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Peroumal D, Biswas PS. Kidney-Specific Interleukin-17 Responses During Infection and Injury. Annu Rev Immunol 2024; 42:35-55. [PMID: 37906942 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-052523-015141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys are life-sustaining organs that are vital to removing waste from our bodies. Because of their anatomic position and high blood flow, the kidneys are vulnerable to damage due to infections and autoinflammatory conditions. Even now, our knowledge of immune responses in the kidney is surprisingly rudimentary. Studying kidney-specific immune events is challenging because of the poor regenerative capacity of the nephrons, accumulation of uremic toxins, and hypoxia- and arterial blood pressure-mediated changes, all of which have unexpected positive or negative impacts on the immune response in the kidney. Kidney-specific defense confers protection against pathogens. On the other hand, unresolved inflammation leads to kidney damage and fibrosis. Interleukin-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to immunity against pathogens and pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of IL-17 activities in the kidney in the context of infections, autoinflammatory diseases, and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doureradjou Peroumal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Ah Kioon MD, Laurent P, Chaudhary V, Du Y, Crow MK, Barrat FJ. Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells response in inflammation and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:241-256. [PMID: 38553621 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the subsequent recognition that endogenous nucleic acids (NAs) could serve as TLR ligands have led to essential insights into mechanisms of healthy immune responses as well as pathogenic mechanisms relevant to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, NA-containing immune complexes serve as TLR ligands, with distinct implications depending on the additional immune stimuli available. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the robust producers of type I interferon (IFN-I), are providing critical insights relevant to TLR-mediated healthy immune responses and tissue repair, as well as generation of inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis, processes central to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe recent data characterizing the role of platelets and NA-binding chemokines in modulation of TLR signaling in pDCs, as well as implications for how the IFN-I products of pDCs contribute to the generation of inflammation and wound healing responses by monocyte/macrophages. Chemokine modulators of TLR-mediated B cell tolerance mechanisms and interactions between TLR signaling and metabolic pathways are also considered. The modulators of TLR signaling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases suggest new opportunities for identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paôline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Ambler WG, Kaplan MJ. Vascular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:251-265. [PMID: 38172627 PMCID: PMC11391830 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Vascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although comorbid cardiovascular risk factors are frequently present in patients with SLE, they do not explain the high burden of premature vascular disease. Profound innate and adaptive immune dysregulation seems to be the primary driver of accelerated vascular damage in SLE. In particular, evidence suggests that dysregulation of type 1 interferon (IFN-I) and aberrant neutrophils have key roles in the pathogenesis of vascular damage. IFN-I promotes endothelial dysfunction directly via effects on endothelial cells and indirectly via priming of immune cells that contribute to vascular damage. SLE neutrophils are vasculopathic in part because of their increased ability to form immunostimulatory neutrophil extracellular traps. Despite improvements in clinical care, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality among patients with SLE, and treatments that improve vascular outcomes are urgently needed. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of vascular injury in inflammatory conditions such as SLE could also have implications for common cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and may ultimately lead to personalized therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Ambler
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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5
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Wang X, Richard ML, Caldwell TS, Sundararaj K, Sato S, Nowling TK, Zhang XK. Role of the transcription factor Fli-1 on the CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219279. [PMID: 37790939 PMCID: PMC10543418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Fli-1, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus disease. Reduced Fli-1 expression in lupus mice leads to decreased renal Cxcl10 mRNA levels and renal infiltrating CXCR3+ T cells that parallels reduced renal inflammatory cell infiltration and renal damage. Inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 is critical for attracting inflammatory cells expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR3. The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis plays a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including lupus. Our data here demonstrate that renal CXCL10 protein levels are significantly lower in Fli-1 heterozygous MRL/lpr mice compared to wild-type MRL/lpr mice. Knockdown of Fli-1 significantly reduced CXCL10 secretion in mouse and human endothelial cells, and human mesangial cells, upon LPS or TNFα stimulation. The Fli-1 inhibitor, Camptothecin, significantly reduced CXCL10 production in human monocyte cells upon interferon stimulation. Four putative Ets binding sites in the Cxcl10 promoter showed significant enrichment for FLI-1; however, FLI-1 did not directly drive transcription from the human or mouse promoters, suggesting FLI-1 may regulate CXCL10 expression indirectly. Our results also suggest that the DNA binding domain of FLI-1 is necessary for regulation of human hCXCR3 promotor activity in human T cells and interactions with co-activators. Together, these results support a role for FLI-1 in modulating the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of both genes to impact lupus disease development. Signaling pathways or drugs that reduce FLI-1 expression may offer novel approaches to lupus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of General Practice, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mara Lennard Richard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tomika S. Caldwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kamala Sundararaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tamara K. Nowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xian K. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Jiwrajka N, Toothacre NE, Beethem ZT, Sting S, Forsyth KS, Dubin AH, Driscoll A, Stohl W, Anguera MC. Impaired dynamic X-chromosome inactivation maintenance in T cells is a feature of spontaneous murine SLE that is exacerbated in female-biased models. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103084. [PMID: 37399593 PMCID: PMC11140471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly female-biased systemic autoimmune disease, but the molecular basis for this female bias remains incompletely elucidated. B and T lymphocytes from patients with SLE and female-biased mouse models of SLE exhibit features of epigenetic dysregulation on the X chromosome which may contribute to this strong female bias. We therefore examined the fidelity of dynamic X-chromosome inactivation maintenance (dXCIm) in the pathogenesis of two murine models of spontaneous lupus-NZM2328 and MRL/lpr-with disparate levels of female-bias to determine whether impaired dXCIm contributes to the female bias of disease. METHODS CD23+ B cells and CD3+ T cells were purified from age-matched C57BL/6 (B6), MRL/lpr, and NZM2328 male and female mice, activated in vitro, and processed for Xist RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, H3K27me3 immunofluorescence imaging, qPCR, and RNA sequencing analyses. RESULTS The dynamic relocalization of Xist RNA and the canonical heterochromatin mark, H3K27me3, to the inactive X chromosome was preserved in CD23+ B cells, but impaired in activated CD3+ T cells from the MRL/lpr model (p < 0.01 vs. B6), and even more impaired in the heavily female-biased NZM2328 model (p < 0.001 vs. B6; p < 0.05 vs. MRL/lpr). RNAseq of activated T cells from NZM2328 mice revealed the female-biased upregulation of 32 X-linked genes distributed broadly across the X chromosome, many of which have roles in immune function. Many genes encoding Xist RNA-interacting proteins were also differentially expressed and predominantly downregulated, which may account for the observed mislocalization of Xist RNA to the inactive X chromosome. CONCLUSIONS Although evident in T cells from both the MRL/lpr and NZM2328 models of spontaneous SLE, impaired dXCIm is more severe in the heavily female-biased NZM2328 model. The aberrant X-linked gene dosage in female NZM2328 mice may contribute towards the development of female-biased immune responses in SLE-prone hosts. These findings provide important insights into the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to female-biased autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie E Toothacre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary T Beethem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Sting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine S Forsyth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee H Dubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Driscoll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lee AR, Lee SY, Choi JW, Um IG, Na HS, Lee JH, Cho ML. Establishment of a humanized mouse model of keloid diseases following the migration of patient immune cells to the lesion: Patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1713-1719. [PMID: 37524866 PMCID: PMC10474158 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid disorder is an abnormal fibroproliferative reaction that can occur on any area of skin, and it can impair the quality of life of affected individuals. To investigate the pathogenesis and develop a treatment strategy, a preclinical animal model of keloid disorder is needed. However, keloid disorder is unique to humans, and the development of an animal model of keloid disorder is highly problematic. We developed the patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX), which is a humanized mouse model, and compared it to the traditional mouse xenograft model (transplantation of only keloid lesions). To establish the PDKX model, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ten keloid patients or five healthy control subjects were injected into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull mice, and their keloid lesions were grafted onto the back after the engraftment of immune cells (transplantation of keloid lesions and KP PBMCs or HC PBMCs). Four weeks after surgery, the grafted keloid lesion was subjected to histologic evaluation. Compared to the traditional model, neotissue formed along the margin of the grafted skin, and lymphocyte infiltration and collagen synthesis were significantly elevated in the PDKX model. The neotissue sites resembled the margin areas of keloids in several respects. In detail, the levels of human Th17 cells, IL-17, HIF-1a, and chemokines were significantly elevated in the neotissue of the PDKX model. Furthermore, the weight of the keloid lesion was increased significantly in the PDKX model, which was due to the proinflammatory microenvironment of the keloid lesion. We confirmed that our patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model mimicked keloid disorder by recapitulating the in vivo microenvironment. This model will contribute to the investigation of cellular mechanisms and therapeutic treatments for keloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ram Lee
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Gyu Um
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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Tsai CY, Li KJ, Shen CY, Lu CH, Lee HT, Wu TH, Ng YY, Tsao YP, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. Decipher the Immunopathological Mechanisms and Set Up Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10066. [PMID: 37373215 PMCID: PMC10298725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditionally, LN is regarded as an immune complex (IC) deposition disease led by dsDNA-anti-dsDNA-complement interactions in the subendothelial and/or subepithelial basement membrane of glomeruli to cause inflammation. The activated complements in the IC act as chemoattractants to chemically attract both innate and adaptive immune cells to the kidney tissues, causing inflammatory reactions. However, recent investigations have unveiled that not only the infiltrating immune-related cells, but resident kidney cells, including glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes, macrophage-like cells, tubular epithelial cells and endothelial cells, may also actively participate in the inflammatory and immunological reactions in the kidney. Furthermore, the adaptive immune cells that are infiltrated are genetically restricted to autoimmune predilection. The autoantibodies commonly found in SLE, including anti-dsDNA, are cross-reacting with not only a broad spectrum of chromatin substances, but also extracellular matrix components, including α-actinin, annexin II, laminin, collagen III and IV, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Besides, the glycosylation on the Fab portion of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies can also affect the pathogenic properties of the autoantibodies in that α-2,6-sialylation alleviates, whereas fucosylation aggravates their nephritogenic activity. Some of the coexisting autoantibodies, including anti-cardiolipin, anti-C1q, anti-ribosomal P autoantibodies, may also enhance the pathogenic role of anti-dsDNA antibodies. In clinical practice, the identification of useful biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and following up on LN is quite important for its treatments. The development of a more specific therapeutic strategy to target the pathogenic factors of LN is also critical. We will discuss these issues in detail in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital & College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-J.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-J.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-J.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Hui-Ting Lee
- MacKay Memorial Hospital & MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Yee-Yung Ng
- Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital & College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Po Tsao
- Division of Holistic and Multidisciplinary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-J.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-J.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-C.H.)
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9
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Wang G, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Li S, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Nie H. CXCR3 deficiency decreases autoantibody production by inhibiting aberrant activated T follicular helper cells and B cells in lupus mice. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:39-47. [PMID: 36889185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a high level of autoantibody production. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells participate in the development of SLE. Several studies have shown that CXCR3+ cells are increased in SLE patients. However, the mechanism through which CXCR3 influences lupus development remains unclear. In this study, we established lupus models to determine the role of CXCR3 in lupus pathogenesis. The concentration of autoantibodies was detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the percentages of Tfh cells and B cells were measured using flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes in CD4+ T cells from wild-type (WT) and CXCR3 knock-out (KO) lupus mice. Migration of CD4+ T cells in spleen section was assessed using immunofluorescence. CD4+ T cell function in helping B cells produce antibodies was determined using a co-culture experiment and supernatant IgG ELISA. Lupus mice were treated with a CXCR3 antagonist to confirm the therapeutic effects. We found that the expression of CXCR3 was increased in CD4+ T cells from lupus mice. CXCR3 deficiency reduced autoantibody production with decreased proportions of Tfh cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells. Expression of Tfh-related genes was downregulated in CD4+ T cells from CXCR3 KO lupus mice. Migration to B cell follicles and T-helper function of CD4+ T cells were reduced in CXCR3 KO lupus mice. CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 decreased the level of serum anti-dsDNA IgG in lupus mice. We clarify that CXCR3 may play an important role in autoantibody production by increasing the percentages of aberrant activated Tfh cells and B cells and promoting the migration and T-helper function of CD4+ T cells in lupus mice. Thus, CXCR3 may be a potential target for lupus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojue Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhe Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Riedel JH, Robben L, Paust HJ, Zhao Y, Asada N, Song N, Peters A, Kaffke A, Borchers A, Tiegs G, Seifert L, Tomas NM, Hoxha E, Wenzel UO, Huber TB, Wiech T, Turner JE, Krebs CF, Panzer U. Glucocorticoids target the CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis and confer protection against immune-mediated kidney injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:160251. [PMID: 36355429 PMCID: PMC9870076 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids remain a cornerstone of therapeutic regimes for autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases - for example, in different forms of crescentic glomerulonephritis - because of their rapid antiinflammatory effects, low cost, and wide availability. Despite their routine use for decades, the underlying cellular mechanisms by which steroids exert their therapeutic effects need to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that high-dose steroid treatment rapidly reduced the number of proinflammatory CXCR3+CD4+ T cells in the kidney by combining high-dimensional single-cell and morphological analyses of kidney biopsies from patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA-associated) crescentic glomerulonephritis. Using an experimental model of crescentic glomerulonephritis, we show that the steroid-induced decrease in renal CD4+ T cells is a consequence of reduced T cell recruitment, which is associated with an ameliorated disease course. Mechanistic in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that steroids act directly on renal tissue cells, such as tubular epithelial cells, but not on T cells, which resulted in an abolished renal expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 as well as in the prevention of CXCR3+CD4+ T cell recruitment to the inflamed kidneys. Thus, we identified the CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis as a previously unrecognized cellular and molecular target of glucocorticoids providing protection from immune-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Robben
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Yu Zhao
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nariaki Asada
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and
| | - Ning Song
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and
| | - Anett Peters
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and
| | - Anna Kaffke
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and
| | - Alina Borchers
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology,,Institute of Pathology, Section of Nephropathology, and
| | - Larissa Seifert
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola M. Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Section of Nephropathology, and
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich O. Wenzel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F. Krebs
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine and,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Dodd KC, Menon M. Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945762. [PMID: 36505451 PMCID: PMC9730535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Dodd
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Madhvi Menon,
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13
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Gurrea-Rubio M, Fox DA. The dual role of CD6 as a therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1026521. [PMID: 36275816 PMCID: PMC9579686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease involves loss of tolerance to self-antigen, while progression of cancer reflects insufficient recognition and response of the immune system to malignant cells. Patients with immune compromised conditions tend to be more susceptible to cancer development. On the other hand, cancer treatments, especially checkpoint inhibitor therapies, can induce severe autoimmune syndromes. There is recent evidence that autoimmunity and cancer share molecular targets and pathways that may be dysregulated in both types of diseases. Therefore, there has been an increased focus on understanding these biological pathways that link cancer and its treatment with the appearance of autoimmunity. In this review, we hope to consolidate our understanding of current and emerging molecular targets used to treat both cancer and autoimmunity, with a special focus on Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 6.
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14
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Gaun A, Preciado López M, Olsson N, Wang JCK, Chan LJG, O'Brien J, Li W, Zavala‐Solorio J, Zhang C, Eaton D, McAllister FE. Triple‐threat quantitative multiplexed plasma proteomics analysis on immune complex disease MRL‐lpr mice. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100242. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Serum and Urine Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) Levels in Lupus Nephritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113199. [PMID: 35683585 PMCID: PMC9181282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a prevalent and severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Non-invasive diagnostics are limited, and current therapies have inadequate response rates. Expression of the chemokine Interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) is regulated by Interferon-γ signaling and NF-κB, and its molecular activity and enhanced urine concentrations are implicated in LN, but its utility as a diagnostic marker and association with demographic, clinical, or pathologic features is not defined. Methods: 38 LN patients and 11 patients with non-LN glomerular diseases (GD) with active disease were included. Eighteen of the LN patients had achieved remission at one follow-up during the study time. Serum and urine were obtained from these samples, and the IP-10 levels were measured. Results: Serum and urine IP-10 levels are significantly enhanced in LN patients with active disease as compared with normal individuals (serum average 179.7 pg/mL vs. 7.2 pg/mL, p < 0.0001; urine average 28.7 pg/mg vs. 1.6 pg/mg, p = 0.0019) and patients with other forms of glomerular disease (serum average 179.7 pg/mL vs. 84.9 pg/mL, p = 0.0176; urine average 28.7 pg/mg vs. 0.18 pg/mg, p = 0.0011). Urine IP-10 levels are significantly higher in patients with proliferative LN (PLN) than those with membranous LN (MLN) (average 32.8 pg/mg vs. 7.6 pg/mg, p = 0.0155). Urine IP-10 levels are also higher in MLN versus primary membranous nephropathy (MN) (average 7.6 pg/mg vs. 0.2 pg/mg, p = 0.0193). Importantly, serum IP-10 levels remain elevated during active LN and LN remission, but urine IP-10 levels are decreased from active LN to remission in 72% of our patients. Lastly, serum, but not urine IP-10 levels are significantly higher in African American than White American LN patients in active LN (average 227.8 pg/mL vs. 103.4 pg/mL, p = 0.0309) and during LN remission (average 254.6 pg/mL vs. 89.2 pg/mL, p = 0.0399). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum and urine IP-10 measurements provide promising tests for monitoring LN activity, differentiation between classifications of LN, and differentiation between LN and other forms of glomerular disease. We also conclude that further assessment of elevated IP-10 levels in the serum and urine of high-risk populations (i.e., African American) could be beneficial in determining why many of these patients have worse outcomes and are non-responsive to standard therapeutics.
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16
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Wang R, Zhang J, Li D, Liu G, Fu Y, Li Q, Zhang L, Qian L, Hao L, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Wang D, Cao Q. Imbalance of circulating innate lymphoid cell subpopulations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 239:109029. [PMID: 35525476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly identified heterogeneous family of innate immune cells. We conducted this study to investigate the frequency of circulating ILC subsets in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In DN, the proportion of total ILCs and certain ILC subgroups increased significantly. Positive correlations between proportion of total ILCs, ILC1s and body mass index, glycated hemoglobin were observed in DN. In LN, a significantly increased proportion of ILC1s was found in parallel with a reduced proportion of ILC2s. The proportions of total ILCs and ILC1s were correlated with WBC count and the level of C3. In all enrolled patients, the proportion of total ILCs and ILC1s was significantly correlated with the levels of ACR and GFR. In the present study, the proportion of circulating ILC subsets increased significantly in various types of CKD and correlated with clinico-pathological features, which suggests a possible role for ILCs in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guiling Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Central Laboratory of Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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18
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Brown GJ, Cañete PF, Wang H, Medhavy A, Bones J, Roco JA, He Y, Qin Y, Cappello J, Ellyard JI, Bassett K, Shen Q, Burgio G, Zhang Y, Turnbull C, Meng X, Wu P, Cho E, Miosge LA, Andrews TD, Field MA, Tvorogov D, Lopez AF, Babon JJ, López CA, Gónzalez-Murillo Á, Garulo DC, Pascual V, Levy T, Mallack EJ, Calame DG, Lotze T, Lupski JR, Ding H, Ullah TR, Walters GD, Koina ME, Cook MC, Shen N, de Lucas Collantes C, Corry B, Gantier MP, Athanasopoulos V, Vinuesa CG. TLR7 gain-of-function genetic variation causes human lupus. Nature 2022; 605:349-356. [PMID: 35477763 PMCID: PMC9095492 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although circumstantial evidence supports enhanced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling as a mechanism of human systemic autoimmune disease1-7, evidence of lupus-causing TLR7 gene variants is lacking. Here we describe human systemic lupus erythematosus caused by a TLR7 gain-of-function variant. TLR7 is a sensor of viral RNA8,9 and binds to guanosine10-12. We identified a de novo, previously undescribed missense TLR7Y264H variant in a child with severe lupus and additional variants in other patients with lupus. The TLR7Y264H variant selectively increased sensing of guanosine and 2',3'-cGMP10-12, and was sufficient to cause lupus when introduced into mice. We show that enhanced TLR7 signalling drives aberrant survival of B cell receptor (BCR)-activated B cells, and in a cell-intrinsic manner, accumulation of CD11c+ age-associated B cells and germinal centre B cells. Follicular and extrafollicular helper T cells were also increased but these phenotypes were cell-extrinsic. Deficiency of MyD88 (an adaptor protein downstream of TLR7) rescued autoimmunity, aberrant B cell survival, and all cellular and serological phenotypes. Despite prominent spontaneous germinal-centre formation in Tlr7Y264H mice, autoimmunity was not ameliorated by germinal-centre deficiency, suggesting an extrafollicular origin of pathogenic B cells. We establish the importance of TLR7 and guanosine-containing self-ligands for human lupus pathogenesis, which paves the way for therapeutic TLR7 or MyD88 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Brown
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pablo F Cañete
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Arti Medhavy
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Josiah Bones
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Roco
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuke He
- China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean Cappello
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julia I Ellyard
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Katharine Bassett
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Qian Shen
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Cynthia Turnbull
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Phil Wu
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Eun Cho
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - T Daniel Andrews
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matt A Field
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Division of Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - África Gónzalez-Murillo
- Unidad de Terapias Avanzadas, Oncología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Pascual
- Department of Pediatrics, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric J Mallack
- Division of Child Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Lotze
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huihua Ding
- China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Tomalika R Ullah
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giles D Walters
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mark E Koina
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nan Shen
- China Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carmen de Lucas Collantes
- Sección de Nefrología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michael P Gantier
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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19
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Ma Q, Luan J, Bai Y, Xu C, Liu F, Chen B, Ju D, Xu H. Interleukin-22 in Renal Protection and Its Pathological Role in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851818. [PMID: 35432360 PMCID: PMC9008451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney injury has gradually become a worldwide public health problem currently affecting approximately 10% of the population and can eventually progress to chronic end-stage renal disease characteristic by the result of epithelial atrophy. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine produced by activated immune cells, while acting mainly on epithelial cells ranging from innate immune response to tissue regeneration to maintain barrier integrity and promote wound healing. Accumulating data suggests that IL-22 has emerged as a fundamental mediator of epithelial homeostasis in the kidney through promoting tissue repair and regeneration, inhibiting oxidative stress, and producing antimicrobial peptides. Binding of IL-22 to its transmembrane receptor complex triggers janus kinase/tyrosine kinase 2 phosphorylation, which further activates a number of downstream cascades, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, MAP kinase, and protein kinase B, and initiates a wide array of downstream effects. However, the activation of the IL-22 signaling pathways promotes the activation of complement systems and enhances the infiltration of chemokines, which does harm to the kidney and may finally result in chronic renal failure of different autoimmune kidney diseases, including lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy. This review describes current knowledge of the basic features of IL-22, including structure, cellular origin and associated signaling pathways. Also, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the physiological and pathological effects of IL-22 in the kidney, suggesting the potential strategies for the specific application of this cytokine in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bufeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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20
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Allawe QH, Abed MQ, Abdullah HN. The possible effect of expressive plasma level of miRNA-21-5P on the serum level of IL-23 in with and without lupus nephritis patients. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Dang VD, Stefanski AL, Lino AC, Dörner T. B- and Plasma Cell Subsets in Autoimmune Diseases: Translational Perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:811-822. [PMID: 34955289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a central role in immunity owing to their unique antibody-producing capacity that provides protection against certain infections and during vaccination. In autoimmune diseases, B cells can gain pathogenic relevance through autoantibody production, antigen presentation, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Recent data indicate that B and plasma cells can function as regulators through the production of immunoregulatory cytokines and/or employing checkpoint molecules. In this study, we review the key findings that define subsets of B and plasma cells with pathogenic and protective functions in autoimmunity. In addition to harsh B-cell depletion, we discuss the strategies that have the potential to reinstall the balance of pathogenic and protective B cells with the potential of more specific and personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Duc Dang
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana-Luisa Stefanski
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Magnusen AF, Rani R, McKay MA, Hatton SL, Nyamajenjere TC, Magnusen DNA, Köhl J, Grabowski GA, Pandey MK. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 and Its CXCR3 Receptor Are the Salt and Pepper for T Cells Trafficking in a Mouse Model of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312712. [PMID: 34884512 PMCID: PMC8657559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease, which happens due to mutations in GBA1/Gba1 that encodes the enzyme termed as lysosomal acid β-glucosidase. The major function of this enzyme is to catalyze glucosylceramide (GC) into glucose and ceramide. The deficiency of this enzyme and resultant abnormal accumulation of GC cause altered function of several of the innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, augmented infiltration of T cells contributes to the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (e.g., IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, IL12p40, IL12p70, IL23, and IL17A/F). This leads to tissue damage in a genetic mouse model (Gba19V/-) of Gaucher disease. The cellular mechanism(s) by which increased tissue infiltration of T cells occurs in this disease is not fully understood. Here, we delineate role of the CXCR3 receptor and its exogenous C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in induction of increased tissue recruitment of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in Gaucher disease. Intracellular FACS staining of macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs) from Gba19V/- mice showed elevated production of CXCL9. Purified CD4+ T cells and the CD8+ T cells from Gba19V/- mice showed increased expression of CXCR3. Ex vivo and in vivo chemotaxis experiments showed CXCL9 involvement in the recruitment of Gba19V/- T cells. Furthermore, antibody blockade of the CXCL9 receptor (CXCR3) on T cells caused marked reduction in CXCL9- mediated chemotaxis of T cells in Gba19V/- mice. These data implicate abnormalities of the CXCL9-CXCR3 axis leading to enhanced tissue recruitment of T cells in Gaucher disease. Such results provide a rationale for blockade of the CXCL9/CXCR3 axis as potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation in Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Frank Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Reena Rani
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Mary Ashley McKay
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Tsitsi Carol Nyamajenjere
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Daniel Nii Aryee Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.F.M.); (M.A.M.); (S.L.H.); (T.C.N.); (D.N.A.M.)
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gregory Alex Grabowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Correspondence:
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23
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Esmaeili SA, Taheri RA, Mahmoudi M, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Morshedi M, Bahramifar A, Fasihi-Ramandi M. Inhibitory effects of tolerogenic probiotics on migratory potential of lupus patient-derived DCs. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1509-1514. [PMID: 35317107 PMCID: PMC8917844 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58438.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate whether Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus treatments can induce regulatory phenotype, together with modulating the expression of chemokine receptors (CRs) in dendritic cells (DCs). The CRs of DCs have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through directing recruitment and migration of immune cells. Materials and Methods In brief, monocytes of patients with SLE and healthy donors were isolated and differentiated to regulatory or inflammatory mature DCs through treatment with L. delbrueckii, L. rhamnosus, mixed probiotics, and LPS. Results FACScan analysis showed that the expression of CRs including CXCR3, CCR5, CCR4, and CCR3, was significantly reduced in all probiotic-treated groups of SLE and healthy (control) donors when compared with the LPS treated group. Conclusion The results demonstrated that tolerogenic probiotics could prevent or decrease the expression of inflammatory CRs on the surface of tolerogenic DCs during the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Morshedi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bahramifar
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Paquissi FC, Abensur H. The Th17/IL-17 Axis and Kidney Diseases, With Focus on Lupus Nephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654912. [PMID: 34540858 PMCID: PMC8446428 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by dysregulation and hyperreactivity of the immune response at various levels, including hyperactivation of effector cell subtypes, autoantibodies production, immune complex formation, and deposition in tissues. The consequences of hyperreactivity to the self are systemic and local inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most worrying manifestations of SLE, and most patients have this involvement at some point in the course of the disease. Among the effector cells involved, the Th17, a subtype of T helper cells (CD4+), has shown significant hyperactivation and participates in kidney damage and many other organs. Th17 cells have IL-17A and IL-17F as main cytokines with receptors expressed in most renal cells, being involved in the activation of many proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways. The Th17/IL-17 axis promotes and maintains repetitive tissue damage and maladaptive repair; leading to fibrosis, loss of organ architecture and function. In the podocytes, the Th17/IL-17 axis effects include changes of the cytoskeleton with increased motility, decreased expression of health proteins, increased oxidative stress, and activation of the inflammasome and caspases resulting in podocytes apoptosis. In renal tubular epithelial cells, the Th17/IL-17 axis promotes the activation of profibrotic pathways such as increased TGF-β expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with consequent increase of extracellular matrix proteins. In addition, the IL-17 promotes a proinflammatory environment by stimulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines by intrinsic renal cells and immune cells, and the synthesis of growth factors and chemokines, which together result in granulopoiesis/myelopoiesis, and further recruitment of immune cells to the kidney. The purpose of this work is to present the prognostic and immunopathologic role of the Th17/IL-17 axis in Kidney diseases, with a special focus on LN, including its exploration as a potential immunotherapeutic target in this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Chanana Paquissi
- Department of Medicine, Clínica Girassol, Luanda, Angola
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Abensur
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9943743. [PMID: 34337086 PMCID: PMC8294974 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9943743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset mainly localized in the germinal center (GC), acting as modulators of GC responses. They can disrupt Tfh cell- and B cell-linked recognition, induce Tfh apoptosis, and suppress B cell function. Evidences show that dysregulated Tfr cells are associated with the disease activity index and serum autoantibody levels, influencing the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review focuses on the interaction among Tfr, Tfh, and B cells, summarizes the characterization and function of Tfr cells, concludes the imbalance of CD4+T subsets in SLE, and presents potential therapies for SLE. In general, we discuss the roles of Tfr cells in the progress of SLE and provide potential treatments.
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26
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Basile DP, Ullah MM, Collet JA, Mehrotra P. T helper 17 cells in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:12-28. [PMID: 33789382 PMCID: PMC8041630 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic kidney disease have a strong underlying inflammatory component. This review focuses primarily on T helper 17 (Th17) cells as mediators of inflammation and their potential to modulate acute and chronic kidney disease. We provide updated information on factors and signaling pathways that promote Th17 cell differentiation with specific reference to kidney disease. We highlight numerous clinical studies that have investigated Th17 cells in the setting of human kidney disease and provide updated summaries from various experimental animal models of kidney disease indicating an important role for Th17 cells in renal fibrosis and hypertension. We focus on the pleiotropic effects of Th17 cells in different renal cell types as potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Finally, we highlight studies that present contrasting roles for Th17 cells in kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jason A Collet
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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27
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:80. [PMID: 33676416 PMCID: PMC7936245 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 receptors and ligands on immune cells and kidney parenchymal cells help maintain immunological homeostasis in the kidney. Dysregulated PD-1:PD-L1 binding interactions occur during the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The regulation of these molecules in the kidney is important to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies that treat RCC and may induce glomerulopathies as an adverse event. METHODS The expression and function of PD-1 molecules on immune and kidney parenchymal cells were reviewed in the healthy kidney, PD-1 immunotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, glomerulopathies and RCC. RESULTS PD-1 and/or its ligands are expressed on kidney macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Vitamin D3, glutathione and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate hypoxic cell signals involved in the expression and function of PD-1 molecules. These pathways are altered in kidney disease and are linked to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-23, and chemokines that bind CXCR3, CXCR4, and/or CXCR7. These factors are differentially produced in glomerulonephritis and RCC and may be important biomarkers in patients that receive PD-1 therapies and/or develop glomerulonephritis as an adverse event CONCLUSION: By comparing the functions of the PD-1 axis in glomerulopathies and RCC, we identified similar chemokines involved in the recruitment of immune cells and distinct mediators in T cell differentiation. The expression and function of PD-1 and PD-1 ligands in diseased tissue and particularly on double-negative T cells and parenchymal kidney cells needs continued exploration. The possible regulation of the PD-1 axis by vitamin D3, glutathione and/or AMPK cell signals may be important to kidney disease and the PD-1 immunotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, BG 10 RM 2C135, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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28
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Riedel JH, Turner JE, Panzer U. T helper cell trafficking in autoimmune kidney diseases. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:281-292. [PMID: 33598825 PMCID: PMC8523400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key drivers of autoimmune diseases, including crescentic GN. Many effector mechanisms employed by T cells to mediate renal damage and repair, such as local cytokine production, depend on their presence at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating the renal CD4+ T cell infiltrate are of central importance. From a conceptual point of view, there are four distinct factors that can regulate the abundance of T cells in the kidney: (1) T cell infiltration, (2) T cell proliferation, (3) T cell death and (4) T cell retention/egress. While a substantial amount of data on the recruitment of T cells to the kidneys in crescentic GN have accumulated over the last decade, the roles of T cell proliferation and death in the kidney in crescentic GN is less well characterized. However, the findings from the data available so far do not indicate a major role of these processes. More importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying both egress and retention of T cells from/in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, are unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms and functions of T cell migration in renal autoimmune diseases with a special focus on chemokines and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Chen PM, Tsokos GC. T Cell Abnormalities in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Update. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33512577 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex disease with broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. In addition to abnormal B cell responsive leading to autoantibody production, various T cells also play different roles in promoting systemic autoimmunity and end organ damage. We aim to provide a review on recent developments in how abnormalities in different T cells subsets contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis and how they inform the consideration of new promising therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS Distinct subsets of T cells known as T follicular helper cells enable the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Detailed understanding of the B cell helping T cell subsets should improve the performance of clinical trials targeting the cognate T:B cell interaction. CD8+ T cells play a role in peripheral tolerance and reversal of its exhausted phenotype could potentially alleviate both systemic autoimmunity and the risk of infection. Research on the abnormal lupus T cell signaling also leads to putative therapeutic targets able to restore interleukin-2 production and suppress the production of the pathogenic IL-17 cytokine. Recently, several studies have focused on dissecting T cell populations located in the damaged organs, aiming to target the pathogenic processes specific to each organ. Numerous T cell subsets play distinct roles in SLE pathogenesis and recent research in understanding abnormal signaling pathways, cellular metabolism, and environmental cues pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Min Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Tanaka Y, Kondo K, Ichibori A, Yanai Y, Susuta Y, Inoue S, Takeuchi T. Amiselimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 modulator, for systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicenter, open-label exploratory study. Lupus 2020; 29:1902-1913. [PMID: 33115374 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320966385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and exploratory efficacy of amiselimod, an oral selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 modulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS A multicenter, open-label phase Ib trial was conducted in Japan. Patients in Part 1 and Part 2-B received 0.2 mg amiselimod while those in Part 2-A received 0.4 mg amiselimod for 24 weeks. RESULTS Seventeen subjects received 0.2 or 0.4 mg amiselimod. Amiselimod and amiselimod-P plasma concentrations increased dose-dependently. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased in all patients after amiselimod treatment, with no clear dose response. There were no serious/severe adverse events (AEs) or clinically meaningful cardiac effects. Five subjects were withdrawn from amiselimod treatment following a decrease in lymphocyte count to <200/μl. Anti-double stranded-DNA antibody decreased from baseline to Week 24/end of treatment (EOT), with those in 2 subjects (22.2%) decreasing to within the normal range. Total SLE disease activity index 2000 score decreased by ≥4 at EOT in 7 of 17 subjects. CONCLUSIONS Amiselimod was generally well tolerated. While no serious AEs or infectious AEs led to discontinuation, low lymphocyte counts of <200/μl were observed as a laboratory abnormality. Our findings suggest the potential efficacy of amiselimod for patients with SLE.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02307643.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuoki Kondo
- Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Ichibori
- Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiari Yanai
- Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Susuta
- Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inoue
- Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Ma K, Du W, Xiao F, Han M, Huang E, Peng N, Tang Y, Deng C, Liu L, Chen Y, Li J, Yuan S, Huang Q, Hong X, Hu D, Cai X, Jiang Q, Liu D, Lu L. IL-17 sustains the plasma cell response via p38-mediated Bcl-xL RNA stability in lupus pathogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1739-1750. [PMID: 32917979 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Currently, both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of autoreactive plasma cells during SLE pathogenesis remain largely unclear. In this study, we first found that a major subset of IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells potently produced anti-dsDNA IgG upon IL-17A (IL-17) stimulation in SLE patients and lupus mice. Using a humanized lupus mouse model, we showed that the transfer of Th17 cell-depleted PBMCs from lupus patients resulted in a significantly reduced plasma cell response and attenuated renal damage in recipient mice compared to the transfer of total SLE PBMCs. Moreover, long-term BrdU incorporation in lupus mice detected highly enriched long-lived BrdU+ subsets among IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells. Lupus mice deficient in IL-17 or IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC) exhibited a diminished plasma cell response and reduced autoantibody production with attenuated renal damage, while the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells triggered the plasma cell response and renal damage in IL-17-deficient lupus mice. In reconstituted chimeric mice, IL-17RC deficiency resulted in severely impaired plasma cell generation but showed no obvious effect on germinal center B cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted plasma cell survival via p38-mediated Bcl-xL transcript stabilization. Together, our findings identified a novel function of IL-17 in enhancing plasma cell survival for autoantibody production in lupus pathogenesis, which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyang Ma
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, the Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixiong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiwen Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, the Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, China.
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Cao Y, Mi X, Wang Z, Zhang D, Tang W. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that the OAS family may play an important role in lupus nephritis. J Natl Med Assoc 2020; 112:567-577. [PMID: 32622555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that presents a high risk of end-stage renal disease. However, the molecular mechanisms of LN remain unclear. The lack of understanding hinders the development of specific targeted therapy for this progressive disease. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we used bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify novel targets and potential biomarkers for LN. MATERIAL AND METHODS A GSE32591 dataset, which included 31 LN glomerular biopsy tissues and 14 living donors' glomerular tissues, was downloaded for further analysis. Differentially expressed genes in LN were analyzed by the limma package. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the differentially expressed genes by using the Disease Ontology Semantic and Enrichment and the clusterProfiler software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then formed using STRING online tool. RESULTS 440 genes, including 310 upregulated genes and 130 downregulated genes, were found as differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that immune response is significantly enriched in such genes. The PPI network showed that ISG15, MX1, OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 were the hub genes enriched in LN. Along with literature review, the OAS family genes were revealed to be closely associated with LN progression. CONCLUSIONS our studies provided new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of LN. The OAS family may play an important role in LN and act as a novel molecular candidate for the further study of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuhua Mi
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Olson WJ, Jakic B, Hermann‐Kleiter N. Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases. FEBS J 2020; 287:2866-2890. [PMID: 32246891 PMCID: PMC7497069 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from infectious diseases and cancer. Notably, B and T lymphocytes from the adaptive arm of the immune system can co-operate to form long-lived antibody responses and are therefore the main target in vaccination approaches. Nevertheless, protective immune responses must be tightly regulated to avoid hyper-responsiveness and responses against self that can result in autoimmunity. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are perfectly adapted to rapidly alter transcriptional cellular responses to altered environmental settings. Their functional role is associated with both immune deficiencies and autoimmunity. Despite extensive linking of nuclear receptor function with specific CD4 T helper subsets, research on the functional roles and mechanisms of specific NRs in CD4 follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) B cells during the germinal center reaction is just emerging. We review recent advances in our understanding of NR regulation in specific cell types of the GC response and discuss their implications for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Olson
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Natascha Hermann‐Kleiter
- Translational Cell GeneticsDepartment of Pharmacology and GeneticsMedical University of InnsbruckAustria
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Tsokos GC. Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:605-614. [PMID: 32367037 PMCID: PMC8135909 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic autoimmunity. In parallel, studies have shed light on the mechanisms that contribute to organ inflammation and damage. New approaches that address the complicated interaction between genetic variants, epigenetic processes, sex and the environment promise to enlighten the multitude of pathways that lead to what is clinically defined as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is expected that each patient owns a unique 'interactome', which will dictate specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Sato S, Zhang XK, Temmoku J, Fujita Y, Matsuoka N, Yashiro-Furuya M, Asano T, Kobayashi H, Watanabe H, Migita K. Ets Family Transcription Factor Fli-1 Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment and Production of IL-17A in the MRL/Lpr Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030714. [PMID: 32183259 PMCID: PMC7140643 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Friend leukemia integration 1 (Fli-1) regulates the expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines and alters the progression of lupus nephritis in humans and in the MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) mouse model. Th17-mediated immune responses are notably important as they promote ongoing inflammation. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Fli-1 on expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and the infiltration of immune cells into the kidney. IL-17A concentrations were measured by ELISA in sera collected from MRL/lpr Fli-1-heterozygotes (Fli-1+/−) and MRL/lpr Fli-1+/+ control littermates. Expression of IL-17A and related proinflammatory mediators was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunofluorescence staining was performed on renal tissue from MRL/lpr Fli-1+/− and control littermates using anti-CD3, anti-CD4, and anti-IL-17A antibodies to detect Th17 cells and anti-CCL20 and anti-CD11b antibodies to identify CCL20+ monocytes. The expression of IL-17A in renal tissue was significantly reduced; this was accompanied by decreases in expression of IL-6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and IL-1β. Likewise, we detected fewer CD3+IL-17+ and CD4+IL-17+ cells in renal tissue of MLR/lpr Fli-1+/− mice and significantly fewer CCL20+CD11b+ monocytes. In conclusion, partial deletion of Fli-1 has a profound impact on IL-17A expression and on renal histopathology in the MRL/lpr mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (X.K.Z.); Tel.: +81-24-547-1171 (S.S.); +1-843-792-1991 (X.K.Z.); Fax: +81-24-547-1172 (S.S.); +1-843-792-7121 (X.K.Z.)
| | - Xian K. Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (X.K.Z.); Tel.: +81-24-547-1171 (S.S.); +1-843-792-1991 (X.K.Z.); Fax: +81-24-547-1172 (S.S.); +1-843-792-7121 (X.K.Z.)
| | - Jumpei Temmoku
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Naoki Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Makiko Yashiro-Furuya
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.T.); (Y.F.); (N.M.); (M.Y.-F.); (T.A.); (H.K.); (H.W.); (K.M.)
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Interferon lambda promotes immune dysregulation and tissue inflammation in TLR7-induced lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5409-5419. [PMID: 32094169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916897117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III IFN lambdas (IFN-λ) have recently been described as important mediators of immune responses at barrier surfaces. However, their role in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition characterized by aberrant type I IFN signaling, has not been determined. Here, we identify a nonredundant role for IFN-λ in immune dysregulation and tissue inflammation in a model of TLR7-induced lupus. IFN-λ protein is increased in murine lupus and IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1) deficiency significantly reduces immune cell activation and associated organ damage in the skin and kidneys without effects on autoantibody production. Single-cell RNA sequencing in mouse spleen and human peripheral blood revealed that only mouse neutrophils and human B cells are directly responsive to this cytokine. Rather, IFN-λ activates keratinocytes and mesangial cells to produce chemokines that induce immune cell recruitment and promote tissue inflammation. These data provide insights into the immunobiology of SLE and identify type III IFNs as important factors for tissue-specific pathology in this disease.
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Niebuhr M, Bieber K, Banczyk D, Maass S, Klein S, Becker M, Ludwig R, Zillikens D, Westermann J, Kalies K. Epidermal Damage Induces Th1 Polarization and Defines the Site of Inflammation in Murine Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1713-1722.e9. [PMID: 32057838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by subepidermal blisters. The pathogenesis is mediated by deposits of autoantibodies directed against type VII collagen in the skin, but the sequence of events regulating the localization of skin blisters is not fully understood. In this study, using the immunization-induced mouse model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, we demonstrate that epidermal disruption induces not only an infiltration of CD4+ T cells but also a T helper type 1 phenotype as it has been described for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. This T helper type 1 reaction was not found when different antigens were applied. Deep T-cell receptor β profiling revealed shifts in the V/J gene usage only in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, suggesting an infiltration of autoantigen-specific T cells. To target these autoantigen-specific T cells, we established an approach with which skin inflammation could be prevented without impairing the functionality of autoantibodies. We conclude that T-cell involvement in skin blistering diseases such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita relates not only to T-cell help for B cells that produce pathogenic autoantibodies but also to autoreactive T helper type 1 effector cells that migrate into injured skin sites, exacerbate inflammation through production of inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, and prevent wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Niebuhr
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Banczyk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Mareike Becker
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Gao J, Wu L, Wang S, Chen X. Role of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 (CXCL10) in Renal Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6194864. [PMID: 32089645 PMCID: PMC7025113 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), exerts biological function mainly through binding to its specific receptor, CXCR3. Studies have shown that renal resident mesangial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, endothelial cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells express CXCL10 and CXCR3 under inflammatory conditions. In the last few years, strong experimental and clinical evidence has indicated that CXCL10 is involved in the development of renal diseases through the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells and facilitation of cell growth and angiostatic effects. In addition, CXCL10 has been shown to be a significant biomarker of disease severity, and it can be used as a prognostic indicator for a variety of renal diseases, such as renal allograft dysfunction and lupus nephritis. In this review, we summarize the structures and biological functions of CXCL10 and CXCR3, focusing on the important role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, and provide a theoretical basis for CXCL10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. Renal fibrosis is considered to be closely related to various cell types, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, T cells, and other inflammatory cells. Multiple types of cells regulate renal fibrosis through the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts, and the production of the extracellular matrix. Cell trafficking is orchestrated by a family of small proteins called chemokines. Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties, which are classified into 4 groups: CXCL, CCL, CX3CL, and XCL. Similarly, chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors classified into 4 groups: XCR, CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR. Chemokine receptors are also implicated in the infiltration, differentiation, and survival of functional cells, triggering inflammation that leads to fibrosis development. In this review, we summarize the different chemokine receptors involved in the processes of fibrosis in different cell types. Further studies are required to identify the molecular mechanisms of chemokine signaling that contribute to renal fibrosis.
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Chen T, Li XP, Zhang C, Kong PY, Gao QG, Tang L, Wang R, Yang SJ, Gao L, Liu Y, Gao L, Feng YM, Rao J, Peng XG, Zhang X. [The clinical observation of serum specific biomarkers in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:948-952. [PMID: 31856446 PMCID: PMC7342379 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
目的 研究异基因造血干细胞移植后患者血清生物标志物表达水平对慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)早期诊断的价值。 方法 采用液相悬浮芯片法检测接受异基因造血干细胞移植后发生和未发生cGVHD患者5种血清蛋白标志物(IL-1b、IL-16、CXCL9、CCL19、CCL17)表达水平。 结果 相较于未发生cGVHD的对照组,cGVHD患者血清中CXCL9、CCL17表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),其中CCL17与cGVHD的疾病严重程度相关(P<0.001);CXCL9在皮肤损害的cGVHD患者血清中显著升高(P<0.01),CCL17在肝脏为靶器官的cGVHD患者中表达水平显著升高(P<0.01)。 结论 CXCL9联合CCL17可作为cGVHD的血清生物标志物,对辅助cGVHD诊断和评估严重程度有一定参考价值。
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing 400037, China
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Amiselimod (MT-1303), a Novel Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Modulator, Potently Inhibits the Progression of Lupus Nephritis in Two Murine SLE Models. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5821589. [PMID: 31930150 PMCID: PMC6942851 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5821589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amiselimod (MT-1303) is a novel and selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) modulator with a more favorable cardiac safety profile than other S1P1 receptor modulators. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MT-1303 on the progression of lupus nephritis in two well-known murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) models, MRL/lpr and NZBWF1 mice, compared with those of FK506. Daily oral doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg MT-1303 not only inhibited the development of lupus nephritis when administered before onset in MRL/lpr and NZBWF1 mice but also improved symptoms of lupus nephritis when administered after onset in MRL/lpr mice. Its efficacy in these models was more potent or comparable to that of FK506 (1 and 3 mg/kg). In histological analysis, treatment with MT-1303 inhibited infiltration of T cells into the kidneys, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis. MT-1303 treatment resulted in a marked reduction in T cells and B cells in the peripheral blood and significantly inhibited increases in the number of plasma cells in the spleen and T cells in the kidneys. In addition, administration of MT-1303 suppressed elevations in serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels in MRL/lpr mice, but not in NZBWF1 mice. Our findings show that MT-1303 exhibits marked therapeutic effects on lupus nephritis in two SLE models, likely by reducing the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the kidneys. These results suggest that MT-1303 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for patients suffering from SLE, including lupus nephritis.
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Carpenter RS, Jiang RR, Brennan FH, Hall JCE, Gottipati MK, Niewiesk S, Popovich PG. Human immune cells infiltrate the spinal cord and impair recovery after spinal cord injury in humanized mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19105. [PMID: 31836828 PMCID: PMC6911055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice can be used to better understand how the human immune system responds to central nervous system (CNS) injury and inflammation. The optimal parameters for using humanized mice in preclinical CNS injury models need to be established for appropriate use and interpretation. Here, we show that the developmental age of the human immune system significantly affects anatomical and functional outcome measures in a preclinical model of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, it takes approximately 3-4 months for a stable and functionally competent human immune system to develop in neonatal immune compromised mice after they are engrafted with human umbilical cord blood stem cells. Humanized mice receiving a SCI before or after stable engraftment exhibit significantly different neuroinflammatory profiles. Importantly, the development of a mature human immune system was associated with worse lesion pathology and neurological recovery after SCI. In these mice, human T cells infiltrate the spinal cord lesion and directly contact human macrophages. Together, data in this report establish an optimal experimental framework for using humanized mice to help translate promising preclinical therapies for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Carpenter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Roselyn R Jiang
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Faith H Brennan
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jodie C E Hall
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manoj K Gottipati
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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Cao Y, Tang W, Tang W. Immune cell infiltration characteristics and related core genes in lupus nephritis: results from bioinformatic analysis. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:37. [PMID: 31638917 PMCID: PMC6805654 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that presents a high risk of end-stage renal disease. In the present study, we used CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of gene expression profiles to identify immune cell infiltration characteristics and related core genes in LN. RESULTS Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE32591 and GSE113342, were downloaded for further analysis. The GSE32591 dataset, which included 32 LN glomerular biopsy tissues and 14 glomerular tissues from living donors, was analyzed by CIBERSORT. Different immune cell types in LN were analyzed by the Limma software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis based on GSEA were performed by clusterProfiler software. Lists of core genes were derived from Spearman correlation between the most significant GO term and differentially expressed immune cell gene from CIBERSORT. GSE113342 was employed to validate the association between selected core genes and clinical manifestation. Five types of immune cells revealed important associations with LN, and monocytes emerged as having the most prominent differences. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that immune response pathways are significantly enriched in LN. The Spearman correlation indicated that 15 genes, including FCER1G, CLEC7A, MARCO, CLEC7A, PSMB9, and PSMB8, were closely related to clinical features. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify immune cell infiltration with microarray data of glomeruli in LN by using CIBERSORT analysis and provides novel evidence and clues for further research of the molecular mechanisms of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihao Tang
- Chengdu Foreign Language School, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue alley, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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45
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Syrett CM, Anguera MC. When the balance is broken: X-linked gene dosage from two X chromosomes and female-biased autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:919-932. [PMID: 31125996 PMCID: PMC7206452 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ri0319-094r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Women and men exhibit differences in innate and adaptive immunity, and women are more susceptible to numerous autoimmune disorders. Two or more X chromosomes increases the risk for some autoimmune diseases, and increased expression of some X-linked immune genes is frequently observed in female lymphocytes from autoimmune patients. Evidence from mouse models of autoimmunity also supports the idea that increased expression of X-linked genes is a feature of female-biased autoimmunity. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the correlation between abnormal X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), an essential mechanism female somatic cells use to equalize X-linked gene dosage between the sexes, and autoimmunity in lymphocytes. In this review, we highlight research describing overexpression of X-linked immunity-related genes and female-biased autoimmunity in both humans and mouse models, and make connections with our recent work elucidating lymphocyte-specific mechanisms of XCI maintenance that become altered in lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Syrett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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46
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Inflammatory chemokine profiles and their correlations with effector CD4 T cell and regulatory cell subpopulations in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2019; 119:95-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic heterogeneous autoimmune disorders characterized by abnormal regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Despite extensive efforts, the full spectrum of molecular factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases remains unclear. ncRNAs can govern gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in multiple diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for ncRNAs, such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, in the development of immune cells and rheumatic diseases. Here, we focus on the epigenetic regulatory roles of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and as biomarkers of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
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48
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Larosa M, Zen M, Gatto M, Jesus D, Zanatta E, Iaccarino L, Inês L, Doria A. IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:42-51. [PMID: 30664357 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218824547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Our article is focused on emerging pathogenetic pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, IL-12 and IL-23 have been described as emerging cytokines in SLE pathogenesis. We know that IL-23 stimulates Th17 cells to produce IL-17. We try to point out the importance of IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE and to focus on the interaction between this axis and IL-12. Ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed towards the p40 shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been recently investigated in SLE, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. To our knowledge, there are no reviews which simultaneously focus on IL-12 an IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE. Thus, we believe our work will be of interest to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Larosa
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Zen
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Diogo Jesus
- 2 Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Inês
- 2 Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.,3 Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,4 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andrea Doria
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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49
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Qin L, Du Y, Ding H, Haque A, Hicks J, Pedroza C, Mohan C. Bradykinin 1 receptor blockade subdues systemic autoimmunity, renal inflammation, and blood pressure in murine lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:12. [PMID: 30621761 PMCID: PMC6325757 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the role of bradykinins and bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) in murine lupus nephritis. METHODS C57BL/6 and MRL/lpr mice were compared for renal expression of B1R and B2R by western blot and immunohistochemistry. MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice were administered the B1R antagonist, SSR240612 for 12 weeks, and monitored for blood pressure, proteinuria, renal function, and serum autoantibodies. RESULTS Renal B1R:B2R ratios were significantly upregulated in MRL/lpr mice compared with B6 controls. B1R blockade ameliorated renal pathology lesions, proteinuria, and blood pressure, accompanied by lower serum IgG and anti-dsDNA autoantibody levels, reduced splenic marginal zone B cells and CD4+ T cells, and renal infiltrating CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Both urine and renal CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines were also decreased in the B1R blocked MRL/lpr mice. CONCLUSION Bradykinin receptor B1R blockade ameliorates both systemic immunity and renal inflammation possibly by inhibiting multiple chemokines and renal immune cell infiltration. B1R blockade may be particularly attractive in subjects with concomitant lupus nephritis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Huihua Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anam Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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50
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Tsujimura S, Tanaka Y. Treatment with Methotrexate and Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy Regulates the P-gp +CD4 + Cell-related Pathogenesis in a Representative Patient with Refractory Proliferative Lupus Nephritis. Intern Med 2019; 58:3173-3178. [PMID: 31685786 PMCID: PMC6875445 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2589-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) is a serious organ complication. Drug resistance correlates with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression on activated lymphocytes. We encountered a refractory DPLN patient with expansion of peripheral CD69/CXCR3-co-expressing P-gp+CD4+ cells producing IL-2 and IL-6. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroid combined with biweekly intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY) failed to reduce the population of activated P-gp+CD4+ cells or control the disease activity. Methotrexate (MTX) with monthly IVCY reduced activated P-gp+CD4+ cells and improved the clinical symptoms, resulting in long-term remission and tapering of corticosteroids. MTX-IVCY combination therapy, which down-regulates the activated P-gp+CD4+ cell-mediated disease activity, may be useful for the treatment of refractory DPLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuyo Tsujimura
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Japan
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