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Cruciani C, Gatto M, Iaccarino L, Doria A, Zen M. Monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukins for systemic lupus erythematosus: updates in early clinical drug development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:801-814. [PMID: 38958085 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2376566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of biological therapies has already revolutionized treatment strategies and disease course of several rheumatologic conditions, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cytokines and interleukins represent a considerable portion of this family of drugs. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) dysregulation of different cytokine and interleukin-related pathways have been linked to disease development and perpetration, offering palatable therapeutic targets addressable via such mAbs. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the different biological therapies under development targeting cytokines and interleukins, with a focus on mAbs, while providing the rationale behind their choice as therapeutic targets and analyzing the scientific evidence linking them to SLE pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION An unprecedented number of clinical trials on biological drugs targeting different immunological pathways are ongoing in SLE. Their success might allow us to tackle present challenges of SLE management, including the overuse of glucocorticoids in daily clinical practice, as well as SLE heterogenicity in treatment response among different individuals, hopefully paving the way toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cruciani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin and Turin Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Zen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Rosenbaum D, Saftig P. New insights into the function and pathophysiology of the ectodomain sheddase A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10). FEBS J 2024; 291:2733-2766. [PMID: 37218105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 'A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10' (ADAM10) has gained considerable attention due to its discovery as an 'α-secretase' involved in the nonamyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein, thereby possibly preventing the excessive generation of the amyloid beta peptide, which is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. ADAM10 was found to exert many additional functions, cleaving about 100 different membrane proteins. ADAM10 is involved in many pathophysiological conditions, ranging from cancer and autoimmune disorders to neurodegeneration and inflammation. ADAM10 cleaves its substrates close to the plasma membrane, a process referred to as ectodomain shedding. This is a central step in the modulation of the functions of cell adhesion proteins and cell surface receptors. ADAM10 activity is controlled by transcriptional and post-translational events. The interaction of ADAM10 with tetraspanins and the way they functionally and structurally depend on each other is another topic of interest. In this review, we will summarize findings on how ADAM10 is regulated and what is known about the biology of the protease. We will focus on novel aspects of the molecular biology and pathophysiology of ADAM10 that were previously poorly covered, such as the role of ADAM10 on extracellular vesicles, its contribution to virus entry, and its involvement in cardiac disease, cancer, inflammation, and immune regulation. ADAM10 has emerged as a regulator controlling cell surface proteins during development and in adult life. Its involvement in disease states suggests that ADAM10 may be exploited as a therapeutic target to treat conditions associated with a dysfunctional proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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Umeda M, Satyam A, Yoshida N, Kawakami A. A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase carves T cell abnormalities and pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110168. [PMID: 38458301 PMCID: PMC11009040 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder impacting various organs, notably prevalent in women of reproductive age. This review explores the involvement of a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) in SLE pathogenesis. Despite advancements in understanding SLE through genome and transcriptome studies, the role of ADAMs in post-translational regulations remains insufficiently explored. ADAMs, transmembrane proteins with diverse functions, impact cell adhesion, migration, and inflammation by shedding cell surface proteins, growth factors, and receptors. Notably, ADAM9 is implicated in Th17 cell differentiation, which is crucial in SLE pathology. ADAM10 and ADAM17 play pivotal roles in T-cell biology, influencing immune cell development and differentiation. Elevated soluble ADAM substrates in SLE patients serve as potential biomarkers correlating with disease activity. Targeting ADAMs or their substrates offers promising therapeutic avenues for SLE management and treatment enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Abhigyan Satyam
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobuya Yoshida
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Cross AH, Gelfand JM, Thebault S, Bennett JL, von Büdingen HC, Cameron B, Carruthers R, Edwards K, Fallis R, Gerstein R, Giacomini PS, Greenberg B, Hafler DA, Ionete C, Kaunzner UW, Kodama L, Lock C, Longbrake EE, Musch B, Pardo G, Piehl F, Weber MS, Yuen S, Ziemssen T, Bose G, Freedman MS, Anania VG, Ramesh A, Winger RC, Jia X, Herman A, Harp C, Bar-Or A. Emerging Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 2024:2816158. [PMID: 38466277 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Importance Biomarkers distinguishing nonrelapsing progressive disease biology from relapsing biology in multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an accessible fluid that most closely reflects central nervous system biology. Objective To identify CSF biological measures associated with progressive MS pathobiology. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study assessed data from 2 prospective MS cohorts: a test cohort provided serial CSF, clinical, and imaging assessments in a multicenter study of patients with relapsing MS (RMS) or primary progressive MS (PPMS) who were initiating anti-CD20 treatment (recruitment: 2016-2018; analysis: 2020-2023). A single-site confirmation cohort was used to assess CSF at baseline and long-term (>10 year) clinical follow-up (analysis: 2022-2023). Exposures Test-cohort participants initiated standard-of-care ocrelizumab treatment. Confirmation-cohort participants were untreated or received standard-of-care disease-modifying MS therapies. Main Outcomes and Measures Twenty-five CSF markers, including neurofilament light chain, neurofilament heavy chain, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP); 24-week confirmed disability progression (CDP24); and brain magnetic resonance imaging measures reflecting focal injury, tissue loss, and progressive biology (slowly expanding lesions [SELs]). Results The test cohort (n = 131) included 100 patients with RMS (mean [SD] age, 36.6 [10.4] years; 68 [68%] female and 32 [32%] male; Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score, 0-5.5), and 31 patients with PPMS (mean [SD] age, 44.9 [7.4] years; 15 [48%] female and 16 [52%] male; EDSS score, 3.0-6.5). The confirmation cohort (n = 68) included 41 patients with RMS and 27 with PPMS enrolled at diagnosis (age, 40 years [range, 20-61 years]; 47 [69%] female and 21 [31%] male). In the test cohort, GFAP was correlated with SEL count (r = 0.33), greater proportion of T2 lesion volume from SELs (r = 0.24), and lower T1-weighted intensity within SELs (r = -0.33) but not with acute inflammatory measures. Neurofilament heavy chain was correlated with SEL count (r = 0.25) and lower T1-weighted intensity within SELs (r = -0.28). Immune markers correlated with measures of acute inflammation and, unlike GFAP, were impacted by anti-CD20. In the confirmation cohort, higher baseline CSF GFAP levels were associated with long-term CDP24 (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, activated glial markers (in particular GFAP) and neurofilament heavy chain were associated specifically with nonrelapsing progressive disease outcomes (independent of acute inflammatory activity). Elevated CSF GFAP was associated with long-term MS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H Cross
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Simon Thebault
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Fallis
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lay Kodama
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gauruv Bose
- Department of Medicine in Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine in Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Herman
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Álvarez Gómez JA, Salazar-Camarena DC, Román-Fernández IV, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Cruz A, Muñoz-Valle JF, Marín-Rosales M, Espinoza-García N, Sagrero-Fabela N, Palafox-Sánchez CA. BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235937. [PMID: 37675114 PMCID: PMC10478082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE. Recently, atypical B cells that express CD11c have been associated with SLE because they are prone to develop into antibody-secreting cells, however the relationship with BAFF remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the BAFF system expression on CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets double negative 2 (DN2), activated naïve (aNAV), switched memory (SWM) and unswitched memory (USM) B cells. Methods Forty-five SLE patients and 15 healthy subjects (HS) were included. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the receptors in the B cell subpopulations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the soluble levels of BAFF (sBAFF) and IL-21. Results We found increased frequency of CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, aNAV, SWM and USM B cells in SLE patients compared to HS. SLE patients had increased expression of membrane BAFF (mBAFF) and BCMA receptor in classic B cell subsets (DN, NAV, SWM and USM). Also, the CXCR5+ CD11c- DN1, resting naïve (rNAV), SWM and USM B cell subsets showed higher mBAFF expression in SLE. CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, SWM and USM B cells showed strong correlations with the expression of BAFF receptors. The atypical B cells DN2 in SLE showed significant decreased expression of TACI, which correlated with higher IL-21 levels. Also, lower expression of TACI in atypical B cell DN2 was associated with high disease activity. Discussion These results suggest a participation of the BAFF system in CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets in SLE patients. Decreased TACI expression on atypical B cells DN2 correlated with high disease activity in SLE patients supporting the immunoregulatory role of TACI in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Antonio Álvarez Gómez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ilce Valeria Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pablo César Ortiz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Noemí Espinoza-García
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Alfaro R, Rodríguez-Aguilar L, Llorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Muro-Perez M, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Early Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Renal Recipients Is Associated with High Levels of B Cell Maturation Antigen Transcript Expression Prior to Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10491. [PMID: 37445668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most frequent infection episode in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Reactivation usually occurs in the first three months after transplantation and is associated with higher cellular and/or antibody-mediated rejection rates and poorer graft performance. CMV induces the expression of BAFF (B-cell-activating factor, a cytokine involved in the homeostasis of B cells), which communicates signals for survival and growth to B cells and virus-specific plasma cells via the R-BAFF (BAFF receptor), TACI (the calcium modulator, the cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) receptors. These molecules of the BAFF system have also been suggested as biomarkers for the development of alloantibodies and graft dysfunction. This prospective study included 30 CMV-IgG seropositive KT recipients. The expression levels of the genes BAFF-R, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) pre-KT were determined using qPCR. qPCR was also used to monitor CMV reactivation in the first three months following KT. The remainder of the KT recipients were classified as CMV- reactivation, and those with more than 500 copies/mL in at least one sample were classified as CMV+ reactivation. There were no discernible variations in the BAFF-R and TACI transcript expression levels. In the CMV+ group, we examined the relationship between the transcript levels and peak viremia. Peak viremia levels and BCMA transcript levels showed a strong correlation. BAFF-R and TACI expressions showed no measurable differences. In patients with early CMV reactivation, high BCMA receptor expression was associated with increased plasmablast, lymphocyte B cell class-switched levels (LBCS), and viral load. Our findings demonstrate that pre-KT BCMA transcript levels increased in KT recipients with early CMV reactivation. These transcript levels positively correlate with peak viremia and weakly with plasmablast and LBCS levels in PBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Llorente
- Nephrology Services, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro-Perez
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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The BAFF-APRIL System in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061791. [PMID: 36980677 PMCID: PMC10046288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF; also known as CD257, TNFSF13B, BLyS) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; also known as CD256, TNFSF13) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. BAFF was initially discovered as a B-cell survival factor, whereas APRIL was first identified as a protein highly expressed in various cancers. These discoveries were followed by over two decades of extensive research effort, which identified overlapping signaling cascades between BAFF and APRIL, controlling immune homeostasis in health and driving pathogenesis in autoimmunity and cancer, the latter being the focus of this review. High levels of BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors have been detected in different cancers and found to be associated with disease severity and treatment response. Here, we have summarized the role of the BAFF-APRIL system in immune cell differentiation and immune tolerance and detailed its pathogenic functions in hematological and solid cancers. We also highlight the emerging therapeutics targeting the BAFF-APRIL system in different cancer types.
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Ho S, Oswald E, Wong HK, Vural A, Yilmaz V, Tüzün E, Türkoğlu R, Straub T, Meinl I, Thaler F, Kümpfel T, Meinl E, Mader S. Ocrelizumab Treatment Modulates B-Cell Regulating Factors in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200083. [PMID: 36702538 PMCID: PMC9880874 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antibodies to CD20 efficiently reduce new relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS), and ocrelizumab has been shown to be effective also in primary progressive MS. Although anti-CD20 treatments efficiently deplete B cells in blood, some B cells and CD20- plasma cells persist in lymphatic organs and the inflamed CNS; their survival is regulated by the B cell-activating factor (BAFF)/A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) system. The administration of a soluble receptor for BAFF and APRIL, atacicept, unexpectedly worsened MS. Here, we explored the long-term effects of ocrelizumab on immune cell subsets as well as on cytokines and endogenous soluble receptors comprising the BAFF-APRIL system. METHODS We analyzed immune cell subsets and B cell-regulating factors longitudinally for up to 2.5 years in patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab. In a second cohort, we determined B-cell regulatory factors in the CSF before and after ocrelizumab. We quantified the cytokines BAFF and APRIL along with their endogenous soluble receptors soluble B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and soluble transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML) interactor (sTACI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In addition, we established an in-house ELISA to measure sTACI-BAFF complexes. RESULTS Ocrelizumab treatment of people with MS persistently depleted B cells and CD20+ T cells. This treatment enhanced BAFF and reduced the free endogenous soluble receptor and decoy sTACI in both serum and CSF. Levels of sTACI negatively correlated with BAFF levels. Reduction of sTACI was associated with formation of sTACI-BAFF complexes. DISCUSSION We describe a novel effect of anti-CD20 therapy on the BAFF-APRIL system, namely reduction of sTACI. Because sTACI is a decoy for APRIL, its reduction may enhance local APRIL activity, thereby promoting regulatory IgA+ plasma cells and astrocytic interleukin (IL)-10 production. Thus, reducing sTACI might contribute to the beneficial effect of anti-CD20 as exogenous sTACI (atacicept) worsened MS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that endogenous sTACI in blood and CSF is decreased after ocrelizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ho
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Eva Oswald
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Hoi Kiu Wong
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Atay Vural
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Vuslat Yilmaz
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Recai Türkoğlu
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Ingrid Meinl
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Franziska Thaler
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany.
| | - Simone Mader
- From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.H., E.O., H.K.W., A.V., I.M., F.T., T.K., E.M., S.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (S.H.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.V.), Koc University School of Medicine; Department of Neuroscience (V.Y., E.T.), Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye; Core Facility Bioinformatics (T.S.), Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (F.T.), Germany.
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9
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A Comprehensive Analysis of Cytokine Network in Centenarians. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032719. [PMID: 36769039 PMCID: PMC9916918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines have been investigated extensively in elderly people, with conflicting results. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the plasma levels of 62 cytokines and growth factors involved in the regulation of the immune system, in healthy centenarians, and middle-aged controls. We confirmed the previously observed increase in the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and found that several other cytokines, directly or indirectly involved in inflammation (such as IFN-α, IL-23, CCL-5), were present at higher levels in centenarians. We did not observe any increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, with the notable exception of the Th2-shifting cytokine IL-19. No relevant difference was observed in cytokines regulating T cell immunity. Several growth factors having a role in regulating immunity, such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, and VEGF, were upregulated in centenarians, too. Principal component analysis of the cytokine dataset showed that pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines were the variables that contributed the most to the variability of the data we observed.
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10
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Giovannini D, Belbezier A, Baillet A, Bouillet L, Kawano M, Dumestre-Perard C, Clavarino G, Noble J, Pers JO, Sturm N, Huard B. Heterogeneity of antibody-secreting cells infiltrating autoimmune tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111366. [PMID: 36895558 PMCID: PMC9989216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The humoral response is frequently dysfunctioning in autoimmunity with a frequent rise in total serum immunoglobulins, among which are found autoantibodies that may be pathogenic by themselves and/or propagate the inflammatory reaction. The infiltration of autoimmune tissues by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) constitutes another dysfunction. The known high dependency of ASCs on the microenvironment to survive combined to the high diversity of infiltrated tissues implies that ASCs must adapt. Some tissues even within a single clinical autoimmune entity are devoid of infiltration. The latter means that either the tissue is not permissive or ASCs fail to adapt. The origin of infiltrated ASCs is also variable. Indeed, ASCs may be commonly generated in the secondary lymphoid organ draining the autoimmune tissue, and home at the inflammation site under the guidance of specific chemokines. Alternatively, ASCs may be generated locally, when ectopic germinal centers are formed in the autoimmune tissue. Alloimmune tissues with the example of kidney transplantation will also be discussed own to their high similarity with autoimmune tissues. It should also be noted that antibody production is not the only function of ASCs, since cells with regulatory functions have also been described. This article will review all the phenotypic variations indicative of tissue adaptation described so for at the level of ASC-infiltrating auto/alloimmune tissues. The aim is to potentially define tissue-specific molecular targets in ASCs to improve the specificity of future autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Giovannini
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Aude Belbezier
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Athan Baillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Department of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Johan Noble
- Department of Nephrology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- B Lymphocytes, Autoimmunity and Immunotherapies, Brest University, INSERM, UMR1227, Brest, France.,Odontology Unit, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Department of Pathology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Translational Research in Autoimmunity and Inflammation Group (TRAIG), Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5525, Grenoble, France
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11
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Cascalho M, Platt JL. TNFRSF13B in B cell responses to organ transplantation. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:27-33. [PMID: 36333165 PMCID: PMC10429825 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies directed against organ transplants are thought to pose the most vexing hurdle to enduring function and survival of the transplants, particularly organ xenotransplants, and accordingly basic and clinical investigation has focused on elucidating the specificity and pathogenicity of graft-specific antibodies. While much has been learned about these matters, far less is known about the B cells producing graft-specific antibodies and why these antibodies appear to injure some grafts but not others. With the goal of addressing those questions, we have investigated the properties of tumor necrosis factor receptor super family-13B (TNFRSF13B), which regulates various aspects of B cell responses. A full understanding of the functions of TNFRSF13B however is hindered by extreme polymorphism and by diversity of interactions of the protein. Nevertheless, TNFRSF13B variants have been found to exert distinct impact on natural and elicited antibody responses and host defense and mutations of TNFRSF13B have been found to influence the propensity for development of antibody-mediated rejection of organ transplants. Because B cell responses potentially limit application of xenotransplantation, understanding how TNFRSF13B diversity and TNFRSF13B variants govern immunity in xenotransplantation could inspire development of novel therapeutics that could in turn accelerate clinical implementation of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Jeffrey L Platt
- Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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12
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Corneth OBJ, Neys SFH, Hendriks RW. Aberrant B Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213391. [PMID: 36359789 PMCID: PMC9654300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in B cells from patients or specific animal models and by the observed efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we first discuss key signal transduction pathways downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) that ensure that autoreactive B cells are removed from the repertoire or functionally silenced. We provide an overview of aberrant BCR signaling that is associated with inappropriate B cell repertoire selection and activation or survival of peripheral B cell populations and plasma cells, finally leading to autoantibody formation. Next to BCR signaling, abnormalities in other signal transduction pathways have been implicated in autoimmune disease. These include reduced activity of several phosphates that are downstream of co-inhibitory receptors on B cells and increased levels of BAFF and APRIL, which support survival of B cells and plasma cells. Importantly, pathogenic synergy of the BCR and Toll-like receptors (TLR), which can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, has been shown to enhance autoimmunity. Finally, we will briefly discuss therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disease based on interfering with signal transduction in B cells.
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13
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Monitoring of Soluble Forms of BAFF System (BAFF, APRIL, sR-BAFF, sTACI and sBCMA) in Kidney Transplantation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:21. [PMID: 36136146 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BAFF system plays an essential role in B cells homeostasis and tolerance, although it has widely not been tested in transplantation with doubtful results. The main purpose was to study the BAFF soluble forms and their correlation with acute rejection (AR) and donor-specific antibodies production. Serum levels of BAFF, APRIL, and soluble forms of their receptors were analyzed in renal recipients with and without acute rejection (AR/NAR) appearance. All molecules were evaluated at pre- and post-transplantation. sTACI showed a significant correlation with BAFF and sR-BAFF levels, and sBCMA also showed a positive correlation with sAPRIL levels. A significant increase in sAPRIL levels in patients suffering AR was also found, and ROC curves analysis showed an AUC = 0.724, a concentration of 6.05 ng/ml (sensitivity: 66.7%; specificity: 73.3%), the best cutoff point for predicting AR. In the post-transplant dynamics of sAPRIL levels in the longitudinal cohort, we observed a significant decrease at 3 and 6 month post-transplantation compared to pretransplantation status. We also observed that recipients with high pre-transplant levels of sAPRIL generated antibodies earlier than those with lower sAPRIL levels, although their long-term post-transplantation was not different. Our results show that elevated serum levels of APRIL may be helpful as a biomarker for the diagnosis of AR, although the longitudinal study shows that it is not helpful as a prognostic biomarker.
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14
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Sanges S, Guerrier T, Duhamel A, Guilbert L, Hauspie C, Largy A, Balden M, Podevin C, Lefèvre G, Jendoubi M, Speca S, Hachulla É, Sobanski V, Dubucquoi S, Launay D. Soluble markers of B cell activation suggest a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954007. [PMID: 35967377 PMCID: PMC9374103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soluble markers of B cell activation are interesting diagnostic and prognostic tools in autoimmune diseases. Data in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are scarce and few studies focused on their association with disease characteristics. Methods 1. Serum levels of 14 B cell biomarkers (β2-microglobulin, rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulins (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, BAFF, APRIL, soluble (s)TACI, sBCMA sCD21, sCD23, sCD25, sCD27, CXCL13) were measured in SSc patients and healthy controls (HC). 2. Associations between these biomarkers and SSc characteristics were assessed. 3. The pathophysiological relevance of identified associations was explored by studying protein production in B cell culture supernatant. Results In a discovery panel of 80 SSc patients encompassing the broad spectrum of disease manifestations, we observed a higher frequency of RF positivity, and increased levels of β2-microglobulin, IgG and CXCL13 compared with HC. We found significant associations between several biomarkers and SSc characteristics related to disease phenotype, activity and severity. Especially, serum IgG levels were associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH); β2-microglobulin with Nt-pro-BNP and DLCO; and BAFF with peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). In a validation cohort of limited cutaneous SSc patients without extensive ILD, we observed lower serum IgG levels, and higher β2-microglobulin, sBCMA, sCD23 and sCD27 levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BAFF levels strongly correlated with Nt-pro-BNP levels, FVC/DLCO ratio and peak TRV in SSc-PAH patients. Cultured SSc B cells showed increased production of various angiogenic factors (angiogenin, angiopoietin-1, VEGFR-1, PDGF-AA, MMP-8, TIMP-1, L-selectin) and decreased production of angiopoietin-2 compared to HC. Conclusion Soluble markers of B cell activation could be relevant tools to assess organ involvements, activity and severity in SSc. Their associations with PAH could plead for a role of B cell activation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary microangiopathy. B cells may contribute to SSc vasculopathy through production of angiogenic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sanges
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), Lille, France
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR2694 – METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - Lucile Guilbert
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Carine Hauspie
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Largy
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Maïté Balden
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Céline Podevin
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - Manel Jendoubi
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Éric Hachulla
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut d’Immunologie, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, U1286 – INFINITE – Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- INSERM, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ReCONNET), Lille, France
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15
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Alfaro R, Lorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Muro-Pérez M, de la Peña-Moral J, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Evaluating the Link between BAFF System Gene Expression and Acute Rejection Development in Kidney Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143956. [PMID: 35887720 PMCID: PMC9319040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling is critical for B-cell homeostasis, effector functions, and tolerance maintenance in transplants, but it has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim was to analyze the changes in BAFF system expression in KTRs with/without acute rejection (AR/NAR). The BAFF system expression was analyzed by qPCR in 40 KTRs. A meta-analysis of BAFF system expression and histological renal damage was identified by the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI) and performed from the GEO database. Proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression increased at three- and six-months post-KT (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001). B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression increased at six-months post-KT (p = 0.038). BAFF expression remained stable in NAR-KTRs, but was increased in CADI concerning the No-CADI group at one year (p = 0.008). BCMA expression increased in the CADI group at one- (p = 0.001) and six-years post-KT (p = 0.024). At three months, the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator interactor (TACI) gene significantly elevated KTRs with DSAs (donor-specific antibody; p = 0.034). KTRs with DSAs significantly increase the B-cell activating factor receptor (R-BAFF; p = 0.021) and TACI (p = 0.018) between pre- and three-month post-KT. Changes in the expression of the BAFF system increase during post-KTR in the development of AR and chronic allograft damage, and could be an important pathological tool to detect and prevent kidney graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Santiago Lorente
- Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Víctor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro-Pérez
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Jesús de la Peña-Moral
- Pathology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
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16
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Sevdali E, Block V, Lataretu M, Li H, Smulski CR, Briem JS, Heitz Y, Fischer B, Ramirez NJ, Grimbacher B, Jäck HM, Voll RE, Hölzer M, Schneider P, Eibel H. BAFFR activates PI3K/AKT signaling in human naive but not in switched memory B cells through direct interactions with B cell antigen receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111019. [PMID: 35767961 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of BAFF to BAFFR activates in mature B cells PI3K/AKT signaling regulating protein synthesis, metabolic fitness, and survival. In humans, naive and memory B cells express the same levels of BAFFR, but only memory B cells seem to survive without BAFF. Here, we show that BAFF activates PI3K/AKT only in naive B cells and changes the expression of genes regulating migration, proliferation, growth, and survival. BAFF-induced PI3K/AKT activation requires direct interactions between BAFFR and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) components CD79A and CD79B and is enhanced by the AKT coactivator TCL1A. Compared to memory B cells, naive B cells express more surface BCRs, which interact better with BAFFR than IgG or IgA, thus allowing stronger responses to BAFF. As ablation of BAFFR in naive and memory B cells causes cell death independent of BAFF-induced signaling, BAFFR seems to act also as an intrinsic factor for B cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Block
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Lataretu
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian R Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida E-Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jana-Susann Briem
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Heitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Neftali-Jose Ramirez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Erlangen, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, MF1 Bioinformatics, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that often progresses to severe disability. Previous studies have highlighted the role of T cells in disease pathophysiology; however, the success of B-cell-targeted therapies has led to an increased interest in how B cells contribute to disease immunopathology. In this review, we summarize evidence of B-cell involvement in MS disease mechanisms, starting with pathology and moving on to review aspects of B cell immunobiology potentially relevant to MS. We describe current theories of critical B cell contributions to the inflammatory CNS milieu in MS, namely (i) production of autoantibodies, (ii) antigen presentation, (iii) production of proinflammatory cytokines (bystander activation), and (iv) EBV involvement. In the second part of the review, we summarize medications that have targeted B cells in patients with MS and their current position in the therapeutic armamentarium based on clinical trials and real-world data. Covered therapeutic strategies include the targeting of surface molecules such as CD20 (rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ublituximab) and CD19 (inebilizumab), and molecules necessary for B-cell activation such as B cell activating factor (BAFF) (belimumab) and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) (evobrutinib). We finally discuss the use of B-cell-targeted therapeutics in pregnancy.
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18
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Heib M, Weiß J, Saggau C, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Adam D. Ars moriendi: Proteases as sculptors of cellular suicide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119191. [PMID: 34973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Ars moriendi, which translates to "The Art of Dying," encompasses two Latin texts that gave advice on how to die well and without fear according to the Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. Given that ten to hundred billion cells die in our bodies every day, it is obvious that the concept of a well and orderly ("regulated") death is also paramount at the cellular level. In apoptosis, as the most well-studied form of regulated cell death, proteases of the caspase family are the central mediators. However, caspases are not the only proteases that act as sculptors of cellular suicide, and therefore, we here provide an overview of the impact of proteases in apoptosis and other forms of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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19
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Stathopoulos P, Dalakas MC. Evolution of Anti-B Cell Therapeutics in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:691-710. [PMID: 35182380 PMCID: PMC9294112 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells have an ever-increasing role in the etiopathology of a number of autoimmune neurological disorders, acting as antigen-presenting cells facilitating antibody production but also as sensors, coordinators, and regulators of the immune response. In particular, B cells can regulate the T cell activation process through their participation in antigen presentation, production of proinflammatory cytokines (bystander activation or suppression), and contribution to ectopic lymphoid aggregates. Such an important interplay between B and T cells makes therapeutic depletion of B cells an attractive treatment strategy. The last decade, anti-B cell therapies using monoclonal antibodies against B cell surface molecules have evolved into a rational approach for successfully treating autoimmune neurological disorders, even when T cells seem to be the main effector cells. The paper summarizes basic aspects of B cell biology, discusses the roles of B cells in neurological autoimmunities, and highlights how the currently available or under development anti-B cell therapeutics exert their action in the wide spectrum and immunologically diverse neurological disorders. The efficacy of the various anti-B cell therapies and practical issues on induction and maintenance therapy is specifically detailed for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis-spectrum disorders, autoimmune encephalitis and hyperexcitability CNS disorders, autoimmune neuropathies, myasthenia gravis, and inflammatory myopathies. The success of anti-B cell therapies in inducing long-term remission in IgG4 neuroautoimmunities is also highlighted pointing out potential biomarkers for follow-up infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Stathopoulos
- 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos C Dalakas
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Smulski CR, Zhang L, Burek M, Teixidó Rubio A, Briem JS, Sica MP, Sevdali E, Vigolo M, Willen L, Odermatt P, Istanbullu D, Herr S, Cavallari M, Hess H, Rizzi M, Eibel H, Schneider P. Ligand-independent oligomerization of TACI is controlled by the transmembrane domain and regulates proliferation of activated B cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110583. [PMID: 35354034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In mature B cells, TACI controls class-switch recombination and differentiation into plasma cells during T cell-independent antibody responses. TACI binds the ligands BAFF and APRIL. Approximately 10% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) carry TACI mutations, of which A181E and C172Y are in the transmembrane domain. Residues A181 and C172 are located on distinct sides of the transmembrane helix, which is predicted by molecular modeling to spontaneously assemble into trimers and dimers. In human B cells, these mutations impair ligand-dependent (C172Y) and -independent (A181E) TACI multimerization and signaling, as well as TACI-enhanced proliferation and/or IgA production. Genetic inactivation of TACI in primary human B cells impaired survival of CpG-activated cells in the absence of ligand. These results identify the transmembrane region of TACI as an active interface for TACI multimerization in signal transduction, in particular for ligand-independent signals. These functions are perturbed by CVID-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R Smulski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida E- Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malte Burek
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ariadna Teixidó Rubio
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana-Susann Briem
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauricio P Sica
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida E- Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina; Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida E- Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Vigolo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Odermatt
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Duygu Istanbullu
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Herr
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Cavallari
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marta Rizzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Department of Rheumatology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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21
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Dregoesc MI, Ţigu AB, Bekkering S, van der Heijden CDCC, Bolboacǎ SD, Joosten LAB, Visseren FLJ, Netea MG, Riksen NP, Iancu AC. Relation Between Plasma Proteomics Analysis and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:731325. [PMID: 35211520 PMCID: PMC8861429 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.731325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the advances in the control of traditional risk factors, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to establish the relation between plasma proteomics analysis and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with stable CAD. Materials and Methods Patients with stable CAD and documented coronary atherosclerosis were screened for inclusion. Using proximity extension assays, 177 plasma proteins were simultaneously measured. The endpoint consisted of the first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and was the composite of cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or acute limb ischemia at 18 months follow-up. Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to identify biomarkers for the outcomes of interest. Results The cohort consisted of 229 patients. Six mediators were associated with MACE (p < 0.001). For these markers, the risk of MACE was calculated: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.30–2.10), C-C motif chemokine-3 (HR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.23–1.98), decorin (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.26–2.16), fibroblast growth factor-23 (HR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.23–1.99), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.23–2.11), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (HR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.25–2.29). Except for TRAIL-R2, the other proteins were associated with MACE independent of age, sex, diabetes mellitus, or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions In patients with stable CAD, five novel biomarkers were identified as independent risk factors for adverse outcomes. Novel biomarkers could represent pharmacological targets for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ioana Dregoesc
- Department of Cardiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Ţigu
- Medfuture—The Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sorana Daniela Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank L. J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Niels P. Riksen
| | - Adrian Corneliu Iancu
- Department of Cardiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Adrian Corneliu Iancu
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22
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Wong DP, Roy NK, Zhang K, Anukanth A, Asthana A, Shirkey-Son NJ, Dunmire S, Jones BJ, Lahr WS, Webber BR, Moriarity BS, Caimi P, Parameswaran R. A BAFF ligand-based CAR-T cell targeting three receptors and multiple B cell cancers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:217. [PMID: 35017485 PMCID: PMC8752722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) binds the three receptors BAFF-R, BCMA, and TACI, predominantly expressed on mature B cells. Almost all B cell cancers are reported to express at least one of these receptors. Here we develop a BAFF ligand-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and generate BAFF CAR-T cells using a non-viral gene delivery method. We show that BAFF CAR-T cells bind specifically to each of the three BAFF receptors and are effective at killing multiple B cell cancers, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in vitro and in vivo using different xenograft models. Co-culture of BAFF CAR-T cells with these tumor cells results in induction of activation marker CD69, degranulation marker CD107a, and multiple proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we report a ligand-based BAFF CAR-T capable of binding three different receptors, minimizing the potential for antigen escape in the treatment of B cell cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- B-Cell Activating Factor/genetics
- B-Cell Activating Factor/immunology
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/genetics
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/immunology
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/genetics
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/genetics
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/genetics
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Wong
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nand K Roy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anusha Anukanth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek Asthana
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walker S Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo Caimi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Reshmi Parameswaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Xiao F, Zheng L, Zhu X, Wu L, Zhao C, Wang S, Rui K, Zou H, Lu L. B cell-activating factor and its targeted therapy in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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25
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Alfaro R, Jaouad EKEB, Llorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Peña-Moral JDL, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Personalized Medicine for Kidney Transplantation: Association of Graft Survival and Acute Transplant Rejection with Genetic Variation in B Cell Activating Factor System Signaling. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:725-737. [PMID: 34714153 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) clinical outcomes are highly variable across patients and would benefit from predictive biomarkers to achieve personalized/precision medicine. The B cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling plays an essential role in B lymphocytes' homeostasis, and is implicated in activation and survival of B lymphocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BAFF system genes are therefore strong candidates to identify the genetic mechanisms underpinning variable clinical outcomes in KT. We report here new findings on BAFF system genetic polymorphisms in KT patients in relation to two key phenotypes of clinical interest: graft survival and acute rejection (AR). A total of 168 KT patients, of which 29 suffered AR, participated in this study. The BAFF system polymorphisms in five genes TNFSF13B, TNFSF13, TNFRSF13C, TNFRSF13B, and TNFRSF17 were characterized using TaqMan SNP genotyping. Patients with KT who had an AA genotype in polymorphism rs3803800 of the TNFSF13 gene had a higher risk of suffering AR (p = 0.046; odds ratios = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.02-11.2). Moreover, patients with AA genotype (rs3803800) in the TNFSF13 gene had a significantly lower AR-free time than the GG/GA genotypes (69.2% vs. 85.7%; p = 0.037). Of importance, bioinformatics analysis showed that the polymorphism rs3803800 could alter splicing regulation and affect the proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression levels. The analysis of graft survival did not show a significant association with the polymorphisms analyzed in this study. In conclusion, the rs3803800 genetic polymorphism from this study of BAFF system genes appears to display importance in AR-free time for KT patients, and thus, warrants further research in independent populations as a putative predictive biomarker of AR. These findings also inform future personalized/precision medicine efforts and functional genomic studies in KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - El Kaaoui El Band Jaouad
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Llorente
- Nephrology Service, and University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús de la Peña-Moral
- Pathology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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26
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Posttranslational modifications by ADAM10 shape myeloid antigen-presenting cell homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111234118. [PMID: 34526403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111234118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains phenotypically and functionally distinct conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subpopulations, termed cDC1 and cDC2, which each can be divided into several smaller and less well-characterized subsets. Despite advances in understanding the complexity of cDC ontogeny by transcriptional programming, the significance of posttranslational modifications in controlling tissue-specific cDC subset immunobiology remains elusive. Here, we identified the cell-surface-expressed A-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) as an essential regulator of cDC1 and cDC2 homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Mice with a CD11c-specific deletion of ADAM10 (ADAM10ΔCD11c) exhibited a complete loss of splenic ESAMhi cDC2A because ADAM10 regulated the commitment, differentiation, and survival of these cells. The major pathways controlled by ADAM10 in ESAMhi cDC2A are Notch, signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival (e.g., mTOR, PI3K/AKT, and EIF2 signaling), and EBI2-mediated localization within the MZ. In addition, we discovered that ADAM10 is a molecular switch regulating cDC2 subset heterogeneity in the spleen, as the disappearance of ESAMhi cDC2A in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice was compensated for by the emergence of a Clec12a+ cDC2B subset closely resembling cDC2 generally found in peripheral lymph nodes. Moreover, in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice, terminal differentiation of cDC1 was abrogated, resulting in severely reduced splenic Langerin+ cDC1 numbers. Next to the disturbed splenic cDC compartment, ADAM10 deficiency on CD11c+ cells led to an increase in marginal metallophilic macrophage (MMM) numbers. In conclusion, our data identify ADAM10 as a molecular hub on both cDC and MMM regulating their transcriptional programming, turnover, homeostasis, and ability to shape the anatomical niche of the MZ.
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Engh JA, Ueland T, Agartz I, Andreou D, Aukrust P, Boye B, Bøen E, Drange OK, Elvsåshagen T, Hope S, Høegh MC, Joa I, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Lagerberg TV, Lekva T, Malt UF, Melle I, Morken G, Nærland T, Steen VM, Wedervang-Resell K, Weibell MA, Westlye LT, Djurovic S, Steen NE, Andreassen OA. Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:37-46. [PMID: 34499169 PMCID: PMC8781325 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis (SCZ), bipolar spectrum disorder (BIP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The cytokines B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Abnormal levels of BAFF and APRIL have been found in autoimmune diseases with CNS affection. METHODS We investigated if plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL differed between patients with SCZ, BIP, and MDD with psychotic symptoms (n = 2009) and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 1212), and tested for associations with psychotic symptom load, controlling for sociodemographic status, antipsychotic and other psychotropic medication, smoking, body-mass-index, and high sensitivity CRP. RESULTS Plasma APRIL level was significantly lower across all patient groups compared to HC (P < .001; Cohen's d = 0.33), and in SCZ compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.28) and in BIP compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.37). Lower plasma APRIL was associated with higher psychotic symptom load with nominal significance (P = .017), but not with any other clinical characteristics. Plasma BAFF was not significantly different across patient groups vs HC, but significantly higher in BIP compared to HC (P = .040; d = 0.12) and SCZ (P = .027; d = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS These results show aberrant levels of BAFF and APRIL and association with psychotic symptoms in patients with SCZ and BIP. This suggest that dysregulation of the TNF system, mediated by BAFF and APRIL, is involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abel Engh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Vestfold Hospital Trust, Division of Mental health and Addiction, Tønsberg, Norway,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway; tel: 023-02-73-50 (022-11-78-43 dir), fax: 023-02-73-33,
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Troms, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Bøen
- Psychosomatic and Consultation-liason Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Neuro Habilitation, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margrethe Collier Høegh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Nærland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oslo, Norway,Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Martin Steen
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melissa Auten Weibell
- TIPS, Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Tjelta Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Meinl E, Krumbholz M. Endogenous soluble receptors sBCMA and sTACI: biomarker, immunoregulator and hurdle for therapy in multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:117-123. [PMID: 34330018 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BAFF and APRIL regulate B cell homeostasis by binding to their three receptors BAFFR, BCMA and TACI. The complexity of this system is further increased by shedding of these three receptors; this reduces signaling due to the display of less surface receptors. Further, soluble forms, sBCMA and sTACI, were detected in body fluids and serve as biomarker in malignancies, autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies. sBCMA and sTACI function as decoys blocking BAFF and APRIL. BCMA is a promising therapeutic target in multiple myeloma, but sBCMA may reduce therapeutic activity of CAR T cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. Insights into the biochemical mechanism of shedding of BCMA can be harnessed to improve BCMA-directed therapy by blocking its shedding with a γ-secretase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Sevdali E, Block Saldana V, Speletas M, Eibel H. BAFF receptor polymorphisms and deficiency in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:103-110. [PMID: 34311146 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is a member of the TNF-receptor family. It is expressed only by B cells and binds BAFF as single ligand, which activates key signaling pathways regulating essential cellular functions, including survival, protein synthesis, and metabolic fitness. In humans, BAFFR deficiency interrupts B cell development at the transition from immature to mature B cells and causes B lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired humoral immune responses. Polymorphisms in TNFRSF13C gene affecting BAFFR oligomerization and signaling have been described in patients with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and B cell lymphomas. Despite a uniform expression pattern of BAFFR in peripheral mature B cells, depletion of BAFF with neutralizing antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not affect the survival of switched memory B cells. These findings imply a distinct dependency of mature B cell subsets on BAFF/BAFFR interaction and highlight the contribution of BAFFR-derived signals in peripheral B cell development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Block Saldana
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Piantoni S, Regola F, Masneri S, Merletti M, Lowin T, Airò P, Tincani A, Franceschini F, Andreoli L, Pongratz G. Characterization of B- and T-Cell Compartment and B-Cell Related Factors Belonging to the TNF/TNFR Superfamily in Patients With Clinically Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Baseline BAFF Serum Levels Are the Strongest Predictor of Response to Belimumab after Twelve Months of Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666971. [PMID: 34093196 PMCID: PMC8176088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor (R) superfamily member, e.g. BAFF (B lymphocyte stimulator). Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody against soluble BAFF, is used for treatment of SLE. Although B cells are the main target, a BAFF-dependent T-cell activation pathway also plays a role. High levels of anti-DNA antibodies and low complement at baseline are known predictors of response to Belimumab. Objectives: To explore the association of circulating lymphocytes and serum levels of B- cell related TNF/TNFR superfamily members with response to Belimumab in SLE patients. Methods: Twenty-one SLE patients received Belimumab. Clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were performed at baseline, at 6 and 12 months. TNF super-family members (BAFF, APRIL, sBCMA, sCD40L, sTACI, TWEAK) were tested by high-sensitivity ELISA in all patients, and lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry in ten subjects. SLE-disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K score. Linear regression modeling was used to investigate parameters influencing SLEDAI-2K and anti-dsDNA antibody titers over time and for predictive models. Results: Clinical improvement was observed in all patients. A global reduction of circulating B cells, especially naïve, was detected, without variation in the T-cell compartment. All TNF family members decreased, whereas APRIL remained constant. The increase in serum levels of C3 (p = 0.0004) and sTACI (p = 0.0285) was associated with a decrease of SLEDAI-2K. The increase of C4 (p = 0.027) and sBCMA (p = 0.0015) and the increase of CD8+ T cells (p = 0.0160) were associated with a decrease, whereas an increase of sCD40L in serum (p = 0.0018) and increased number of CD4+ T cells (p = 0.0029) were associated with an increase, in anti-dsDNA antibody titers, respectively. Using stepwise forward inclusion, the minimal model to predict SLEDAI-2K response at 12 months included BAFF (p = 3.0e − 07) and SLEDAI-2K (p = 7.0e − 04) at baseline. Baseline APRIL levels also showed an association, although the overall model fit was weaker. Conclusion: In our real-life cohort, baseline serum levels of BAFF were the best predictor of response to Belimumab, confirming post-hoc results of the BLISS study and suggesting the utility of this particular biomarker for the identification of patients who are more likely to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Regola
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Masneri
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Merletti
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Torsten Lowin
- Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Center for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paolo Airò
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Georg Pongratz
- Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Center for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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ADAM9 enhances Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmunity by activating TGF-β1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023230118. [PMID: 33911034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteinases alter the extracellular environment and are involved in the development of T cells and autoimmunity. The role of ADAM family members in Th17 cell differentiation is unknown. We identified ADAM9 to be specifically expressed and to promote Th17 differentiation. Mechanistically, we found that ADAM9 cleaved the latency-associated peptide to produce bioactive transforming growth factor β1, which promoted SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and activation. A transcription factor inducible cAMP early repressor was found to bind directly to the ADAM9 promoter and to promote its transcription. Adam9-deficient mice displayed mitigated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and transfer of Adam9-deficient myelin oligodendrocyte globulin-specific T cells into Rag1 -/- mice failed to induce disease. At the translational level, an increased abundance of ADAM9 levels was observed in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and ADAM9 gene deletion in lupus primary CD4+ T cells clearly attenuated their ability to differentiate into Th17 cells. These findings revealed that ADAM9 as a proteinase provides Th17 cells with an ability to activate transforming growth factor β1 and accelerates its differentiation, resulting in aberrant autoimmunity.
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32
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Micheau O, Rizzi M, Smulski CR. Editorial: TNFR Superfamily Oligomerization and Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682472. [PMID: 33959618 PMCID: PMC8093801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, LNC, UMR 1231, Dijon, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian R Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Bariloche Atomic Centre Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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33
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Hinterleitner C, Zhou Y, Tandler C, Heitmann JS, Kropp KN, Hinterleitner M, Koch A, Hartkopf AD, Zender L, Salih HR, Maurer S. Platelet-Expressed TNFRSF13B (TACI) Predicts Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642170. [PMID: 33816291 PMCID: PMC8010255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treatment options in breast cancer have been improved significantly, predictive biomarkers for disease progression and metastasis are still lacking. Recent studies indicate that several TNF Receptor Superfamily members are involved in breast cancer cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, TNFRSF13B (TACI) mRNA level were of prognostic relevance in breast cancer patients. In this study we provide evidence for TACI expression on platelets of breast cancer patients. The level of platelet-expressed TACI (pTACI) was significantly increased on platelets derived from breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Upon platelet activation, pTACI was downregulated on the platelet surface of healthy donors and breast cancer patients. Of note, inhibition of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) prevented downregulation of pTACI ex vivo, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of pTACI is responsible for reduction of pTACI level. Stimulation of pTACI via BAFF, BAFF 60-mer or APRIL did not influence platelet activation and function. Remarkably, pTACI was particularly regulated during tumor progression in our breast cancer cohort. TACI expression levels on platelets were correlated with clinical parameters including tumor stage, occurrence of metastasis and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67). In conclusion, our data emphasize the potential use of platelets as a liquid biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian N Kropp
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Matson EM, Abyazi ML, Bell KA, Hayes KM, Maglione PJ. B Cell Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622114. [PMID: 33613556 PMCID: PMC7892472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequently diagnosed primary antibody deficiency. About half of CVID patients develop chronic non-infectious complications thought to be due to intrinsic immune dysregulation, including autoimmunity, gastrointestinal disease, and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Multiple studies have found ILD to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in CVID. Yet, the precise mechanisms underlying this complication in CVID are poorly understood. CVID ILD is marked by profound pulmonary infiltration of both T and B cells as well as granulomatous inflammation in many cases. B cell depletive therapy, whether done as a monotherapy or in combination with another immunosuppressive agent, has become a standard of therapy for CVID ILD. However, CVID is a heterogeneous disorder, as is its lung pathology, and the precise patients that would benefit from B cell depletive therapy, when it should administered, and how long it should be repeated all remain gaps in our knowledge. Moreover, some have ILD recurrence after B cell depletive therapy and the relative importance of B cell biology remains incompletely defined. Developmental and functional abnormalities of B cell compartments observed in CVID ILD and related conditions suggest that imbalance of B cell signaling networks may promote lung disease. Included within these potential mechanisms of disease is B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine that is upregulated by the interferon gamma (IFN-γ):STAT1 signaling axis to potently influence B cell activation and survival. B cell responses to BAFF are shaped by the divergent effects and expression patterns of its three receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Moreover, soluble forms of BAFF-R, TACI, and BCMA exist and may further influence the pathogenesis of ILD. Continued efforts to understand how dysregulated B cell biology promotes ILD development and progression will help close the gap in our understanding of how to best diagnose, define, and manage ILD in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Matson
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miranda L Abyazi
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayla A Bell
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M Hayes
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul J Maglione
- Pulmonary Center, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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35
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Robinson T, Abdelhak A, Bose T, Meinl E, Otto M, Zettl UK, Dersch R, Tumani H, Rauer S, Huss A. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Relation to MRZ Reaction Status in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122543. [PMID: 33255854 PMCID: PMC7761295 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRZ reaction (MRZR) comprises the three antibody indices (AIs) against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus, reflecting an intrathecal polyspecific B cell response highly specific for multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, MRZR can be used to confirm a diagnosis of primary progressive MS (PPMS) but its pathophysiological and wider clinical relevance is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether PPMS patients with a positive MRZR (MRZR+) differ from those with a negative MRZR (MRZR-) according to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of B cell activity, neuroaxonal damage or glial activity, and clinical features. (1) Methods: In a multicenter PPMS cohort (n = 81) with known MRZR status, we measured B cell-activating factor (BAFF), chemokine CXC ligand 13 (CXCL-13), soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA), soluble transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (sTACI), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the CSF with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were detected in serum and CSF using single molecule array (SIMOA) technology. (2) Results: MRZR+ patients (45.7% of all PPMS patients) revealed higher levels of NfL in CSF compared to MRZR- patients (54.3%). There were positive correlations between each of sBCMA, sTACI, and intrathecal immunoglobin G (IgG) synthesis. Additionally, NfL concentrations in serum positively correlated with those in CSF and those of GFAP in serum. However, MRZR+ and MRZR- patients did not differ concerning clinical features (e.g., age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at diagnosis and follow-up); CSF routine parameters; CSF concentrations of BAFF, CXCL-13, sBCMA, sTACI, CHI3L1, and GFAP; or serum concentrations of GFAP and NfL. (3) Conclusions: In PPMS patients, MRZR positivity might indicate a more pronounced axonal damage. Higher levels of the soluble B cell receptors BCMA and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) in CSF are associated with a stronger intrathecal IgG synthesis in PPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Robinson
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; (T.R.); (R.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (M.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Tanima Bose
- Biomedical Center and Klinikum Grosshadern, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Biomedical Center and Klinikum Grosshadern, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (T.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (M.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Uwe K. Zettl
- Neuroimmunological Section, Department of Neurology, Medical Center of the University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Rick Dersch
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; (T.R.); (R.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (M.O.); (A.H.)
- Specialty Hospital Dietenbronn, 88477 Schwendi, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Rauer
- Clinic of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany; (T.R.); (R.D.); (S.R.)
| | - André Huss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.A.); (M.O.); (A.H.)
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Eslami M, Meinl E, Eibel H, Willen L, Donzé O, Distl O, Schneider H, Speiser DE, Tsiantoulas D, Yalkinoglu Ö, Samy E, Schneider P. BAFF 60-mer, and Differential BAFF 60-mer Dissociating Activities in Human Serum, Cord Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577662. [PMID: 33240880 PMCID: PMC7677505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF/BLyS), an essential B cell survival factor of which circulating levels are elevated in several autoimmune disorders, is targeted in the clinic for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The soluble form of BAFF can exist as 3-mer, or as 60-mer that results from the ordered assembly of twenty 3-mers and that can be obtained from naturally cleaved membrane-bound BAFF or made as a recombinant protein. However, which forms of soluble BAFF exist and act in humans is unclear. In this study, BAFF 3-mer and 60-mer in biological fluids were characterized for size, activity and response to specific stimulators or inhibitors of BAFF. Human cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis and adult human sera contained exclusively BAFF 3-mer in these assays, also when BAFF concentrations were moderately SLE or highly (BAFFR-deficient individual) increased. Human sera, but not CSF, contained a high molecular weight, saturable activity that dissociated preformed recombinant BAFF 60-mer into 3-mer. This activity was lower in cord blood. Cord blood displayed BAFF levels 10-fold higher than in adults and consistently contained a fair proportion of active high molecular weight BAFF able to dissociate into 3-mer but not endowed with all properties of recombinant BAFF 60-mer. If BAFF 60-mer is produced in humans, it is dissociated, or at least attenuated in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Eslami
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holm Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Özkan Yalkinoglu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Quantitative Pharmacology, Translational Medicine, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eileen Samy
- Business of Merck KGaA, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and PD1, both of which are members of the CD28 family. In autoimmunity, these same pathways can be targeted to opposite effect: to curb the over-exuberant immune response. The CTLA4 checkpoint serves as an exemplar, whereby CTLA4 activity is blocked by antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and augmented by the provision of soluble CTLA4 in autoimmunity. Here, we review the targeting of co-stimulatory molecules in autoimmune diseases, focusing in particular on agents directed at members of the CD28 or tumour necrosis factor receptor families. We present the state of the art in co-stimulatory blockade approaches, including rational combinations of immune inhibitory agents, and discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Kampa M, Notas G, Stathopoulos EN, Tsapis A, Castanas E. The TNFSF Members APRIL and BAFF and Their Receptors TACI, BCMA, and BAFFR in Oncology, With a Special Focus in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:827. [PMID: 32612943 PMCID: PMC7308424 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 ligands and 29 receptors and is related to multiple cellular events from proliferation and differentiation to apoptosis and tumor reduction. In this review, we overview the whole system, and we focus on A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL, TNFSF13) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF, TNFSF13B) and their receptors transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator (CAML) interactor (TACI, TNFRSF13B), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA, TNFRSF17), and BAFF receptor (BAFFR, TNFRSF13C). We explore their role in cancer and novel biological therapies introduced for multiple myeloma and further focus on breast cancer, in which the modulation of this system seems to be of potential interest, as a novel therapeutic target. Finally, we discuss some precautions which should be taken into consideration, while targeting the APRIL–BAFF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklon, Greece
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Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Cruz A, Marín-Rosales M, Muñoz-Valle JF. Analysis of the receptor BCMA as a biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6236. [PMID: 32277232 PMCID: PMC7148319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play central roles in B cell development and maturation. Soluble forms of their receptors can be generated by proteolytic cleavage; however, their physiological and clinical roles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the receptor soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and clinical variables in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA for 129 SLE patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs), and the expression of the receptor BCMA was evaluated on B and plasma cells from 40 subjects. SLE patients showed aberrant expression of the receptor BCMA on B and plasma cells. Soluble levels of the receptor sBCMA and its ligands sAPRIL and sBAFF were increased in SLE patients compared with HCs. Additionally, sBCMA (rs = 0.6177) and sAPRIL (rs = 0.4952) correlated strongly with disease activity. Active SLE patients who achieved low disease activity showed decreased sBCMA (53.30 vs 35.30 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and sBAFF (4.48 vs 2.27 ng/mL; p < 0.05) serum levels after treatment, while sAPRIL expression remained unchanged. At a cutoff value of 22.40 ng/mL, sAPRIL showed high sensitivity (96.12%) and specificity (94.12%) for discrimination between HCs and SLE patients, while sBAFF showed lower sensitivity (82.2%) but higher specificity (94.1%) at a cutoff of 1.195 ng/mL. Relatively high levels of sAPRIL and sBCMA clustered active SLE patients. The receptor sBCMA could be a potential biomarker of disease activity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Department of Rheumatology, West Medical Hospital, Ministry of Health, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Smith TM, Tharakan A, Martin RK. Targeting ADAM10 in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:499. [PMID: 32265938 PMCID: PMC7105615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating inhibitors for A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), a zinc-dependent protease, was heavily invested in by the pharmaceutical industry starting over 20 years ago. There has been much enthusiasm in basic research for these inhibitors, with a multitude of studies generating significant data, yet the clinical trials have not replicated the same results. ADAM10 is ubiquitously expressed and cleaves many important substrates such as Notch, PD-L1, EGFR/HER ligands, ICOS-L, TACI, and the "stress related molecules" MIC-A, MIC-B and ULBPs. This review goes through the most recent pre-clinical data with inhibitors as well as clinical data supporting the use of ADAM10 inhibitor use in cancer and autoimmunity. It additionally addresses how ADAM10 inhibitor therapy can be improved and if inhibitor therapy can be paired with other drug treatments to maximize effectiveness in various disease states. Finally, it examines the ADAM10 substrates that are important to each disease state and if any of these substrates or ADAM10 itself is a potential biomarker for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Heib M, Rose-John S, Adam D. Necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 353:83-152. [PMID: 32381179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an unexpected connection between necroptosis and members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protease family has been reported. Necroptosis represents an important cell death routine which helps to protect from viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, maintains adult T cell homeostasis and contributes to the elimination of potentially defective organisms before parturition. Equally important for organismal homeostasis, ADAM proteases control cellular processes such as development and differentiation, immune responses or tissue regeneration. Notably, necroptosis as well as ADAM proteases have been implicated in the control of inflammatory responses in the intestine. In this review, we therefore provide an overview of the physiology and pathophysiology of necroptosis, ADAM proteases and intestinal (dys)function, discuss the contribution of necroptosis and ADAMs to intestinal (dys)function, and review the current knowledge on the role of ADAMs in necroptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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The activation of BAFF/APRIL system in spleen and lymph nodes of Plasmodium falciparum infected patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3865. [PMID: 32123265 PMCID: PMC7052189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported activation of the B cell-activating factor (BAFF)/a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) system in T independent immunity against malaria infection. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infected animal model is not feasible. Therefore, little is known about the occurrence of BAFF/APRIL system and changes in falciparum lymphoid tissues. This study aimed to investigate the expression of BAFF/APRIL system components in lymphoid tissues from P. falciparum infected patients. Spleen and lymph node samples from 14 patients were collected at autopsy. Normal spleens and bacterially infected tonsils served as controls. The protein and/or mRNA expression of BAFF/APRIL and their cognate receptors, BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA, were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR, respectively. The spleens of the patients exhibited significantly higher BAFF-R protein expression than normal spleens. Although without appropriate control, BCMA protein was markedly observed only in the lymph nodes. BAFF and BCMA mRNA levels were also significantly elevated in the spleen tissues of the patients compared with normal spleens. The overall BAFF-R protein levels in the lymphoid tissues of the patients correlated positively with parasitaemia. These findings are the first to confirm that BAFF/APRIL system activation in lymphoid tissues and is positively correlated with the parasitaemia levels in falciparum malaria.
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Lownik JC, Wimberly JL, Takahashi-Ruiz L, Martin RK. B cell ADAM17 controls T cell independent humoral immune responses through regulation of TACI and CD138. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:442-447. [PMID: 31771880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ADAM17 is known to contribute to the immune system through its shedding of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). However, the role of ADAM17 in B cell biology is not well characterized. To determine whether B cell ADAM17 contributes to T cell-independent humoral immune responses, we crossed CD19 Cre transgenic mice with mice bearing a floxed allele of ADAM17 (ADAM17CD19). In this study, we show a B cell intrinsic role for ADAM17 in regulating marginal zone B cell (MZB) numbers in mice. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the loss of B cell ADAM17 results in reduced MZB numbers in the naïve state and after immunization with T-independent antigen, yet enhanced humoral immunity to T cell independent antigens. We additionally find elevated TACI and CD138 levels on plasma cells following immunization in ADAM17CD19 mice. Overall, these findings suggest that B cell ADAM17 may orchestrate T independent immune responses through both MZB numbers and plasma cell antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jessica L Wimberly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Leila Takahashi-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Jackson SW, Davidson A. BAFF inhibition in SLE-Is tolerance restored? Immunol Rev 2019; 292:102-119. [PMID: 31562657 PMCID: PMC6935406 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor, belimumab, is the first biologic drug approved for the treatment of SLE, and exhibits modest, but durable, efficacy in decreasing disease flares and organ damage. BAFF and its homolog APRIL are TNF-like cytokines that support the survival and differentiation of B cells at distinct developmental stages. BAFF is a crucial survival factor for transitional and mature B cells that acts as rheostat for the maturation of low-affinity autoreactive cells. In addition, BAFF augments innate B cell responses via complex interactions with the B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll like receptor (TLR) pathways. In this manner, BAFF impacts autoreactive B cell activation via extrafollicular pathways and fine tunes affinity selection within germinal centers (GC). Finally, BAFF and APRIL support plasma cell survival, with differential impacts on IgM- and IgG-producing populations. Therapeutically, BAFF and combined BAFF/APRIL inhibition delays disease onset in diverse murine lupus strains, although responsiveness to BAFF inhibition is model dependent, in keeping with heterogeneity in clinical responses to belimumab treatment in humans. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby BAFF/APRIL signals promote autoreactive B cell activation, discuss whether altered selection accounts for therapeutic benefits of BAFF inhibition, and address whether new insights into BAFF/APRIL family complexity can be exploited to improve human lupus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Mulazzani M, Huber M, Borchard S, Langer S, Angele B, Schuh E, Meinl E, Dreyling M, Birnbaum T, Straube A, Koedel U, von Baumgarten L. APRIL and BAFF: novel biomarkers for central nervous system lymphoma. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:102. [PMID: 31615554 PMCID: PMC6792247 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of CNS lymphoma (CNSL) is essential for successful therapy of this rapidly progressing brain tumor. However, in patients presenting with focal brain lesions, fast and reliable diagnosis of PCNSL remains a challenge. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF) are important factors in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of systemic B cell malignancies. However, their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CNSL and their effects on CNSL cells remain unclear. Methods In this prospective study, we analyzed the levels of APRIL and BAFF in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 116 patients with suspected focal brain lesions, including 53 CNSL patients. Additionally, we serially measured their levels during chemotherapy and relapse. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of APRIL and BAFF on two B cell lymphoma cell lines using proliferation, viability, and chemotaxis assays. Results CSF levels of APRIL and BAFF reliably differentiated CNSL from other focal brain lesions (including primary and metastatic brain tumors, autoimmune-inflammatory lesions, and neuroinfectious lesions) with a specificity of 93.7% (APRIL, BAFF) and a sensitivity of 62.3% (APRIL) and 47.1% (BAFF). Serial CSF analysis of CNSL patients during chemotherapy and relapse demonstrates a close correlation of APRIL CSF levels and the course of this disease. In vitro, APRIL and BAFF showed anti-apoptotic effects during MTX treatment and mediated chemotaxis of malignant B cells. Conclusion This study extends the spectrum of valuable diagnostic biomarkers in CNSL. In patients with focal brain lesions, measurement of APRIL in CSF could help accelerating the diagnosis of CNSL. Moreover, our results highlight an important role of APRIL and BAFF in the pathophysiology of CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Huber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Langer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Angele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schuh
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Birnbaum
- Department of Neurology, HELIOS Amper-Hospital Dachau, Dachau, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Acs A, Adam D, Adam-Klages S, Agace WW, Aghaeepour N, Akdis M, Allez M, Almeida LN, Alvisi G, Anderson G, Andrä I, Annunziato F, Anselmo A, Bacher P, Baldari CT, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Battistini L, Bauer W, Baumgart S, Baumgarth N, Baumjohann D, Baying B, Bebawy M, Becher B, Beisker W, Benes V, Beyaert R, Blanco A, Boardman DA, Bogdan C, Borger JG, Borsellino G, Boulais PE, Bradford JA, Brenner D, Brinkman RR, Brooks AES, Busch DH, Büscher M, Bushnell TP, Calzetti F, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cao X, Cardell SL, Casola S, Cassatella MA, Cavani A, Celada A, Chatenoud L, Chattopadhyay PK, Chow S, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Clerici M, Colombo FS, Cook L, Cooke A, Cooper AM, Corbett AJ, Cosma A, Cosmi L, Coulie PG, Cumano A, Cvetkovic L, Dang VD, Dang-Heine C, Davey MS, Davies D, De Biasi S, Del Zotto G, Cruz GVD, Delacher M, Bella SD, Dellabona P, Deniz G, Dessing M, Di Santo JP, Diefenbach A, Dieli F, Dolf A, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dudziak D, Dustin M, Dutertre CA, Ebner F, Eckle SBG, Edinger M, Eede P, Ehrhardt GR, Eich M, Engel P, Engelhardt B, Erdei A, Esser C, Everts B, Evrard M, Falk CS, Fehniger TA, Felipo-Benavent M, Ferry H, Feuerer M, Filby A, Filkor K, Fillatreau S, Follo M, Förster I, Foster J, Foulds GA, Frehse B, Frenette PS, Frischbutter S, Fritzsche W, Galbraith DW, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Gaudilliere B, Gazzinelli RT, Geginat J, Gerner W, Gherardin NA, Ghoreschi K, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Goda K, Godfrey DI, Goettlinger C, González-Navajas JM, Goodyear CS, Gori A, Grogan JL, Grummitt D, Grützkau A, Haftmann C, Hahn J, Hammad H, Hämmerling G, Hansmann L, Hansson G, Harpur CM, Hartmann S, Hauser A, Hauser AE, Haviland DL, Hedley D, Hernández DC, Herrera G, Herrmann M, Hess C, Höfer T, Hoffmann P, Hogquist K, Holland T, Höllt T, Holmdahl R, Hombrink P, Houston JP, Hoyer BF, Huang B, Huang FP, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hunter CA, Hwang WYK, Iannone A, Ingelfinger F, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Jávega B, Jonjic S, Kaiser T, Kalina T, Kamradt T, Kaufmann SHE, Keller B, Ketelaars SLC, Khalilnezhad A, Khan S, Kisielow J, Klenerman P, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kolls JK, Kong WT, Kopf M, Korn T, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Kroneis T, Krueger A, Kühne J, Kukat C, Kunkel D, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kurosaki T, Kurts C, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Landry J, Lantz O, Lanuti P, LaRosa F, Lehuen A, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Leipold MD, Leung LY, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Litwin V, Liu Y, Ljunggren HG, Lohoff M, Lombardi G, Lopez L, López-Botet M, Lovett-Racke AE, Lubberts E, Luche H, Ludewig B, Lugli E, Lunemann S, Maecker HT, Maggi L, Maguire O, Mair F, Mair KH, Mantovani A, Manz RA, Marshall AJ, Martínez-Romero A, Martrus G, Marventano I, Maslinski W, Matarese G, Mattioli AV, Maueröder C, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, McGrath M, McGuire HM, McInnes IB, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Miller SD, Mills KH, Minderman H, Mjösberg J, Moore J, Moran B, Moretta L, Mosmann TR, Müller S, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Münz C, Nakayama T, Nasi M, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Nourshargh S, Núñez G, O’Connor JE, Ochel A, Oja A, Ordonez D, Orfao A, Orlowski-Oliver E, Ouyang W, Oxenius A, Palankar R, Panse I, Pattanapanyasat K, Paulsen M, Pavlinic D, Penter L, Peterson P, Peth C, Petriz J, Piancone F, Pickl WF, Piconese S, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Podolska MJ, Poon Z, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pucillo CEM, Quataert SA, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Radstake TRDJ, Rahmig S, Rahn HP, Rajwa B, Ravichandran G, Raz Y, Rebhahn JA, Recktenwald D, Reimer D, e Sousa CR, Remmerswaal EB, Richter L, Rico LG, Riddell A, Rieger AM, Robinson JP, Romagnani C, Rubartelli A, Ruland J, Saalmüller A, Saeys Y, Saito T, Sakaguchi S, de-Oyanguren FS, Samstag Y, Sanderson S, Sandrock I, Santoni A, Sanz RB, Saresella M, Sautes-Fridman C, Sawitzki B, Schadt L, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schimisky E, Schlitzer A, Schlosser J, Schmid S, Schmitt S, Schober K, Schraivogel D, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulte R, Schulz AR, Schulz SR, Scottá C, Scott-Algara D, Sester DP, Shankey TV, Silva-Santos B, Simon AK, Sitnik KM, Sozzani S, Speiser DE, Spidlen J, Stahlberg A, Stall AM, Stanley N, Stark R, Stehle C, Steinmetz T, Stockinger H, Takahama Y, Takeda K, Tan L, Tárnok A, Tiegs G, Toldi G, Tornack J, Traggiai E, Trebak M, Tree TI, Trotter J, Trowsdale J, Tsoumakidou M, Ulrich H, Urbanczyk S, van de Veen W, van den Broek M, van der Pol E, Van Gassen S, Van Isterdael G, van Lier RA, Veldhoen M, Vento-Asturias S, Vieira P, Voehringer D, Volk HD, von Borstel A, von Volkmann K, Waisman A, Walker RV, Wallace PK, Wang SA, Wang XM, Ward MD, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Warnes G, Warth S, Waskow C, Watson JV, Watzl C, Wegener L, Weisenburger T, Wiedemann A, Wienands J, Wilharm A, Wilkinson RJ, Willimsky G, Wing JB, Winkelmann R, Winkler TH, Wirz OF, Wong A, Wurst P, Yang JHM, Yang J, Yazdanbakhsh M, Yu L, Yue A, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Ziegler SM, Zielinski C, Zimmermann J, Zychlinsky A. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition). Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1457-1973. [PMID: 31633216 PMCID: PMC7350392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201970107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Acs
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Adam-Klages
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - William W. Agace
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine; Biomedical Data Sciences; and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, and Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis – APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Giorgia Alvisi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bianka Baying
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Beisker
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University - VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Flow Cytometry Core Technologies, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica G. Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E. Boulais
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Dirk Brenner
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense, Denmark
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ryan R. Brinkman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna E. S. Brooks
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Center, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Focus Group “Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Büscher
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Timothy P. Bushnell
- Department of Pediatrics and Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Federica Calzetti
- University of Verona, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Susanna L. Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Casola
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (FOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- University of Verona, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology Group, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | | | - Sue Chow
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea M. Cooper
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Cosma
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre G. Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Cumano
- Unit Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ljiljana Cvetkovic
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang-Heine
- Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology – DanStem, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Delacher
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Günnur Deniz
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunty Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Dieli
- University of Palermo, Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreas Dolf
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Eich
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Engel
- University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, University L. Eotvos, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Esser
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mar Felipo-Benavent
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helen Ferry
- Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Filby
- The Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Universitaetsklinikum FreiburgLighthouse Core Facility, Zentrum für Translationale Zellforschung, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Britta Frehse
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Paul S. Frenette
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Nanobiophotonics Department, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - David W. Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Honorary Dean of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Stanford Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, Laboratory of Immunopatology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Mecicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM - Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Ronmeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jose M. González-Navajas
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrea Gori
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan
| | - Jane L. Grogan
- Cancer Immunology Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Leo Hansmann
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Goran Hansson
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hauser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David L. Haviland
- Flow Cytometry, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hedley
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela C. Hernández
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Herrera
- Cytometry Service, Incliva Foundation. Clinic Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Höfer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tristan Holland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Department of Intelligent Systems, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica P. Houston
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Bimba F. Hoyer
- Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin I und Exzellenzzentrum Entzündungsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine M Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Jávega
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Toralf Kaiser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven L. C. Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srijit Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kisielow
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- John W Deming Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendy Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny Kühne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Landry
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca LaRosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Institut Cochin, CNRS8104, INSERM1016, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael D. Leipold
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Y.T. Leung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Inst. f. Med. Mikrobiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, “Peter Gorer” Department of Immunobiology, London, UK
| | | | - Miguel López-Botet
- IMIM(Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy E. Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herve Luche
- Centre d’Immunophénomique - CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Aix Marseille Université (UMS3367), Inserm (US012), CNRS (UMS3367), Marseille, France
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Florian Mair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS and Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Aaron J. Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Marventano
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II and Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Lab of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Cell Clearance in Health and Disease Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mairi McGrath
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen M. McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, and Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Dept. of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern Univ. Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kingston H.G. Mills
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonni Moore
- Abramson Cancer Center Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barry Moran
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim R. Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susann Müller
- Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Institute for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Experimental Immune Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Antonia Niedobitek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José-Enrique O’Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aaron Ochel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Ordonez
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Cytometry Service, University of Salamanca, CIBERONC and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Orlowski-Oliver
- Burnet Institute, AMREP Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Inflammation and Oncology, Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabel Panse
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malte Paulsen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dinko Pavlinic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Peth
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Functional Cytomics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Federica Piancone
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Chromocyte Limited, Electric Works, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malgorzata Justyna Podolska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
- Department for Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Rheumatology and Immunology, AG Munoz, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sally A. Quataert
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Germany
| | - Tim R. D. J. Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susann Rahmig
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz-Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Rahn
- Preparative Flow Cytometry, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yotam Raz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan A. Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorothea Reimer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ester B.M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Richter
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Laura G. Rico
- Functional Cytomics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Andy Riddell
- Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Aja M. Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Francisco Sala de-Oyanguren
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Ludwig Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Immunology, Section of Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Sanderson
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ramon Bellmàs Sanz
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Schadt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josephine Schlosser
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmitt
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schraivogel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Schulte
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian R. Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristiano Scottá
- King’s College London, “Peter Gorer” Department of Immunobiology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Institut Pasteur, Cellular Lymphocytes Biology, Immunology Departement, Paris, France
| | - David P. Sester
- TRI Flow Cytometry Suite (TRI.fcs), Translational Research Institute, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Dept. Molecular Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Anders Stahlberg
- Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Natalie Stanley
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine; Biomedical Data Sciences; and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Stehle
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobit Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Departement for Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Tornack
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- BioGenes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- Novartis Biologics Center, Mechanistic Immunology Unit, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, NIBR, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Timothy I.M. Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | | | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center; Biomedical Engineering & Physics; Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - René A.W. van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Vieira
- Unit Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Core Unit ImmunoCheck
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Paul K. Wallace
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sa A. Wang
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin M. Wang
- The Scientific Platforms, the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the Westmead Research Hub, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gary Warnes
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary London University, London, UK
| | - Sarah Warth
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz-Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonie Wegener
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Weisenburger
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute for Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert John Wilkinson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Cooperation Unit for Experimental and Translational Cancer Immunology, Institute of Immunology (Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - James B. Wing
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rieke Winkelmann
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver F. Wirz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Peter Wurst
- University Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice Yue
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Susanne Maria Ziegler
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Zielinski
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (Department of Biomedical Research), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Malekzadeh A, Leurs C, van Wieringen W, Steenwijk MD, Schoonheim MM, Amann M, Naegelin Y, Kuhle J, Killestein J, Teunissen CE. Plasma proteome in multiple sclerosis disease progression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1582-1594. [PMID: 31364818 PMCID: PMC7651845 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis disease progression remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify differences in plasma proteome during different stages of MS disease progression. Methods We used a multiplex aptamer proteomics platform (Somalogic) for sensitive detection of 1129 proteins in plasma. MS patients were selected and categorized based on baseline and a 4‐year follow‐up EDSS (delta EDSS) scores; relapse‐onset (RO) slow progression (n = 31), RO with rapid progression (n = 29), primary progressive (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 20). The relation of baseline plasma protein levels with delta EDSS and different MRI progression parameters were assessed using linear regression models. Results Regression analyses of plasma proteins with delta EDSS showed six significant associations. Strong associations were found for the proteins LGLAS8 (P = 7.64 × 10−5, q = 0.06), CCL3 (P = 0.0001, q = 0.06), and RGMA (P = 0.0005, q = 0.09). In addition, associations of plasma proteins were found with percentage brain volume for C3 (P = 2,08 × 10−9, q = 1,70 × 10−6), FGF9 (P = 3,42 × 10−9, q = 1,70 × 10−6), and EHMT2 (P = 0.0007, q = 0.01). Most of the significant markers were associated with cell‐cell and cell‐extracellular matrix adhesion, immune system communication, immune system activation, and complement pathways. Conclusions Our results revealed eight novel biomarkers related to clinical and radiological progression in MS. These results indicate that changes in immune system, complement pathway and ECM remodeling proteins contribute to MS progression and may therefore be further explored for use in prognosis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Malekzadeh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyra Leurs
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wessel van Wieringen
- Department of Mathematics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn D Steenwijk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Amann
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC AG), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Naegelin
- Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Vincent FB, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Koelmeyer R, Hoi AY, Harris J, Mackay F, Morand EF. Analysis of serum B cell-activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and its soluble receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e01047. [PMID: 31024730 PMCID: PMC6475618 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the presence and clinical associations of the soluble receptors of B cell-activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Serum BAFF and soluble BAFF receptor (sBAFF-R) were quantified using ELISA, and soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (sTACI) by Luminex, in 87 SLE patients and 17 healthy controls (HC). Disease activity and organ damage were assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) SLE Damage Index (SDI), respectively. Results BAFF and all receptors were detectable in all serum samples. Serum sBCMA and sTACI, but not sBAFF-R, were significantly higher in SLE than in HC. Serum BAFF was also increased in SLE, but this association was attenuated after adjusting for age and ethnicity. Increased serum BAFF was associated with flare and organ damage. Increased serum sBCMA was associated with the presence of anti-dsDNA, but not with overall or organ-specific disease activity, flare or organ damage. Neither sTACI nor sBAFF-R was associated with any SLE clinical parameters in multivariable analysis. While serum BAFF correlated negatively with sBAFF-R in HC, no statistically significant correlations were observed between BAFF and its receptors in SLE patients. Conclusion Serum BAFF was associated with flare and organ damage independent of the presence of its soluble receptors. While sBCMA was associated with anti-dsDNA positivity, other soluble BAFF receptors were not associated with SLE clinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B Vincent
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Rachel Koelmeyer
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Alberta Y Hoi
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP) Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Rheumatology Research Group Centre for Inflammatory Diseases School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Heming M, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Brix T, Wolbert J, Ruland T, Klotz L, Meuth SG, Gross CC, Wiendl H, Meyer Zu Hörste G. Immune Cell Profiling of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Provides Pathogenetic Insights Into Inflammatory Neuropathies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:515. [PMID: 30984164 PMCID: PMC6448021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Utilize immune cell profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to advance the understanding and potentially support the diagnosis of inflammatory neuropathies. Methods: We analyzed CSF cell flow cytometry data of patients with definite Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS, n = 26) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP, n = 32) based on established diagnostic criteria in comparison to controls with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS, n = 49) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH, n = 63). Results: Flow cytometry revealed disease-specific changes of CSF cell composition with a significant increase of NKT cells and CD8+ T cells in CIDP, NK cells in GBS, and B cells and plasma cells in MS in comparison to IIH controls. Principal component analysis demonstrated distinct CSF immune cells pattern in inflammatory neuropathies vs. RRMS. Systematic receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis identified NKT cells as the best parameter to distinguish GBS from CIDP. Composite scores combing several of the CSF parameters differentiated inflammatory neuropathies from IIH and GBS from CIDP with high confidence. Applying a novel dimension reduction technique, we observed an intra-disease heterogeneity of inflammatory neuropathies. Conclusion: Inflammatory neuropathies display disease- and subtype-specific alterations of CSF cell composition. The increase of NKT cells and CD8+ T cells in CIDP and NK cells in GBS, suggests a central role of cytotoxic cell types in inflammatory neuropathies varying between acute and chronic subtypes. Composite scores constructed from multi-dimensional CSF parameters establish potential novel diagnostic tools. Intra-disease heterogeneity suggests distinct disease mechanisms in subgroups of inflammatory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heming
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Brix
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jolien Wolbert
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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