1
|
Sakurai-Yageta M, Suzuki Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Biotin in Modulating Inflammatory Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2444. [PMID: 39125325 PMCID: PMC11314543 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or vitamin H, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin and serves as an essential co-enzyme for five specific carboxylases. Holocarboxylase synthase (HCS) activates biotin and facilitates its covalent attachment to these enzymes, while biotinidase releases free biotin in the biotin cycle. The transport of biotin, primarily from the intestine, is mediated by the sodium-dependent multi-vitamin transporter (SMVT). Severe biotin deficiency leads to multiple carboxylase deficiency. Moreover, biotin is crucial to glucose and lipid utilization in cellular energy production because it modulates the expression of metabolic enzymes via various signaling pathways and transcription factors. Biotin also modulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the immune system through similar molecular mechanisms. These regulatory roles in metabolic and immune homeostasis connect biotin to conditions such as diabetes, dermatologic manifestations, and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, deficiencies in biotin and SMVT are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, affecting intestinal inflammation, permeability, and flora. Notably, HCS and probably biotin directly influence gene expression through histone modification. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular aspects of biotin and associated molecules in diseases related to both acute inflammatory responses and chronic inflammation, and discuss the potential therapeutic applications of biotin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Sakurai-Yageta
- Department of Education and Training, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Department of Education and Training, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo 362-8588, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nelson AT, Jones PM, Cao J. Elevated C5-hydroxy acylcarnitine in an infant girl as a result of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 560:119747. [PMID: 38788890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-/2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl (C5-OH) acylcarnitine in blood can result from several genetic enzyme deficiencies: 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase deficiency, 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, beta-ketothiolase deficiency, 2-methyl 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, primary 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies and biotin metabolism disorders. Biochemical tests help differentiate these causes while molecular tests are usually required for definitive diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION We reported an infant girl with newborn screen findings of elevated C5-OH acylcarnitine. She had further confirmational biochemical testing including plasma acylcarnitines, urine organic acids and urine acylglycines. Patient's urine organic acid profile showed markedly increased 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. Urine acylglycine test reported a large increase of 3-methylcrotonylglycine and plasma acylcarnitine test repeated the finding of elevated C5-OH acylcarnitine together with propionyl acylcarnitine elevation. These results point to multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiency. Molecular tests revealed a homozygous mutation in the holocarboxylase synthetase gene that is consistent with her biochemical test findings. This case demonstrated the critical role of newborn screen in identifying inborn errors of metabolism that may otherwise be missed and lead to severe morbidity later in life. It also showcased that both biochemical and molecular tests are essential tools in the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Patricia M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Children's Health System, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Children's Health System, Dallas, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karachaliou CE, Livaniou E. Biotin Homeostasis and Human Disorders: Recent Findings and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6578. [PMID: 38928282 PMCID: PMC11203980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotin (vitamin B7, or vitamin H) is a water-soluble B-vitamin that functions as a cofactor for carboxylases, i.e., enzymes involved in the cellular metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids and in gluconeogenesis; moreover, as reported, biotin may be involved in gene regulation. Biotin is not synthesized by human cells, but it is found in food and is also produced by intestinal bacteria. Biotin status/homeostasis in human individuals depends on several factors, including efficiency/deficiency of the enzymes involved in biotin recycling within the human organism (biotinidase, holocarboxylase synthetase), and/or effectiveness of intestinal uptake, which is mainly accomplished through the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter. In the last years, administration of biotin at high/"pharmacological" doses has been proposed to treat specific defects/deficiencies and human disorders, exhibiting mainly neurological and/or dermatological symptoms and including biotinidase deficiency, holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, and biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease. On the other hand, according to warnings of the Food and Drug Administration, USA, high biotin levels can affect clinical biotin-(strept)avidin assays and thus lead to false results during quantification of critical biomarkers. In this review article, recent findings/advancements that may offer new insight in the abovementioned research fields concerning biotin will be presented and briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simonović M, Ostojić S, Micić D, Djurdjić P, Mix T, Kuzmanović Č, Jelovac D. Biotin as a structural component in the detection of small model antigens in BLA-S-ELISA. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38379297 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2318785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An interesting biotin-linked-antigen-Sandwich-ELISA was developed (BLA-S-ELISA), which based on the captured Trinitrophenol-Biotin (TNP-Biotin) molecule between the immobilised monovalent antibody and enzyme-conjugated streptavidin. Monoclonal anti-Trinitrotoluene single chain fragment antibody (anti-TNT-scFv) was cloned and expressed in E. coli cells, and then used as an immobilised component in an assay. Thereafter, the previously synthesised TNP-Biotin was added as antigen followed by the addition of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (streptavidin-HRP) conjugate which led finally to the formation of a three-component system (antibody/TNP-Biotin/streptavidin-HRP). The assay was performed with a range of different dilutions of TNP-Biotin to establish its minimal detectable concentration. The detection limit of TNP-Biotin was 4 ngmL-1 (i.e. 200 pg or 0.42 pmol antigen calculated on the basis of 50 μL sample or 8.4 nM expressed in concentration units). According to our best knowledge, this is the very first time for any model antigen to be detected with such a form of biotin-streptavidin sandwich-assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Simonović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ostojić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Micić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Djurdjić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thorsten Mix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Čeda Kuzmanović
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drago Jelovac
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vresk L, Flanagan M, Daniel AI, Potani I, Bourdon C, Spiegel-Feld C, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Ling C, Miraglia E, Hu G, Wen B, Zlotkin S, James P, McGrath M, Bandsma RHJ. Micronutrient status in children aged 6-59 months with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema: implications for nutritional rehabilitation formulations. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad165. [PMID: 38350491 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition remains a global struggle and is associated with almost 45% of deaths in children younger than 5 years. Despite advances in management of severe wasting (though less so for nutritional edema), full and sustained recovery remains elusive. Children with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema (also commonly referred to as severe acute malnutrition and part of the umbrella term "severe malnutrition") continue to have a high mortality rate. This suggests a likely multifactorial etiology that may include micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrients are currently provided in therapeutic foods at levels based on expert opinion, with few supportive studies of high quality having been conducted. This narrative review looks at the knowledge base on micronutrient deficiencies in children aged 6-59 months who have severe wasting and/or nutritional edema, in addition to highlighting areas where further research is warranted (See "Future Directions" section).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vresk
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Flanagan
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison I Daniel
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Potani
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Spiegel-Feld
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emiliano Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip James
- Emergency Nutrition Network, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solvik BS, Strand TA. Biotin: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10256. [PMID: 38327992 PMCID: PMC10845898 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin with key roles in metabolism and are found in most foods at low concentrations. Symptomatic biotin deficiency is rare, and few studies have investigated biotin requirements in relation to health outcomes. Data to support the setting of dietary reference values for biotin are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Stokke Solvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Januszewski J, Forma A, Zembala J, Flieger M, Tyczyńska M, Dring JC, Dudek I, Świątek K, Baj J. Nutritional Supplements for Skin Health-A Review of What Should Be Chosen and Why. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:68. [PMID: 38256329 PMCID: PMC10820017 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Supplementation of micronutrients is considered to be crucial in the reinforcement of the skin's barrier. In this paper, 14 nutritional compounds commonly used in food or pharmaceutic industries were analyzed in terms of influencing skin conditions. The major objective of this paper was to provide a narrative review of the available literature regarding several chosen compounds that are currently widely recommended as supplements that aim to maintain proper and healthy skin conditions. We conducted a review of the literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 2023 without any other restrictions regarding the year of the publication. Ultimately, we reviewed 238 articles, including them in this review. Each of the reviewed compounds, including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, curcumin, chlorella, Omega-3, biotin,Ppolypodium leucotomos, Simmondsia chinesis, gamma oryzanol, olive leaf extract, spirulina, and astaxanthin, was observed to present some possible effects with promising benefits for a skin condition, i.e., photoprotective radiation. Adding them to the diet or daily routine might have a positive influence on some skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Further, UV radiation protection facilitated by some supplements and their impact on human cells might be helpful during chemotherapy or in preventing melanoma development. Further research is needed because of the lack of clear consensus regarding the doses of the described compounds that could provide desirable effects on the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Julita Zembala
- University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - James Curtis Dring
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (I.D.)
| | - Kamila Świątek
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (M.T.); (J.C.D.); (K.Ś.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma L, Li M, Zhang Y, Liu K. Recent advances of antitumor leading compound Erianin: Mechanisms of action and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115844. [PMID: 37804769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Erianin, a bioactive compound extracted from Dendrobium, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits remarkable anti-cancer properties through diverse molecular mechanisms and has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. However, the low solubility in water, rapid metabolism and elimination from the body lead to poor bioavailability of Erianin, and greatly hinder its clinical application. The development of new Erianin derivatives is continuously proceed to improve its anticancer effects. In recent years, although important progress in the development of Erianin and the publication of some reviews in this aspect, the mechanism against various cancers, pharmacokinetic study, structural modification as well as structure-activity relationships have not been thoroughly considered. This review is aimed at providing complete picture regarding the above aspects by reviewing studies from 2000 to 2023.06. This review also supplies some important viewpoints on the design and future directions for the development of Erianin derivatives as possible clinically effective anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tripathi R, Guglani A, Ghorpade R, Wang B. Biotin conjugates in targeted drug delivery: is it mediated by a biotin transporter, a yet to be identified receptor, or (an)other unknown mechanism(s)? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2276663. [PMID: 37955285 PMCID: PMC10653662 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2276663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of drugs with biotin is a widely studied strategy for targeted drug delivery. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through H3-biotin competition experiments conclude with the presence of a free carboxylic acid being essential for its uptake via the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT, the major biotin transporter). However, biotin conjugation with a payload requires modification of the carboxylic acid to an amide or ester group. Then, there is the question as to how/whether the uptake of biotin conjugates goes through the SMVT. If not, then what is the mechanism? Herein, we present known uptake mechanisms of biotin and its applications reported in the literature. We also critically analyse possible uptake mechanism(s) of biotin conjugates to address the disconnect between the results from SMVT-based SAR and "biotin-facilitated" targeted drug delivery. We believe understanding the uptake mechanism of biotin conjugates is critical for their future applications and further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anchala Guglani
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rujuta Ghorpade
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pedroza-García KA, Careaga-Cárdenas G, Díaz-Galindo C, Quintanar JL, Hernández-Jasso I, Ramírez-Orozco RE. Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1120-1137. [PMID: 36537581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
- Biomedical Research, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján LM, McCarty MF. Targeting beta-catenin signaling for prevention of colorectal cancer - Nutraceutical, drug, and dietary options. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175898. [PMID: 37481200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Progressive up-regulation of β-catenin signaling is very common in the transformation of colorectal epithelium to colorectal cancer (CRC). Practical measures for opposing such signaling hence have potential for preventing or slowing such transformation. cAMP/PKA activity in colon epithelium, as stimulated by COX-2-generated prostaglandins and β2-adrenergic signaling, boosts β-catenin activity, whereas cGMP/PKG signaling has the opposite effect. Bacterial generation of short-chain fatty acids (as supported by unrefined high-carbohydrate diets, berberine, and probiotics), dietary calcium, daily aspirin, antioxidants opposing cox-2 induction, and nicotine avoidance, can suppress cAMP production in colonic epithelium, whereas cGMP can be boosted via linaclotides, PDE5 inhibitors such as sildenafil or icariin, and likely high-dose biotin. Selective activation of estrogen receptor-β by soy isoflavones, support of adequate vitamin D receptor activity with UV exposure or supplemental vitamin D, and inhibition of CK2 activity with flavanols such as quercetin, can also oppose β-catenin signaling in colorectal epithelium. Secondary bile acids, the colonic production of which can be diminished by low-fat diets and berberine, can up-regulate β-catenin activity by down-regulating farnesoid X receptor expression. Stimulation of PI3K/Akt via insulin, IGF-I, TLR4, and EGFR receptors boosts β-catenin levels via inhibition of glycogen synthase-3β; plant-based diets can down-regulate insulin and IGF-I levels, exercise training and leanness can keep insulin low, anthocyanins and their key metabolite ferulic acid have potential for opposing TLR4 signaling, and silibinin is a direct antagonist for EGFR. Partially hydrolyzed phytate can oppose growth factor-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin by inhibiting Akt activation. Multifactorial strategies for safely opposing β-catenin signaling can be complemented with measures that diminish colonic mutagenesis and DNA hypomethylation - such as avoidance of heme-rich meat and charred or processed meats, consumption of phase II-inductive foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., Crucifera), and assurance of adequate folate status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Lidianys María Lewis Luján
- Technological Institute of Hermosillo (ITH), Ave. Tecnológico y Periférico Poniente S/N, Col. Sahuaro, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83170, México.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bao N, Liu X, Zhong X, Jia S, Hua N, Zhang L, Mo G. Dapagliflozin-affected endothelial dysfunction and altered gut microbiota in mice with heart failure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15589. [PMID: 37520255 PMCID: PMC10386824 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the potential microbiome profile of a mouse model with heart failure (HF) during dapagliflozin treatment. Method An HF model was constructed in 8-week-old male mice, and cardiac tissues were analyzed using histological staining. Hemodynamic indexes were measured, and fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were used for α-diversity analysis. b-Diversity analysis was conducted using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on the Bray-Curtis distance. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size measurements (LEfSe) was used to identify signature gut microbiota, and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) was used to predict the function of altered gut microbiota. Result Dapagliflozin treatment reduced inflammation, infarction area, and cardiac fibrosis in HF mice. It also increased endothelial-dependent dilation and inflammation in mice with HF. Dapagliflozin decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which was increased in HF mice. There was no significant statistical difference in α-diversity among the control, HF, and HF+dapagliflozin groups. Desulfovibrio, AF12, and Paraprevotella were enriched in HF+dapagliflozin, while Rikenella and Mucispirillum were enriched in HF based on LEfSe. KEGG analysis revealed that altered gut microbiota was associated with fermentation, amino acid biosynthesis, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis/degradation, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis/degradation, and cofactor/prosthetic group/electron carrier/vitamin biosynthesis. Conclusion Understanding the microbiome profile helps elucidate the mechanism of dapagliflozin for HF. The signature genera identified in this study could be used as a convenient method to distinguish between HF patients and healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Bao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Ning Hua
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxin Mo
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu F, Zhao Q. Sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a-Assisted Immunoassay for Small Molecule Detection in Homogeneous Solution. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6769-6774. [PMID: 37079720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of small molecules is crucial for many applications, like biomedical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental analysis. Here, we describe a sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted immunoassay for small molecule detection in homogeneous solution. An active DNA (acDNA) modified with a specific small molecule serves as a competitor for antibody binding and an activator of CRISPR-Cas12a. Large-sized antibody binding with this acDNA probe inactivates the collateral cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a due to a steric effect. When free small molecule target exists, it replaces the small molecule-modified acDNA from antibody, triggering catalytic cleavage of DNA reporters by CRISPR-Cas12a, and strong fluorescence is generated. With this strategy, we achieved detection of three important small molecules as models, biotin, digoxin, and folic acid, at picomolar levels by using streptavidin or antibody as recognition elements. With the progress of DNA-encoded small molecules and antibody, the proposed strategy provides a powerful toolbox for detection of small molecules in wide applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaur N, Popli P, Tiwary N, Swami R. Small molecules as cancer targeting ligands: Shifting the paradigm. J Control Release 2023; 355:417-433. [PMID: 36754149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics exploration is hampered due to their nonspecific distribution leading to unintended serious toxicity. Toxicity is so severe that deciding to go for chemotherapy becomes a question of concern for many terminally ill cancer patients. However, with evolving times nanotechnology assisted in reducing the haywire distribution and channelizing the movement of drug-enclosing drug delivery systems to cancer cells to a greater extent, yet toxicity issues still could not be obliterated. Thus, active targeting appeared as a refuge, where ligands actively or specifically deliver linked chemotherapeutics and carriers to cancer cells. For a very long time, large molecule weight/macromolecular ligands (peptides and big polymers) were considered the first choice for ligand-directed active cancer targeting, due to their specificity towards overexpressed native cancer receptors. However, complex characterization, instability, and the expensive nature demanded to reconnoitre better alternatives for macromolecule ligands. The concept of small molecules as ligands emerged from the idea that few chemical molecules including chemotherapeutics have a higher affinity for cancer receptors, which are overexpressed on cell membranes, and may have the ability to assist in drug cellular uptake through endocytosis. But now the question is, can they assist the conjugated macro cargos to enter the cell or not? This present review will provide a holistic overview of the small molecule ligands explored till now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Popli
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Neha Tiwary
- Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, India
| | - Rajan Swami
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chikara University, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Acute rhinopharyngitis, usually called common cold, is a widespread disease, mainly in childhood and adolescence. The use of common cold relievers is, therefore, prevalent as documented by the market data. A well-established tradition considers natural remedies an effective and safe way to relieve the common cold. Hundreds of products for treating the common cold contain non-pharmacological components. Nevertheless, a few studies investigated the role of non-pharmacologic remedies for the common cold. The current study reported the most common non-pharmacological remedies for the common cold, including herbal medicines and other substances. As ancient people used traditional herbs to treat and prevent the common cold, various herbs are widely used to clear viral infections. The herbal agents include polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, glucosides, and alkaloids. Moreover, other non-pharmacological agents are widely used in real-life. Many multi- or monocomponent dietary supplements or medical devices contain these substances and are available in the market as tablets, syrups, drops, nasal or oral sprays, and nebulization solutions. Many products are available in the market. However, there is some evidence only for some substances. Consequently, further rigorous studies should confirm natural products' efficacy and safety to relieve the common cold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Outpatients Department, Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Maria A Tosca
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Center, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Insect Models in Nutrition Research. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111668. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most diverse organisms on earth, accounting for ~80% of all animals. They are valuable as model organisms, particularly in the context of genetics, development, behavior, neurobiology and evolutionary biology. Compared to other laboratory animals, insects are advantageous because they are inexpensive to house and breed in large numbers, making them suitable for high-throughput testing. They also have a short life cycle, facilitating the analysis of generational effects, and they fulfil the 3R principle (replacement, reduction and refinement). Many insect genomes have now been sequenced, highlighting their genetic and physiological similarities with humans. These factors also make insects favorable as whole-animal high-throughput models in nutritional research. In this review, we discuss the impact of insect models in nutritional science, focusing on studies investigating the role of nutrition in metabolic diseases and aging/longevity. We also consider food toxicology and the use of insects to study the gut microbiome. The benefits of insects as models to study the relationship between nutrition and biological markers of fitness and longevity can be exploited to improve human health.
Collapse
|
17
|
Microbiota and prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1058-1065. [PMID: 34536504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy in male patients, still representing one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Evidence is mounting that suggests the putative role of microbiota in the carcinogenesis as well as in modulating the efficacy and activity of anticancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies) in a large number of hematological and solid tumors. However, few data are available regarding the interactions between prostate cancer and microbiome so far, in particular in terms of the impact of microbiota on disease development, pathogenesis, and response to medical treatments in this genitourinary malignancy. Herein, we provide an overview of current knowledge, novel insights and emerging therapeutic approaches related to gastrointestinal and genitourinary microbiome in prostate cancer patients, especially focusing on available evidence and published trials on this topic.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
Collapse
|
19
|
Depletion of endogenously biotinylated carboxylases enhances the sensitivity of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling in C. elegans. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102343. [PMID: 35933017 PMCID: PMC9437848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity-dependent protein labeling provides a powerful in vivo strategy to characterize the interactomes of specific proteins. We previously optimized a proximity labeling protocol for Caenorhabditis elegans using the highly active biotin ligase TurboID. A significant constraint on the sensitivity of TurboID is the presence of abundant endogenously biotinylated proteins that take up bandwidth in the mass spectrometer, notably carboxylases that use biotin as a cofactor. In C. elegans, these comprise POD-2/acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, PCCA-1/propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, PYC-1/pyruvate carboxylase, and MCCC-1/methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase alpha. Here, we developed ways to remove these carboxylases prior to streptavidin purification and mass spectrometry by engineering their corresponding genes to add a C-terminal His10 tag. This allows us to deplete them from C. elegans lysates using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. To demonstrate the method's efficacy, we use it to expand the interactome map of the presynaptic active zone protein ELKS-1. We identify many known active zone proteins, including UNC-10/RIM, SYD-2/liprin-alpha, SAD-1/BRSK1, CLA-1/CLArinet, C16E9.2/Sentryn, as well as previously uncharacterized potentially synaptic proteins such as the ortholog of human angiomotin, F59C12.3 and the uncharacterized protein R148.3. Our approach provides a quick and inexpensive solution to a common contaminant problem in biotin-dependent proximity labeling. The approach may be applicable to other model organisms and will enable deeper and more complete analysis of interactors for proteins of interest.
Collapse
|
20
|
McCarty MF, Lewis Lujan L, Iloki Assanga S. Targeting Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with Nutraceuticals: A Practical Strategy for Preserving Bone Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4776. [PMID: 35563167 PMCID: PMC9104509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vast pre-clinical literature suggesting that certain nutraceuticals have the potential to aid the preservation of bone mass in the context of estrogen withdrawal, glucocorticoid treatment, chronic inflammation, or aging. In an effort to bring some logical clarity to these findings, the signaling pathways regulating osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast induction, activity, and survival are briefly reviewed in the present study. The focus is placed on the following factors: the mechanisms that induce and activate the RUNX2 transcription factor, a key driver of osteoblast differentiation and function; the promotion of autophagy and prevention of apoptosis in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; and the induction and activation of NFATc1, which promotes the expression of many proteins required for osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. This analysis suggests that the activation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the Nrf2 transcription factor, and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) can be expected to aid the maintenance of bone mass, whereas the inhibition of the serine kinase CK2 should also be protective in this regard. Fortuitously, nutraceuticals are available to address each of these targets. Sirt1 activation can be promoted with ferulic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, melatonin, nicotinamide riboside, glucosamine, and thymoquinone. Berberine, such as the drug metformin, is a clinically useful activator of AMPK. Many agents, including lipoic acid, melatonin, thymoquinone, astaxanthin, and crucifera-derived sulforaphane, can promote Nrf2 activity. Pharmacological doses of biotin can directly stimulate sGC. Additionally, certain flavonols, notably quercetin, can inhibit CK2 in high nanomolar concentrations that may be clinically relevant. Many, though not all, of these agents have shown favorable effects on bone density and structure in rodent models of bone loss. Complex nutraceutical regimens providing a selection of these nutraceuticals in clinically meaningful doses may have an important potential for preserving bone health. Concurrent supplementation with taurine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamins D and K2, and minerals, including magnesium, zinc, and manganese, plus a diet naturally high in potassium, may also be helpful in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidianys Lewis Lujan
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food Science, Sonoran University, Hermosillo 83200, Mexico;
| | - Simon Iloki Assanga
- Department of Biological Chemical Sciences, Sonoran University, Hermosillo 83200, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moerman A, Delanghe JR. Sense and nonsense concerning biotin interference in laboratory tests. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:204-210. [PMID: 32567529 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1780770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biotin supplementation (mainly OTC preparations) has gained popularity. There are concerns about biotin interference in immunoassays and potential misdiagnosis, especially since the discovery of high dose therapy in MS. This review summarizes the dangers of biotin usage and possible countermeasures. METHODS Immunoassays design determines whether positive or negative analytical errors may occur. Techniques using biotinylated reagent and biotin binding proteins may generate errors. In sandwich immunoassays, biotin causes lowered results. Competitive immunoassays are more vulnerable: biotin usage causes false increased results. The interference is platform dependent. Parameters vary in their susceptibility: a combination of false positives and negatives mimicking a coherent profile is dangerous, e.g. combining falsely lowered TSH with falsely elevated FT4/FT3 mimicking hyperthyreosis. Other susceptible parameters are thyroglobulin, DHEA-S, estradiol, testosterone, ferritin, progesterone, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, PSA, PTH, LH, FSH, Troponins I and T, Pro-BNP. Digoxin and PSA may also be affected. Tumor markers and ß-hCG are robust. Inserts of serological markers of HIV, hepatitis B and C warn for biotin interference. RESULTS Manufacturers have made assays less vulnerable for biotin interference. In doubtful cases, it is helpful to determine testosterone in females and estrogen in males. Both are elevated if biotin interference is present. Biotin supplementation should be discontinued. However, this is impossible in MS patients needing biotin, as interrupting this medication is discouraged. CONCLUSIONS Solutions to overcome this interference are: informing patients prior to analysis (avoiding peak biotin values when sampling), choice of appropriate immunoassays, and use of biotin removing steps prior to analysis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Thomas OS, Rebmann B, Tonn M, Schirmeister IC, Wehrle S, Becker J, Zea Jimenez GJ, Hook S, Jäger S, Klenzendorf M, Laskowski M, Kaier A, Pütz G, Zurbriggen MD, Weber W, Hörner M, Wagner HJ. Reversible Shielding and Immobilization of Liposomes and Viral Vectors by Tailored Antibody-Ligand Interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105157. [PMID: 34859962 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the time and dose of nanoparticulate drug delivery by administration of small molecule drugs holds promise for efficient and safer therapies. This study describes a versatile approach of exploiting antibody-ligand interactions for the design of small molecule-responsive nanocarrier and nanocomposite systems. For this purpose, antibody fragments (scFvs) specific for two distinct small molecule ligands are designed. Subsequently, the surface of nanoparticles (liposomes or adeno-associated viral vectors, AAVs) is modified with these ligands, serving as anchor points for scFv binding. By modifying the scFvs with polymer tails, they can act as a non-covalently bound shielding layer, which is recruited to the anchor points on the nanoparticle surface and prevents interactions with cultured mammalian cells. Administration of an excess of the respective ligand triggers competitive displacement of the shielding layer from the nanoparticle surface and restores nanoparticle-cell interactions. The same principle is applied for developing hydrogel depots that can release integrated AAVs or liposomes in response to small molecule ligands. The liberated nanoparticles subsequently deliver their cargoes to cells. In summary, the utilization of different antibody-ligand interactions, different nanoparticles, and different release systems validates the versatility of the design concept described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Thomas
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balder Rebmann
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tonn
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivo C Schirmeister
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehrle
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Becker
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel J Zea Jimenez
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hook
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Jäger
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Klenzendorf
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mateo Laskowski
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kaier
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Pütz
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hörner
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna J Wagner
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering - D-BSSE, ETH Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Purpose The reference values for biotin intake for Germany, Austria and Switzerland lead back to a report in 2000. Following a timely update process, they were revised in 2020. Methods For infants aged 0 to < 4 months, adequate biotin supply via human milk was assumed and in consequence the reference value reflects the amount of biotin delivered by human milk. For infants aged 4 to < 12 months, biotin intake was extrapolated from the reference value for younger infants. Due to missing data on average requirement, the reference values for biotin intake for children, adolescents and adults were derived based on observed intake levels. The reference value for lactating women considered in addition biotin losses via human milk. Results The reference value for biotin intake for infants aged 0 to < 4 months was set at 4 µg/day and for infants aged 4 to < 12 months at 6 µg/day. In children and adolescents, the reference values for biotin intake ranged from 20 µg/day in children 1 to < 4 years to 40 µg/day in youths 15 to < 19 years. For adults including pregnant women, 40 µg/day was derived as reference value for biotin intake. For lactating women, this value was set at 45 µg/day. Conclusions As deficiency symptoms of biotin do not occur with a usual mixed diet and the average requirement cannot be determined, reference values for an adequate biotin intake for populations from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were derived from biotin intake levels assessed in population-based nutrition surveys. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02756-0.
Collapse
|
24
|
Salazar-Anzures T, Pastén-Hidalgo K, Sicilia-Argumedo G, Riverón-Negrete L, Hernández-Vázquez ADJ, Fernanadez-Mejia C. Dietary biotin supplementation increases proliferation pathways in mice testes without affecting serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels and stem cell factor expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115774. [PMID: 34699867 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Supplements containing pharmacological concentrations of biotin are commercially available. The mechanisms by which biotin at pharmacological concentrations exerts its action have been the subject of multiple investigations, particularly for biotin's medicinal potential and wide use for cosmetic purposes. Several studies have reported that biotin supplementation increases cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms involved in this effect have not yet been characterized. In a previous study, we found that a biotin-supplemented diet increased spermatogonia proliferation. The present study was focused on investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in biotin-induced testis cell proliferation. Male BALB/cAnNHsd mice were fed a control or a biotin-supplemented diet (1.76 or 97.7 mg biotin/kg diet) for eight weeks. Compared with the control group, the biotin-supplemented mice presented augmented protein abundance of the c-kit-receptor and pERK1/2Tyr204 and pAKTSer473, the active forms of ERK/AKT proliferation signaling pathways. No changes were observed in the testis expression of the stem cell factor and in the serum levels of the follicle-stimulating hormone. Analysis of mRNA abundance found an increase in cyclins Ccnd3, Ccne1, Ccna2; Kinases Cdk4, Cdk2; and E2F; and Sp1 & Sp3 transcription factors. Decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (p21) was observed but not of Cdkn2a inhibitor (p16). The results of the present study identifies, for the first time, the mechanisms associated with biotin supplementation-induced cell proliferation, which raises concerns about the effects of biotin on male reproductive health because of its capacity to cause hyperplasia, especially because this vitamin is available in large amounts without regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Salazar-Anzures
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Karina Pastén-Hidalgo
- Cátedra CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Gloria Sicilia-Argumedo
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Leticia Riverón-Negrete
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Alain de Jesús Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernanadez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoon J, Grinchuk OV, Kannan S, Ang MJY, Li Z, Tay EXY, Lok KZ, Lee BWL, Chuah YH, Chia K, Tirado Magallanes R, Liu C, Zhao H, Hor JH, Lim JJ, Benoukraf T, Toh TB, Chow EKH, Kovalik JP, Ching J, Ng SY, Koh MJ, Liu X, Verma CS, Ong DST. A chemical biology approach reveals a dependency of glioblastoma on biotin distribution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6033. [PMID: 34516894 PMCID: PMC8442857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a uniformly lethal disease driven by glioma stem cells (GSCs). Here, we use a chemical biology approach to unveil previously unknown GBM dependencies. By studying sulconazole (SN) with anti-GSC properties, we find that SN disrupts biotin distribution to the carboxylases and histones. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of SN-treated GSCs reveal metabolic alterations that are characteristic of biotin-deficient cells, including intracellular cholesterol depletion, impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, and energetic crisis. Furthermore, SN treatment reduces histone biotinylation, histone acetylation, and expression of superenhancer-associated GSC critical genes, which are also observed when biotin distribution is genetically disrupted by holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) depletion. HLCS silencing impaired GSC tumorigenicity in an orthotopic xenograft brain tumor model. In GBM, high HLCS expression robustly indicates a poor prognosis. Thus, the dependency of GBM on biotin distribution suggests that the rational cotargeting of biotin-dependent metabolism and epigenetic pathways may be explored for GSC eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oleg V. Grinchuk
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Biomolecular Modeling and Design Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Melgious Jin Yan Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zhenglin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker Zhing Lok
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernice Woon Li Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Heng Chuah
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly Chia
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roberto Tirado Magallanes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jin Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore , Singapore
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Biomolecular Modeling and Design Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore , Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kabiri P, Weiskirchen R, van Helden J. The biotin interference within interference suppressed immunoassays. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23940. [PMID: 34346119 PMCID: PMC8418509 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports of false laboratory findings due to a biotin supplementation have raised concerns about the safety of immunoassays. According to current research, biotin is known to cause interference in immunoassays. Since up to 70% of medical decisions are based on laboratory results and the significantly increased intake of biotin supplements in the recent years, the reliability of immunoassays is essential. Methods To evaluate this reliability two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment 59 interference suppressed immunoassays of the manufacturer Roche Diagnostics were examined regarding their sensitivity to a biotin interference. In the second experiment the pharmacokinetic of biotin was examined by supplementing volunteers with biotin. Results A combination of the results of both experiments suggests that a biotin interference in laboratory findings is probable. Contrary to the current state of research on sandwich immunoassays, falsely elevated test results occur more frequently than falsely low results. Conclusion The interference suppressed immunoassays have shown in the experiment that they are susceptible to a biotin interference. Therefore, laboratory institutions, medical staff and patients must be aware of the possibility of a biotin interference. As a result, Roche Diagnostics may consider reviewing the interference suppression and their indications of the tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Kabiri
- Institute for Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute for Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef van Helden
- Institute for Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory Dr. Stein and Colleagues, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Castro-Sesquen YE, Tinajeros F, Bern C, Galdos-Cardenas G, Malaga ES, Valencia Ayala E, Hjerrild K, Clipman SJ, Lescano AG, Bayangos T, Castillo W, Menduiña MC, Talaat KR, Gilman RH. The Immunoglobulin M-Shed Acute Phase Antigen (SAPA)-test for the Early Diagnosis of Congenital Chagas Disease in the Time of the Elimination Goal of Mother-to-Child Transmission. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e477-e484. [PMID: 32667981 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease (CChD) in most endemic areas is based on low-sensitive microscopy at birth and 9-month immunoglobulin G (IgG), which has poor adherence. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of the Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-Shed Acute Phase Antigen (SAPA) test in the diagnosis of CChD at birth. METHODS Two cohort studies (training and validation cohorts) were conducted in 3 hospitals in the department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease, and all infants born to seropositive mothers were followed for up to 9 months to diagnose CChD. A composite reference standard was used to determine congenital infection and was based on the parallel use of microscopy, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and IgM-trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen (TESA) blot at birth and/or 1 month, and/or the detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgG at 6 or 9 months. The diagnostic accuracy of the IgM-SAPA test was calculated at birth against the composite reference standard. RESULTS Adherence to the 6- or 9-month follow-up ranged from 25.3% to 59.7%. Most cases of CChD (training and validation cohort: 76.5% and 83.7%, respectively) were detected during the first month of life using the combination of microscopy, qPCR, and/or IgM-TESA blot. Results from the validation cohort showed that when only 1 infant sample obtained at birth was evaluated, the qPCR and the IgM-SAPA test have similar accuracy (sensitivity: range, 79.1%-97.1% and 76.7%-94.3%, respectively, and specificity: 99.5% and 92.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The IgM-SAPA test has the potential to be implemented as an early diagnostic tool in areas that currently rely only on microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yagahira E Castro-Sesquen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Freddy Tinajeros
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gerson Galdos-Cardenas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edith S Malaga
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Science and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Edward Valencia Ayala
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Science and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Steven J Clipman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés G Lescano
- Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Tabitha Bayangos
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Blum JL, Ellis M, Chen JX, Mendes O, Sylla S, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski J. Toxicologic evaluation of a novel, highly soluble biotin salt, magnesium biotinate. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112267. [PMID: 34000342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel, highly soluble biotin salt, magnesium biotinate (MgB), was assessed for general and genetic toxicity using several toxicologic tests. This battery of tests included in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian micronucleus assay, and oral acute, 14-day, and 90-day repeat-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results of the in vitro studies indicate that MgB is not mutagenic, clastogenic, or aneugenic. The acute oral toxicity study established an LD50 ≥ 5000 mg MgB/kg. In the 14-day oral toxicity study, doses of MgB up to 2500 mg MgB/kg/day produced no clinical signs or mortality. In the 90-day oral toxicity study, administration of 600 mg MgB/kg/day resulted in no clinical signs and was determined to be the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), which equates to 39 g biotin/day for a 70 kg human. Since MgB is composed of 93% biotin, the 600 mg NOAEL equates to approximately 1.3 million times the current recommended daily allowance of 30 μg biotin/day and 3900 times supplement levels of 10 mg biotin/day. Based on the toxicologic profile and lack of findings in various in vitro and in vivo studies, MgB may be considered safe for long-term human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Blum
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Melissa Ellis
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Jayson X Chen
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Odete Mendes
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Sarah Sylla
- JDS Therapeutics LLC, Harrison, NY, 10528, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cicek D, Demir B, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Sahin N, Komorowski J, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Sahin K. The Protective Effects of a Combination of an Arginine Silicate Complex and Magnesium Biotinate Against UV-Induced Skin Damage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657207. [PMID: 34220502 PMCID: PMC8250765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of a novel combination of inositol-stabilized arginine silicate complex (ASI) and magnesium biotinate (MgB) on the prevention of skin damage after UVB exposure in rats. Forty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into one of the following groups: (1) NC, normal control, (2) SC, shaved control, (3) UVB (exposed to UVB radiation), (4) ASI+MgB-L (Low Dose), (5) ASI+MgB-H (High Dose), (6) ASI+MgB-L+MgB cream, (7) ASI+MgB-H+MgB cream. The results showed that ASI+MgB treatment alleviated the macroscopic and histopathological damages in the skin of rats caused by UVB exposure. Skin elasticity evaluation showed a similar trend. ASI+MgB increased serum Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Si, biotin, and arginine concentrations and skin hydroxyproline and biotinidase levels while decreasing skin elastase activity (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.001). Moreover, ASI+MgB treatment increased skin levels of biotin-dependent carboxylases (ACC1, ACC2, PC, PCC, MCC) and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and matrix metalloproteinase protein levels by the regulation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. In addition, ASI+MgB caused lower levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, NFκB, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in the skin samples (p < 0.05). The levels of Bax and caspase-3 were increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased by UVB exposure, which was reversed by ASI+MgB treatment. These results show that treatment with ASI and MgB protects against skin damage by improving skin appearance, elasticity, inflammation, apoptosis, and overall health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demet Cicek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Betul Demir
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - James Komorowski
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Research and Development, JDS Therapeutics, LLC, Harrison, NY, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. Review - Nutraceuticals Can Target Asthmatic Bronchoconstriction: NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Stress, RhoA and Calcium Dynamics. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:685-701. [PMID: 34163181 PMCID: PMC8214517 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s307549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of various isoforms of NADPH oxidase contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma at multiple levels: promoting hypercontractility, hypertrophy, and proliferation of airway smooth muscle; enabling lung influx of eosinophils via VCAM-1; and mediating allergen-induced mast cell activation. Free bilirubin, which functions physiologically within cells as a feedback inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complexes, has been shown to have a favorable impact on each of these phases of asthma pathogenesis. The spirulina chromophore phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), a homolog of bilirubin’s precursor biliverdin, can mimic the inhibitory impact of biliverdin/bilirubin on NADPH oxidase activity, and spirulina’s versatile and profound anti-inflammatory activity in rodent studies suggests that PhyCB may have potential as a clinical inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Hence, spirulina or PhyCB-enriched spirulina extracts merit clinical evaluation in asthma. Promoting biosynthesis of glutathione and increasing the expression and activity of various antioxidant enzymes – as by supplementing with N-acetylcysteine, Phase 2 inducers (eg, lipoic acid), selenium, and zinc – may also blunt the contribution of oxidative stress to asthma pathogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) work in various ways to oppose pathogenic mechanisms in asthma; supplemental citrulline and high-dose folate may aid NO synthesis, high-dose biotin may mimic and possibly potentiate NO’s activating impact on soluble guanylate cyclase, and NAC and taurine may boost H2S synthesis. The amino acid glycine has a hyperpolarizing effect on airway smooth muscle that is bronchodilatory. Insuring optimal intracellular levels of magnesium may modestly blunt the stimulatory impact of intracellular free calcium on bronchoconstriction. Nutraceutical regimens or functional foods incorporating at least several of these agents may have utility as nutraceutical adjuvants to standard clinical management of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rose P, Moore PK, Whiteman M, Kirk C, Zhu YZ. Diet and Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Mammals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1378-1393. [PMID: 33372834 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent times, it has emerged that some dietary sulfur compounds can act on mammalian cell signaling systems via their propensity to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S plays important biochemical and physiological roles in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, brain, kidney, and immune systems of mammals. Reduced levels of H2S in cells and tissues correlate with a spectrum of pathophysiological conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and altered immune function. Recent Advances: In the last decade, researchers have now begun to explore the mechanisms by which dietary-derived sulfur compounds, in addition to cysteine, can act as sources of H2S. This research has led to the identified several compounds, organic sulfides, isothiocyanates, and inorganic sulfur species including sulfate that can act as potential sources of H2S in mammalian cells and tissues. Critical Issues: We have summarised progress made in the identification of dietary factors that can impact on endogenous H2S levels in mammals. We also describe current research focused on how some sulfur molecules present in dietary plants, and associated chemical analogues, act as sources of H2S, and discuss the biological properties of these molecules as studied in a range of in vitro and in vivo systems. Future Directions: The identification of sulfur compounds in edible plants that can act as novel H2S releasing molecules is intriguing. Research in this area could inform future studies exploring the impact of diet on H2S levels in mammalian systems. Despite recent progress, additional work is needed to determine the mechanisms by which H2S is released from these molecules following ingestions of dietary plants in humans, whether the amounts of H2S produced is of physiological significance following the metabolism of these compounds in vivo, and if diet could be used to manipulated H2S levels in humans. Importantly, this will lead to a better understanding of the biological significance of H2S generated from dietary sources, and this information could be used in the development of plant breeding initiatives to increase the levels of H2S releasing sulfur compounds in crops, or inform dietary intervention strategies that could be used to alter the levels of H2S in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Kirk
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Failed, Interrupted, or Inconclusive Trials on Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: Update 2015-2020. Drugs 2021; 81:1031-1063. [PMID: 34086251 PMCID: PMC8217012 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, a plethora of drugs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). These therapeutics are mainly confined to immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive strategies but do not sufficiently address remyelination and neuroprotection. However, several neuroregenerative agents have shown potential in pre-clinical research and entered Phase I to III clinical trials. Although none of these compounds have yet proceeded to approval, understanding the causes of failure can broaden our knowledge about neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in MS. Moreover, most of the investigated approaches are characterised by consistent mechanisms of action and proved convincing efficacy in animal studies. Therefore, learning from their failure will help us to enforce the translation of findings acquired in pre-clinical studies into clinical application. Here, we summarise trials on MS treatment published since 2015 that have either failed or were interrupted due to a lack of efficacy, adverse events, or for other reasons. We further outline the rationale underlying these drugs and analyse the background of failure to gather new insights into MS pathophysiology and optimise future study designs. For conciseness, this review focuses on agents promoting remyelination and medications with primarily neuroprotective properties or unconventional approaches. Failed clinical trials that pursue immunomodulation are presented in a separate article.
Collapse
|
33
|
Savarino G, Corsello A, Corsello G. Macronutrient balance and micronutrient amounts through growth and development. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:109. [PMID: 33964956 PMCID: PMC8106138 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is essential for human growth, particularly in newborns and children. An optimal growth needs a correct diet, in order to ensure an adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients are the compounds that humans consume in largest quantities, mainly classified in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Micronutrients are instead introduced in small quantities, but they are required for an adequate growth in the pediatric age, especially zinc, iron, vitamin D and folic acid. In this manuscript we describe the most important macro and micronutrients for children's growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Savarino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University Hospital "P.Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
McCarty MF, Lerner A. Nutraceutical induction and mimicry of heme oxygenase activity as a strategy for controlling excitotoxicity in brain trauma and ischemic stroke: focus on oxidative stress. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:157-168. [PMID: 33287596 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1861940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are leading causes of acute mortality, and in the longer run, major causes of significant mental and physical impairment. Most of the brain neuronal cell death in the minutes and hours following an ischemic stroke or brain trauma is mediated by the process of excitotoxicity, in which sustained elevations of extracellular glutamate, reflecting a failure of ATP-dependent mechanism which sequester glutamate in neurons and astrocytes, drive excessive activation of NMDA receptors. Areas covered: A literature search was undertaken to clarify the molecular mechanisms whereby excessive NMDA activation leads to excitotoxic neuronal death, and to determine what safe nutraceutical agents might have practical potential for rescuing at-risk neurons by intervening in these mechanisms. Expert opinion: Activation of both NADPH oxidase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the microenvironment of activated NMDA receptors drives production of superoxide and highly toxic peroxynitrite. This leads to excessive activation of PARP and p38 MAP kinase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent neuronal death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction offers protection via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and promotion of cGMP generation. Phase 2-inductive nutraceuticals can induce HO-1, and other nutraceuticals can mimic the effects of its products biliverdin and carbon monoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine- Research, Haifa, Israel (Retired)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Merrill AE, Malvik NM, Ford DC, Krasowski MD. Continuation of Over-the-Counter Biotin Supplements in the Inpatient Setting: An Unexpected Source of Laboratory Error. J Appl Lab Med 2020; 6:735-742. [PMID: 33928390 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, use of high-dose biotin has increased significantly and can lead to erroneous results on some clinical immunoassays. In collaboration with pharmacists at our institution, we discovered that high biotin doses were being administered to inpatients as a continuation of patient-reported home biotin use. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated high-dose biotin administration in 226 inpatient encounters from 2009 to 2019 and its potential impact on concurrent immunoassay testing. RESULTS In 96% of cases, biotin was administered in the inpatient setting as a continuation of patient-reported home use. In total, 322 immunoassays capable of biotin interference were performed across 100 inpatient encounters with high-dose biotin administration. Troponin T and TSH were the most commonly performed immunoassays in this cohort. DISCUSSION Even though less than 5% of all high-dose biotin orders at our institution are placed for inpatients, hospitalized patients are still at risk for mismanagement due to erroneous immunoassay results. Immunoassay testing susceptible to biotin interference was performed in approximately 45% of inpatient encounters with biotin administration. Laboratories utilizing biotin-susceptible, sensitive cardiac troponin assays should be particularly cautious. Pharmacokinetic data for biotin clearance is especially lacking for certain populations likely to be hospitalized, such as those with renal failure. Given that medical conditions requiring high-dose biotin therapy are extremely rare, we recommend restricting biotin dosing during inpatient encounters for all other patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Merrill
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Natalie M Malvik
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Diana C Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mrosewski I, Urbank M, Stauch T, Switkowski R. Interference From High-Dose Biotin Intake in Immunoassays for Potentially Time-Critical Analytes by Roche. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144:1108-1117. [PMID: 31944861 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0425-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Immunoassays using the interaction between streptavidin and biotin are used for clinical chemical analytes on platforms by many different manufacturers. The design can be susceptible to interference from high-dose biotin intake in patients, which remains an often-overlooked confounder despite recently increased awareness. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate an easily implementable method of in vitro biotin depletion for the removal of biotin interference in immunoassays for potentially time-critical analytes. DESIGN.— A biotin stock solution was made and de-identified patient samples were spiked to reach a biotin concentration of 1.126 × 106 pg/mL, the maximum reported biotin concentration 1 to 2 hours after a single oral dose of 300 mg biotin. Then, the resulting interference in Elecsys immunoassays for cortisol, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, digitoxin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, C-peptide, insulin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin T high sensitive, human immunodeficiency virus, procalcitonin, β human chorionic gonadotropin, toxoplasma immunoglobulin M, and toxoplasma immunoglobulin G was evaluated before and after biotin depletion using streptavidin particles. RESULTS.— All tested immunoassays, with the exception of toxoplasma immunoglobulin M and toxoplasma immunoglobulin G, suffered from significant biotin interference. The depletion protocol removed assay interference due to biotin and produced results that were close or identical to initial prespike measurements. CONCLUSIONS.— Despite an increase in turnaround times, biotin adsorption is a feasible countermeasure for biotin interference in Elecsys immunoassays. Until test kits with an increased resistance to the interference from high-dose biotin intake are distributed, the evaluated protocol can provide results properly reflecting the patient's clinical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Mrosewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MDI Limbach Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany (Mrosewski, Switkowski, Urbank)
| | - Matthias Urbank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MDI Limbach Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany (Mrosewski, Switkowski, Urbank)
| | - Thomas Stauch
- Department of Toxicology, MVZ Labor PD Dr. Volkmann und Kollegen GbR, Karlsruhe, Germany (Stauch)
| | - Rafael Switkowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MDI Limbach Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany (Mrosewski, Switkowski, Urbank)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Best practices in mitigating the risk of biotin interference with laboratory testing. Clin Biochem 2019; 74:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
39
|
Park JY, Han J, Jung HS, Lee G, Kim HJ, Cho GS, Park HJ, Han C, Kim JS, Kim JH. Synthetic probes for in vitro purification and in vivo tracking of hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2019; 222:119431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Piraccini BM, Berardesca E, Fabbrocini G, Micali G, Tosti A. Biotin: overview of the treatment of diseases of cutaneous appendages and of hyperseborrhea. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:557-566. [PMID: 31638351 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.19.06434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common micronutrient deficiencies with cutaneous findings is the vitamin B, also known as biotin, deficiency. Biotin deficiency may be due to congenital lack of biotinidase, or acquired following some conditions that interfere with its absorption, such as inflammatory bowel disorders, a diet too rich in avidin, magnesium deficiency, smoking habit and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticonvulsants and sulfonamides. This review highlights the role of biotin in the most common skin disorders such associated with biotin deficiency and an approach to their treatment. Biotin administration may improve the treatment of hair loss when deficiency is detected on the basis of a careful patient history, clinical examination and the determination of serum biotin levels. The use of biotin is rationale in seborrheic dermatitis as the vitamin intercepts the main metabolic pathways underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment with biotin could also be useful in comedonal acne characterized by a high rate of seborrhea, and may be helpful for acne treated with topical retinoids, contributing to the control of flaking and irritation. The tolerability of biotin is excellent and there is no risk of hypervitaminosis even in the case of high doses. It is important that administration is controlled by physicians and follows a medical diagnosis and prescription. Correct doses used in dermatological conditions are safe and are not at risk of interference with laboratory tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Piraccini
- Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy -
| | | | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micali
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele Polyclinic Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
León-Del-Río A. Biotin in metabolism, gene expression, and human disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:647-654. [PMID: 30746739 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that belongs to the vitamin B complex and which is an essential nutrient of all living organisms from bacteria to man. In eukaryotic cells biotin functions as a prosthetic group of enzymes, collectively known as biotin-dependent carboxylases that catalyze key reactions in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Enzyme-bound biotin acts as a vector to transfer a carboxyl group between donor and acceptor molecules during carboxylation reactions. In recent years, evidence has mounted that biotin also regulates gene expression through a mechanism beyond its role as a prosthetic group of carboxylases. These activities may offer a mechanistic background to a developing literature on the action of biotin in neurological disorders. This review summarizes the role of biotin in activating carboxylases and proposed mechanisms associated with a role in gene expression and in ameliorating neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama and Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jurisic A, Robin C, Tarlykov P, Siggens L, Schoell B, Jauch A, Ekwall K, Sørensen CS, Lipinski M, Shoaib M, Ogryzko V. Topokaryotyping demonstrates single cell variability and stress dependent variations in nuclear envelope associated domains. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e135. [PMID: 30215776 PMCID: PMC6294560 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of large-scale interphase genome positioning with reference to a nuclear landmark has recently been studied using sequencing-based single cell approaches. However, these approaches are dependent upon technically challenging, time consuming and costly high throughput sequencing technologies, requiring specialized bioinformatics tools and expertise. Here, we propose a novel, affordable and robust microscopy-based single cell approach, termed Topokaryotyping, to analyze and reconstruct the interphase positioning of genomic loci relative to a given nuclear landmark, detectable as banding pattern on mitotic chromosomes. This is accomplished by proximity-dependent histone labeling, where biotin ligase BirA fused to nuclear envelope marker Emerin was coexpressed together with Biotin Acceptor Peptide (BAP)-histone fusion followed by (i) biotin labeling, (ii) generation of mitotic spreads, (iii) detection of the biotin label on mitotic chromosomes and (iv) their identification by karyotyping. Using Topokaryotyping, we identified both cooperativity and stochasticity in the positioning of emerin-associated chromatin domains in individual cells. Furthermore, the chromosome-banding pattern showed dynamic changes in emerin-associated domains upon physical and radiological stress. In summary, Topokaryotyping is a sensitive and reliable technique to quantitatively analyze spatial positioning of genomic regions interacting with a given nuclear landmark at the single cell level in various experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Jurisic
- UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Chloé Robin
- UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Pavel Tarlykov
- National Center for Biotechnology, 01000, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Lee Siggens
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Brigitte Schoell
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Ekwall
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Claus Storgaard Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marc Lipinski
- UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Vasily Ogryzko
- UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dasgupta A, Bourgeois L. Biotin interference in TSH, FT4, and FT3 assays based on the LOCI technology: Identifying interference by dilution. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22667. [PMID: 30221397 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although biotin interferences in TSH, FT3, FT4, and other biotinylated antibody-based assays manufactured by Roche Diagnostics have been well studied, there are relatively few reports on biotin interference in biotin-based assays manufactured by other companies. We investigated biotin interferences in TSH, FT4, and FT3 assays based on the LOCI (luminescent oxygen channeling assay) technology using the Dimension Vista 1500 analyzer (Siemens). METHODS We prepared four serum pools using leftover specimens. Three serum pools were prepared initially for the original study but the 4th pool was prepared three months later. The aliquots of serum pool one and two were supplemented with various amounts of biotin (50 -1200 ng/mL) followed by determination of TSH, FT4, and FT3 concentrations. The aliquots of third pool were also supplemented with biotin to investigate whether 1:3 dilution could identify biotin interference. Aliquots of serum pool four were supplemented with biotin in order to study reproducibility of our original data. RESULTS We observed significantly elevated FT3 levels at biotin concentration of 100 ng/mL. In contrast, FT4 levels were falsely elevated but TSH levels were falsely decreased at a biotin level of 500 ng/mL. We also observed nonlinearity in dilution experiment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that FT3 assay is most susceptible to biotin interference (threshold: 100 ng/mL) while the FT4 and TSH assays are less affected (threshold: 500 ng/mL). In addition, we also observed nonlinearity upon 1:3 dilution, which may indicate biotin interference (or interference from other compounds).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Laverne Bourgeois
- Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kennedy M. The vitamin epidemic: what is the evidence for harm or value? Intern Med J 2018; 48:901-907. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kennedy
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; St Vincent's Hospital Sydney; Sydney New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Katzman BM, Lueke AJ, Donato LJ, Jaffe AS, Baumann NA. Prevalence of biotin supplement usage in outpatients and plasma biotin concentrations in patients presenting to the emergency department. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:11-16. [PMID: 30036510 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cases of biotin interference with laboratory testing have been reported in the literature. However, there are no publications discussing the extent of biotin use or plasma concentrations observed among the patient population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of biotin consumption using two distinct methods: surveying the outpatient population using a questionnaire and quantifying biotin in plasma samples collected from patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). METHODS Survey questionnaires (n = 4000) were distributed to Mayo Clinic outpatients over one week (July 10-14, 2017). Biotin was quantified in residual waste plasma samples collected for physician-ordered electrolyte panels from patients presenting to the ED (March 6-12, 2017 and March 26-April 4, 2017, n = 1442 unique patient samples). RESULTS 1944 patients (972 female, 963 male, 9 no answer) with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (49-72) years returned completed questionnaires (48.6%). From the completed surveys, 7.7% (95% CI, 6.6-8.9%) indicated biotin use. Quantitation of biotin in plasma samples from ED patients (n = 1442) revealed that 7.4% (95% CI, 6.2-8.9%) had concentrations at or above the lowest known threshold (10 ng/mL) for biotin interference in Roche Diagnostics immunoassay tests. CONCLUSIONS According to our survey results, reported use of biotin was common. The range of biotin concentrations in ED patient samples highlights the magnitude of the biotin interference problem and identifies a population at risk for potential harm. These findings should guide laboratorians and clinicians in developing effective strategies to mitigate safety risks and in assessing biotin usage trends within their own patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Katzman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alan J Lueke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leslie J Donato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nikola A Baumann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elahi A, Sabui S, Narasappa NN, Agrawal S, Lambrecht NW, Agrawal A, Said HM. Biotin Deficiency Induces Th1- and Th17-Mediated Proinflammatory Responses in Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes via Activation of the mTOR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2563-2570. [PMID: 29531163 PMCID: PMC5893381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biotin (vitamin B7) is essential for human health because of its involvement, as a cofactor, in a variety of critical cellular metabolic reactions. Previous studies have shown that biotin deficiency enhances inflammation, and certain chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with biotin deficiency; however, the mechanisms that mediate the association between biotin status and inflammation are not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of biotin deficiency on human CD4+ T cell responses to determine their role in biotin deficiency-associated inflammation. Our investigations revealed that anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4+ T cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium secreted significantly enhanced levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17. Expression of the transcription factors T-bet and RORγt was increased, whereas Foxp3 expression was decreased, in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. The percentage of T regulatory cells was also decreased under biotin-deficient condition. A similar increase in T-bet, RORγt, and proinflammatory cytokine levels, as well as a decrease in Foxp3, was observed in inguinal lymph nodes of mice fed a biotin-deficient diet relative to pair-fed controls. Furthermore, differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Th17 cells was also enhanced. In vitro and in vivo investigations indicated that the increased inflammatory response was due to enhanced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in biotin-deficient CD4+ T cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that biotin deficiency enhances the inflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to inflammation associated with biotin deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Elahi
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Nell N Narasappa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Nils W Lambrecht
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822;
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rethinking biotin therapy for hair, nail, and skin disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:1236-1238. [PMID: 29438761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
Williams GR, Cervinski MA, Nerenz RD. Assessment of biotin interference with qualitative point-of-care hCG test devices. Clin Biochem 2018; 53:168-170. [PMID: 29395091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biotin is commonly used as a dietary supplement for the claimed benefits of promoting healthy hair and nail growth and is available without a prescription at doses up to 10mg/capsule. Biotin-mediated interference in immunoassay testing is an emerging issue for clinical laboratories and previous studies have indicated that biotin at regularly encountered doses may interfere with these assays. In this study, we evaluated the effect of supplemental biotin on seven POC urine hCG test devices using purified biotin and urine collected from four volunteers consuming 10mg biotin/day. Six of the seven devices showed no evidence of biotin interference as each device's control line remained clearly detectable at all biotin concentrations tested. However, the QuickVue device control line demonstrated a marked decrease in intensity when used to test solutions containing >5μg/mL biotin. The absence of a control line during patient testing has the potential to delay care due to the generation of an invalid test result and lead to additional unnecessary testing. It is not realistic to measure urinary biotin concentrations in every patient undergoing qualitative urine hCG testing but biotin supplementation should be considered if repeat testing on a patient sample generates an invalid test result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Mark A Cervinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Robert D Nerenz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States; The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Irwin MH, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Ophthalmic Disorders: An Eye Toward the Future. Biores Open Access 2017; 6:169-181. [PMID: 29291141 PMCID: PMC5747116 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2017.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye disease is one of the primary medical conditions that requires attention and therapeutic intervention in ageing populations worldwide. Further, the global burden of diabetes and obesity, along with heart disease, all lead to secondary manifestations of ophthalmic distress. Therefore, there is increased interest in developing innovative new approaches that target various mechanisms and sequelae driving conditions that result in adverse vision. The research challenge is even greater given that the terrain of eye diseases is difficult to landscape into a single therapeutic theme. This report addresses the burden of eye disease due to mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidant, autophagic, epigenetic, mitophagic, and other cellular processes that modulate the biomedical end result. In this light, we single out lipoic acid as a potent known natural activator of these pathways, along with alternative and potentially more effective conjugates, which together harness the necessary potency, specificity, and biodistribution parameters required for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
- Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lipner SR, Scher RK. Biotin for the treatment of nail disease: what is the evidence? J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 29:411-414. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1395799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|