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Garcia FG, Helmo FR, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJF, Teixeira LDAS, Rogério ADP, Teixeira DNS. Elevated NS1 serum levels reduce CD119 expression and CXCL-10 synthesis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e00410. [PMID: 39082520 PMCID: PMC11290849 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms. METHODS Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Disciplina de
Parasitologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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Ramu ST, Dissanayake M, Jeewandara C, Bary F, Harvie M, Gomes L, Wijesinghe A, Ariyaratne D, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Antibody and memory B cell responses to the dengue virus NS1 antigen in individuals with varying severity of past infection. Immunology 2023; 170:47-59. [PMID: 37075785 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To further understand the role of NS1-specific antibodies (Abs) in disease pathogenesis, we compared neutralizing antibody levels (Nabs), NS1-Ab levels, IgG antibody subclass profiles and NS1-specific memory B-cell responses (Bmems) in individuals, with varying severity of past dengue. Nabs (Neut50 titres) were assessed using the Foci Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT) and in-house ELISAs were used to assess NS1-Abs and NS1-Ab subclasses for all four DENV serotypes in individuals with past DF (n = 22), those with past DHF (n = 14) and seronegative (SN) individuals (n = 7). B-cell ELISpot assays were used to assess NS1-specific Bmem responses. 15/22 (68.18%) individuals with past DF and 9/14 (64.29%) individuals with past DHF had heterotypic infections. Neut50 titres were found to be significantly higher for DENV1 than DENV2 (p = 0.0006) and DENV4 (p = 0.0127), in those with past DHF, whereas there was no significant difference seen in titres for different DENV serotypes in those with past DF. Overall NS1-Ab to all serotypes and NS1-specific IgG1 responses for DENV1, 2 and 4 serotypes were significantly higher in those with past DHF than individuals with past DF. Those with past DHF also had higher IgG1 than IgG3 for DENV1 and DENV3, whereas no differences were seen in those with past DF. Over 50% of those with past DF or DHF had NS1-specific Bmem responses to >2 DENV serotypes. There was no difference in the frequency of Bmem responses to any of the DENV serotypes between individuals with past DF and DHF. Although the frequency of Bmem responses to DENV1 correlated with DENV1-specific NS1-Abs levels (Spearman r = 0.35, p = 0.02), there was no correlation with other DENV serotypes. We found that those with past DF had broadly cross-reactive Nabs, while those with past DHF had higher NS1-Ab responses possibly with a different functionality profile than those with past DF. Therefore, it would be important to further evaluate the functionality of NS1-specific antibody and Bmem responses to find out the type of antibody repertoire that is associated with protection against severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrar Tanussiya Ramu
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Madushika Dissanayake
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Farha Bary
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Harvie
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayesha Wijesinghe
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Seesen M, Jearanaiwitayakul T, Limthongkul J, Midoeng P, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. A bivalent form of nanoparticle-based dengue vaccine stimulated responses that potently eliminate both DENV-2 particles and DENV-2-infected cells. Vaccine 2023; 41:1638-1648. [PMID: 36740559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease and continues to be a global public health concern. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, its efficacy and safety profile are not satisfactory. Hence, there remains a need for a safe and effective dengue vaccine. We are currently developing a bivalent dengue vaccine candidate. This vaccine candidate is composed of a C-terminus truncated non-structural protein 1 (NS11-279) and envelope domain III (EDIII) of DENV-2 encapsidated in the nanocarriers, N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (TMC NPs). The immunogenicity of this bivalent vaccine candidate was investigated in the present study using BALB/c mice. In this work, we demonstrate that NS1 + EDIII TMC NP-immunized mice strongly elicited antigen-specific antibody responses (anti-NS1 and anti-EDIII IgG) and T-cell responses (NS1- and EDIII-specific-CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). Importantly, the antibody response induced by NS1 + EDIII TMC NPs provided antiviral activities against DENV-2, including serotype-specific neutralization and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, the significant upregulation of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines, as well as the increased levels of antigen-specific IgG2a and IgG1, indicated a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Collectively, our findings suggest that NS1 + EDIII TMC NPs induced protective responses that can not only neutralize infectious DENV-2 but also eliminate DENV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Seesen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Midoeng
- Division of Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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5
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Sootichote R, Puangmanee W, Benjathummarak S, Kowaboot S, Yamanaka A, Boonnak K, Ampawong S, Chatchen S, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Potential Protective Effect of Dengue NS1 Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Dengue and Zika Virus Infections. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010227. [PMID: 36672734 PMCID: PMC9855337 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of an effective therapeutic treatment to flavivirus, dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been considered to develop a vaccine owing to its lack of a role in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, both NS1 and its antibody have shown cross-reactivity to host molecules and have stimulated anti-DENV NS1 antibody-mediated endothelial damage and platelet dysfunction. To overcome the pathogenic events and reactogenicity, human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against DENV NS1 were generated from DENV-infected patients. Herein, the four DENV NS1-specific HuMAbs revealed the therapeutic effects in viral neutralization, reduction of viral replication, and enhancement of cell cytolysis of DENV and zika virus (ZIKV) via complement pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DENV and ZIKV NS1 trigger endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular permeability in vitro. Nevertheless, the pathogenic effects from NS1 were impeded by 2 HuMAbs (D25-4D4C3 and D25-2B11E7) and also protected the massive cytokines stimulation (interleukin [IL-]-1b, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1 α, MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor, and RANTES). Collectively, our findings suggest that the novel protective NS1 monoclonal antibodies generated from humans has multiple therapeutic benefits against DENV and ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochanawan Sootichote
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wilarat Puangmanee
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Kowaboot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Korbporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supawat Chatchen
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-023069186 or +66-0899858305
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Unbiased Identification of Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Peptides for Use in Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122028. [PMID: 36560438 PMCID: PMC9784660 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health problem, with over half of the world's population at risk for infection. Despite this, there is only one licensed vaccine available to prevent infection and safety concerns limit immunization to only a subset of individuals. Most dengue virus vaccine efforts attempt to evoke broadly neutralizing antibodies against structural proteins. However, eliciting antibodies to block the activity of viral proteins involved in pathogenesis could be a useful complementary approach. Studies suggest that non-structural protein 1, which participates in disruption of the endothelial barrier and is hypothesized to play a significant role in the progression to severe dengue, could be a promising target for vaccine efforts. Here, we used an unbiased approach to identify peptide epitopes of dengue virus non-structural protein 1 that could evoke antibodies that bind to NS1 from all 4 serotypes and also bind to DENV-infected cells. DENV-2 NS1 peptides were generated such that 35 overlapping 15 amino acid peptides represented the entire NS1 protein. These peptides were each chemically conjugated to bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLP) and used to immunize mice. Sera were then screened for IgG to cognate peptide as well as binding to recombinant hexameric NS1 from all four DENV serotypes as well as binding to DENV-2 infected cells by microscopy. From these data, we identified several peptides that were able to elicit antibodies that could bind to infected cells as well as DENV NS1. These peptides and their homologues in the corresponding NS1 of other DENV serotypes could be used as potential immunogens to elicit binding antibodies to NS1. Future studies will investigate the functional and protective capacities of antibodies elicited by these immunogens against DENV NS1.
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Tien SM, Chang PC, Lai YC, Chuang YC, Tseng CK, Kao YS, Huang HJ, Hsiao YP, Liu YL, Lin HH, Chu CC, Cheng MH, Ho TS, Chang CP, Ko SF, Shen CP, Anderson R, Lin YS, Wan SW, Yeh TM. Therapeutic efficacy of humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 in the mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010469. [PMID: 35486576 PMCID: PMC9053773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) which infects about 390 million people per year in tropical and subtropical areas manifests various disease symptoms, ranging from fever to life-threatening hemorrhage and even shock. To date, there is still no effective treatment for DENV disease, but only supportive care. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been shown to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that anti-DENV NS1 antibody can provide disease protection by blocking the DENV-induced disruption of endothelial integrity. We previously demonstrated that anti-NS1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) protected mice from all four serotypes of DENV challenge. Here, we generated humanized anti-NS1 mAbs and transferred them to mice after DENV infection. The results showed that DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and skin hemorrhage were reduced, even several days after DENV challenge. Mechanistic studies showed the ability of humanized anti-NS1 mAbs to inhibit NS1-induced vascular hyperpermeability and to elicit Fcγ-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of cells infected with four serotypes of DENV. These results highlight humanized anti-NS1 mAb as a potential therapeutic agent in DENV infection. DENV comprising four serotypes has a complicated pathogenesis and remains an unresolved global health problem. To date, supportive therapy is the mainstay for treatment of dengue patients. Despite a licensed Sanofi vaccine and ongoing clinical trials, more effective vaccines and/or licensed therapeutic drugs are required. Therapeutic mAbs are a potential tool to treat many epidemic diseases because of their high target specificity. Humanized anti-NS1 mAbs can recognize the NS1 from all four serotypes of DENV without danger of inducing ADE. In the DENV infection mouse model, we demonstrate that humanized NS1 mAbs have therapeutic benefits such as reducing DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time and skin hemorrhage. In vitro mechanistic studies showed a reduction of NS1-induced vascular permeability and an increase in cytolysis of DENV-infected cells. Our results showed that humanized anti-NS1 mAbs show strong potential for development toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Mao Tien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Chuang
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc. Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-San Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jyun Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Han Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- SIDSCO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chou Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Huei Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Ko
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Piao Shen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YSL); (SWW); (TMY)
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Huang HJ, Yang M, Chen HW, Wang S, Chang CP, Ho TS, Kao YS, Tien SM, Lin HH, Chang PC, Lai YC, Hsiao YP, Liu YL, Chao CH, Anderson R, Yeh TM, Lin YS, Wan SW. A novel chimeric dengue vaccine candidate composed of consensus envelope protein domain III fused to C-terminal-modified NS1 protein. Vaccine 2022; 40:2299-2310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pathak B, Chakravarty A, Krishnan A. High viral load positively correlates with thrombocytopenia and elevated haematocrit in dengue infected paediatric patients. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1701-1707. [PMID: 34655984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is one of the major viral diseases worldwide transmitted by mosquitoes. Depending on the severity of disease it can range from mild fever to severe fatal cases. Rapid decline of platelet levels is one of indicators of clinical worsening. The role of viral factors in dengue pathogenesis and correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters remain unclear. METHODS Between September 2017 to December 2018, 102 dengue confirmed paediatric cases were analysed for various viral and host parameters. Based on symptoms, they were classified into dengue without warning signs (DOS), dengue with warning signs (DWS) and severe dengue (SD) as per 2009 WHO classification. Quantitative analysis of NS1, IgM and IgG in were done by ELISA. IgM/IgG ratio revealed primary or secondary dengue infection. Serotyping of virus in serum was done by nested multiplex RT-PCR. Viral load (VL) was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Association between VL and NS1 in patient sera with clinical and laboratory parameters was statistically analysed. RESULTS It was found that disease severity (as per 2009 WHO classification) significantly associated with secondary dengue infection. DENV3 was found to be the only serotype detected. The present study reports neither NS1 nor VL significantly associated with disease severity or type of infection (primary or secondary). However, VL positively correlated with haematocrit (p < 0.05). Viral load above 106 copies/mL was found in 61% of patients. Further, high viral load (>106 copies/mL) negatively correlated with platelet levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Thus, viral load could be an important predictive parameter in dengue related severe symptoms like thrombocytopenia and elevated hematocrit when it goes above a certain threshold (>106 copies/ mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Pathak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Aparna Chakravarty
- Department of Paediatrics, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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10
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Warner NL, Frietze KM. Development of Bacteriophage Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Displaying Conserved Epitopes of Dengue Virus Non-Structural Protein 1. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:726. [PMID: 34358143 PMCID: PMC8310087 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health problem, with over half of the world's population at risk of infection. Despite over 60 years of efforts, no licensed vaccine suitable for population-based immunization against DENV is available. Here, we describe efforts to engineer epitope-based vaccines against DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 is present in DENV-infected cells as well as secreted into the blood of infected individuals. NS1 causes disruption of endothelial cell barriers, resulting in plasma leakage and hemorrhage. Immunizing against NS1 could elicit antibodies that block NS1 function and also target NS1-infected cells for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. We identified highly conserved regions of NS1 from all four DENV serotypes. We generated synthetic peptides to these regions and chemically conjugated them to bacteriophage Qβ virus-like particles (VLPs). Mice were immunized two times with the candidate vaccines and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies that bound to the cognate peptide, recombinant NS1 from all four DENV serotypes, and DENV-2-infected cells. We found that two of the candidate vaccines elicited antibodies that bound to recombinant NS1, and one candidate vaccine elicited antibodies that bound to DENV-infected cells. These results show that an epitope-specific vaccine against conserved regions of NS1 could be a promising approach for DENV vaccines or therapeutics to bind circulating NS1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole L. Warner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Kathryn M. Frietze
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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11
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Sarker MMR, Khan F, Mohamed IN. Dengue Fever: Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:610912. [PMID: 33981215 PMCID: PMC8109180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.610912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a very widespread mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Aedes aegypti virus, has been occurring during the monsoons every year. The prevalence and incidence of dengue fever and death due to its complications have been increased drastically in these recent years in Bangladesh, Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, and India. Recently, dengue had spread in an epidemic form in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Philippines. Although the infection affected a large number of people around the world, there is no established specific and effective treatment by synthetic medicines. In this subcontinent, Malaysia could effectively control its incidences and death of patients using alternative medication treatment mainly prepared from Carica papaya L. leaves along with proper care and hospitalization. Papaya leaves, their juice or extract, as well as their different forms of preparation have long been used traditionally for treating dengue fever and its complications to save patients’ lives. Although it is recommended by traditional healers, and the general public use Papaya leaves juice or their other preparations in dengue fever, this treatment option is strictly denied by the physicians offering treatment in hospitals in Bangladesh as they do not believe in the effectiveness of papaya leaves, thus suggesting to patients that they should not use them. In Bangladesh, 1,01,354 dengue patients have been hospitalized, with 179 deaths in the year 2019 according to information from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research as well as the Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. Most of the patients died because of the falling down of platelets to dangerous levels and hemorrhage or serious bleeding. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review the scientific basis and effectiveness of Carica papaya L. leaves in treating dengue fever based on preclinical and clinical reports. Thrombocytopenia is one of the major conditions that is typical in cases of dengue infection. Besides, the infection and impairment of immunity are concerned with dengue patients. This review summarizes all the scientific reports on Carica papaya L. for its ability on three aspects of dengue: antiviral activities, prevention of thrombocytopenia and improvement of immunity during dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Cheras, Malaysia
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12
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Murphy-Schafer AR, Paust S. Divergent Mast Cell Responses Modulate Antiviral Immunity During Influenza Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:580679. [PMID: 33680987 PMCID: PMC7935524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.580679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that infects millions of people each year. Both seasonal and pandemic strains of IAV are capable of causing severe respiratory disease with a high risk of respiratory failure and opportunistic secondary infection. A strong inflammatory cytokine response is a hallmark of severe IAV infection. The widespread tissue damage and edema in the lung during severe influenza is largely attributed to an overexuberant production of inflammatory cytokines and cell killing by resident and infiltrating leukocytes. Mast cells (MCs) are a sentinel hematopoietic cell type situated at mucosal sites, including the lung. Poised to react immediately upon detecting infection, MCs produce a vast array of immune modulating molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. As such, MCs have been implicated as a source of the immunopathology observed in severe influenza. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that MCs play an essential role not only in inducing an inflammatory response but in suppressing inflammation as well. MC-derived immune suppressive cytokines are essential to the resolution of a number of viral infections and other immune insults. Absence of MCs prolongs infection, exacerbates tissue damage, and contributes to dissemination of the pathogen to other tissues. Production of cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-6 by MCs is essential for mitigating the inflammation and tissue damage caused by innate and adaptive immune cells alike. The two opposing functions of MCs—one pro-inflammatory and one anti-inflammatory—distinguish MCs as master regulators of immunity at the site of infection. Amongst the first cells to respond to infection or injury, MCs persist for the duration of the infection, modulating the recruitment, activation, and eventual suppression of other immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the immune modulatory roles of MCs over the course of viral infection and propose that the immune suppressive mediators produced by MCs are vital to minimizing immunopathology during influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R Murphy-Schafer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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Pereira LR, Alves RPDS, Sales NS, Andreata-Santos R, Venceslau-Carvalho AA, Pereira SS, Castro-Amarante MF, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Favaro MTDP, Chura-Chambi RM, Morganti L, Ferreira LCDS. Enhanced Immune Responses and Protective Immunity to Zika Virus Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding a Chimeric NS1 Fused With Type 1 Herpes Virus gD Protein. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:604160. [PMID: 35047887 PMCID: PMC8757838 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.604160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally-distributed flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, usually causing mild symptoms that may evolve to severe conditions, including neurological alterations, such as neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Due to the absence of specific and effective preventive methods, we designed a new subunit vaccine based on a DNA vector (pgDNS1-ZIKV) encoding the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) genetically fused to the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) protein. Recombinant plasmids were replicated in Escherichia coli and the expression of the target protein was confirmed in transfected HEK293 cells. C57BL/6 and AB6 (IFNAR1-/-) mice were i.m. immunized by electroporation in order to evaluate pgDNS1-ZIKV immunogenicity. After two doses, high NS1-specific IgG antibody titers were measured in serum samples collected from pgDNS1-ZIKV-immunized mice. The NS1-specific antibodies were capable to bind the native protein expressed in infected mammalian cells. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV increased both humoral and cellular immune responses regarding mice immunized with a ZIKV NS1 encoding vaccine. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV reduced viremia and morbidity scores leading to enhanced survival of immunodeficient AB6 mice challenged with a lethal virus load. These results give support to the use of ZIKV NS1 as a target antigen and further demonstrate the relevant adjuvant effects of HSV-1 gD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Adrianne Venceslau-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Castro-Amarante
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Josiane Rodrigues-Jesus
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Teixeira de Pinho Favaro
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia Morganti
- Biotechnology Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
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Intradermal Delivery of Dendritic Cell-Targeting Chimeric mAbs Genetically Fused to Type 2 Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040565. [PMID: 33019498 PMCID: PMC7712967 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting dendritic cells (DCs) by means of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of binding their surface receptors (DEC205 and DCIR2) has previously been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of genetically fused antigens. This approach has been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the induced immune responses to passenger antigens and thus represents a promising therapeutic and/or prophylactic strategy against different infectious diseases. Additionally, under experimental conditions, chimeric αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs are usually administered via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, which is not reproducible in clinical settings. In this study, we characterized the delivery of chimeric αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs via an intradermal (i.d.) route, compared the elicited humoral immune responses, and evaluated the safety of this potential immunization strategy under preclinical conditions. As a model antigen, we used type 2 dengue virus (DENV2) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The results show that the administration of chimeric DC-targeting mAbs via the i.d. route induced humoral immune responses to the passenger antigen equivalent or superior to those elicited by i.p. immunization with no toxic effects to the animals. Collectively, these results clearly indicate that i.d. administration of DC-targeting chimeric mAbs presents promising approaches for the development of subunit vaccines, particularly against DENV and other flaviviruses.
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15
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Warner NL, Linville AC, Core SB, Moreno B, Pascale JM, Peabody DS, Chackerian B, Frietze KM. Expansion and Refinement of Deep Sequence-Coupled Biopanning Technology for Epitope-Specific Antibody Responses in Human Serum. Viruses 2020; 12:E1114. [PMID: 33008118 PMCID: PMC7600589 DOI: 10.3390/v12101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the specific epitopes targeted by antibodies elicited in response to infectious diseases is important for developing vaccines and diagnostics. However, techniques for broadly exploring the specificity of antibodies in a rapid manner are lacking, limiting our ability to quickly respond to emerging viruses. We previously reported a technology that couples deep sequencing technology with a bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particle (VLP) peptide display platform for identifying pathogen-specific antibody responses. Here, we describe refinements that expand the number of patient samples that can be processed at one time, increasing the utility of this technology for rapidly responding to emerging infectious diseases. We used dengue virus (DENV) as a model system since much is already known about the antibody response. Sera from primary DENV-infected patients (n = 28) were used to pan an MS2 bacteriophage VLP library displaying all possible 10-amino-acid peptides from the DENV polypeptide. Selected VLPs were identified by deep sequencing and further investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We identified previously described immunodominant regions of envelope and nonstructural protein-1, as well as a number of other epitopes. Our refinement of the deep sequence-coupled biopanning technology expands the utility of this approach for rapidly investigating the specificity of antibody responses to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole L. Warner
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Alexandria C. Linville
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Susan B. Core
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Brechla Moreno
- Gorgas Memorial Institute, Panama 0801, Panama; (B.M.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- Gorgas Memorial Institute, Panama 0801, Panama; (B.M.); (J.M.P.)
| | - David S. Peabody
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Kathryn M. Frietze
- Department and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.L.W.); (A.C.L.); (S.B.C.); (D.S.P.); (B.C.)
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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16
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Jearanaiwitayakul T, Sunintaboon P, Chawengkittikul R, Limthongkul J, Midoeng P, Warit S, Ubol S. Nanodelivery system enhances the immunogenicity of dengue-2 nonstructural protein 1, DENV-2 NS1. Vaccine 2020; 38:6814-6825. [PMID: 32829977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of dengue virus (DENV) is currently recognized as a dengue vaccine candidate. Unfortunately, most of non-replicating immunogens typically stimulate unsatisfactory immune responses, thus, the additional adjuvant is required. In this study, C-terminal truncated DENV-2 NS1 loaded in N,N,N, trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (NS11-279TMC NPs) was prepared through the ionic gelation method. The immunogenicity of NS11-279TMC NPs was investigated using human ex vivo as well as the murine model. Through a human ex vivo model, it was demonstrated in this study that not only can TMC particles effectively deliver NS11-279 protein into monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), but also potently stimulate those cells, resulting in increased expression of maturation marker (CD83), costimulating molecules (CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR) and markedly secreted various types of innate immune cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, mice administered with NS11-279TMC NPs strongly elicited both antibody and T cell responses, produced higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and potently activated CD8+ T cells, as compared to mice administered with soluble NS11-279. Importantly, we further demonstrated that anti-NS11-279 antibody induced by this platform of NS11-279 effectively eliminated DENV-2 infected cells through antibody dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Significantly, anti-DENV2 NS11-279 antibody exerted cross-antiviral activity against DENV-1 and -4 but not against DENV-3 infected cells. These findings demonstrate that TMC exerts a desirable adjuvant for enhancing delivery and antigenicity of NS1 based dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpatom 73170, Thailand.
| | | | - Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Panuwat Midoeng
- Division of Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Saradee Warit
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand..
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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17
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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18
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Reyes-Sandoval A, Ludert JE. The Dual Role of the Antibody Response Against the Flavivirus Non-structural Protein 1 (NS1) in Protection and Immuno-Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1651. [PMID: 31379848 PMCID: PMC6657369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viruses are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses responsible for major public health problems in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The genomes of both, dengue and zika viruses encodes 10 genes that are translated into three structural proteins (C, prM, and E) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein of approximately 48–50 KDa. In infected cells, NS1 is found as a homodimer associated with intracellular membranes and replication complexes, serving as a scaffolding protein in virus replication and morphogenesis. NS1 is secreted efficiently from infected cells as a hexamer and is found in patient's sera during the acute phase of the disease. NS1 detection in sera is a valuable diagnostic marker and immunization with NS1 has been shown to protect animal models from lethal challenges with dengue and Zika viruses. Nevertheless, soluble NS1 has been associated with severe dengue and anti-NS1 antibodies have been reported to cross-react with host platelets and endothelial cells and thus presumably contribute to pathogenesis. Due to the implications of NS1 in arbovirus pathogenesis and its relevance as vaccine candidate, we discuss the dual role that anti-NS1 antibodies may play in protection and disease and the challenges that need to be overcome to develop safe and effective NS1-based vaccines against dengue and Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan E Ludert
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are important human pathogens that cause a diverse range of clinical conditions, including severe hemorrhagic syndromes, neurological complications and congenital malformations. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved during infection. Decades of research suggest a paradoxical role of the immune response against flaviviruses: although the immune response is crucial for the control, clearance and prevention of infection, poor clinical outcomes are commonly associated with virus-specific immunity and immunopathogenesis. This relationship is further complicated by the high homology among viruses and the implication of cross-reactive immune responses in protection and pathogenesis. This Review examines the dual role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses, particularly emphasizing the most recent findings regarding cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses, and the effects that these concepts have on vaccine-development endeavors.
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20
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Glasner DR, Puerta-Guardo H, Beatty PR, Harris E. The Good, the Bad, and the Shocking: The Multiple Roles of Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 in Protection and Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Virol 2018; 5:227-253. [PMID: 30044715 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent medically important mosquito-borne virus in the world. Upon DENV infection of a host cell, DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can be found intracellularly as a monomer, associated with the cell surface as a dimer, and secreted as a hexamer into the bloodstream. NS1 plays a variety of roles in the viral life cycle, particularly in RNA replication and immune evasion of the complement pathway. Over the past several years, key roles for NS1 in the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease have emerged, including direct action of the protein on the vascular endothelium and triggering release of vasoactive cytokines from immune cells, both of which result in endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leak. Importantly, the adaptive immune response generates a robust response against NS1, and its potential contribution to dengue vaccines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Glasner
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - P Robert Beatty
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3370, USA; , , ,
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21
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Chen HR, Lai YC, Yeh TM. Dengue virus non-structural protein 1: a pathogenic factor, therapeutic target, and vaccine candidate. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:58. [PMID: 30037331 PMCID: PMC6057007 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral infection. DENV infection can cause mild dengue fever or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hemorrhage and vascular leakage are two characteristic symptoms of DHF/DSS. However, due to the limited understanding of dengue pathogenesis, no satisfactory therapies to treat nor vaccine to prevent dengue infection are available, and the mortality of DHF/DSS is still high. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which can be secreted in patients’ sera, has been used as an early diagnostic marker for dengue infection for many years. However, the roles of NS1 in dengue-induced vascular leakage were described only recently. In this article, the pathogenic roles of DENV NS1 in hemorrhage and vascular leakage are reviewed, and the possibility of using NS1 as a therapeutic target and vaccine candidate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lai
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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22
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Mousa AA, Roche DB, Terkawi MA, Kameyama K, Kamyingkird K, Vudriko P, Salama A, Cao S, Orabi S, Khalifa H, Ahmed M, Attia M, Elkirdasy A, Nishikawa Y, Xuan X, Cornillot E. Human babesiosis: Indication of a molecular mimicry between thrombospondin domains from a novel Babesia microti BmP53 protein and host platelets molecules. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185372. [PMID: 29040286 PMCID: PMC5644982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human babesiosis is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti, which is of major public health concern in the United States and elsewhere, resulting in malaise and fatigue, followed by a fever and hemolytic anemia. In this paper we focus on the characterization of a novel B. microti thrombospondin domain (TSP1)-containing protein (BmP53) from the new annotation of the B. microti genome (locus 'BmR1_04g09041'). This novel protein (BmP53) had a single TSP1 and a transmembrane domain, with a short cytoplasmic tail containing a sub-terminal glutamine residue, but no signal peptide and Von Willebrand factor type A domains (VWA), which are found in classical thrombospondin-related adhesive proteins (TRAP). Co-localization assays of BmP53 and Babesia microti secreted antigen 1 (BmSA1) suggested that BmP53 might be a non-secretory membranous protein. Molecular mimicry between the TSP1 domain from BmP53 and host platelets molecules was indicated through different measures of sequence homology, phylogenetic analysis, 3D structure and shared epitopes. Indeed, hamster isolated platelets cross-reacted with mouse anti-BmP53-TSP1. Molecular mimicry are used to help parasites to escape immune defenses, resulting in immune evasion or autoimmunity. Furthermore, specific host reactivity was also detected against the TSP1-free part of BmP53 in infected hamster sera. In conclusion, the TSP1 domain mimicry might help in studying the mechanisms of parasite-induced thrombocytopenia, with the TSP1-free truncate of the protein representing a potential safe candidate for future vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Daniel Barry Roche
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS-UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyohko Kameyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akram Salama
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sahar Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hanem Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mabrouk Attia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elkirdasy
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
- * E-mail: (EC); (XX)
| | - Emmanuel Cornillot
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM-INSERM U1194), Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier (ICM) and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (EC); (XX)
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23
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Frydman GH, Metcalf Pate KA, Marini RP, de Laforcade AM, Bosch I, Bakthavatchalu V, Muthupalani S, Swennes AG, Lyons CE, Tompkins RG, Fox JG. Adult-onset, chronic, cyclic thrombocytopenia in a Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) after dengue virus vaccination and viral challenge. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:238-247. [PMID: 28518476 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old, male Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), previously used for dengue virus (DENV) vaccine research with viral challenge, was presented with adult-onset, chronic, cyclic thrombocytopenia. Platelet number, morphology, and function were evaluated by automated hematology, peripheral blood smears, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and impedance aggregometry. Bone marrow was evaluated by cytology. Both serum anti-dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antibodies and anti-platelet antibodies were detected by ELISA. Platelet characterization showed a lack of aggregation to all agonists (ADP, ASP, and collagen), increased activation with increased expression of surface marker (HLA-ABC), and an absence of surface receptor GPIX during clinical episodes of petechiae and ecchymoses, even in the presence of normal platelet counts. Bone marrow aspirates identified potential mild megakaryocytic hypoplasia. All platelet functions and morphologic attributes were within normal limits during clinically normal phases. Presence of anti-dengue NS1 serum antibodies confirmed a positive DENV titer 8 years postvaccination. Based on the history and clinical findings, a primary differential diagnosis for this chronic, cyclic platelet pathology was autoimmune platelet destruction with potential bone marrow involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit H Frydman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Surgery, Innovation & Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert P Marini
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Armelle M de Laforcade
- Emergency and Critical Care, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Alton G Swennes
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claire E Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald G Tompkins
- Center for Surgery, Innovation & Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Antibodies against nonstructural protein 1 protect mice from dengue virus-induced mast cell activation. J Transl Med 2017; 97:602-614. [PMID: 28240747 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DHF/DSS patients have been reported to have increased levels of urinary histamine, chymase, and tryptase, which are major granule-associated mediators from mast cells. Previous studies also showed that DENV-infected human mast cells induce production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting a role played by mast cells in vascular perturbation as well as leukocyte recruitment. In this study, we show that DENV but not UV-inactivated DENV enhanced degranulation of mast cells and production of chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10) in a mouse model. We have previously shown that antibodies (Abs) against a modified DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), designated DJ NS1, provide protection in mice against DENV challenge. In the present study, we investigate the effects of DJ NS1 Abs on mast cell-associated activities. We showed that administration of anti-DJ NS1 Abs into mice resulted in a reduction of mast cell degranulation and macrophage infiltration at local skin DENV infection sites. The production of DENV-induced chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, and IP-10) and the percentages of tryptase-positive activated mast cells were also reduced by treatment with anti-DJ NS1 Abs. These results indicate that Abs against NS1 protein provide multiple therapeutic benefits, some of which involve modulating DENV-induced mast cell activation.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 27 February 2017; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2017.10.
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25
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da Fonseca NJ, Lima Afonso MQ, Pedersolli NG, de Oliveira LC, Andrade DS, Bleicher L. Sequence, structure and function relationships in flaviviruses as assessed by evolutive aspects of its conserved non-structural protein domains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:565-571. [PMID: 28087275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are responsible for serious diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika fever. Their genomes encode a polyprotein which, after cleavage, results in three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Homologous proteins can be studied by conservation and coevolution analysis as detected in multiple sequence alignments, usually reporting positions which are strictly necessary for the structure and/or function of all members in a protein family or which are involved in a specific sub-class feature requiring the coevolution of residue sets. This study provides a complete conservation and coevolution analysis on all flaviviruses non-structural proteins, with results mapped on all well-annotated available sequences. A literature review on the residues found in the analysis enabled us to compile available information on their roles and distribution among different flaviviruses. Also, we provide the mapping of conserved and coevolved residues for all sequences currently in SwissProt as a supplementary material, so that particularities in different viruses can be easily analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néli José da Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Querino Lima Afonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Natan Gonçalves Pedersolli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Carrijo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Dhiego Souto Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Bleicher
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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26
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Cox BD, Stanton RA, Schinazi RF. Predicting Zika virus structural biology: Challenges and opportunities for intervention. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:118-26. [PMID: 27296393 DOI: 10.1177/2040206616653873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus is an emerging crisis as infection is implicated in severe neurological disorders-Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly. There are currently no treatment options available for Zika virus infection. This virus is part of the flavivirus genus and closely related to Dengue Fever Virus, West Nile Virus, and Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Like other flaviviruses, the Zika virus genome encodes three structural proteins (capsid, precursor membrane, and envelope) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). Currently, no structural information exists on these viral proteins to facilitate vaccine design and rational drug discovery. METHODS Structures for all Zika virus viral proteins were predicted using experimental templates available from closely related viruses using the online SwissModel server. These homology models were compared to drug targets from other viruses using Visual Molecular Dynamics Multiseq software. Sequential alignment of all Zika virus polyproteins was performed using Clustal Omega to identify mutations in specific viral proteins implicated in pathogenesis. RESULTS The precursor membrane, envelope, and NS1 proteins are unique to Zika virus highlighting possible challenges in vaccine design. Sequential differences between Zika virus strains occur at critical positions on precursor membrane, envelope, NS2A, NS3, NS4B, and NS5 as potential loci for differential pathogenesis. Druggable pockets in Dengue Fever Virus and West Nile Virus NS3 and NS5 are retained in predicted Zika virus structures. CONCLUSIONS Lead candidates for Zika virus can likely be established using NS3 and NS5 inhibitors from other flaviviruses, and the structures presented can provide opportunities for Zika virus intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Cox
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Richard A Stanton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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27
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Chuang YC, Lin J, Lin YS, Wang S, Yeh TM. Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1-Induced Antibodies Cross-React with Human Plasminogen and Enhance Its Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:1218-26. [PMID: 26712948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease, and it can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Abnormal activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system is one of the hallmarks of DHF/DSS. However, the mechanism underlying hemorrhage in DHF/DSS remains elusive. In previous studies, plasminogen (Plg) cross-reactive Abs, which can recognize DENV nonstructural protein (NS) 1, have been found in dengue patients. However, it is unclear whether these Abs are indeed induced by DENV NS1. Thus, we immunized mice with recombinant NS1 from both bacteria and drosophila to determine whether NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs. The results from the NS1-immunized mouse sera indicated that NS1 immunization induced Abs that could cross-react with Plg. To study the effects of these NS1-induced Plg cross-reactive Abs on fibrinolysis, we isolated several Plg cross-reactive anti-NS1 mAbs from these mice and found that some of them could enhance Plg activation. In addition, epitope mapping with a phage-displayed random peptide library revealed that one of these mAbs (2A5) could recognize NS1 C-terminal residues 305-311, which share sequence homology with Plg residues 590-597. A synthetic peptide of NS1 residues 305-311 could inhibit the binding of both 2A5 and its Fab to Plg and its enhanced activation. Thus, our results suggest that DENV NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs through molecular mimicry, which can enhance Plg activation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and
| | - Jessica Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Shuying Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; and
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28
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Wan SW, Yang YW, Chu YT, Lin CF, Chang CP, Yeh TM, Anderson R, Lin YS. Anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antibodies contribute to platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. Thromb Haemost 2015; 115:646-56. [PMID: 26632672 DOI: 10.1160/th15-06-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is an important clinical manifestation of dengue disease. The hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia include decreased production and increased destruction or consumption of platelets. We previously suggested a mechanism of molecular mimicry in which antibodies (Abs) directed against dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with platelets. Furthermore, several lines of evidence show activation of endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages are related to dengue disease severity. Previous studies also suggested that Ab-opsonised platelets facilitate the engulfment of platelets by macrophages. Here we show that TNF-α-activated ECs upregulate adhesion molecule expression to enhance the binding of platelets and macrophages and lead to anti-DENV NS1 Ab-mediated platelet phagocytosis. We further demonstrate that the interaction between macrophages and TNF-α-activated ECs requires binding of FcγR with the Fc region of platelet-bound anti-DENV NS1 Abs. Importantly, the binding of anti-DENV NS1 Abs to platelets did not interfere with platelet adhesion to ECs. The adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and β3 integrin expressed on ECs as well as the FcγR expressed on macrophages were critical in anti-DENV NS1 Ab-mediated platelet phagocytosis on activated ECs. Moreover, anti-DENV NS1 Abs dramatically enhanced platelet engulfment by macrophages in a murine model of DENV infection. Our study provides evidence for a novel role for anti-DENV NS1 Abs in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in dengue disease by enhancing platelet phagocytosis by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Prof. Yee-Shin Lin, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Tel.: +886 6 2353535 ext. 5646, Fax: +886 6 2082705, E-mail:
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29
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Chu YT, Wan SW, Anderson R, Lin YS. Mast cell-macrophage dynamics in modulation of dengue virus infection in skin. Immunology 2015; 146:163-72. [PMID: 26059780 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome. Mast cells have been speculated to play a role in DENV disease although their precise roles are unclear. In this study, we used mast cell-deficient Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice to investigate the involvement of mast cells after intradermal DENV infection. An approximately two- to three-fold higher level of DENV NS3 antigen was detected at the skin inoculation site in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in DENV-infected wild-type (WT) mice (using a dose of 1 × 10(9) plaque-forming units/mouse). Moreover, as an indicator of heightened pathogenesis, a more prolonged bleeding time was observed in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in WT mice. Monocytes/macrophages are considered to be important targets for DENV infection, so we investigated the susceptibility and chemokine response of DENV-infected peritoneal macrophages from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) and WT mice both ex vivo and in vivo. There was a tendency for higher DENV infection and higher secretion of CCL2 (MCP-1) from peritoneal macrophages isolated from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than those from WT mice. In vivo studies using intradermal inoculation of DENV showed about twofold higher levels of infiltrating macrophages and CCL2 (MCP-1) at the inoculation site in both mock control and DENV-inoculated Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in corresponding WT mice. In summary, compared with WT mice, Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice show enhanced DENV infection and macrophage infiltration at the skin inoculation site as well as increased DENV-associated bleeding time. The results indicate an intriguing interplay between mast cells and tissue macrophages to restrict DENV replication in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Paediatrics and Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Cheng HJ, Luo YH, Wan SW, Lin CF, Wang ST, Hung NT, Liu CC, Ho TS, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Lin YS. Correlation between serum levels of anti-endothelial cell autoantigen and anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antibodies in dengue patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:989-95. [PMID: 25758647 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (anti-DENV NS1) antibodies cross-react with endothelial cells, and several autoantigens have been identified. This study shows that the antibody levels against these self-proteins are higher in sera from patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) than those in control sera. Anti-protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and anti-heat shock protein 60 (anti-HSP60) IgM levels correlated with both anti-endothelial cells and anti-DENV NS1 IgM titers. A cross-reactive epitope on the NS1 amino acid residues 311-330 (P311-330) had been predicted. We further found that there were higher IgM and IgG levels against P311-330 in DHF patients' sera than those in the control sera. In addition, correlations were observed between anti-PDI with anti-P311-330 IgM and IgG levels, respectively. Therefore, our results indicate that DENV NS1 P311-330 is a major epitope for cross-reactive antibodies to PDI on the endothelial cell surface, which may play an important role in DENV infection-induced autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shan-Tair Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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31
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Mackow ER, Gorbunova EE, Gavrilovskaya IN. Endothelial cell dysfunction in viral hemorrhage and edema. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:733. [PMID: 25601858 PMCID: PMC4283606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium maintains a vascular barrier by controlling platelet and immune cell interactions, capillary tone and interendothelial cell (EC) adherence. Here we suggest common elements in play during viral infection of the endothelium that alter normal EC functions and contribute to lethal hemorrhagic or edematous diseases. In viral reservoir hosts, infection of capillaries and lymphatic vessels may direct immunotolerance without disease, but in the absence of these cognate interactions they direct the delayed onset of human disease characterized by thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage in a severe endothelial dysfunction syndrome. Here we present insight into EC controls of hemostasis, immune response and capillary permeability that are altered by viral infection of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich R Mackow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Elena E Gorbunova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Irina N Gavrilovskaya
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
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32
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Molecular mimicry between dengue virus and coagulation factors induces antibodies to inhibit thrombin activity and enhance fibrinolysis. J Virol 2014; 88:13759-68. [PMID: 25231318 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02166-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, and it may lead to life-threating dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Because most cases of DHF/DSS occur in patients with secondary DENV infection, anti-DENV antibodies are generally considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS. Previously, we have found that antithrombin antibodies (ATAs) with both antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities are present in the sera of dengue patients. However, the mechanism by which these autoantibodies are induced is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies induced by DENV immunization in mice and rabbits could bind to DENV antigens as well as to human thrombin and plasminogen (Plg). The binding of anti-DENV antibodies to thrombin and Plg was inhibited by preadsorption with DENV nonstructural protein 1. In addition, affinity-purified ATAs from DENV-immunized rabbit sera could inhibit thrombin activity and enhance Plg activation both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that molecular mimicry between DENV and coagulation factors can induce the production of autoantibodies with biological effects similar to those of ATAs found in dengue patients. These coagulation-factor cross-reactive anti-DENV antibodies can interfere with the balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis, which may lead to the tendency of DHF/DSS patients to bleed. IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical areas. Over 50 million DENV infection cases develop each year, and more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of dengue-induced hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Currently, there is no vaccine or drug treatment for DENV. In the present study, we demonstrated that DENV immunization could induce thrombin and plasminogen (Plg) cross-reactive antibodies, which were able to inhibit thrombin activity and enhance Plg activation. These results suggest that molecular mimicry between DENV antigens, thrombin, and Plg may elicit antibodies that disturb hemostasis. The selection of appropriate candidate antigens for use in DENV vaccines should prevent these potentially dangerous autoimmune responses.
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Cedillo-Barrón L, García-Cordero J, Bustos-Arriaga J, León-Juárez M, Gutiérrez-Castañeda B. Antibody response to dengue virus. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:711-20. [PMID: 25124542 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the role of the antibody response against dengue virus and highlight novel insights into targets recognized by the human antibody response. We also discuss how the balance of pathological and protective antibody responses in the host critically influences clinical aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, CP 07360 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - José Bustos-Arriaga
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales #800, Col. Lomas de Virreyes, 11000, Mexico
| | - Benito Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Fan J, Liu Y, Yuan Z. Critical role of Dengue Virus NS1 protein in viral replication. Virol Sin 2014; 29:162-9. [PMID: 24903593 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a highly conserved 46-kDa protein that contains 2 glycosylation sites (Asn-130 and Asn-207) and 12 conserved cysteine (Cys) residues. Here, we performed site-directed mutagenesis to generate systematic mutants of viral strain TSV01. The results of the subsequent analysis showed that an alanine substitution at the second N-linked glycan Asn-207 in NS1 delayed viral RNA synthesis, reduced virus plaque size, and weakened the cytopathic effect. Three mutants at Cys sites (Cys-4, Cys-55, Cys-291) and a C-terminal deletion (ΔC) mutant significantly impaired RNA synthesis, and consequently abolished viral growth, whereas alanine mutations at Asn-130 and Glu-173 resulted in phenotypes that were similar to the wild-type (WT) virus. Further analysis showed that the Asn-207 mutation slightly delayed viral replication. These results suggest that the three conserved disulfide bonds and the second N-linked glycan in NS1 are required for DENV-2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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35
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Wan SW, Lu YT, Huang CH, Lin CF, Anderson R, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Yen YT, Wu-Hsieh BA, Lin YS. Protection against dengue virus infection in mice by administration of antibodies against modified nonstructural protein 1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92495. [PMID: 24658118 PMCID: PMC3962419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with dengue virus (DENV) may cause life-threatening disease with thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage which are related to dysfunction of platelets and endothelial cells. We previously showed that antibodies (Abs) against DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with human platelets and endothelial cells, leading to functional disturbances. Based on sequence homology analysis, the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 protein contains cross-reactive epitopes. For safety in vaccine development, the cross-reactive epitopes of DENV NS1 protein should be deleted or modified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We tested the protective effects of Abs against full-length DENV NS1, NS1 lacking the C-terminal amino acids (a.a.) 271-352 (designated ΔC NS1), and chimeric DJ NS1 consisting of N-terminal DENV NS1 (a.a. 1-270) and C-terminal Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 (a.a. 271-352). The anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs showed a lower binding activity to endothelial cells and platelets than that of anti-DENV NS1 Abs. Passive immunization with anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs reduced DENV-induced prolonged mouse tail bleeding time. Treatment with anti-DENV NS1, anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs reduced local skin hemorrhage, controlled the viral load of DENV infection in vivo, synergized with complement to inhibit viral replication in vitro, as well as abolished DENV-induced macrophage infiltration to the site of skin inoculation. Moreover, active immunization with modified NS1 protein, but not with unmodified DENV NS1 protein, reduced DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time, local skin hemorrhage, and viral load. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results support the idea that modified NS1 proteins may represent an improved strategy for safe and effective vaccine development against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tien Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Betty A. Wu-Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BAWH); (YSL)
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BAWH); (YSL)
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The dengue virus non-structural 1 protein: Risks and benefits. Virus Res 2014; 181:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Utility of humanized BLT mice for analysis of dengue virus infection and antiviral drug testing. J Virol 2013; 88:2205-18. [PMID: 24335303 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03085-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of a potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The lack of a small animal model that mimics the symptoms of DENV infection in humans has slowed the understanding of viral pathogenesis and the development of therapies and vaccines. Here, we investigated the use of humanized "bone marrow liver thymus" (BLT) mice as a model for immunological studies and assayed their applicability for preclinical testing of antiviral compounds. Human immune system (HIS) BLT-NOD/SCID mice were inoculated intravenously with a low-passage, clinical isolate of DENV-2, and this resulted in sustained viremia and infection of leukocytes in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. In addition, DENV infection increased serum cytokine levels and elicited DENV-2-neutralizing human IgM antibodies. Following restimulation with DENV-infected dendritic cells, in vivo-primed T cells became activated and acquired effector function. An adenosine nucleoside inhibitor of DENV decreased the circulating viral RNA when administered simultaneously or 2 days postinfection, simulating a potential treatment protocol for DENV infection in humans. In summary, we demonstrate that BLT mice are susceptible to infection with clinical DENV isolates, mount virus-specific adaptive immune responses, and respond to antiviral drug treatment. Although additional refinements to the model are required, BLT mice are a suitable platform to study aspects of DENV infection and pathogenesis and for preclinical testing of drug and vaccine candidates. IMPORTANCE Infection with dengue virus remains a major medical problem. Progress in our understanding of the disease and development of therapeutics has been hampered by the scarcity of small animal models. Here, we show that humanized mice, i.e., animals engrafted with components of a human immune system, that were infected with a patient-derived dengue virus strain developed clinical symptoms of the disease and mounted virus-specific immune responses. We further show that this mouse model can be used to test preclinically the efficacy of antiviral drugs.
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García-Machorro J, López-González M, Barrios-Rojas O, Fernández-Pomares C, Sandoval-Montes C, Santos-Argumedo L, Villegas-Sepúlveda N, Gutiérrez-Castañeda B, Cedillo-Barrón L. DENV-2 subunit proteins fused to CR2 receptor-binding domain (P28)-induces specific and neutralizing antibodies to the Dengue virus in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2326-35. [PMID: 23880886 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domain III (DIII) of the dengue virus (DENV) envelope (E) protein induces strong neutralizing type-specific antibodies. In addition, a region near the fusion loop in domain II (DII) induces the production of cross-reactive antibodies with neutralizing potential. Thus, this study aimed to generate DENV-2 recombinant fusion proteins (i.e., rEII*EIII and rEII*EIII/NS1*) either alone or fused to 3 copies of P28, the minimum CR2-binding domain of the complement protein C3d. The 4 recombinant proteins were generated in a Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) cell system. The expression and secretion of the recombinant proteins were confirmed in vitro using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot (WB) analyses. Human dengue immune serum samples recognized recombinant proteins. The immunogenicity of the 4 proteins in BALB/c mice was analyzed using ELISA, and the results revealed that the induced specific antibody response was higher in the groups of mice immunized with the P28 fusion proteins. Interestingly, although the 4 recombinant proteins were able to elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice; no adjuvant effect was observed in terms of neutralizing antibodies in the groups immunized with proteins containing P28. Thus, ELISA and PRNT50 assays may evaluate different epitopes and responses, where ELISA showed a wider response that did not always correlate with neutralization. Furthermore, the elicited antibodies were able to recognize the immobilized E glycoprotein of DENV. All mice vaccinated with the DENV-2 recombinant proteins showed induction of higher levels of IgG1 antibodies than of IgG2a antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín García-Machorro
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. IPN # 2508 Col.; San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F. Mexico, Mexico
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39
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Chen CL, Lin CF, Wan SW, Wei LS, Chen MC, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Anderson R, Lin YS. Anti–Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antibodies Cause NO-Mediated Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Ceramide-Regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and NF-κB Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1744-52. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Tsai TT, Chuang YJ, Lin YS, Wan SW, Chen CL, Lin CF. An emerging role for the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:40. [PMID: 23800014 PMCID: PMC3700829 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes both mild dengue fever and severe dengue diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The pathogenic mechanisms for DENV are complicated, involving viral cytotoxicity, immunopathogenesis, autoimmunity, and underlying host diseases. Viral load correlates with disease severity, while the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection largely determines the secondary effects of DENV infection. Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed an association between the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10, which is the master anti-inflammatory cytokine, and disease severity in patients with DENV infection. Based on current knowledge of IL-10-mediated immune regulation during infection, researchers speculate an emerging role for IL-10 in clinical disease prognosis and dengue pathogenesis. However, the regulation of dengue pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. This review article discusses the regulation and implications of IL-10 in DENV infection. For future strategies against DENV infection, manipulating IL-10 may be an effective antiviral treatment in addition to the development of a safe dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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41
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Wan SW, Lin CF, Wang S, Chen YH, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Anderson R, Lin YS. Current progress in dengue vaccines. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:37. [PMID: 23758699 PMCID: PMC3686670 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important emerging vector-borne viral diseases. There are four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV), each of which is capable of causing self-limited dengue fever (DF) or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The major clinical manifestations of severe DENV disease are vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully resolved. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathological aspects are also involved in the development of dengue symptoms. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development, including live attenuated virus vaccines, live chimeric virus vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, and live recombinant, DNA and subunit vaccines. The live attenuated virus vaccines and live chimeric virus vaccines are undergoing clinical evaluation. The other vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical animal models or are being prepared for clinical trials. For the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccines, the immunopathogenic complications such as antibody-mediated enhancement and autoimmunity of dengue disease need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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42
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Chuang YC, Lin YS, Liu HS, Wang JR, Yeh TM. Antibodies against thrombin in dengue patients contain both anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:358-65. [PMID: 23740201 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection may result in severe life-threatening Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The mechanisms causing haemorrhage in those with DHF are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies against human thrombin were increased in the sera of Dengue patients but not in that of patients infected with other viruses. To further characterise the properties of these antibodies, affinity-purified anti-thrombin antibodies (ATAs) were collected from Dengue patient sera by thrombin and protein A/L affinity columns. Most of the ATAs belonged to the IgG class and recognized DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). In addition, we found that dengue patient ATAs also cross-reacted with human plasminogen (Plg). Functional studies in vitro indicated that Dengue patient ATAs could inhibit thrombin activity and enhance Plg activation. Taken together, these results suggest that DENV NS1-induced thrombin and Plg cross-reactive antibodies may contribute to the development of haemorrhage in patients with DHF by interfering with coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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43
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Muller DA, Young PR. The flavivirus NS1 protein: molecular and structural biology, immunology, role in pathogenesis and application as a diagnostic biomarker. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:192-208. [PMID: 23523765 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavivirus nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is an enigmatic protein whose structure and mechanistic function have remained somewhat elusive ever since it was first reported in 1970 as a viral antigen circulating in the sera of dengue-infected patients. All flavivirus NS1 genes share a high degree of homology, encoding a 352-amino-acid polypeptide that has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa, depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 exists in multiple oligomeric forms and is found in different cellular locations: a cell membrane-bound form in association with virus-induced intracellular vesicular compartments, on the cell surface and as a soluble secreted hexameric lipoparticle. Intracellular NS1 co-localizes with dsRNA and other components of the viral replication complex and plays an essential cofactor role in replication. Although this makes NS1 an ideal target for inhibitor design, the precise nature of its cofactor function has yet to be elucidated. A plethora of potential interacting partners have been identified, particularly for the secreted form of NS1, with many being implicated in immune evasion strategies. Secreted and cell-surface-associated NS1 are highly immunogenic and both the proteins themselves and the antibodies they elicit have been implicated in the seemingly contradictory roles of protection and pathogenesis in the infected host. Finally, NS1 is also an important biomarker for early diagnosis of disease. In this article, we provide an overview of these somewhat disparate areas of research, drawing together the wealth of data generated over more than 40 years of study of this fascinating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wan SW, Lin CF, Yeh TM, Liu CC, Liu HS, Wang S, Ling P, Anderson R, Lei HY, Lin YS. Autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:3-11. [PMID: 23332423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral diseases. With climate change and the convenience of travel, dengue is spreading beyond its usual tropical and subtropical boundaries. Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes diseases ranging widely in severity, from self-limited dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage are the major clinical manifestations associated with severe DENV infection, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathogenesis is also involved in the development of dengue disease. Antibody-dependent enhancement increases the efficiency of virus infection and may suppress type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses. Aberrant activation of T cells and overproduction of soluble factors cause an increase in vascular permeability. DENV-induced autoantibodies against endothelial cells, platelets, and coagulatory molecules lead to their abnormal activation or dysfunction. Molecular mimicry between DENV proteins and host proteins may explain the cross-reactivity of DENV-induced autoantibodies. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development. For the development of a safe and effective dengue vaccine, the immunopathogenic complications of dengue disease need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road,Tainan, Taiwan
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45
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Amorim JH, Pereira Bizerra RS, dos Santos Alves RP, Sbrogio-Almeida ME, Levi JE, Capurro ML, de Souza Ferreira LC. A genetic and pathologic study of a DENV2 clinical isolate capable of inducing encephalitis and hematological disturbances in immunocompetent mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44984. [PMID: 23028722 PMCID: PMC3441697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue fever (DF), a mosquito-borne illness endemic to tropical and subtropical regions. There is currently no effective drug or vaccine formulation for the prevention of DF and its more severe forms, i.e., dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). There are two generally available experimental models for the study of DENV pathogenicity as well as the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. The first model consists of non-human primates, which do not develop symptoms but rather a transient viremia. Second, mouse-adapted virus strains or immunocompromised mouse lineages are utilized, which display some of the pathological features of the infection observed in humans but may not be relevant to the results with regard to the wild-type original virus strains or mouse lineages. In this study, we describe a genetic and pathological study of a DENV2 clinical isolate, named JHA1, which is naturally capable of infecting and killing Balb/c mice and reproduces some of the symptoms observed in DENV-infected subjects. Sequence analyses demonstrated that the JHA1 isolate belongs to the American genotype group and carries genetic markers previously associated with neurovirulence in mouse-adapted virus strains. The JHA1 strain was lethal to immunocompetent mice following intracranial (i.c.) inoculation with a LD50 of approximately 50 PFU. Mice infected with the JHA1 strain lost weight and exhibited general tissue damage and hematological disturbances, with similarity to those symptoms observed in infected humans. In addition, it was demonstrated that the JHA1 strain shares immunological determinants with the DENV2 NGC reference strain, as evaluated by cross-reactivity of anti-envelope glycoprotein (domain III) antibodies. The present results indicate that the JHA1 isolate may be a useful tool in the study of DENV pathogenicity and will help in the evaluation of anti-DENV vaccine formulations as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Steidel M, Fragnoud R, Guillotte M, Roesch C, Michel S, Meunier T, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Gervasi G, Bedin F. Nonstructural protein NS1 immunodominant epitope detected specifically in dengue virus infected material by a SELDI-TOF/MS based assay. J Med Virol 2012; 84:490-9. [PMID: 22246837 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV) infection is the most common mosquito-born viral disease of public health significance. Though most patients only suffer from flu-like symptoms, a small group of patients experiences more severe forms of the disease. The viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), a secreted protein correlating with viremia, is a key element used for dengue diagnosis with potential implications in severe dengue prognosis. Capture-ELISAs for the early detection of the NS1 protein in the sera during the acute febrile stage are commonly used in routine by diagnostic laboratories. In this study, the detection of NS1 protein in DV-infected material was assessed by an alternative method combining a single NS1-directed monoclonal antibody and the SELDI-TOF/MS technology. According to the epitope mapping, the antibodies used are mainly directed against an immuno-dominant peptide located on the C-terminal part of the protein. The NS1 SELDI-TOF assay is specific, has a sensitivity level close to capture-ELISAs and is potentially useful for a coupled serotyping/detection assay or for the detection of subtle post-translational modifications on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steidel
- Biomarker Department, BioMerieux SA, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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47
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Lin SW, Chuang YC, Lin YS, Lei HY, Liu HS, Yeh TM. Dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 binds to prothrombin/thrombin and inhibits prothrombin activation. J Infect 2012; 64:325-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Rodriguez-Roche R, Villegas E, Cook S, Poh Kim PAW, Hinojosa Y, Rosario D, Villalobos I, Bendezu H, Hibberd ML, Guzman MG. Population structure of the dengue viruses, Aragua, Venezuela, 2006-2007. Insights into dengue evolution under hyperendemic transmission. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 12:332-44. [PMID: 22197765 PMCID: PMC3919160 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past three decades there has been a notable increase in dengue disease severity in Venezuela. Nevertheless, the population structure of the viruses being transmitted in this country is not well understood. Here, we present a molecular epidemiological study on dengue viruses (DENV) circulating in Aragua State, Venezuela during 2006-2007. Twenty-one DENV full-length genomes representing all of the four serotypes were amplified and sequenced directly from the serum samples. Notably, only DENV-2 was associated with severe disease. Phylogenetic trees constructed using Bayesian methods indicated that only one genotype was circulating for each serotype. However, extensive viral genetic diversity was found in DENV isolated from the same area during the same period, indicating significant in situ evolution since the introduction of these genotypes. Collectively, the results suggest that the non-structural (NS) proteins may play an important role in DENV evolution, particularly NS1, NS2A and NS4B proteins. The phylogenetic data provide evidence to suggest that multiple introductions of DENV have occurred from the Latin American region into Venezuela and vice versa. The implications of the significant viral genetic diversity generated during hyperendemic transmission, particularly in NS protein are discussed and considered in the context of future development and use of human monoclonal antibodies as antivirals and tetravalent vaccines.
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Amorim JH, Diniz MO, Cariri FAMO, Rodrigues JF, Bizerra RSP, Gonçalves AJS, de Barcelos Alves AM, de Souza Ferreira LC. Protective immunity to DENV2 after immunization with a recombinant NS1 protein using a genetically detoxified heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant. Vaccine 2011; 30:837-45. [PMID: 22178517 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus non-structural 1 (NS1) protein contributes to evasion of host immune defenses and represents a target for immune responses. Evidences generated in experimental models, as well as the immune responses elicited by infected individuals, showed that induction of anti-NS1 immunity correlates with protective immunity but may also result in the generation of cross-reactive antibodies that recognize platelets and proteins involved in the coagulation cascade. In the present work, we evaluated the immune responses, protection to type 2 dengue virus (DENV2) challenges and safety parameters in BALB/c mice vaccinated with a recombinant NS1 protein in combination with three different adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide (alum), Freund's adjuvant (FA) or a genetically detoxified derivative of the heat-labile toxin (LT(G33D)), originally produced by some enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. Mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized with different vaccine formulations and the induced NS1-specific responses, including serum antibodies and T cell responses, were measured. Mice were also subjected to lethal challenges with the DENV2 NGC strain. The results showed that maximal protective immunity (50%) was achieved in mice vaccinated with NS1 in combination with LT(G33D). Analyses of the NS1-specific immune responses showed that the anti-virus protection correlated mainly with the serum anti-NS1 antibody responses including higher avidity to the target antigen. Mice immunized with LT(G33D) elicited a prevailing IgG2a subclass response and generated antibodies with stronger affinity to the antigen than those generated in mice immunized with the other vaccine formulations. The vaccine formulations were also evaluated regarding induction of deleterious side effects and, in contrast to mice immunized with the FA-adjuvanted vaccine, no significant hepatic damage or enhanced C-reactive protein levels were detected in mice immunized with NS1 and LT(G33D.) Similarly, no detectable alterations in bleeding time and hematological parameters were detected in mice vaccinated with NS1 and LT(G33D). Altogether, these results indicate that the combination of a purified recombinant NS1 and a nontoxic LT derivative is a promising alternative for the generation of safe and effective protein-based anti-dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Hottz E, Tolley ND, Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS, Bozza FA. Platelets in dengue infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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