1
|
Huang F, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Wang J. NrCAM activates the NF-κB signalling pathway by competitively binding to SUMO-1 and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in Graves' disease. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13401. [PMID: 39155774 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) by regulating Th17 cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD). Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of GD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. During the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells, NrCAM level in GD group was improved. Interference with NrCAM in CD4+ T cells of GD patients decreased the percentage of Th17 cells. NrCAM overexpression in CD4+ T cells of HC subjects increased the percentage of Th17 cells and upregulated p-IκBα, p50, p65, c-Rel protein expressions, and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 partially reversed NrCAM effect. NrCAM overexpression promoted the degradation of IκBα, and overexpression of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO-1) inhibited IκBα degradation. NrCAM overexpression reduced IκBα binding to SUMO-1. During Th17 cell differentiation in HC group, NrCAM overexpression increased IL-21 levels and secretion, and IL-21 neutralizing antibody reversed this effect. IL-21 level was decreased after p65 interference in CD4+ T cells of HC subjects. p65 interacts with IL-21 promoter region. In conclusion, NrCAM binds to SUMO-1 and increases phosphorylation of IκBα, leading to activation of NF-κB pathway, which promotes Th17 cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuiying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gross S, Womer L, Kappes DJ, Soboloff J. Multifaceted control of T cell differentiation by STIM1. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:1083-1097. [PMID: 37696713 PMCID: PMC10787584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In T cells, stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai are dispensable for conventional T cell development, but critical for activation and differentiation. This review focuses on novel STIM-dependent mechanisms for control of Ca2+ signals during T cell activation and its impact on mitochondrial function and transcriptional activation for control of T cell differentiation and function. We highlight areas that require further work including the roles of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) and partner of STIM1 (POST) in controlling Orai function. A major knowledge gap also exists regarding the independence of T cell development from STIM and Orai, despite compelling evidence that it requires Ca2+ signals. Resolving these and other outstanding questions ensures that the field will remain active for many years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Lauren Womer
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grams KJ, Neumueller SE, Mouradian GC, Burgraff NJ, Hodges MR, Pan L, Forster HV. Mild and moderate chronic hypercapnia elicit distinct transcriptomic responses of immune function in cardiorespiratory nuclei. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:487-503. [PMID: 37602394 PMCID: PMC11178267 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypercapnia (CH) is a hallmark of respiratory-related diseases, and the level of hypercapnia can acutely or progressively become more severe. Previously, we have shown time-dependent adaptations in steady-state physiology during mild (arterial Pco2 ∼55 mmHg) and moderate (∼60 mmHg) CH in adult goats, including transient (mild CH) or sustained (moderate CH) suppression of acute chemosensitivity suggesting limitations in adaptive respiratory control mechanisms as the level of CH increases. Changes in specific markers of glutamate receptor plasticity, interleukin-1ß, and serotonergic modulation within key nodes of cardiorespiratory control do not fully account for the physiological adaptations to CH. Here, we used an unbiased approach (bulk tissue RNA sequencing) to test the hypothesis that mild or moderate CH elicits distinct gene expression profiles in important brain stem regions of cardiorespiratory control, which may explain the contrasting responses to CH. Gene expression profiles from the brain regions validated the accuracy of tissue biopsy methodology. Differential gene expression analyses revealed greater effects of CH on brain stem sites compared with the medial prefrontal cortex. Mild CH elicited an upregulation of predominantly immune-related genes and predicted activation of immune-related pathways and functions. In contrast, moderate CH broadly led to downregulation of genes and predicted inactivation of cellular pathways related to the immune response and vascular function. These data suggest that mild CH leads to a steady-state activation of neuroinflammatory pathways within the brain stem, whereas moderate CH drives the opposite response. Transcriptional shifts in immune-related functions may underlie the cardiorespiratory network's capability to respond to acute, more severe hypercapnia when in a state of progressively increased CH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mild chronic hypercapnia (CH) broadly upregulated immune-related genes and a predicted activation of biological pathways related to immune cell activity and the overall immune response. In contrast, moderate CH primarily downregulated genes related to major histocompatibility complex signaling and vasculature function that led to a predicted inactivation of pathways involving the immune response and vascular endothelial function. The severity-dependent effect on immune responses suggests that neuroinflammation has an important role in CH and may be important in the maintenance of proper ventilatory responses to acute and chronic hypercapnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn J Grams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Suzanne E Neumueller
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gary C Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nicholas J Burgraff
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lawrence Pan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Hubert V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YW, Fu SH, Chien MW, Hsu CY, Lin MH, Dong JL, Lu RJH, Lee YJ, Chen PY, Wang CH, Sytwu HK. Blimp-1 moulds the epigenetic architecture of IL-21-mediated autoimmune diseases through an autoregulatory circuit. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151614. [PMID: 35503415 PMCID: PMC9220827 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive regulatory domain 1 (PRDM1) encodes B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1), also known as a master regulator of T cell homeostasis. We observed a negative relationship between Blimp-1 and IL-21 based on our previous data that Blimp-1 overexpression in T cells suppresses autoimmune diabetes while Blimp-1–deficient T cells contribute to colitis in NOD mice. Reanalysis of published data sets also revealed an inverse correlation between PRDM1 and IL21 in Crohn’s disease. Here, we illustrate that Blimp-1 repressed IL-21 by reducing chromatin accessibility and evicting an IL-21 activator, c-Maf, from the Il21 promoter. Moreover, Blimp-1 overexpression–mediated reduction in permissive chromatin structures at the Il21 promoter could override IL-21–accelerated autoimmune diabetogenesis in small ubiquitin-like modifier–defective c-Maf–transgenic mice. An autoregulatory feedback loop to harness IL-21 expression was unveiled by the evidence that IL-21 addition induced time-dependent Blimp-1 expression and subsequently enriched its binding to the Il21 promoter to suppress IL-21 overproduction. Furthermore, intervention of this feedback loop by IL-21 blockade, with IL-21R.Fc administration or IL-21 receptor deletion, attenuated Blimp-1 deficiency–mediated colitis and reinforced the circuit between Blimp-1 and IL-21 in the regulation of autoimmunity. We highlight the translation of Blimp-1–based epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles applicable to a personalized medicine approach in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cushing syndrome and glucocorticoids: T-cell lymphopenia, apoptosis, and rescue by IL-21. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:302-314. [PMID: 34089750 PMCID: PMC8636539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric endogenous Cushing syndrome (eCs) is mainly caused by pituitary corticotropin-producing adenomas, and most glucocorticoid-dependent effects progressively regress upon tumor removal. eCs reproduces long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, representing a clean, natural, and unbiased model in which to study glucocorticoid bona fide effects on immunity. OBJECTIVE We performed extensive immunologic studies in otherwise healthy pediatric patients with eCs before and 6 to 13 months after tumor resection, as well as in in vitro glucocorticoid-treated control cells. METHODS Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative PCR, and RNA-Seq techniques were used to characterize patients' and in vitro glucocorticoid treated cells. RESULTS Reduced thymic output, decreased naive T cells, diminished proliferation, and increased T-cell apoptosis were detected before surgery; all these defects eventually normalized after tumor removal in patients. In vitro studies also showed increased T-cell apoptosis, with correspondingly diminished NF-κB signaling and IL-21 levels. In this setting, IL-21 addition upregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 expression and rescued T-cell apoptosis in a PI3K pathway-dependent manner. Similar and reproducible findings were confirmed in eCs patient cells as well. CONCLUSIONS We identified decreased thymic output and lymphocyte proliferation, together with increased apoptosis, as the underlying causes to T-cell lymphopenia in eCs patients. IL-21 was decreased in both natural and in vitro long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid environments, and in vitro addition of IL-21 counteracted the proapoptotic effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, our results suggest that administration of IL-21 in patients receiving long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy may contribute to ameliorate lymphopenia and the complications associated to it.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:618-653. [PMID: 34977871 PMCID: PMC8706767 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of κ-light chain of enhancer-activated B cells (NF-κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF-κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF-κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF-κB activity and key components of the NF-κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF-κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases. These studies make the NF-κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF-κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF-κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF-κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF-κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chao Ma
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science CenterHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Cancer Center and Center for Immunology and HematologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lévy R, Langlais D, Béziat V, Rapaport F, Rao G, Lazarov T, Bourgey M, Zhou YJ, Briand C, Moriya K, Ailal F, Avery DT, Markle J, Lim AI, Ogishi M, Yang R, Pelham S, Emam M, Migaud M, Deswarte C, Habib T, Saraiva LR, Moussa EA, Guennoun A, Boisson B, Belkaya S, Martinez-Barricarte R, Rosain J, Belkadi A, Breton S, Payne K, Benhsaien I, Plebani A, Lougaris V, Di Santo JP, Neven B, Abel L, Ma CS, Bousfiha AA, Marr N, Bustamante J, Liu K, Gros P, Geissmann F, Tangye SG, Casanova JL, Puel A. Inherited human c-Rel deficiency disrupts myeloid and lymphoid immunity to multiple infectious agents. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:150143. [PMID: 34623332 DOI: 10.1172/jci150143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a child with severe viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases, who was homozygous for a loss-of-function mutation of REL, encoding c-Rel, which is selectively expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells. The patient had low frequencies of NK, effector memory cells reexpressing CD45RA (Temra) CD8+ T cells, memory CD4+ T cells, including Th1 and Th1*, Tregs, and memory B cells, whereas the counts and proportions of other leukocyte subsets were normal. Functional deficits of myeloid cells included the abolition of IL-12 and IL-23 production by conventional DC1s (cDC1s) and monocytes, but not cDC2s. c-Rel was also required for induction of CD86 expression on, and thus antigen-presenting cell function of, cDCs. Functional deficits of lymphoid cells included reduced IL-2 production by naive T cells, correlating with low proliferation and survival rates and poor production of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines by memory CD4+ T cells. In naive CD4+ T cells, c-Rel is dispensable for early IL2 induction but contributes to later phases of IL2 expression. The patient's naive B cells displayed impaired MYC and BCL2L1 induction, compromising B cell survival and proliferation and preventing their differentiation into Ig-secreting plasmablasts. Inherited c-Rel deficiency disrupts the development and function of multiple myeloid and lymphoid cells, compromising innate and adaptive immunity to multiple infectious agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Yu J Zhou
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Coralie Briand
- Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Janet Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simon Pelham
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mehdi Emam
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Boisson
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- Pediatric Radiology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Kathryn Payne
- Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Alessandro Plebani
- University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Bénédicte Neven
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Nico Marr
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Kang Liu
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pashangzadeh S, Motallebnezhad M, Vafashoar F, Khalvandi A, Mojtabavi N. Implications the Role of miR-155 in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669382. [PMID: 34025671 PMCID: PMC8137895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding conserved RNAs containing 19 to 24 nucleotides that are regulators of post-translational modifications and are involved in the majority of biological processes such as immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central and peripheral tolerance, and immune cell development. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by immune system dysregulation, which ultimately leads to destructive responses to self-antigens. A large body of literature suggests that autoimmune diseases and immune dysregulation are associated with different miRNA expression changes in the target cells and tissues of adaptive or innate immunity. miR-155 is identified as a critical modulator of immune responses. Recently conducted studies on the expression profile of miR-155 suggest that the altered expression and function of miR-155 can mediate vulnerability to autoimmune diseases and cause significant dysfunction of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Pashangzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vafashoar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Khalvandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang XH, Hsiang J, Rosen ST. Flavopiridol (Alvocidib), a Cyclin-dependent Kinases (CDKs) Inhibitor, Found Synergy Effects with Niclosamide in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 2021; 2:48-61. [PMID: 34223559 PMCID: PMC8248901 DOI: 10.33696/haematology.2.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Flavopiridol (FVP; Alvocidib), a CDKs inhibitor, is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of leukemia and other blood cancers. Our studies demonstrated that FVP also inhibited p38 kinases activities with IC50 (μM) for p38α: 1.34; p38 β: 1.82; p38γ: 0.65, and p38δ: 0.45. FVP showed potent cytotoxicity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) Hut78 cells, with IC50 <100 nM. NMR analysis revealed that FVP bound to p38γ in the ATP binding pocket, causing allosteric perturbation from sites surrounding the ATP binding pocket. Kinomic profiling with the PamGene platform in both cell-based and cell-free analysis further revealed dosage of FVP significantly affects downstream pathways in treated CTCL cells, which suggested a need for development of synergistic drugs with FVP to prevent its clinically adverse effects. It led us discover niclosamide as a synergistic drug of FVP for our future in vivo study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hannah Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jack Hsiang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kober-Hasslacher M, Oh-Strauß H, Kumar D, Soberon V, Diehl C, Lech M, Engleitner T, Katab E, Fernández-Sáiz V, Piontek G, Li H, Menze B, Ziegenhain C, Enard W, Rad R, Böttcher JP, Anders HJ, Rudelius M, Schmidt-Supprian M. c-Rel gain in B cells drives germinal center reactions and autoantibody production. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3270-3286. [PMID: 32191641 DOI: 10.1172/jci124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and locus amplification link the NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel to human autoimmune diseases and B cell lymphomas, respectively. However, the functional consequences of enhanced c-Rel levels remain enigmatic. Here, we overexpressed c-Rel specifically in mouse B cells from BAC-transgenic gene loci and demonstrate that c-Rel protein levels linearly dictated expansion of germinal center B (GCB) cells and isotype-switched plasma cells. c-Rel expression in B cells of otherwise c-Rel-deficient mice fully rescued terminal B cell differentiation, underscoring its critical B cell-intrinsic roles. Unexpectedly, in GCB cells transcription-independent regulation produced the highest c-Rel protein levels among B cell subsets. In c-Rel-overexpressing GCB cells this caused enhanced nuclear translocation, a profoundly altered transcriptional program, and increased proliferation. Finally, we provide a link between c-Rel gain and autoimmunity by showing that c-Rel overexpression in B cells caused autoantibody production and renal immune complex deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kober-Hasslacher
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hyunju Oh-Strauß
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valeria Soberon
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Eslam Katab
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Sáiz
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongwei Li
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Menze
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The many-sided contributions of NF-κB to T-cell biology in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:245-300. [PMID: 34074496 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells (or T lymphocytes) exhibit a myriad of functions in immune responses, ranging from pathogen clearance to autoimmunity, cancer and even non-lymphoid tissue homeostasis. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms orchestrating their specification, function and gene expression pattern is critical not only for our comprehension of fundamental biology, but also for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Among the master regulators of T-cell identity, the functions of the NF-κB family of transcription factors have been under scrutiny for several decades. However, a more precise understanding of their pleiotropic functions is only just emerging. In this review we will provide a global overview of the roles of NF-κB in the different flavors of mature T cells. We aim at highlighting the complex and sometimes diverging roles of the five NF-κB subunits in health and disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Barbry H, Capitao M, Barrin S, Amziani S, Pierre Paul P, Borreill S, Guilbert T, Donnadieu E, Niedergang F, Ouaaz F. Extracellular Release of Antigen by Dendritic Cell Regurgitation Promotes B Cell Activation through NF-κB/cRel. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:608-618. [PMID: 32580933 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs, which sample Ags in the periphery and migrate to the lymph node where they activate T cells. DCs can also present native Ag to B cells through interactions observed both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of Ag transfer and B cell activation by DCs remain incompletely understood. In this study, we report that murine DCs are an important cell transporter of Ag from the periphery to the lymph node B cell zone and also potent inducers of B cell activation both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, we highlight a novel extracellular mechanism of B cell activation by DCs. In this study, we demonstrate that Ag released upon DC regurgitation is sufficient to efficiently induce early B cell activation, which is BCR driven and mechanistically dependent on the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NF-κB/cRel. Thus, our study provides new mechanistic insights into Ag delivery and B cell activation modalities by DCs and a promising approach for targeting NF-κB/cRel pathway to modulate the DC-elicited B cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam El-Barbry
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marisa Capitao
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Barrin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Samir Amziani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Pierre Paul
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Susanna Borreill
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fatah Ouaaz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR 8104, F-75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role of different Th17 and Treg downstream signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104485. [PMID: 32574668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a condition of bone disorder caused predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus. Following the bacterial entry activated immune cells specially macrophages and dendritic cells release pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β etc., which not only create an inflammatory microenvironment but also play crucial roles in the proliferation of different CD+ T cell subsets. Among them, Th17 and Tregs are of major concern in recent times because of their potential roles in regulating the ongoing inflammation in many diseases including experimental arthritis. But the downstream signalling mechanism of these cells in regulating the severity of inflammation in case of septic arthritis is not known yet. So, here we have established a murine model of S. aureus induced septic arthritis and kept the animal upto 15 days post-infection. To examine the signalling mechanism, Th17 and Treg cells were isolated from blood, spleen and synovial joints of control and infected mice and observed the expression of JNK, NFκB and RANKL in the lysate of isolated Th17 and Tregs. We have also estimated the levels of serum IL-21 and TGF-β. NFκB, JNK and RANKL expression was found to be higher at 3 and 15 days post-infection along with serum IL-21 levels. On the other hand, maximum TGF-β level was observed at 9 days post-infection along with increased Treg population. In conclusion it was hypothesized that bone resorption is related with downstream signalling pathways of Th17 cells, which stimulate osteoclast generation via NFκB/JNK-RANKL axis and helps in the persistence of the disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
de Jesús TJ, Ramakrishnan P. NF-κB c-Rel Dictates the Inflammatory Threshold by Acting as a Transcriptional Repressor. iScience 2020; 23:100876. [PMID: 32062419 PMCID: PMC7031323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB/Rel family of transcription factors plays a central role in initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. Here, we identified a function of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel as a transcriptional repressor of inflammatory genes. Genetic deletion of c-Rel substantially potentiates the expression of several TNF-α-induced RelA-dependent mediators of inflammation. v-Rel, the viral homologue of c-Rel, but not RelB, also possesses this repressive function. Mechanistically, we found that c-Rel selectively binds to the co-repressor HDAC1 and competitively binds to the DNA mediating HDAC1 recruitment to the promoters of inflammatory genes. A specific point mutation at tyrosine25 in c-Rel's DNA-binding domain, for which a missense single nucleotide variation (Y25H) exists in humans, completely abrogated its ability to bind DNA and repress TNF-α-induced, RelA-mediated transcription. Our findings reveal that the transactivator NF-κB subunit c-Rel also plays a role as a transcriptional repressor in the maintenance of inflammatory homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan James de Jesús
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Farabaugh KT, Krokowski D, Guan BJ, Gao Z, Gao XH, Wu J, Jobava R, Ray G, de Jesus TJ, Bianchi MG, Chukwurah E, Bussolati O, Kilberg M, Buchner DA, Sen GC, Cotton C, McDonald C, Longworth M, Ramakrishnan P, Hatzoglou M. PACT-mediated PKR activation acts as a hyperosmotic stress intensity sensor weakening osmoadaptation and enhancing inflammation. eLife 2020; 9:e52241. [PMID: 32175843 PMCID: PMC7145421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of cells to adapt to increased environmental tonicity can lead to inflammatory gene expression and pathogenesis. The Rel family of transcription factors TonEBP and NF-κB p65 play critical roles in the switch from osmoadaptive homeostasis to inflammation, respectively. Here we identified PACT-mediated PKR kinase activation as a marker of the termination of adaptation and initiation of inflammation in Mus musculus embryonic fibroblasts. We found that high stress-induced PACT-PKR activation inhibits the interaction between NF-κB c-Rel and TonEBP essential for the increased expression of TonEBP-dependent osmoprotective genes. This resulted in enhanced formation of TonEBP/NF-κB p65 complexes and enhanced proinflammatory gene expression. These data demonstrate a novel role of c-Rel in the adaptive response to hyperosmotic stress, which is inhibited via a PACT/PKR-dependent dimer redistribution of the Rel family transcription factors. Our results suggest that inhibiting PACT-PKR signaling may prove a novel target for alleviating stress-induced inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Farabaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Dawid Krokowski
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska UniversityLublinPoland
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Zhaofeng Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Raul Jobava
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Greeshma Ray
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Tristan J de Jesus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Evelyn Chukwurah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Michael Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Calvin Cotton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | - Michelle Longworth
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu CJ, Cho S, Huang HY, Lu CH, Russ J, Cruz LO, da Cunha FF, Chen MC, Lin LL, Warner LM, Liao HK, Utzschneider DT, Quon S, Berner J, Camara NOS, Zehn D, Belmonte JCI, Chen LC, Huang SF, Kuo ML, Lu LF. MiR-23~27~24-mediated control of humoral immunity reveals a TOX-driven regulatory circuit in follicular helper T cell differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw1715. [PMID: 31844658 PMCID: PMC6905868 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are essential for generating protective humoral immunity. To date, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in regulating TFH cell biology. Here, we show that loss of miR-23~27~24 clusters in T cells resulted in elevated TFH cell frequencies upon different immune challenges, whereas overexpression of this miRNA family led to reduced TFH cell responses. Mechanistically, miR-23~27~24 clusters coordinately control TFH cells through targeting a network of genes that are crucial for TFH cell biology. Among them, thymocyte selection-associated HMG-box protein (TOX) was identified as a central transcription regulator in TFH cell development. TOX is highly up-regulated in both mouse and human TFH cells in a BCL6-dependent manner. In turn, TOX promotes the expression of multiple molecules that play critical roles in TFH cell differentiation and function. Collectively, our results establish a key miRNA regulon that maintains optimal TFH cell responses for resultant humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jang Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Life and Health Sciences and Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jasmin Russ
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leilani O. Cruz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mei-Chi Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ling-Li Lin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Warner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe 30107, Spain
| | - Daniel T. Utzschneider
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Berner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Department of Public Health, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transient Expression of Interleukin-21 in the Second Hit of Acute Pancreatitis May Potentiate Immune Paresis in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2019; 48:107-112. [PMID: 30451792 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine associated with tissue inflammation, autoimmune and infectious diseases. Organ dysfunction and death can occur in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in two distinct clinical phases. Initially, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome may be followed by systemic sepsis from infected pancreatic necrosis, known as the "second hit." The expression and possible role of IL-21 in AP has not been established. METHODS Thirty-six patients with mild, moderate, and severe AP (SAP) were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples of patients were drawn on days 7, 9, 11, and 13. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to determine the expression and concentration of IL-21. RESULTS Interleukin-21 mRNA levels increased significantly at day 9 in severe (P = 0.002) pancreatitis compared with both the mild and control patient groups. At the protein level, IL-21 was elevated in SAP patients compared with those with mild pancreatitis, although this was not significant. Furthermore, day 9 IL-21 was elevated in septic SAP patients and patients with pancreatic necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-21 is transiently elevated in SAP compared with the mild/moderate group, and hence IL-21 may contribute to the immune imbalance that occurs in AP.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pedros C, Altman A, Kong KF. Role of TRAFs in Signaling Pathways Controlling T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation and T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2412. [PMID: 30405612 PMCID: PMC6204373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells represent a highly specialized CD4+ T cell subpopulation that supports the generation of germinal centers (GC) and provides B cells with critical signals promoting antibody class switching, generation of high affinity antibodies, and memory formation. TFH cells are characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5, the transcription factor Bcl-6, costimulatory molecules ICOS, and PD-1, and the production of cytokine IL-21. The acquisition of a TFH phenotype is a complex and multistep process that involves signals received through engagement of the TCR along with a multitude of costimulatory molecules and cytokines receptors. Members of the Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factors (TRAF) represent one of the major classes of signaling mediators involved in the differentiation and functions of TFH cells. TRAF molecules are the canonical adaptor molecules that physically interact with members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) and actively modulate their downstream signaling cascades through their adaptor function and/or E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. OX-40, GITR, and 4-1BB are the TRAF-dependent TNFRSF members that have been implicated in the differentiation and functions of TFH cells. On the other hand, emerging data demonstrate that TRAF proteins also participate in signaling from the TCR and CD28, which deliver critical signals leading to the differentiation of TFH cells. More intriguingly, we recently showed that the cytoplasmic tail of ICOS contains a conserved TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-binding motif that is shared with TBK1-binding TRAF proteins. The presence of this TRAF-mimicking signaling module downstream of ICOS is required to mediate the maturation step during TFH differentiation. In addition, JAK-STAT pathways emanating from IL-2, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-27 cytokine receptors affect TFH development, and crosstalk between TRAF-mediated pathways and the JAK-STAT pathways can contribute to generate integrated signals required to drive and sustain TFH differentiation. In this review, we will introduce the molecular interactions and the major signaling pathways controlling the differentiation of TFH cells. In each case, we will highlight the contributions of TRAF proteins to these signaling pathways. Finally, we will discuss the role of individual TRAF proteins in the regulation of T cell-dependent humoral responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pedros
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amnon Altman
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kok-Fai Kong
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petersone L, Edner NM, Ovcinnikovs V, Heuts F, Ross EM, Ntavli E, Wang CJ, Walker LSK. T Cell/B Cell Collaboration and Autoimmunity: An Intimate Relationship. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1941. [PMID: 30210496 PMCID: PMC6119692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-ordinated interaction between distinct cell types is a hallmark of successful immune function. A striking example of this is the carefully orchestrated cooperation between helper T cells and B cells that occurs during the initiation and fine-tuning of T-cell dependent antibody responses. While these processes have evolved to permit rapid immune defense against infection, it is becoming increasingly clear that such interactions can also underpin the development of autoimmunity. Here we discuss a selection of cellular and molecular pathways that mediate T cell/B cell collaboration and highlight how in vivo models and genome wide association studies link them with autoimmune disease. In particular, we emphasize how CTLA-4-mediated regulation of CD28 signaling controls the engagement of secondary costimulatory pathways such as ICOS and OX40, and profoundly influences the capacity of T cells to provide B cell help. While our molecular understanding of the co-operation between T cells and B cells derives from analysis of secondary lymphoid tissues, emerging evidence suggests that subtly different rules may govern the interaction of T and B cells at ectopic sites during autoimmune inflammation. Accordingly, the phenotype of the T cells providing help at these sites includes notable distinctions, despite sharing core features with T cells imparting help in secondary lymphoid tissues. Finally, we highlight the interdependence of T cell and B cell responses and suggest that a significant beneficial impact of B cell depletion in autoimmune settings may be its detrimental effect on T cells engaged in molecular conversation with B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucy S. K. Walker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Whitley SK, Balasubramani A, Zindl CL, Sen R, Shibata Y, Crawford GE, Weathington NM, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. IL-1R signaling promotes STAT3 and NF-κB factor recruitment to distal cis-regulatory elements that regulate Il17a/f transcription. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15790-15800. [PMID: 30093408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β plays a critical role in IL-6β- and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-initiated Th17 differentiation and induction of Th17-mediated autoimmunity. However, the means by which IL-1 regulates various aspects of Th17 development remain poorly understood. We recently reported that IL-1β enhances STAT3 phosphorylation via NF-κB-mediated repression of SOCS3 to facilitate Il17 transcription and Th17 differentiation, identifying an effect of IL-1 signaling on proximal events of STAT3 signaling. Here, we show that IL-1β promotes STAT3 binding to key cis-elements that control IL-17 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that the IL-1-induced NF-κB factor RelA directly regulates the Il17a/f loci in cooperation with STAT3. Our findings reveal that IL-1 impacts both proximal signaling events and downstream interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements to promote Il17a/f transcription and Th17 differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlene L Zindl
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ranjan Sen
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yoichiro Shibata
- the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, and
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, and
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- the Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Casey T Weaver
- From the Departments of Microbiology and.,Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
STIM- and Orai-mediated calcium entry controls NF-κB activity and function in lymphocytes. Cell Calcium 2018; 74:131-143. [PMID: 30048879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The central role of Ca2+ signaling in the development of functional immunity and tolerance is well established. These signals are initiated by antigen binding to cognate receptors on lymphocytes that trigger store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The underlying mechanism of SOCE in lymphocytes involves TCR and BCR mediated activation of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 and 2 (STIM1/2) molecules embedded in the ER membrane leading to their activation of Orai channels in the plasma membrane. STIM/Orai dependent Ca2+ signals guide key antigen induced lymphocyte development and function principally through direct regulation of Ca2+ dependent transcription factors. The role of Ca2+ signaling in NFAT activation and signaling is well known and has been studied extensively, but a wide appreciation and mechanistic understanding of how Ca2+ signals also shape the activation and specificity of NF-κB dependent gene expression has lagged. Here we discuss and interpret what is known about Ca2+ dependent mechanisms of NF-kB activation, including what is known and the gaps in our understanding of how these signals control lymphocyte development and function.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses. NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines and chemokines, and also participates in inflammasome regulation. In addition, NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival, activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells. Consequently, deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Liu WH, Kang SG, Huang Z, Wu CJ, Jin HY, Maine CJ, Liu Y, Shepherd J, Sabouri-Ghomi M, Gonzalez-Martin A, Xu S, Hoffmann A, Zheng Y, Lu LF, Xiao N, Fu G, Xiao C. A miR-155-Peli1-c-Rel pathway controls the generation and function of T follicular helper cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1901-19. [PMID: 27481129 PMCID: PMC4995083 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) deficiency impairs the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, but the contribution of individual miRNAs to this phenotype remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed deep sequencing analysis of miRNAs expressed in Tfh cells and identified a five-miRNA signature. Analyses of mutant mice deficient of these miRNAs revealed that miR-22 and miR-183/96/182 are dispensable, but miR-155 is essential for the generation and function of Tfh cells. miR-155 deficiency led to decreased proliferation specifically at the late stage of Tfh cell differentiation and reduced CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. Mechanistically, miR-155 repressed the expression of Peli1, a ubiquitin ligase that promotes the degradation of the NF-κB family transcription factor c-Rel, which controls cellular proliferation and CD40L expression. Therefore, our study identifies a novel miR-155-Peli1-c-Rel pathway that specifically regulates Tfh cell generation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Division of Biomedical Convergence/Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cheng-Jang Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Christian J Maine
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jovan Shepherd
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Mohsen Sabouri-Ghomi
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alicia Gonzalez-Martin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology/Kresge Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ye Zheng
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ramakrishnan P, Yui MA, Tomalka JA, Majumdar D, Parameswaran R, Baltimore D. Deficiency of Nuclear Factor-κB c-Rel Accelerates the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:2367-79. [PMID: 27217485 PMCID: PMC4955991 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB protein c-Rel plays a critical role in controlling autoimmunity. c-Rel-deficient mice are resistant to streptozotocin-induced diabetes, a drug-induced model of autoimmune diabetes. We generated c-Rel-deficient NOD mice to examine the role of c-Rel in the development of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. We found that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from c-Rel-deficient NOD mice showed significantly decreased T-cell receptor-induced IL-2, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF expression. Despite compromised T-cell function, c-Rel deficiency dramatically accelerated insulitis and hyperglycemia in NOD mice along with a substantial reduction in T-regulatory (Treg) cell numbers. Supplementation of isogenic c-Rel-competent Treg cells from prediabetic NOD mice reversed the accelerated diabetes development in c-Rel-deficient NOD mice. The results suggest that c-Rel-dependent Treg cell function is critical in suppressing early-onset autoimmune diabetogenesis in NOD mice. This study provides a novel natural system to study autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis and reveals a previously unknown c-Rel-dependent mechanistic difference between chemically induced and spontaneous diabetogenesis. The study also reveals a unique protective role of c-Rel in autoimmune diabetes, which is distinct from other T-cell-dependent autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, where c-Rel promotes autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mary A Yui
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jeffrey A Tomalka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Devdoot Majumdar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - Reshmi Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li L, Xu-Monette ZY, Ok CY, Tzankov A, Manyam GC, Sun R, Visco C, Zhang M, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkaer K, Chiu A, Orazi A, Zu Y, Bhagat G, Richards KL, Hsi ED, Choi WWL, van Krieken JH, Huh J, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Møller MB, Wang J, Parsons BM, Winter JN, Piris MA, Pham LV, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Prognostic impact of c-Rel nuclear expression and REL amplification and crosstalk between c-Rel and the p53 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23157-80. [PMID: 26324762 PMCID: PMC4695110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated NF-κB signaling is critical for lymphomagenesis. The regulation, function, and clinical relevance of c-Rel/NF-κB activation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have not been well studied. In this study we analyzed the prognostic significance and gene-expression signature of c-Rel nuclear expression as surrogate of c-Rel activation in 460 patients with de novo DLBCL. Nuclear c-Rel expression, observed in 137 (26.3%) DLBCL patients frequently associated with extranoal origin, did not show significantly prognostic impact in the overall- or germinal center B-like-DLBCL cohort, likely due to decreased pAKT and Myc levels, up-regulation of FOXP3, FOXO3, MEG3 and other tumor suppressors coincided with c-Rel nuclear expression, as well as the complicated relationships between NF-κB members and their overlapping function. However, c-Rel nuclear expression correlated with significantly poorer survival in p63+ and BCL-2− activated B-cell-like-DLBCL, and in DLBCL patients with TP53 mutations. Multivariate analysis indicated that after adjusting clinical parameters, c-Rel positivity was a significantly adverse prognostic factor in DLBCL patients with wild type TP53. Gene expression profiling suggested dysregulations of cell cycle, metabolism, adhesion, and migration associated with c-Rel activation. In contrast, REL amplification did not correlate with c-Rel nuclear expression and patient survival, likely due to co-amplification of genes that negatively regulate NF-κB activation. These insights into the expression, prognostic impact, regulation and function of c-Rel as well as its crosstalk with the p53 pathway underscore the importance of c-Rel and have significant therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated University Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated University Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - April Chiu
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy L Richards
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - William W L Choi
- University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jooryung Huh
- Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane N Winter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park JH, Choi Y, Song MJ, Park K, Lee JJ, Kim HP. Dynamic Long-Range Chromatin Interaction Controls Expression of IL-21 in CD4+ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4378-89. [PMID: 27067007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
IL-21, a pleiotropic cytokine strongly linked with autoimmunity and inflammation, regulates diverse immune responses. IL-21 can be potently induced in CD4(+) T cells by IL-6; however, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene at the chromatin level. In this study, we demonstrated that a conserved noncoding sequence located 49 kb upstream of the Il21 gene contains an enhancer element that can upregulate Il21 gene expression in a STAT3- and NFAT-dependent manner. Additionally, we identified enhancer-blocking insulator elements in the Il21 locus, which constitutively bind CTCF and cohesin. In naive CD4(+) T cells, these upstream and downstream CTCF binding sites interact with each other to make a DNA loop; however, the Il21 promoter does not interact with any cis-elements in the Il21 locus. In contrast, stimulation of CD4(+) T cells with IL-6 leads to recruitment of STAT3 to the promoter and novel distal enhancer region. This induces dynamic changes in chromatin configuration, bringing the promoter and the regulatory elements in close spatial proximity. The long-range interaction between the promoter and distal enhancer region was dependent on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway but was disrupted in regulatory T cells, where IL-21 expression was repressed. Thus, our work uncovers a novel topological chromatin framework underlying proper transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hong Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Yeeun Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Song
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Keunhee Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Jong-Joo Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Toubiana J, Courtine E, Tores F, Asfar P, Daubin C, Rousseau C, Ouaaz F, Marin N, Cariou A, Chiche JD, Mira JP. Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock. Ann Intensive Care 2016; 6:28. [PMID: 27059500 PMCID: PMC4826362 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-016-0130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background cRel, a subunit of NF-κB, is implicated in the inflammatory response observed in autoimmune disease. Hence, knocked-out mice for cRel had a significantly higher mortality, providing new and important functions of cRel in the physiopathology of septic shock. Whether genetic variants in the human REL gene are associated with severity of septic shock is unknown. Methods We genotyped a population of 1040 ICU patients with septic shock and 855 ICU controls for two known polymorphisms of REL; REL rs842647 and REL rs13031237. Outcome of patients according to the presence of REL variant alleles was compared. Results The distribution of REL variant alleles was not significantly different between patients and controls. Among the septic shock group, REL rs13031237*T minor allele was not associated with worse outcome. In contrast, REL rs842647*G minor allele was significantly associated with more multi-organ failure and early death [OR 1.4; 95 % CI (1.02–1.8)]. Conclusion In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toubiana
- Medical School, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France. .,Department of Pediatric and Infectious Diseases, Necker University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Emilie Courtine
- Medical School, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Tores
- Bioinformatics Platform, Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes University- Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Asfar
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Cédric Daubin
- Medical Intensive Care, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | | | - Fatah Ouaaz
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Marin
- Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical School, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Chiche
- Medical School, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Mira
- Medical School, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination regulates pattern-recognition receptor signaling that mediates both innate immune responses and dendritic cell maturation required for initiation of adaptive immune responses. Ubiquitination also regulates the development, activation, and differentiation of T cells, thereby maintaining efficient adaptive immune responses to pathogens and immunological tolerance to self-tissues. Like phosphorylation, ubiquitination is a reversible reaction tightly controlled by the opposing actions of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Deregulated ubiquitination events are associated with immunological disorders, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Unit 902, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mastelic Gavillet B, Eberhardt CS, Auderset F, Castellino F, Seubert A, Tregoning JS, Lambert PH, de Gregorio E, Del Giudice G, Siegrist CA. MF59 Mediates Its B Cell Adjuvanticity by Promoting T Follicular Helper Cells and Thus Germinal Center Responses in Adult and Early Life. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4836-45. [PMID: 25870238 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The early life influenza disease burden calls for more effective vaccines to protect this vulnerable population. Influenza vaccines including the MF59 oil-in-water adjuvant induce higher, broader, and more persistent Ab responses in adults and particularly in young, through yet undefined mechanisms. In this study, we show that MF59 enhances adult murine IgG responses to influenza hemagglutinin (HA) by promoting a potent T follicular helper cells (TFH) response, which directly controls the magnitude of the germinal center (GC) B cell response. Remarkably, this enhancement of TFH and GC B cells is already fully functional in 3-wk-old infant mice, which were fully protected by HA/MF59 but not HA/PBS immunization against intranasal challenge with the homologous H1N1 (A/California/7/2009) strain. In 1-wk-old neonatal mice, MF59 recruits and activates APCs, efficiently induces CD4(+) effector T cells and primes for enhanced infant responses but induces few fully functional TFH cells, which are mostly follicular regulatory T cells, and poor GC and anti-HA responses. The B cell adjuvanticity of MF59 appears to be mediated by the potent induction of TFH cells which directly controls GC responses both in adult and early life, calling for studies assessing its capacity to enhance the efficacy of influenza immunization in young infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic Gavillet
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Anja Seubert
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - John S Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bornancin F, Renner F, Touil R, Sic H, Kolb Y, Touil-Allaoui I, Rush JS, Smith PA, Bigaud M, Junker-Walker U, Burkhart C, Dawson J, Niwa S, Katopodis A, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Weckbecker G, Zenke G, Kinzel B, Traggiai E, Brenner D, Brüstle A, St. Paul M, Zamurovic N, McCoy KD, Rolink A, Régnier CH, Mak TW, Ohashi PS, Patel DD, Calzascia T. Deficiency of MALT1 Paracaspase Activity Results in Unbalanced Regulatory and Effector T and B Cell Responses Leading to Multiorgan Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3723-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
32
|
Pratama A, Srivastava M, Williams NJ, Papa I, Lee SK, Dinh XT, Hutloff A, Jordan MA, Zhao JL, Casellas R, Athanasopoulos V, Vinuesa CG. MicroRNA-146a regulates ICOS-ICOSL signalling to limit accumulation of T follicular helper cells and germinal centres. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6436. [PMID: 25743066 PMCID: PMC4366510 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight control of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is required for optimal maturation of the germinal centre (GC) response. The molecular mechanisms controlling Tfh-cell differentiation remain incompletely understood. Here we show that microRNA-146a (miR-146a) is highly expressed in Tfh cells and peak miR-146a expression marks the decline of the Tfh response after immunization. Loss of miR-146a causes cell-intrinsic accumulation of Tfh and GC B cells. MiR-146a represses several Tfh-cell-expressed messenger RNAs, and of these, ICOS is the most strongly cell autonomously upregulated target in miR-146a-deficient T cells. In addition, miR-146a deficiency leads to increased ICOSL expression on GC B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Partial blockade of ICOS signalling, either by injections of low dose of ICOSL blocking antibody or by halving the gene dose of Icos in miR-146a-deficient T cells, prevents the Tfh and GC B-cell accumulation. Collectively, miR-146a emerges as a post-transcriptional brake to limit Tfh cells and GC responses. Maturation of antibody-producing B cells in germinal centers is orchestrated by T follicular helper cells. Here Pratama et al. show that miR-146a negatively regulates T follicular helper cells by targeting ICOS-ICOS ligand signaling in germinal centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Pratama
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Monika Srivastava
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Naomi J Williams
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Ilenia Papa
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Sau K Lee
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Xuyen T Dinh
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- Chronic Immune Reactions Group, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margaret A Jordan
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jimmy L Zhao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Genomics and Immunity Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Department of Pathogens and Immunity, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131, Garran Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Annemann M, Wang Z, Plaza-Sirvent C, Glauben R, Schuster M, Ewald Sander F, Mamareli P, Kühl AA, Siegmund B, Lochner M, Schmitz I. IκBNS Regulates Murine Th17 Differentiation during Gut Inflammation and Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2888-98. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
34
|
Hu R, Kagele DA, Huffaker TB, Runtsch MC, Alexander M, Liu J, Bake E, Su W, Williams MA, Rao DS, Möller T, Garden GA, Round JL, O'Connell RM. miR-155 promotes T follicular helper cell accumulation during chronic, low-grade inflammation. Immunity 2015; 41:605-19. [PMID: 25367574 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor to most life-shortening human diseases. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that sustain chronic inflammatory responses remain poorly understood, making it difficult to treat this deleterious condition. Using a mouse model of age-dependent inflammation that results from a deficiency in miR-146a, we demonstrate that miR-155 contributed to the progressive inflammatory disease that emerged as Mir146a(-/-) mice grew older. Upon analyzing lymphocytes from inflamed versus healthy middle-aged mice, we found elevated numbers of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and autoantibodies, all occurring in a miR-155-dependent manner. Further, Cd4-cre Mir155(fl/fl) mice were generated and demonstrated that miR-155 functions in T cells, in addition to its established role in B cells, to promote humoral immunity in a variety of contexts. Taken together, our study discovers that miR-146a and miR-155 counterregulate Tfh cell development that drives aberrant GC reactions during chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhen Hu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dominique A Kagele
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas B Huffaker
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marah C Runtsch
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Margaret Alexander
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erin Bake
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew A Williams
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - June L Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, 4280 JMRB, 15 North Medical Dr. East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jimeno R, Gomariz RP, Garín M, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, González-Álvaro I, Carrión M, Galindo M, Leceta J, Juarranz Y. The pathogenic Th profile of human activated memory Th cells in early rheumatoid arthritis can be modulated by VIP. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:457-67. [PMID: 25430993 PMCID: PMC4366555 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our aim is to study the behavior of memory Th cells (Th17, Th17/1, and Th1 profiles) from early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) patients after their in vitro activation/expansion to provide information about its contribution to RA chronicity. Moreover, we analyzed the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as an endogenous healing mediator. CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells from PBMCs of HD and eRA were activated/expanded in vitro in the presence/absence of VIP. FACS, ELISA, RT-PCR, and immunocytochemistry analyses were performed. An increase in CCR6(+)/RORC(+) cells and in RORC-proliferating cells and a decrease in T-bet-proliferating cells and T-bet(+)/RORC(+) cells were shown in eRA. mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-2, RORC, RORA, STAT3, and Tbx21 and protein secretion of IL-17, IFNγ, and GM-CSF were higher in eRA. VIP decreased the mRNA expression of IL-22, IL-2, STAT3, Tbx21, IL-12Rβ2, IL-23R, and IL-21R in HD and it decreased IL-21, IL-2, and STAT3 in eRA. VIP decreased IL-22 and GM-CSF secretion and increased IL-9 secretion in HD and it decreased IL-21 secretion in eRA. VPAC2/VPAC1 ratio expression was increased in eRA. All in all, memory Th cells from eRA patients show a greater proportion of Th17 cells with a pathogenic Th17 and Th17/1 profile compared to HD. VIP is able to modulate the pathogenic profile, mostly in HD. Our results are promising for therapy in the early stages of RA because they suggest that targeting molecules involved in the pathogenic Th17, Th17/1, and Th1 phenotypes and targeting VIP receptors could have a therapeutic effect modulating these subsets. KEY MESSAGES Th17 cells are more important than Th1 in the contribution to pathogenesis in eRA patients. Pathogenic Th17 and Th17/1 profile are abundant in activated/expanded memory Th cells from eRA patients. VIP decreases the pathogenic Th17, Th1, and Th17/1 profiles, mainly in healthy donors. The expression of VIP receptors is reduced in eRA patients respect to healthy donors, whereas the ratio of VPAC2/VPAC1 expression is higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Jimeno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Fang W, Wang D, Gao N, Ding Y, Chen C. The role of interleukin family in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)-induced immunotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:552-60. [PMID: 25212589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a prominent perfluorinated compound (PFC), has been widely detected in natural water bodies worldwide. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was exposed to nominal concentrations of PFOA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) for 21 d. After exposure, each fish was decapitated, and the spleen was removed to detect the expression patterns of P65 transcription factor, myeloid differentiation 88, relative interleukins (ILs), and antibody genes. PFOA can stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine at a low exposure concentration (0.05 mg/L) and can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine at higher exposure concentrations (≥ 0.1mg/L). The results of linear correlation analysis indicate that Myd88/NF-κB pathway is one of the important pathways to mediate inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-21) in zebrafish spleen. Additionally, the relative mRNA expression level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) at 1mg/L PFOA group was decreased to 56% of its corresponding level in the control. IL secretion disorder is possibly closely related to PFOA-induced TLR2 damage in zebrafish spleen. Furthermore, data show that the trends of PFOA-induced IL secretion have a relationship with Ig-secreting trend. This study demonstrates that PFOA can affect IL expression level through NF-κB, and ILs have an important function in the mediation of Ig secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China.
| | - Wendi Fang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China
| | - Nana Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Road 16#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310036, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Hangzhou Academy of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Di Fusco D, Izzo R, Figliuzzi MM, Pallone F, Monteleone G. IL-21 as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1329-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.945426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
38
|
Soboleva AG, Mesentsev AV, Bruskin SA. Genetically modified animals as models of the pathological processes in psoriasis. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Tellier J, Nutt SL. The unique features of follicular T cell subsets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4771-84. [PMID: 23852544 PMCID: PMC11113495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction is critical for humoral immunity, but also contributes adversely to a variety of autoimmune diseases. While the major protective function of GCs is mediated by plasma cells and memory B cells, follicular helper T (TFH) cells represent a specialized T cell subset that provides essential help to the antigen-specific B cells in the form of membrane-bound ligands and secreted factors such as IL-21. Recent studies have revealed that TFH cells are capable of considerable functional diversity as well as possessing the ability to form memory cells. The molecular basis of this plasticity and heterogeneity is only now emerging. It has also become apparent that several other populations of follicular T cells exist, including natural killer T cells and regulatory T cells. In this review we will discuss the function of follicular T cells and interaction of these populations within the GC response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tellier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Control of TFH cell numbers: why and how? Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:40-8. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
41
|
Carpenter OL, Wu S. Regulation of MSK1-Mediated NF-κB Activation Upon UVB Irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:155-61. [PMID: 24033137 DOI: 10.1111/php.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that controls expression of genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses as well as being a key component in the onset of cancers. In this study, we provided evidence that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) is responsible for a noncanonical late-phase activation of NF-κB upon UVB irradiation. Our data demonstrated that following UVB irradiation, MSK1 is activated via phosphorylation at the 24 h time point coinciding with translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Investigations into the signaling pathways upstream of MSK1 through the use of specific inhibitors for mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 revealed that both kinases are required for full phosphorylation during the late phase (24 h), while p38 is paramount for phosphorylation during the early phase (6 h). Electromobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that inhibition of MSK1 resulted in a marked reduction in NF-κB binding affinity without altering the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Supershift EMSA implicate that the p65, but not p50, isoform of NF-κB is involved in late-phase activation in response to UVB irradiation. Together, the results of these studies shed light onto a novel pathway of MSK1-mediated late-phase activation of NF-κB in response to UVB irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grammatikos AP, Ghosh D, Devlin A, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) regulates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cell signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74550. [PMID: 24013589 PMCID: PMC3754955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Engagement of the CD3/T cell receptor complex in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells involves Syk rather than the zeta-associated protein. Because Syk is being considered as a therapeutic target we asked whether Syk is central to the multiple aberrantly modulated molecules in SLE T cells. Using a gene expression array, we demonstrate that forced expression of Syk in normal T cells reproduces most of the aberrantly expressed molecules whereas silencing of Syk in SLE T cells normalizes the expression of most abnormally expressed molecules. Protein along with gene expression modulation for select molecules was confirmed. Specifically, levels of cytokine IL-21, cell surface receptor CD44, and intracellular molecules PP2A and OAS2 increased following Syk overexpression in normal T cells and decreased after Syk silencing in SLE T cells. Our results demonstrate that levels of Syk affect the expression of a number of enzymes, cytokines and receptors that play a key role in the development of disease pathogenesis in SLE and provide support for therapeutic targeting in SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros P Grammatikos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays important roles in various biological processes including apoptosis, stress response, immunity, and inflammation. NF-κB signaling is involved in both immune cell development and function, and it is critical in modulation of the immune response through the transcriptional regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression. An area of great interest in T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity is the ability of naive CD4(+) T cells generated in the thymus to differentiate into various subsets including T-helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, Th9, follicular helper T (Tfh), Th22, and regulatory T (Treg) cells, upon encountering different pathogens and microenvironments. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB pathway in the development and functional divergence of the different helper T-cell subsets as well as in regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu Q, Zhou C, Wang J, Chen L, Zheng S, Zhang J. A functional insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of PDCD6IP is associated with the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:451-7. [PMID: 23777424 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Apart from environmental factors such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus, alcohol abuse, and exposure to dietary aflatoxin, genetic factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. By analyzing 390 HCC cases and 431 healthy controls in a Chinese population, we used a candidate gene approach to evaluate the association between a 15-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism (rs28381975) in the promoter region of the programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP) gene and HCC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects carrying ins/del or ins/ins genotypes had significantly increased risk for HCC than individuals carrying del/del genotypes (adjusted odds ratio=1.39, 95% confidence interval=1.01-1.91, p=0.033]. Carrying the 15-bp insertion allele was associated with a 1.26-fold risk for HCC (95% CI=1.04-1.54, p=0.018). Moreover, significant differences were observed within HCC patients concerning genotypic frequencies of rs28381975 after stratifying by tumor stages and HBV infection. Computational modeling suggests that rs28381975 could disrupt the binding patterns of c-rel, a key subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factor. Further luciferase-based transient transfection assays revealed that rs28381975 can affect the promoter activity of PDCD6IP, indicating its possible functional significance. Taken together, our data suggest that common genetic variations in PDCD6IP may influence HCC risk, possibly through promoter activity-mediated regulation. Replication of our studies in other populations and further functional analysis will strengthen our understanding of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
See SB, Thomas WR. Protective anti-outer membrane protein immunity against Pasteurella pneumotropica infection of mice. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:470-9. [PMID: 23624107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of recombinant outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella pneumotropica to vaccinate against the infections of mice was studied. The proteins examined were the homologues of the P4, P6, P26, and D15 proteins of Haemophilus influenzae. Intranasal vaccination with P4 and P6 produced protection against pneumonia. P6 vaccination, which was most studied, reduced the peak bacteria load in lungs by 50-fold and caused a rapid resolution of an infection that lasted for at least 5 days in unvaccinated animals. Protection could be partially transferred with CD4(+) T cells and pulmonary challenge with the P6 antigen induced interferon-γ and the Th17 cytokine IL-21. This is the first demonstration of the ability of a recombinant P6 to mediate protective immunity to a pathogen in its natural host and it is proposed that it would not only have utility for mouse breeding but also for investigating how to improve the efficacy of vaccination with homologous proteins for related species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B See
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, Centre for Child Health Research, Telethon Institute of Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth 6872, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang X, Jing H, Zhao K, Sun R, Liu Z, Ying Y, Ci L, Kuang Y, Huang F, Wang Z, Fei J. Functional imaging of Rel expression in inflammatory processes using bioluminescence imaging system in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57632. [PMID: 23469037 PMCID: PMC3585201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Rel plays important roles in many inflammatory diseases. Revealing the dynamic expression of c-Rel in disease processes in vivo is critical for understanding c-Rel functions and for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. In this paper, a transgenic mouse line, B6-Tg(c-Rel-luc)(Mlit), which incorporated the transgene firefly luciferase driven by a 14.5-kb fragment containing mouse c-Rel gene Rel promoter, was generated to monitor Rel expression in vivo. Luciferase expression could be tracked in living mice by the method of bioluminescence imaging in a variety of inflammatory processes, including LPS induced sepsis and EAE disease model. The luciferase expression in transgenic mice was comparable to the endogenous Rel expression and could be suppressed by administration of anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone or aspirin. These results indicate that the B6-Tg(c-Rel-luc)(Mlit) mouse is a valuable animal model to study Rel expression in physiological and pathological processes, and the effects of various drug treatments in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenze Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ying
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ci
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yoshizaki A, Miyagaki T, DiLillo DJ, Matsushita T, Horikawa M, Kountikov EI, Spolski R, Poe JC, Leonard WJ, Tedder TF. Regulatory B cells control T-cell autoimmunity through IL-21-dependent cognate interactions. Nature 2012; 491:264-8. [PMID: 23064231 PMCID: PMC3493692 DOI: 10.1038/nature11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells regulate immune responses by producing antigen-specific antibodies. However, specific B-cell subsets can also negatively regulate T-cell immune responses, and have been termed regulatory B cells. Human and mouse regulatory B cells (B10 cells) with the ability to express the inhibitory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) have been identified. Although rare, B10 cells are potent negative regulators of antigen-specific inflammation and T-cell-dependent autoimmune diseases in mice. How B10-cell IL-10 production and regulation of antigen-specific immune responses are controlled in vivo without inducing systemic immunosuppression is unknown. Using a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, here we show that B10-cell maturation into functional IL-10-secreting effector cells that inhibit in vivo autoimmune disease requires IL-21 and CD40-dependent cognate interactions with T cells. Moreover, the ex vivo provision of CD40 and IL-21 receptor signals can drive B10-cell development and expansion by four-million-fold, and generate B10 effector cells producing IL-10 that markedly inhibit disease symptoms when transferred into mice with established autoimmune disease. The ex vivo expansion and reinfusion of autologous B10 cells may provide a novel and effective in vivo treatment for severe autoimmune diseases that are resistant to current therapies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Division
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hemdan NYA, Birkenmeier G, Wichmann G. Key molecules in the differentiation and commitment program of T helper 17 (Th17) cells up-to-date. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:97-109. [PMID: 23036716 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying autoimmunity and cancer remain elusive. However, perpendicular evidence has been evolved in the past decade that T helper (Th)17 cells and their related molecules are implicated in initiation and induction of various disease settings including both diseases. Meanwhile, extensive research on Th17 cells elucidated various molecules including cytokines and transcription factors as well as signaling pathways involved in the differentiation, maturation, survival and ultimate commitment of Th17 cells. In the current review, we revise the mechanistic underpinnings delivered by recent research on these molecules in the Th17 differentiation/commitment concert. We emphasize on those molecules proposed as targets for attaining potential therapies of various autoimmune disorders and cancer, aiming both at dampening the dark-side of Th17 repertoire and simultaneously potentiating its benefits in the roster of the antimicrobial response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y A Hemdan
- ENT-Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gilmore TD, Gerondakis S. The c-Rel Transcription Factor in Development and Disease. Genes Cancer 2012; 2:695-711. [PMID: 22207895 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911421925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Rel is a member of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor family. Unlike other NF-κB proteins that are expressed in a variety of cell types, high levels of c-Rel expression are found primarily in B and T cells, with many c-Rel target genes involved in lymphoid cell growth and survival. In addition to c-Rel playing a major role in mammalian B and T cell function, the human c-rel gene (REL) is a susceptibility locus for certain autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, psoriasis, and celiac disease. The REL locus is also frequently altered (amplified, mutated, rearranged), and expression of REL is increased in a variety of B and T cell malignancies and, to a lesser extent, in other cancer types. Thus, agents that modulate REL activity may have therapeutic benefits for certain human cancers and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hayes SM, Laird RM. Genetic requirements for the development and differentiation of interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2012; 32:81-95. [PMID: 22428856 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v32.i1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Most effector T cells are generated in the periphery following an encounter with a foreign antigen and exposure to soluble and membrane-bound mediators. There are, however, some T cell subsets, such as γδ T cells and natural killer T cells, that acquire their effector potential in the thymus before their emigration to the periphery. This developmental preprogramming enables these cells to differentiate rapidly into cytokine-producing effectors during the host immune response. This review focuses on murine interleukin (IL)-17-producing γδ T (γδ-17) cells, which have been shown, through their early production of IL-17, to have a critical role in multiple infectious and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, we discuss what is currently known about the genetic requirements for their generation and compare it with what is known about that of the more extensively studied IL-17-producing helper T (Thl7) cells. Based on this comparison, we propose a model for murine γδ-17 development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|