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Baybutt TR, Entezari AA, Caspi A, Staudt RE, Carlson RD, Waldman SA, Snook AE. CD8α Structural Domains Enhance GUCY2C CAR-T Cell Efficacy. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2398801. [PMID: 39315411 PMCID: PMC11423665 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2398801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite success in treating some hematological malignancies, CAR-T cells have not yet produced similar outcomes in solid tumors due, in part, to the tumor microenvironment, poor persistence, and a paucity of suitable target antigens. Importantly, the impact of the CAR components on these challenges remains focused on the intracellular signaling and antigen-binding domains. In contrast, the flexible hinge and transmembrane domains have been commoditized and are the least studied components of the CAR. Here, we compared the hinge and transmembrane domains derived from either the CD8ɑ or CD28 molecule in identical GUCY2C-targeted third-generation designs for colorectal cancer. While these structural domains do not contribute to differences in antigen-independent contexts, such as CAR expression and differentiation and exhaustion phenotypes, the CD8ɑ structural domain CAR has a greater affinity for GUCY2C. This results in increased production of inflammatory cytokines and granzyme B, improved cytolytic effector function with low antigen-expressing tumor cells, and robust anti-tumor efficacy in vivo compared with the CD28 structural domain CAR. This suggests that CD8α structural domains should be considered in the design of all CARs for the generation of high-affinity CARs and optimally effective CAR-T cells in solid tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana A Entezari
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adi Caspi
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross E Staudt
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert D Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Flickinger JC, Staudt RE, Singh J, Carlson RD, Barton JR, Baybutt TR, Rappaport JA, Zalewski A, Pattison A, Waldman SA, Snook AE. Chimeric adenoviral (Ad5.F35) and listeria vector prime-boost immunization is safe and effective for cancer immunotherapy. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:61. [PMID: 35739202 PMCID: PMC9226178 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to augment immunity to self/neoantigens expressed by cancers are urgently needed to expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy, particularly for GI cancers where only a fraction of patients respond to immunotherapies. However, current vaccine strategies are limited by poor immunogenicity, pre-existing vector-specific immunity, and vaccine-induced vector-specific immunity. Here, we examined a prime-boost strategy using a chimeric adenoviral vector (Ad5.F35) that resists pre-existing immunity followed by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) to amplify immunity to the GI cancer antigen GUCY2C. This previously unexplored combination enhanced the quantity, avidity, polyfunctionality, and antitumor efficacy of GUCY2C-specific effector CD8+ T cells, without toxicity in any tissue, including GUCY2C-expressing intestines and brain. Importantly, this combination was partially resistant to pre-existing immunity to Ad5 which is endemic in human populations and vector-specific immunity did not limit the ability of multiple Lm administrations to repeatedly enhance GUCY2C-specific responses. Broadly, these findings suggest that cancer patient immunizations targeting self/neoantigens, as well as immunizations for difficult infectious diseases (HIV, malaria, etc), may be most successful using a combination of Ad5.F35-based priming, followed by Lm-based boosting. More specifically, Lm-GUCY2C may be utilized to amplify GUCY2C-specific immunity in patients receiving adenovirus-based GUCY2C vaccines currently in clinical trials to prevent or treat recurrent GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ross E Staudt
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Robert D Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joshua R Barton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alicja Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Amanda Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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3
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Flickinger JC, Singh J, Yarman Y, Carlson RD, Barton JR, Waldman SA, Snook AE. T-Cell Responses to Immunodominant Listeria Epitopes Limit Vaccine-Directed Responses to the Colorectal Cancer Antigen, Guanylyl Cyclase C. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855759. [PMID: 35355987 PMCID: PMC8959893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an emerging platform for cancer immunotherapy. To date, over 30 clinical trials have been initiated testing Lm cancer vaccines across a wide variety of cancers, including lung, cervical, colorectal, and pancreatic. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity of an Lm vaccine against the colorectal tumor antigen GUCY2C (Lm-GUCY2C). Surprisingly, Lm-GUCY2C vaccination did not prime naïve GUCY2C-specific CD8+ T-cell responses towards the dominant H-2Kd-restricted epitope, GUCY2C254-262. However, Lm-GUCY2C produced robust CD8+ T-cell responses towards Lm-derived peptides suggesting that GUCY2C254-262 peptide may be subdominant to Lm-derived peptides. Indeed, incorporating immunogenic Lm peptides into an adenovirus-based GUCY2C vaccine previously shown to induce robust GUCY2C254-262 immunity completely suppressed GUCY2C254-262 responses. Comparison of immunogenic Lm-derived peptides to GUCY2C254-262 revealed that Lm-derived peptides form highly stable peptide-MHC complexes with H-2Kd compared to GUCY2C254-262 peptide. Moreover, amino acid substitution at a critical anchoring residue for H-2Kd binding, producing GUCY2CF255Y, significantly improved stability with H-2Kd and rescued GUCY2C254-262 immunogenicity in the context of Lm vaccination. Collectively, these studies suggest that Lm antigens may compete with and suppress the immunogenicity of target vaccine antigens and that use of altered peptide ligands with enhanced peptide-MHC stability may be necessary to elicit robust immune responses. These studies suggest that optimizing target antigen competitiveness with Lm antigens or alternative immunization regimen strategies, such as prime-boost, may be required to maximize the clinical utility of Lm-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yanki Yarman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert D. Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joshua R. Barton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Flickinger JC, Singh J, Carlson R, Leong E, Baybutt TR, Barton J, Caparosa E, Pattison A, Rappaport JA, Roh J, Zhan T, Bashir B, Waldman SA, Snook AE. Chimeric Ad5.F35 vector evades anti-adenovirus serotype 5 neutralization opposing GUCY2C-targeted antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001046. [PMID: 32819976 PMCID: PMC7443303 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is a commonly used viral vector for transient delivery of transgenes, primarily for vaccination against pathogen and tumor antigens. However, endemic infections with Ad5 produce virus-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that limit transgene delivery and constrain target-directed immunity following exposure to Ad5-based vaccines. Indeed, clinical trials have revealed the limitations that virus-specific NAbs impose on the efficacy of Ad5-based vaccines. In that context, the emerging focus on immunological approaches targeting cancer self-antigens or neoepitopes underscores the unmet therapeutic need for more efficacious vaccine vectors. METHODS Here, we evaluated the ability of a chimeric adenoviral vector (Ad5.F35) derived from the capsid of Ad5 and fiber of the rare adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) to induce immune responses to the tumor-associated antigen guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C). RESULTS In the absence of pre-existing immunity to Ad5, GUCY2C-specific T-cell responses and antitumor efficacy induced by Ad5.F35 were comparable to Ad5 in a mouse model of metastatic colorectal cancer. Furthermore, like Ad5, Ad5.F35 vector expressing GUCY2C was safe and produced no toxicity in tissues with, or without, GUCY2C expression. Importantly, this chimeric vector resisted neutralization in Ad5-immunized mice and by sera collected from patients with colorectal cancer naturally exposed to Ad5. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Ad5.F35-based vaccines targeting GUCY2C, or other tumor or pathogen antigens, may produce clinically relevant immune responses in more (≥90%) patients compared with Ad5-based vaccines (~50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elinor Leong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua Barton
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen Caparosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amanda Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamin Roh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Babar Bashir
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Entezari AA, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) in gastrointestinal cancers: recent innovations and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:335-346. [PMID: 34056991 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1937124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is an intestinal signaling system that regulates intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion as well as intestinal homeostasis. In recent years, it has emerged as a promising target for chemoprevention and therapy for GI malignancies. AREAS COVERED The loss of GUCY2C signaling early in colorectal tumorigenesis suggests it could have a significant impact on tumor initiation. Recent studies highlight the importance of GUCY2C signaling in preventing colorectal tumorigenesis using agents such as linaclotide, plecanatide, and sildenafil. Furthermore, GUCY2C is a novel target for immunotherapy and a diagnostic marker for primary and metastatic diseases. EXPERT OPINION There is an unmet need for prevention and therapy in GI cancers. In that context, GUCY2C is a promising target for prevention, although the precise mechanisms by which GUCY2C signaling affects tumorigenesis remain to be defined. Furthermore, clinical trials are exploring its role as an immunotherapeutic target for vaccines to prevent metastatic disease. Indeed, GUCY2C is an emerging target across the disease continuum from chemoprevention, to diagnostic management, through the treatment and prevention of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Entezari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pierini S, Mishra A, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Beghi S, Giglio A, Pustylnikov S, Costabile F, Rafail S, Amici A, Facciponte JG, Koumenis C, Facciabene A. Combination of vasculature targeting, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor elicits potent antitumor immune response and blocks tumor progression. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001636. [PMID: 33563772 PMCID: PMC7875275 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) is a protein expressed in the tumor-associated endothelium and/or stroma of various types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that immunization with a plasmid-DNA vaccine targeting TEM1 reduced tumor progression in three murine cancer models. Radiation therapy (RT) is an established cancer modality used in more than 50% of patients with solid tumors. RT can induce tumor-associated vasculature injury, triggering immunogenic cell death and inhibition of the irradiated tumor and distant non-irradiated tumor growth (abscopal effect). Combination treatment of RT with TEM1 immunotherapy may complement and augment established immune checkpoint blockade. Methods Mice bearing bilateral subcutaneous CT26 colorectal or TC1 lung tumors were treated with a novel heterologous TEM1-based vaccine, in combination with RT, and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody or combinations of these therapies, tumor growth of irradiated and abscopal tumors was subsequently assessed. Analysis of tumor blood perfusion was evaluated by CD31 staining and Doppler ultrasound imaging. Immunophenotyping of peripheral and tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as functional analysis was analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISpot assay and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) experiments. Results We demonstrate that addition of RT to heterologous TEM1 vaccination reduces progression of CT26 and TC1 irradiated and abscopal distant tumors as compared with either single treatment. Mechanistically, RT increased major histocompatibility complex class I molecule (MHCI) expression on endothelial cells and improved immune recognition of the endothelium by anti-TEM1 T cells with subsequent severe vascular damage as measured by reduced microvascular density and tumor blood perfusion. Heterologous TEM1 vaccine and RT combination therapy boosted tumor-associated antigen (TAA) cross-priming (ie, anti-gp70) and augmented programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling within CT26 tumor. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in combination with dual therapy further increased the antitumor effect and gp70-specific immune responses. ACT experiments show that anti-gp70 T cells are required for the antitumor effects of the combination therapy. Conclusion Our findings describe novel cooperative mechanisms between heterologous TEM1 vaccination and RT, highlighting the pivotal role that TAA cross-priming plays for an effective antitumor strategy. Furthermore, we provide rationale for using heterologous TEM1 vaccination and RT as an add-on to immune checkpoint blockade as triple combination therapy into early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvia Beghi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Giglio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Marche, Italy
| | - John G Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Costantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA .,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lisby AN, Flickinger JC, Bashir B, Weindorfer M, Shelukar S, Crutcher M, Snook AE, Waldman SA. GUCY2C as a biomarker to target precision therapies for patients with colorectal cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021; 6:117-129. [PMID: 34027103 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1876518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most-deadly malignancies worldwide. Current therapeutic regimens for CRC patients are relatively generic, based primarily on disease type and stage, with little variation. As the field of molecular oncology advances, so too must therapeutic management of CRC. Understanding molecular heterogeneity has led to a new-found promotion for precision therapy in CRC; underlining the diversity of molecularly targeted therapies based on individual tumor characteristics. Areas covered We review current approaches for the treatment of CRC and discuss the potential of precision therapy in advanced CRC. We highlight the utility of the intestinal protein guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), as a multi-purpose biomarker and unique therapeutic target in CRC. Here, we summarize current GUCY2C-targeted approaches for treatment of CRC. Expert opinion The GUCY2C biomarker has multi-faceted utility in medicine. Developmental investment of GUCY2C as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker offers a variety of options taking the molecular characteristics of cancer into account. From GUCY2C-targeted therapies, namely cancer vaccines, CAR-T cells, and monoclonal antibodies, to GUCY2C agonists for chemoprevention in those who are at high risk for developing colorectal cancer, the utility of this protein provides many avenues for exploration with significance in the field of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Lisby
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Babar Bashir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Megan Weindorfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Sanjna Shelukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Madison Crutcher
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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8
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Flickinger JC, Rappaport JA, Barton JR, Baybutt TR, Pattison AM, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Guanylyl cyclase C as a biomarker for immunotherapies for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Biomark Med 2021; 15:201-217. [PMID: 33470843 PMCID: PMC8293028 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers encompass a diverse class of tumors arising in the GI tract, including esophagus, stomach, pancreas and colorectum. Collectively, gastrointestinal cancers compose a high fraction of all cancer deaths, highlighting an unmet need for novel and effective therapies. In this context, the transmembrane receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) has emerged as an attractive target for the prevention, detection and treatment of many gastrointestinal tumors. GUCY2C is an intestinally-restricted protein implicated in tumorigenesis that is universally expressed by primary and metastatic colorectal tumors as well as ectopically expressed by esophageal, gastric and pancreatic cancers. This review summarizes the current state of GUCY2C-targeted modalities in the management of gastrointestinal malignancies, with special focus on colorectal cancer, the most incident gastrointestinal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joshua R Barton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Amanda M Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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9
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Chen K, Huang B, Yan S, Xu S, Li K, Zhang K, Wang Q, Zhuang Z, Wei L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lian H, Zhong C. Two machine learning methods identify a metastasis-related prognostic model that predicts overall survival in medulloblastoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21481-21503. [PMID: 33159021 PMCID: PMC7695392 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of medulloblastoma (MB) patients exhibit metastasis at initial diagnosis, which often leads to a poor prognosis. Here, by using univariate Cox regression analysis, two machine learning methods (Lasso-penalized Cox regression and random survival forest-variable hunting (RSF-VH)), and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we established two metastasis-related prognostic models, including the 47-mRNA-based model based on the Lasso method and the 21-mRNA-based model based on the RSF-VH method. In terms of the results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, we selected the 47-mRNA metastasis-associated model with the higher area under the curve (AUC). The 47-mRNA-based prognostic model could classify MB patients into two subgroups with different prognoses. The ROC analyses also suggested that the 47-mRNA metastasis-associated model may have a better predictive ability than MB subgroup. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the 47-mRNA-based model was independent of other clinical characteristics. In addition, a nomogram comprising the 47-mRNA-based model was built. The results of ROC analyses suggested that the nomogram had good discrimination ability. Our 47-mRNA metastasis-related prognostic model and nomogram might be an efficient and valuable tool for overall survival (OS) prediction and provide information for individualized treatment decisions in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Bingsong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yan
- Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 201204, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Kuiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Rappaport JA, Waldman SA. An update on guanylyl cyclase C in the diagnosis, chemoprevention, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1125-1137. [PMID: 32945718 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1826304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Despite the successes of new targeted agents for other cancers, colorectal cancer suffers from a relative scarcity of actionable biomarkers. In this context, the intestinal receptor, guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), has emerged as a promising target.Areas covered: GUCY2C regulates a tumor-suppressive signaling axis that is silenced through loss of its endogenous ligands at the earliest stages of tumorigenesis. A body of literature supports a cancer chemoprevention strategy involving reactivation of GUCY2C through FDA-approved cGMP-elevating agents such as linaclotide, plecanatide, and sildenafil. Its limited expression in extra-intestinal tissues, and retention on the surface of cancer cells, also positions GUCY2C as a target for immunotherapies to treat metastatic disease, including vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, and antibody-drug conjugates. Likewise, GUCY2C mRNA identifies metastatic cells, enhancing colorectal cancer detection, and staging. Pre-clinical and clinical programs exploring these GUCY2C-targeting strategies will be reviewed.Expert opinion: Recent mechanistic insights characterizing GUCY2C ligand loss early in tumorigenesis, coupled with results from the first clinical trials testing GUCY2C-targeting strategies, continue to elevate GUCY2C as an ideal target for prevention, detection, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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ZVex™, a dendritic-cell-tropic lentivector, primes protective antitumor T cell responses that are significantly boosted using heterologous vaccine modalities. Vaccine 2020; 38:6367-6373. [PMID: 32828576 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines must induce high levels of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells to be effective. We show here that tumor-antigen specific effector and memory T cell responses primed with a non-integrating, dendritic-cell targeted lentiviral vector (ZVex™) could be boosted significantly by either adjuvanted recombinant protein, adenoviral vectors, or self-replicating RNA. These heterologous prime-boost regimens also provided significantly better protection in murine tumor models. In contrast, homologous prime-boost regimens, or using the lentiviral vector as a boost, resulted in lower T cell responses with limited therapeutic efficacy. Heterologous prime-boost regimens that utilize ZVex as the prime may be attractive modalities for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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12
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Robust Iterative Stimulation with Self-Antigens Overcomes CD8 + T Cell Tolerance to Self- and Tumor Antigens. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3092-3104.e5. [PMID: 31533033 PMCID: PMC6874401 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system adapts to constitutive antigens to preserve self-tolerance, which is a major barrier for anti-tumor immunity. Antigen-specific reversal of tolerance constitutes a major goal to spur therapeutic applications. Here, we show that robust, iterative, systemic stimulation targeting tissue-specific antigens in the context of acute infections reverses established CD8+ T cell tolerance to self, including in T cells that survive negative selection. This strategy results in large numbers of circulating and resident memory self-specific CD8+ T cells that are widely distributed and can be co-opted to control established malignancies bearing self-antigen without concomitant autoimmunity. Targeted expansion of both self- and tumor neoantigen-specific T cells acts synergistically to boost anti-tumor immunity and elicits protection against aggressive melanoma. Our findings demonstrate that T cell tolerance can be re-adapted to responsiveness through robust antigenic exposure, generating self-specific CD8+ T cells that can be used for cancer treatment.
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13
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Janssen E, Subtil B, de la Jara Ortiz F, Verheul HMW, Tauriello DVF. Combinatorial Immunotherapies for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071875. [PMID: 32664619 PMCID: PMC7408881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and deadly forms of cancer. About half of patients are affected by metastasis, with the cancer spreading to e.g., liver, lungs or the peritoneum. The majority of these patients cannot be cured despite steady advances in treatment options. Immunotherapies are currently not widely applicable for this disease, yet show potential in preclinical models and clinical translation. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a key factor in CRC metastasis, including by means of immune evasion-forming a major barrier to effective immuno-oncology. Several approaches are in development that aim to overcome the immunosuppressive environment and boost anti-tumour immunity. Among them are vaccination strategies, cellular transplantation therapies, and targeted treatments. Given the complexity of the system, we argue for rational design of combinatorial therapies and consider the implications of precision medicine in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Beatriz Subtil
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Fàtima de la Jara Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
| | - Henk M. W. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HBNijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniele V. F. Tauriello
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (E.J.); (B.S.); (F.d.l.J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Vergara Bermejo A, Ragonnaud E, Daradoumis J, Holst P. Cancer Associated Endogenous Retroviruses: Ideal Immune Targets for Adenovirus-Based Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144843. [PMID: 32650622 PMCID: PMC7402293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major challenge in our societies, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) about 1/6 deaths were cancer related in 2018 and it is considered the second leading cause of death globally. Immunotherapies have changed the paradigm of oncologic treatment for several cancers where the field had fallen short in providing competent therapies. Despite the improvement, broadly acting and highly effective therapies capable of eliminating or preventing human cancers with insufficient mutated antigens are still missing. Adenoviral vector-based vaccines are a successful tool in the treatment of various diseases including cancer; however, their success has been limited. In this review we discuss the potential of adenovirus as therapeutic tools and the current developments to use them against cancer. More specifically, we examine how to use them to target endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs, comprising 8% of the human genome, have been detected in several cancers, while they remain silent in healthy tissues. Their low immunogenicity together with their immunosuppressive capacity aid cancer to escape immunosurveillance. In that regard, virus-like-vaccine (VLV) technology, combining adenoviral vectors and virus-like-particles (VLPs), can be ideal to target ERVs and elicit B-cell responses, as well as CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Vergara Bermejo
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, Copenhagen Bio Science Park, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.R.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Emeline Ragonnaud
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, Copenhagen Bio Science Park, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Joana Daradoumis
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, Copenhagen Bio Science Park, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.R.); (J.D.)
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Holst
- InProTher, Bioinnovation Institute, Copenhagen Bio Science Park, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.R.); (J.D.)
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (P.H.)
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15
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Ichikawa J, Yoshida T, Isser A, Laino AS, Vassallo M, Woods D, Kim S, Oelke M, Jones K, Schneck JP, Weber JS. Rapid Expansion of Highly Functional Antigen-Specific T Cells from Patients with Melanoma by Nanoscale Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3384-3396. [PMID: 32241816 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Generation of antigen-specific T cells from patients with cancer employs large numbers of peripheral blood cells and/or tumor-infiltrating cells to generate antigen-presenting and effector cells commonly requiring multiple rounds of restimulation ex vivo. We used a novel paramagnetic, nanoparticle-based artificial antigen-presenting cell (nano-aAPC) that combines anti-CD28 costimulatory and human MHC class I molecules that are loaded with antigenic peptides to rapidly expand tumor antigen-specific T cells from patients with melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nano-aAPC-expressing HLA-A*0201 molecules and costimulatory anti-CD28 antibody and HLA-A*0201 molecules loaded with MART-1 or gp100 class I-restricted peptides were used to stimulate CD8 T cells purified from the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve or PD-1 antibody-treated patients with stage IV melanoma. Expanded cells were restimulated with fresh peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC at day 7. Phenotype analysis and functional assays including cytokine release, cytolysis, and measurement of avidity were conducted. RESULTS MART-1-specific CD8 T cells rapidly expanded up to 1,000-fold by day 14 after exposure to peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC. Expanded T cells had a predominantly stem cell memory CD45RA+/CD62L+/CD95+ phenotype; expressed ICOS, PD-1, Tim3, and LAG3; and lacked CD28. Cells from patients with melanoma were polyfunctional; highly avid; expressed IL2, IFNγ, and TNFα; and exhibited cytolytic activity against tumor cell lines. They expanded 2- to 3-fold after exposure to PD-1 antibody in vivo, and expressed a highly diverse T-cell receptor V beta repertoire. CONCLUSIONS Peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC rapidly expanded polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cells with high avidity, potent lytic function, and a stem cell memory phenotype from patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ichikawa
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ariel Isser
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andressa S Laino
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melinda Vassallo
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Woods
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Weber
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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16
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Snook AE, Baybutt TR, Xiang B, Abraham TS, Flickinger JC, Hyslop T, Zhan T, Kraft WK, Sato T, Waldman SA. Split tolerance permits safe Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE vaccine-induced T-cell responses in colon cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:104. [PMID: 31010434 PMCID: PMC6477737 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The colorectal cancer antigen GUCY2C exhibits unique split tolerance, evoking antigen-specific CD8+, but not CD4+, T-cell responses that deliver anti-tumor immunity without autoimmunity in mice. Here, the cancer vaccine Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE was evaluated in a first-in-man phase I clinical study of patients with early-stage colorectal cancer to assess its safety and immunological efficacy. METHODS Ten patients with surgically-resected stage I or stage II (pN0) colon cancer received a single intramuscular injection of 1011 viral particles (vp) of Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE. Safety assessment and immunomonitoring were carried out for 6 months following immunization. This trial employed continual monitoring of both efficacy and toxicity of subjects as joint primary outcomes. RESULTS All patients receiving Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE completed the study and none developed adverse events greater than grade 1. Antibody responses to GUCY2C were detected in 10% of patients, while 40% exhibited GUCY2C-specific T-cell responses. GUCY2C-specific responses were exclusively CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, mimicking pre-clinical studies in mice in which GUCY2C-specific CD4+ T cells are eliminated by self-tolerance, while CD8+ T cells escape tolerance and mediate antitumor immunity. Moreover, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to the Ad5 vector were associated with poor vaccine-induced responses, suggesting that Ad5 NAbs oppose GUCY2C immune responses to the vaccine in patients and supported by mouse studies. CONCLUSIONS Split tolerance to GUCY2C in cancer patients can be exploited to safely generate antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+, but not autoimmune CD4+, T cells by Ad5-GUCY2C-PADRE in the absence of pre-existing NAbs to the viral vector. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial (NCT01972737) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on October 30th, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01972737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tara S Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Walter K Kraft
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, JAH 368, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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17
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Abraham TS, Flickinger JC, Waldman SA, Snook AE. TCR Retrogenic Mice as a Model To Map Self-Tolerance Mechanisms to the Cancer Mucosa Antigen GUCY2C. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1301-1310. [PMID: 30642983 PMCID: PMC6363846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing self-tolerance mechanisms and their failure is critical to understand immune homeostasis, cancer immunity, and autoimmunity. However, examination of self-tolerance mechanisms has relied primarily on transgenic mice expressing TCRs targeting well-characterized, but nonphysiologic, model Ags, such as OVA and hemagglutinin. Identifying TCRs directed against bona fide self-antigens is made difficult by the extraordinary diversity of TCRs and the low prevalence of Ag-specific clones (<10-100 naive cells per organism), limiting dissection of tolerance mechanisms restricting immunity to self-proteins. In this study, we isolated and characterized TCRs recognizing the intestinal epithelial cell receptor and colorectal cancer Ag GUCY2C to establish a model to study self-antigen-specific tolerance mechanisms. GUCY2C-specific CD4+ effector T cells were isolated from immunized, nontolerant Gucy2c -/- mice. Next-generation sequencing identified GUCY2C-specific TCRs, which were engineered into CD4+ T cells in vitro to confirm TCR recognition of GUCY2C. Further, the generation of "retrogenic" mice by reconstitution with TCR-transduced hematopoietic stem cells resulted in normal CD4+ T cell development, responsiveness to immunization, and GUCY2C-induced tolerance in recipient mice, recapitulating observations in conventional models. This retrogenic model can be employed to define self-tolerance mechanisms restricting T and B cell responses to GUCY2C to optimize colorectal cancer immunotherapy without autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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18
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Chen YS, Huang TH, Liu CL, Chen HS, Lee MH, Chen HW, Shen CR. Locally Targeting the IL-17/IL-17RA Axis Reduced Tumor Growth in a Murine B16F10 Melanoma Model. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:273-285. [PMID: 30079767 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 and the cells that produce it within the tumor microenvironment appear to promote tumor development and are associated with survival in cancer patients. Here we investigated the role of the IL-17/IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) axis in regulating melanoma progression and evaluated the therapeutic potential of blocking the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway. First, recombinant mouse IL-17 (γmIL-17) treatment significantly increased proliferation of mouse B16F10 cells and human A375 and A2058 cells. Silencing IL-17RA by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in B16F10 cells reduced the γmIL-17-elicited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase production. Remarkably, knockdown of IL-17RA led to a significantly decreased capability of B16F10 cells to form tumors in vivo, similar to that in IL-17-deficient mice. Finally, local application of an adenovirus delivering a shRNA against IL-17RA mRNA not only significantly suppressed tumor development, but also enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing the interferon γ-expressing T cells and not T regulatory cells. Our results highlight the critical role of the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway in tumor progression and imply that targeting IL-17RA represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- 3 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,4 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- 5 College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- 7 National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.,8 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,9 Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,10 Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Kondo K, Nakajima H, Kobayashi Y, Inatome M, Aoyama N, Nishida Y, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Nishida S, Nakata J, Hosen N, Oji Y, Sugiyama H. Establishment of a novel platform cell line for efficient and precise evaluation of T cell receptor functional avidity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34132-34141. [PMID: 30344927 PMCID: PMC6183340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cell receptor (TCR) -engineered T cells is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment and the success in this therapy is dependent on the functional avidity of the transduced TCRs against targeted tumor antigens. Therefore, the establishment of the methodology of the efficient and precise evaluation of TCR functional avidity has been awaited. Here, we show a novel platform cell line, named 2D3, which enables the functional avidity of transduced TCRs to be evaluated efficiently and precisely. In the 2D3, the precise TCR functional avidity of transduced TCRs is easily evaluable by the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene driven by nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation via TCR signaling. Four different TCRs of HLA-A*24:02-restricted Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were transduced into 2D3 cells and the functional avidities of these four TCRs were evaluated. The evaluated functional avidity of these TCRs positively correlated with cell proliferation, cytokine production, and WT1-specific cytotoxicity of the TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells in response to WT1 antigen. These results showed that 2D3 cell line was a novel and stable tool useful for the efficient and precise evaluation of the functional avidity of isolated and transduced TCRs in developing TCR-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Kondo
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Inatome
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Aoyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (World Premier International Research Center), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Lin AG, Xiang B, Merlino DJ, Baybutt TR, Sahu J, Fridman A, Snook AE, Miller V. Non-thermal plasma induces immunogenic cell death in vivo in murine CT26 colorectal tumors. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1484978. [PMID: 30228954 PMCID: PMC6140551 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1484978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death is characterized by the emission of danger signals that facilitate activation of an adaptive immune response against dead-cell antigens. In the case of cancer therapy, tumor cells undergoing immunogenic death promote cancer-specific immunity. Identification, characterization, and optimization of stimuli that induce immunogenic cancer cell death has tremendous potential to improve the outcomes of cancer therapy. In this study, we show that non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma can be operated to induce immunogenic cell death in an animal model of colorectal cancer. In vitro, plasma treatment of CT26 colorectal cancer cells induced the release of classic danger signals. Treated cells were used to create a whole-cell vaccine which elicited protective immunity in the CT26 tumor mouse model. Moreover, plasma treatment of subcutaneous tumors elicited emission of danger signals and recruitment of antigen presenting cells into tumors. An increase in T cell responses targeting the colorectal cancer-specific antigen guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) were also observed. This study provides the first evidence that non-thermal plasma is a bone fide inducer of immunogenic cell death and highlights its potential for clinical translation for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham G. Lin
- C. & J. Nyheim Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dante J. Merlino
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trevor R. Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joya Sahu
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vandana Miller
- C. & J. Nyheim Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Camden, NJ, USA
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21
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Zhao H, Xu C, Luo X, Wei F, Wang N, Shi H, Ren X. Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Adenovirus Type-5 and Chimpanzee Adenovirus Type-68 in Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:335. [PMID: 29563911 PMCID: PMC5845880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the preclinical results about chimpanzee adenovirus serotype-68 (AdC68)-based vaccine showed an encouraging results, it reminded us that AdC68 may be a suitable cancer vaccine vector. Previous study indicated that the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against adenovirus was different between cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Knowledge regarding the prevalence rates of AdC68 NAbs for cancer patients is lacking. Therefore, assessing the preexistence of NAbs against AdC68 in cancer patients could provide useful insights for developing future AdC68-based cancer vaccines. In this study, 440 patients with different pathological types of tumors and 204 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled to evaluate the NAbs against AdC68 and human adenovirus serotype-5 (AdHu5). The seroprevalence of NAbs against AdC68 was much lower than that against AdHu5 in cancer subjects (43.64 vs. 67.05%, P < 0.01). The seroprevalence rates of NAbs to AdC68 in the cancer subjects were statistically higher than those detected in the healthy adult volunteers (43.64 vs. 23.53%, P = 0.000). The seroprevalence rates of AdC68 NAbs were much lower in lung, laryngeal, esophageal, and cervical cancer patients compared with oropharyngeal, colon, and rectal cancer patients. Furthermore, the seroprevalence rates of AdC68 NAbs were much lower in lung adenocarcinoma patients than in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients (35.00 vs. 70.00%, P < 0.05). No significant difference in the AdC68 NAbs among patients with different clinical stages of cancer was detected. The percentage of NAbs against AdC68 was significantly lower than that against AdHu5 (P < 0.05) in stage-I, -II, and -III cancer patients. No significant difference between the percentage of NAbs against AdC68 and AdHu5 in the subjects with stage-IV cancer was detected. The study also demonstrated the distribution of AdHu5 and AdC68 NAb titers for the positive samples. It showed that very low NAb titers against AdC68 with respect to AdHu5 in both healthy subjects and cancer subjects, especially in lung, laryngeal, esophageal, gastric, and cervical carcinomas. Also, the titer of NAbs against AdC68 was significantly lower than that against AdHu5 in the same clinical stage and age group (P < 0.05). Taken together, the present study showed that NAbs against AdC68 is much lower than AdHu5, especially in lung adenocarcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, and cervical cancer patients. These results provided strong support for candidating AdC68 as a suitable vector of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Xu
- Bioroc Pharmaceutical & Biotech Company, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Genstar Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Bioroc Pharmaceutical & Biotech Company, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Genstar Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Bioroc Pharmaceutical & Biotech Company, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Genstar Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- Bioroc Pharmaceutical & Biotech Company, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Genstar Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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22
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Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality with a 5-year overall survival rate of 13%. Despite recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, only the minority of CRC patients (<15%) with microsatellite instability can potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, the only immunotherapy currently approved for mCRC. In that context, there is an unmet need to improve survival in mCRC. Our ever-increasing understanding of the immune system and its interactions with cancer has allowed development of multiple strategies to potentially improve outcomes in the majority of mCRC patients. Various approaches to manipulate patient immunity to recognize and kill colorectal cancer cells are being explored simultaneously, with combination therapies likely being the most effective. Ideally, therapies would target tumor-restricted antigens selectively found in tumors, but shielded from immune attack in normal tissues, to mount an effective cytotoxic T-cell response, while also overcoming cellular and molecular inhibitory pathways, self-tolerance, and T-cell exhaustion. Here, we provide a brief overview of the most promising immunotherapy candidates in mCRC and their strategies to produce a lasting immune response and clinical benefit in patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Bashir
- a Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- a Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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23
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Pierini S, Perales-Linares R, Uribe-Herranz M, Pol JG, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Facciabene A, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1398878. [PMID: 29209575 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1398878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-based vaccination is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. DNA-based vaccines specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are indeed relatively simple to produce, cost-efficient and well tolerated. However, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy is considerably limited by central and peripheral tolerance. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development and characterization of novel DNA-based vaccines that would circumvent this obstacle. In this setting, particular attention has been dedicated to the route of administration, expression of modified TAAs, co-expression of immunostimulatory molecules, and co-delivery of immune checkpoint blockers. Here, we review preclinical and clinical progress on DNA-based vaccines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Mukhopadhyay M, Galperin M, Patgaonkar M, Vasan S, Ho DD, Nouël A, Claireaux M, Benati D, Lambotte O, Huang Y, Chakrabarti LA. DNA Vaccination by Electroporation Amplifies Broadly Cross-Restricted Public TCR Clonotypes Shared with HIV Controllers. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:3437-3452. [PMID: 28993513 PMCID: PMC5675813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rare patients who spontaneously control HIV replication provide a useful model to inform HIV vaccine development. HIV controllers develop particularly efficient antiviral CD4+ T cell responses mediated by shared high-affinity TCRs. To determine whether the candidate DNA vaccine ADVAX could induce similar responses, we analyzed Gag-specific primary CD4+ T cells from healthy volunteers who received ADVAX DNA by electroporation. Vaccinated volunteers had an immunodominant response to the Gag293 epitope with a functional avidity intermediate between that of controllers and treated patients. The TCR repertoire of Gag293-specific CD4+ T cells proved highly biased, with a predominant usage of the TCRβ variable gene 2 (TRBV2) in vaccinees as well as controllers. TCRα variable gene (TRAV) gene usage was more diverse, with the dominance of TRAV29 over TRAV24 genes in vaccinees, whereas TRAV24 predominated in controllers. Sequence analysis revealed an unexpected degree of overlap between the specific repertoires of vaccinees and controllers, with the sharing of TRAV24 and TRBV2 public motifs (>30%) and of public clonotypes characteristic of high-affinity TCRs. MHC class II tetramer binding revealed a broad HLA-DR cross-restriction, explaining how Gag293-specific public clonotypes could be selected in individuals with diverse genetic backgrounds. TRAV29 clonotypes also proved cross-restricted, but conferred responses of lower functional avidity upon TCR transfer. In conclusion, DNA vaccination by electroporation primed for TCR clonotypes that were associated with HIV control, highlighting the potential of this vaccine delivery method. To our knowledge, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that clonotypic analysis may be used as a tool to monitor the quality of vaccine-induced responses and modulate these toward "controller-like" responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Mukhopadhyay
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Moran Galperin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mandar Patgaonkar
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Alexandre Nouël
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Claireaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daniela Benati
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; and
- INSERM U1184, Centre d'Immunologie des Infections Virales et Maladies Autoimmunes, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016
| | - Lisa A Chakrabarti
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, 75724 Paris, France;
- INSERM U1108, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Baybutt TR, Aka AA, Snook AE. The Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Receptor, Guanylyl Cyclase C, as a Pharmacological Target in Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy: A Bench-to-Bedside Current Report. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090282. [PMID: 28914772 PMCID: PMC5618215 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is becoming a routine treatment modality in the oncology clinic, in spite of the fact that it is a relatively nascent field. The challenge in developing effective immunotherapeutics is the identification of target molecules that promote anti-tumor efficacy across the patient population while sparing healthy tissue from damaging autoimmunity. The intestinally restricted receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a target that has been investigated for the treatment of colorectal cancer and numerous animal, and clinical studies have demonstrated both efficacy and safety. Here, we describe the current state of GUCY2C-directed cancer immunotherapy and the future directions of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Baybutt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Allison A Aka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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