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Xodo A, D’Oria M, Mendes B, Bertoglio L, Mani K, Gargiulo M, Budtz-Lilly J, Antonello M, Veraldi GF, Pilon F, Milite D, Calvagna C, Griselli F, Taglialavoro J, Bassini S, Wanhainen A, Lindstrom D, Gallitto E, Mezzetto L, Mastrorilli D, Lepidi S, DeMartino R. Peri-Operative Management of Patients Undergoing Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Repair for Juxtarenal, Pararenal and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Preventing, Recognizing and Treating Complications to Improve Clinical Outcomes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071018. [PMID: 35887518 PMCID: PMC9317732 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent and refinement of complex endovascular techniques in the last two decades has revolutionized the field of vascular surgery. This has allowed an effective minimally invasive treatment of extensive disease involving the pararenal and the thoracoabdominal aorta. Fenestrated-branched EVAR (F/BEVAR) now represents a feasible technical solution to address these complex diseases, moving the proximal sealing zone above the renal-visceral vessels take-off and preserving their patency. The aim of this paper was to provide a narrative review on the peri-operative management of patients undergoing F/BEVAR procedures for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (JAAA), pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (PRAA) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurism (TAAA). It will focus on how to prevent, diagnose, and manage the complications ensuing from these complex interventions, in order to improve clinical outcomes. Indeed, F/BEVAR remains a technically, physiologically, and mentally demanding procedure. Intraoperative adverse events often require prolonged or additional procedures and complications may significantly impact a patient's quality of life, health status, and overall cost of care. The presence of standardized preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative pathways of care, together with surgeons and teams with significant experience in aortic surgery, should be considered as crucial points to improve clinical outcomes. Aggressive prevention, prompt diagnosis and timely rescue of any major adverse events following the procedure remain paramount clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Xodo
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, “San Bortolo” Hospital, AULSS8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.X.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Mario D’Oria
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0403994645
| | - Bernardo Mendes
- Gonda Vascular Center, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY 55902, USA; (B.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Luca Bertoglio
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, 58-20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Kevin Mani
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.M.); (A.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Mauro Gargiulo
- Vascular Surgery, IRCCS-University Hospital Policlinico S. Orsola, DIMES-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Jacob Budtz-Lilly
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 161-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michele Antonello
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Padova, DSCTV-University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gian Franco Veraldi
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.F.V.); (L.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Fabio Pilon
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, “San Bortolo” Hospital, AULSS8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.X.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenico Milite
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, “San Bortolo” Hospital, AULSS8 Berica, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.X.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Cristiano Calvagna
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Filippo Griselli
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Jacopo Taglialavoro
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Bassini
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.M.); (A.W.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lindstrom
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.M.); (A.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Enrico Gallitto
- Vascular Surgery, IRCCS-University Hospital Policlinico S. Orsola, DIMES-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Luca Mezzetto
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.F.V.); (L.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Davide Mastrorilli
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.F.V.); (L.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Sandro Lepidi
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Trieste University Hospital ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (F.G.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Randall DeMartino
- Gonda Vascular Center, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY 55902, USA; (B.M.); (R.D.)
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Waked K, Schepens M. State-of the-art review on the renal and visceral protection during open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vis Surg 2018; 4:31. [PMID: 29552513 DOI: 10.21037/jovs.2018.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OTAAAR), there is an inevitable organ ischemic period that occurs when the abdominal arteries are being reattached to the aortic graft. Despite various protective techniques, the incidence of renal and visceral complications remains substantial. This state-of-the-art review gives an overview of the current and most evidence-based organ protection methods during OTAAAR, based on the most recent publications and personal experience. An electronic search was performed in four medical databases, using the following MeSH terms: thoracoabdominal aneurysm, TAAAR, visceral protection, renal protection, kidney, perfusion, and intestines. Every publication type was considered. The literature search was ended on August 31st, 2017. The left heart bypass (LHB) is currently the most frequent adjunct to provide distal aortic perfusion (DAP) during aortic clamping. Together with systemic hypothermia, it forms the cornerstone in organ protection during aortic clamping. Further renal protection can be obtained by selective renal perfusion (SRP) with cold blood or cold crystalloid solution, the latter enriched with mannitol. The perfusion should be administered in a volume- and pressure-controlled way and, if possible, by use of a pulsatile pump. Selective visceral perfusion (SVP) is not routinely used, as it does not provide adequate blood flow for visceral protection. The best way to protect the intestines is by minimizing the ischemic time. The preservation of renal and visceral function after OTAAAR can only be obtained with specific strategies before, during, and after the operation. This involves a series of measures, including selective digestive decontamination (SDD), avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs, minimizing the renal and intestinal ischemic time, systemic cooling, avoidance of hemodynamic instability, and regional protective perfusion of the kidneys. Future innovations in catheters, cardiac bypass flow types, mechanical components, hybrid vascular grafts, and pharmaceutical protection measures will hopefully further reduce organ complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Waked
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, AZ Sint Jan Hospital, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Marc Schepens
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, AZ Sint Jan Hospital, Brugge, Belgium
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