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Elkoshi Z. Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: A Tale of Two Immunological Opposites? Front Immunol 2022; 13:821598. [PMID: 35145524 PMCID: PMC8822211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article compares, side-by-side, cancer and autoimmune diseases in terms of innate and adaptive immune cells involvement, MHC Class I and Class II expression, TGFβ effect, immune modulating drugs effect and the effect of reactive oxygen species. The change in the inflammatory immune reaction during the progress of cancer and the effect of this change on the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases and cancer are discussed. The similar inflammatory properties of autoimmune diseases and early cancer, and the contrasting inflammatory properties of autoimmune diseases and advanced cancer elucidate the increased incidence of many types of cancer in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases and the decreased cancer-specific mortality of these patients. Stage-dependent effects of reactive oxygen-species on tumor proliferation are an additional probable cause for these epidemiological observations. The relationship: {standardized incidence ratio (SIR)} > {cancer-specific hazard ratio (HR)} for cancer patients with a history of autoimmune diseases is substantiated and rationalized.
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2
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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3
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Adamczyk B, Koziarska D, Kasperczyk S, Adamczyk-Sowa M. Are antioxidant parameters in serum altered in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with II-line immunomodulatory therapy? Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1083-1093. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1535176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Adamczyk
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Koziarska
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Hoffmann MH, Griffiths HR. The dual role of Reactive Oxygen Species in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: evidence from preclinical models. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:62-71. [PMID: 29550327 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are created in cells during oxidative phosphorylation by the respiratory chain in the mitochondria or by the family of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. The first discovered and most studied of these complexes, NOX2, mediates the oxidative burst in phagocytes. ROS generated by NOX2 are dreadful weapons: while being essential to kill ingested pathogens they can also cause degenerative changes on tissue if production and release are not balanced by sufficient detoxification. In the last fifteen years evidence has been accumulating that ROS are also integral signaling molecules and are important for regulating autoimmunity and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. It seems that an accurate redox balance is necessary to sustain an immune state that both prevents the development of overt autoimmunity (the bright side of ROS) and minimizes collateral tissue damage (the dark side of ROS). Herein, we review studies from rodent models of arthritis, lupus, and neurodegenerative diseases that show that low NOX2-derived ROS production is linked to disease and elaborate on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and the translation of these results to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
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Sareila O, Hagert C, Kelkka T, Linja M, Xu B, Kihlberg J, Holmdahl R. Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Both Priming and Established Arthritis, but with Different Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1473-1490. [PMID: 28467721 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) is a key regulatory component of the phagocytic NOX2 complex, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polymorphism of the Ncf1 gene is associated with increased arthritis severity. In this study, we generated targeted Ncf1 knock-in mice with inducible Ncf1 expression and determined the critical time window during which the NOX2-derived ROS protect the mice from arthritis. RESULTS Targeted Ncf1 knock-in mice lacked NOX2-derived ROS, and in vivo allelic conversion of Ncf1 by the CreERT2 recombinase led to full protein expression and ROS production within 10 days. Mice in which Ncf1 had been activated before immunization with type II collagen (CII) developed only mild clinical symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), whereas the ROS-deficient littermates had severe arthritis. The functional Ncf1 restricted the expansion of IL-17A-producing T cells specific for the immunodominant CII peptide. When the Ncf1 gene was activated after the priming phase, Ncf1-dependent protection from autoimmune arthritis was still observed, together with a reduced number of splenic monocytes but it was not associated with alterations in peptide-specific T cell response. The Ncf1-deficient mice expressed pronounced interferon signature, which could be normalized by conditional expression of Ncf1 and was also present in the Ncf1-mutated mouse during arthritis. Innovation and Conclusion: Ncf1 deficiency has been known to predispose to autoimmunity in both humans and rodents. Our in vivo results point to a regulatory role of NOX2-derived ROS not only during priming but also during the effector phase of CIA, most likely via different mechanisms. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1473-1490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Sareila
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Hagert
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,2 The National Doctoral Programme, Informational and Structural Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Kelkka
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,3 Turku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Linja
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Bingze Xu
- 4 Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- 5 Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- 1 Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,4 Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Sorce S, Stocker R, Seredenina T, Holmdahl R, Aguzzi A, Chio A, Depaulis A, Heitz F, Olofsson P, Olsson T, Duveau V, Sanoudou D, Skosgater S, Vlahou A, Wasquel D, Krause KH, Jaquet V. NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence? Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:387-396. [PMID: 28811143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O2•-/H2O2 generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O2•-/H2O2 can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuropathology Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Chio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U1216 and Univ, Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Peter Olofsson
- Redoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden; Pronoxis AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Skosgater
- Arttic, 58A rue du Dessous des Berges, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Calderón CI, Yandell BS, Doebley JF. Fine Mapping of a QTL Associated with Kernel Row Number on Chromosome 1 of Maize. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150276. [PMID: 26930509 PMCID: PMC4773258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic factors underlying changes in ear morphology, and particularly the inheritance of kernel row number (KRN), have been broadly investigated in diverse mapping populations in maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we mapped a region on the long arm of chromosome 1 containing a QTL for KRN. This work was performed using a set of recombinant chromosome nearly isogenic lines (RCNILs) derived from a BC2S3 population produced using the inbred maize line W22 and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) as the parents. A set of 48 RCNILs was evaluated in the field during the summer of 2013 in order to perform the mapping. A QTL for KRN was found that explained approximately 51% of the phenotypic variance and had a 1.5-LOD confidence interval of 203 kb. Seven genes are described in this interval. One of these candidate genes may have been the target of domestication processes in maize and contributed to the shift from two kernel row ears in teosinte to a highly polystichous ear in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I. Calderón
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian S. Yandell
- Department of Statistics and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John F. Doebley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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8
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Gonzales NM, Palmer AA. Fine-mapping QTLs in advanced intercross lines and other outbred populations. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:271-92. [PMID: 24906874 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative genetic studies in model organisms, particularly in mice, have been extremely successful in identifying chromosomal regions that are associated with a wide variety of behavioral and other traits. However, it is now widely understood that identification of the underlying genes will be far more challenging. In the last few years, a variety of populations have been utilized in an effort to more finely map these chromosomal regions with the goal of identifying specific genes. The common property of these newer populations is that linkage disequilibrium spans relatively short distances, which permits fine-scale mapping resolution. This review focuses on advanced intercross lines (AILs) which are the simplest such population. As originally proposed in 1995 by Darvasi and Soller, an AIL is the product of intercrossing two inbred strains beyond the F2 generation. Unlike recombinant inbred strains, AILs are maintained as outbred populations; brother-sister matings are specifically avoided. Each generation of intercrossing beyond the F2 further degrades linkage disequilibrium between adjacent makers, which allows for fine-scale mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Advances in genotyping technology and techniques for the statistical analysis of AILs have permitted rapid advances in the application of AILs. We review some of the analytical issues and available software, including QTLRel, EMMA, EMMAX, GEMMA, TASSEL, GRAMMAR, WOMBAT, Mendel, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Gonzales
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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9
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Gillett A, Bergman P, Parsa R, Bremges A, Giegerich R, Jagodic M. A silent exonic SNP in kdm3a affects nucleic acids structure but does not regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81912. [PMID: 24312603 PMCID: PMC3849365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining genetic variants that predispose for diseases is an important initiative that can improve biological understanding and focus therapeutic development. Genetic mapping in humans and animal models has defined genomic regions controlling a variety of phenotypes known as quantitative trait loci (QTL). Causative disease determinants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), lie within these regions and can often be identified through effects on gene expression. We previously identified a QTL on rat chromosome 4 regulating macrophage phenotypes and immune-mediated diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Gene analysis and a literature search identified lysine-specific demethylase 3A (Kdm3a) as a potential regulator of these phenotypes. Genomic sequencing determined only two synonymous SNPs in Kdm3a. The silent synonymous SNP in exon 15 of Kdm3a caused problems with quantitative PCR detection in the susceptible strain through reduced amplification efficiency due to altered secondary cDNA structure. Shape Probability Shift analysis predicted that the SNP often affects RNA folding; thus, it may impact protein translation. Despite these differences in rats, genetic knockout of Kdm3a in mice resulted in no dramatic effect on immune system development and activation or EAE susceptibility and severity. These results provide support for tools that analyze causative SNPs that impact nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gillett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Bergman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roham Parsa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bremges
- Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Giegerich
- Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Sorce S, Krause KH, Jaquet V. Targeting NOX enzymes in the central nervous system: therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2387-407. [PMID: 22643836 PMCID: PMC11114708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the pathogenic mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) diseases, oxidative stress is almost invariably described. For this reason, numerous attempts have been made to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the administration of antioxidants as potential therapies for CNS disorders. However, such treatments have always failed in clinical trials. Targeting specific sources of reactive oxygen species in the CNS (e.g. NOX enzymes) represents an alternative promising option. Indeed, NOX enzymes are major generators of ROS, which regulate progression of CNS disorders as diverse as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and stroke. On the other hand, in autoimmune demyelinating diseases, ROS generated by NOX enzymes are protective, presumably by dampening the specific immune response. In this review, we discuss the possibility of developing therapeutics targeting NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes for the treatment of different CNS pathologies. Specific compounds able to modulate the activation of NOX enzymes, and the consequent production of ROS, could fill the need for disease-modifying drugs for many incurable CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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11
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Mossberg N, Andersen O, Nordin M, Nilsson S, Svedhem A, Bergström T, Hellstrand K, Movitz C. Leukocyte oxygen radical production determines disease severity in the recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:40. [PMID: 20691112 PMCID: PMC2924308 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome (RGBS) is characterized by at least two GBS episodes with intervening remission. In a previous study of monophasic GBS, we reported that the magnitude of oxygen radical production ("respiratory burst") in peripheral blood leukocytes was inversely correlated to disease severity. The present study sought to establish a similar correlation in patients with RGBS. METHODS Oxygen radical production in leukocytes was induced by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF), Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-Met-NH2 (WKYMVM), or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and assessed by quantifying superoxide anion formed by the leukocyte NADPH oxidase. RESULTS Disease severity, assessed using the MRC score, was negatively correlated to superoxide anion production triggered by fMLF or WKYMVM (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively; n = 10). Superoxide anion production also was significantly lower in RGBS patients with incomplete recovery after stimulation with fMLF (p = 0.004) or WKYMVM (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION We conclude that a lower respiratory burst in leukocytes is strongly associated with a severe course of RGBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mossberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Shao H, Sinasac DS, Burrage LC, Hodges CA, Supelak PJ, Palmert MR, Moreno C, Cowley AW, Jacob HJ, Nadeau JH. Analyzing complex traits with congenic strains. Mamm Genome 2010; 21:276-86. [PMID: 20524000 PMCID: PMC3805105 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenic strains continue to be a fundamental resource for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits. Traditionally, genetic variants (QTLs) that account for phenotypic variation in a panel of congenic strains are sought first by comparing phenotypes for each strain to the host (reference) strain, and then by examining the results to identify a common chromosome segment that provides the best match between genotype and phenotype across the panel. However, this "common-segment" method has significant limitations, including the subjective nature of the genetic model and an inability to deal formally with strain phenotypes that do not fit the model. We propose an alternative that we call "sequential" analysis and that is based on a unique principle of QTL analysis where each strain, corresponding to a single genotype, is tested individually for QTL effects rather than testing the congenic panel collectively for common effects across heterogeneous backgrounds. A minimum spanning tree, based on principles of graph theory, is used to determine the optimal sequence of strain comparisons. For two traits in two panels of congenic strains in mice, we compared results for the sequential method with the common-segment method as well as with two standard methods of QTL analysis, namely, interval mapping and multiple linear regression. The general utility of the sequential method was demonstrated with analysis of five additional traits in congenic panels from mice and rats. Sequential analysis rigorously resolved phenotypic heterogeneity among strains in the congenic panels and found QTLs that other methods failed to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shao
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David S. Sinasac
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig A. Hodges
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela J. Supelak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark R. Palmert
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carol Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Allen W. Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Howard J. Jacob
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joseph H. Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Gillett A, Marta M, Jin T, Tuncel J, Leclerc P, Nohra R, Lange S, Holmdahl R, Olsson T, Harris RA, Jagodic M. TNF production in macrophages is genetically determined and regulates inflammatory disease in rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:442-50. [PMID: 20505148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of TNF is an important pathophysiological phenotype for many diseases. Recently, certain genetically regulated loci have been identified to regulate several inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that a region on rat chromosome 4 known to regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, experimental arthritis and experimental autoimmune neuritis harbors a gene regulating central inflammatory molecules, such as TNF. We therefore mapped TNF production using linkage analysis in the 12th generation of an advanced intercross line between DA and PVG.AV1 rats, which differ in susceptibility to several inflammatory conditions. A single TNF-regulating quantitative trait locus with a logarithm of odds score of 6.2 was identified and its biological effect was confirmed in a congenic rat strain. The profound TNF regulation mapped in congenic strains to the macrophage population. Several TLR signaling cascades led to the same reduced proinflammatory phenotype in congenic macrophages, indicating control of a convergence point for innate inflammatory activity. The decreased TNF potential and reduced proinflammatory macrophage phenotype in congenic rats was also associated with reduced clinical severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, pristane-induced arthritis and sepsis experimental models. Determination of genes and mechanisms involved in this genetically determined TNF regulation will be valuable in understanding disease pathogenesis and aid treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gillett
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Hagenow K, Gelderman KA, Hultqvist M, Merky P, Bäcklund J, Frey O, Kamradt T, Holmdahl R. Ncf1-associated reduced oxidative burst promotes IL-33R+ T cell-mediated adjuvant-free arthritis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:874-81. [PMID: 19553535 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in the immune defense against invading pathogens, but they are also key molecules in the regulation of inflammatory reactions. Low levels of ROS production due to a polymorphism in the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1) gene are associated with autoimmunity and arthritis severity in mouse models induced with adjuvant. We established an adjuvant-free arthritis model in which disease is induced by injection of the autoantigen collagen type II (CII) and depends on IL-5-producing T cells and eosinophils. In addition, the transgenic expression of mutated mouse CII allowed us to investigate an autoreactive immune response to an autologous Ag and by that natural tolerance mechanism. We show that a deficient ROS production, due to a spontaneous mutation in Ncf1, leads to increased autoantibody production and expansion of IL-33R-expressing T cells, impaired T cell tolerance toward tissue-specific CII, and severe arthritis in this unique model without disturbing adjuvant effects. These results demonstrate that the insufficient production of ROS promotes the breakdown of immune tolerance and development of autoimmune and adjuvant-free arthritis through an IL-5- and IL33R-dependent T cell activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hagenow
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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