: 31734519 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As part of the development of a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model of third-generation cephalosporins (3GC)-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg, a compartmental (SEIR) model for S. Heidelberg transmission within a typical Canadian commercial broiler chicken flock was developed. The model was constructed to estimate the within-flock prevalence and the bacterial concentration in the barn environment at pre-harvest, and to assess the effect of selected control measures. The baseline scenario predicted an average within-flock prevalence of 23.5 % (95 % tolerance interval: 15.7-31.4) and an average bacterial concentration of 3.579 (0-4.294) log CFU/g of feces in the barn environment at pre-harvest (on the day the flock is sent to slaughter). Because vertical introduction of S. Heidelberg into the barn was already uncommon in the baseline scenario, vaccination of broiler parent flocks appeared to have a negligible effect, while vaccination of broiler chicken flocks substantially reduced the bacterial concentration at pre-harvest. Cleaning and disinfection between batches markedly reduced the within-flock prevalence at pre-harvest, but the effect on bacterial concentration was limited outside of the beginning of the production period. Extending downtime between batches by 7 days had little effect on within-flock prevalence or bacterial concentration of S. Heidelberg when compared to the baseline scenario. This study provides a basis to describe S. Heidelberg dynamics within a broiler chicken flock and to predict the within-flock prevalence and bacterial concentration at pre-harvest, and includes a description of the limitations and data gaps. The results of these analyses and associated uncertainties are critical information for populating QMRA models of the downstream impacts on public health from on-farm and other food-chain practices. Specifically, the study findings will be integrated into a broader farm-to-fork QMRA model to support the risk-based control of S. Heidelberg resistant to 3GC in broiler chicken in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Collineau
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charly Phillips
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan Chapman
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Carolee Carson
- Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aamir Fazil
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard J Reid-Smith
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Centre for Food-Borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ben A Smith
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Corbett CS, de Jong MCM, Orsel K, De Buck J, Barkema HW. Quantifying transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis among group-housed dairy calves. Vet Res 2019; 50:60. [PMID: 31429807 PMCID: PMC6701154 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), with control primarily aimed at preventing new infections among calves. The aim of the current study was to quantify calf-to-calf transmission of MAP among penmates in an experimental trial. Newborn Holstein bull calves (n = 32) were allocated into pens of 4, with 2 inoculated (IN) calves and 2 calves that were contact exposed (CE). Calves were group-housed for 3 months, with frequent collection of fecal and blood samples and tissue collection after euthanasia. The basic reproduction ratio (R0) was estimated using a final size (FS) model with a susceptible-infected model, based on INF-γ ELISA and tissue culture followed by qPCR. In addition, the transmission rate parameter (β) for new shedding events was estimated using a general linearized method (GLM) model with a susceptible-infected-susceptible model based on culture, followed by qPCR, of fecal samples collected during group housing. The R0 was derived for IN and CE calves separately, due to a difference in susceptibility, as well as differences in duration of shedding events. Based on the FS model, interferon-γ results from blood samples resulted in a R0IG of 0.90 (0.24, 2.59) and tissue culture resulted in a R0T of 1.36 (0.45, 3.94). Based on the GLM model, the R0 for CE calves to begin shedding (R0CE) was 3.24 (1.14, 7.41). We concluded that transmission of MAP infection between penmates occurred and that transmission among calves may be an important cause of persistent MAP infection on dairy farms that is currently uncontrolled for in current JD control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Corbett
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mart C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6702 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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