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Madaan V, Kollara A, Spaner D, Brown TJ. ISGylation enhances dsRNA-induced interferon response and NFκB signaling in fallopian tube epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107686. [PMID: 39159817 PMCID: PMC11418117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Heritable mutations in BRCA1 associate with increased risk of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer. Nongenetic risk factors associated with this cancer, which arises from fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells, suggests a role for repetitive ovulation wherein FTE cells are exposed to inflammatory signaling molecules within follicular fluid. We previously reported increased NFκB and EGFR signaling in BRCA1-deficient primary FTE cells, with follicular fluid exposure further increasing abundance of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts, including the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 and other ISGylation pathway members. Both NFκB and type I interferon signaling are upregulated by stimulation of cGAS-STING or MDA5 and RIGI pattern recognition receptors. Since some pattern recognition receptors and their signal transduction pathway members are ISGylated, we tested the impact of ISG15 and ISGylation on interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NFκB signaling through cGAS-STING or RIGI and MDA5 activation. Expression of ISG15 or UBA7, the E1-like ISG15-activating enzyme, in immortalized FTE cells was disrupted by CRISPR gene editing. Activation of IRF3 by RIGI or MDA5 but not cGAS-STING was attenuated by loss of either ISG15 or UBA7 and this was reflected by a similar effect on NFκB activation and downstream targets. Loss of ISGylation decreased levels of both MDA5 and RIGI, with knockdown of RIGI but not MDA5, decreasing IRF3 and NFκB activation in parental cells. These finding indicate that ISGylation enhances the ability of dsRNA to activate cytokine release and proinflammatory signaling. Further work to explore ISGylation as a target for prevention of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Madaan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Spaner
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Li ZA, Bajpai AK, Wang R, Liu Y, Webby RJ, Wilk E, Gu W, Schughart K, Li K, Lu L. Systems genetics of influenza A virus-infected mice identifies TRIM21 as a critical regulator of pulmonary innate immune response. Virus Res 2024; 342:199335. [PMID: 38331257 PMCID: PMC10882161 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic Fc receptor that targets antibody-bound, internalized pathogens for destruction. Apart from this intrinsic defense role, TRIM21 is implicated in autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and autophagy. Whether TRIM21 participates in host interactions with influenza A virus (IAV), however, is unknown. By computational modeling of body weight and lung transcriptome data from the BXD parents (C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J (D2)) and 41 BXD mouse strains challenged by IAV, we reveal that a Trim21-associated gene network modulates the early host responses to IAV infection. Trim21 transcripts were significantly upregulated in infected mice of both B6 and D2 backgrounds. Its expression was significantly higher in infected D2 than in infected B6 early after infection and significantly correlated with body weight loss. We identified significant trans-eQTL on chromosome 14 that regulates Trim21 expression. Nr1d2 and Il3ra were among the strongest candidate genes. Pathway analysis found Trim21 to be involved in inflammation and immunity related pathways, such as inflammation signaling pathways (TNF, IL-17, and NF-κB), viral detection signaling pathways (NOD-like and RIG-I-like), influenza, and other respiratory viral infections. Knockdown of TRIM21 in human lung epithelial A549 cells significantly augmented IAV-induced expression of IFNB1, IFNL1, CCL5, CXCL10, and IFN-stimulated genes including DDX58 and IFIH1, among others. Our data suggest that a TRIM21-associated gene network is involved in several aspects of inflammation and viral detection mechanisms during IAV infection. We identify and validate TRIM21 as a critical regulator of innate immune responses to IAV in human lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Alex Li
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Esther Wilk
- Rochus Mummert Healthcare Consulting GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Institute of Virology Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Giansanti M, Theinert T, Boeing SK, Haas D, Schlegel PG, Vacca P, Nazio F, Caruana I. Exploiting autophagy balance in T and NK cells as a new strategy to implement adoptive cell therapies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 38071322 PMCID: PMC10709869 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular homeostasis pathway initiated by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient deprivation to viral infection, playing a key role in human health and disease. At present, a growing number of evidence suggests a role of autophagy as a primitive innate immune form of defense for eukaryotic cells, interacting with components of innate immune signaling pathways and regulating thymic selection, antigen presentation, cytokine production and T/NK cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy is intimately involved in the immunological control of tumor progression and response to therapy. However, very little is known about the role and impact of autophagy in T and NK cells, the main players in the active fight against infections and tumors. Important questions are emerging: what role does autophagy play on T/NK cells? Could its modulation lead to any advantages? Could specific targeting of autophagy on tumor cells (blocking) and T/NK cells (activation) be a new intervention strategy? In this review, we debate preclinical studies that have identified autophagy as a key regulator of immune responses by modulating the functions of different immune cells and discuss the redundancy or diversity among the subpopulations of both T and NK cells in physiologic context and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giansanti
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Theinert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Katharina Boeing
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Haas
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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4
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Lucianò AM, Di Martile M, Pérez-Oliva AB, Di Caprio M, Foddai ML, Buglioni S, Mulero V, Del Bufalo D. Exploring association of melanoma-specific Bcl-xL with tumor immune microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:178. [PMID: 37488586 PMCID: PMC10364435 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages take center stage in the tumor microenvironment, a niche composed of extracellular matrix and a heterogeneous group of cells, including immune ones. They can evolve during tumor progression and acquire Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAMs) phenotype. The release of cytokines by tumor and stromal cells, influence the secretion of cytokines by TAMs, which can guarantee tumor progression and influence the response to therapy. Among all factors able to recruit and polarize macrophages, we focused our attention on Bcl-xL, a multifaceted member of the Bcl-2 family, whose expression is deregulated in melanoma. It acts not only as a canonical pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein, but also as a promoter of tumor progression. METHODS Human melanoma cells silencing or overexpressing Bcl-xL protein, THP-1 monocytic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were used in this study. Protein array and specific neutralizing antibodies were used to analyze cytokines and chemokines secreted by melanoma cells. qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western Blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Transwell chambers were used to evaluate migration of THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages. Mouse and zebrafish models were used to evaluate the ability of melanoma cells to recruit and polarize macrophages in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that melanoma cells overexpressing Bcl-xL recruit macrophages at the tumor site and induce a M2 phenotype. In addition, we identified that interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β cytokines are involved in macrophage polarization, and the chemokine CCL5/RANTES in the macrophages recruitment at the tumor site. We also found that all these Bcl-xL-induced factors are regulated in a NF-kB dependent manner in human and zebrafish melanoma models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the pro-tumoral function of Bcl-xL in melanoma through its effects on macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lucianò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Marica Di Caprio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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5
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Urokinase-type plasminogen activator blockade ameliorates experimental colitis in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2899. [PMID: 36806262 PMCID: PMC9938860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several angiogenesis-related factors are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), the mechanisms by which they contribute to disease are unclear. We first examined the expression of angiogenesis-related factors in inflamed colorectal tissue of UC patients using antibody array, and identified the 5 factors with highest expression, which included matrix metalloproteinase-8, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), angiostatin/plasminogen, hepatocyte growth factor and endoglin. Subsequent real-time PCR experiments using additional colorectal tissues revealed that uPA mRNA levels were significantly higher in inflamed tissues than in non-inflamed tissues, and significantly correlated with the severity of UC. Mirror section immunohistochemistry revealed that uPA was expressed in the neutrophils of inflamed colorectal tissues. We administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water to uPA knockout (uPA-/-) mice, and found that the disease activity index in uPA-/- mice was marginally lower and the histological score in uPA-/- mice was significantly lower than those in wild-type mice, suggesting the importance of uPA in colitis. When an uPA-selective inhibitor, UK122, was administered to DSS-treated C57BL6J mice, the disease activity index and histological score in those mice were significantly lower compared with control mice. Multiple cytokine/chemokine assay using colorectal tissues from uPA-/- and UK122-treated mice revealed significantly lowered level of RANTES. In conclusion, uPA was highly expressed in neutrophils of the inflamed mucosa of UC patients, and the expression level correlated with the severity of UC. Genetic uPA deletion or pharmacological uPA blockade significantly ameliorated colitis in mice, concomitant with downregulation of RANTES.
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6
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Figy C, Guo A, Fernando VR, Furuta S, Al-Mulla F, Yeung KC. Changes in Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene RKIP Impact How Cancers Interact with Their Complex Environment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030958. [PMID: 36765912 PMCID: PMC9913418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the immediate environment where cancer cells reside in a tumor. It is composed of multiple cell types and extracellular matrix. Microenvironments can be restrictive or conducive to the progression of cancer cells. Initially, microenvironments are suppressive in nature. Stepwise accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes enables cancer cells to acquire the ability to reshape the microenvironment to advance their growth and metastasis. Among the many genetic events, the loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes play a pivotal role. In this review, we will discuss the changes in TME and the ramifications on metastasis upon altered expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene RKIP in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Figy
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Anna Guo
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Veani Roshale Fernando
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saori Furuta
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait
| | - Kam C. Yeung
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Hu M, Ding H, Chao R, Cao Z. The Hub Genes Related to Osteoporosis Were Identified by Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6726038. [PMID: 36755691 PMCID: PMC9902144 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6726038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is commonly encountered, which is a kind of systemic injury of bone mass and microstructure, leading to brittle fractures. With the aging of the population, this disease will pose a more serious impact on medical, social, and economic aspects, especially postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). This study is aimed at figuring out potential therapeutic targets and new biomarkers in OP via bioinformatics tools. After differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, we successfully identified 97 upregulated and 172 downregulated DEGs. They are mainly concentrated in actin binding, regulation of cytokine production, muscle cell promotion, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receiver interaction. According to the diagram of protein-protein interaction (PPI), we obtained 10 hub genes: CCL5, CXCL10, EGFR, HMOX1, IL12B, CCL7, TBX21, XCL1, PGR, and ITGA1. Expression analysis showed that Egfr, Hmox1, and Pgr were significantly upregulated in estrogen-treated osteoporotic patients, while Ccl5, Cxcl10, Il12b, Ccl7, Tbx21, Xcl1, and Itga1 were significantly downregulated. In addition, the analysis results of Pearson's correlation revealed that CCL7 has a strong positive association with IL12b, TBX21, and CCL5 and so was CCL5 with IL12b. Conversely, EGFR has a strong negative association with XCL1 and CXCL10. In conclusion, this study screened 10 hub genes related to OP based on the GEO database, laying a biological foundation for further research on new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhidong Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
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8
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Stilp AC, Scherer M, König P, Fürstberger A, Kestler HA, Stamminger T. The chromatin remodeling protein ATRX positively regulates IRF3-dependent type I interferon production and interferon-induced gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010748. [PMID: 35939517 PMCID: PMC9387936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling protein alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) is a component of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and thereby mediates intrinsic immunity against several viruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). As a consequence, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to antagonize ATRX, such as displacement from PML-NBs or degradation. Here, we show that depletion of ATRX results in an overall impaired antiviral state by decreasing transcription and subsequent secretion of type I IFNs, which is followed by reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ATRX interacts with the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and associates with the IFN-β promoter to facilitate transcription. Furthermore, whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that ATRX is required for efficient IFN-induced expression of a distinct set of ISGs. Mechanistically, we found that ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. In summary, our study uncovers a novel co-activating function of the chromatin remodeling factor ATRX in innate immunity that regulates chromatin accessibility and subsequent transcription of interferons and ISGs. Consequently, ATRX antagonization by viral proteins and ATRX mutations in tumors represent important strategies to broadly compromise both intrinsic and innate immune responses. ATRX is a member of a family of chromatin remodeling proteins required for deposition of the histone variant H3.3 at specific genomic regions. This is important to maintain silencing at these sites. Furthermore, ATRX represents a component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) which are considered as enigmatic nuclear protein accumulations exhibiting a tight link to cell-intrinsic restriction of viral infections. Previous studies demonstrated that many viruses target ATRX by either displacement or degradation. So far, it is believed that this serves to alleviate ATRX-instituted silencing of viral gene expression. Our results reveal a novel and unexpectedly broad function of ATRX as a co-activator of the innate immune response. We show that ATRX is required for both DNA and RNA sensing pathways to activate interferon (IFN) gene expression as well as for upregulation of a distinct set of interferon-stimulated genes. Assessment of chromatin accessibility detected that IFN acts as a switch to regulate the function of ATRX in heterochromatin remodeling. ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. Loss of ATRX due to viral infection or due to tumor mutations may thus broadly compromise cellular innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick König
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Fürstberger
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Bourseguin J, Cheng W, Talbot E, Hardy L, Lai J, Jeffries A, Lodato MA, Lee EA, Khoronenkova S. Persistent DNA damage associated with ATM kinase deficiency promotes microglial dysfunction. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2700-2718. [PMID: 35212385 PMCID: PMC8934660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive genome instability disorder Ataxia-telangiectasia, caused by mutations in ATM kinase, is characterized by the progressive loss of cerebellar neurons. We find that DNA damage associated with ATM loss results in dysfunctional behaviour of human microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglial dysfunction is mediated by the pro-inflammatory RELB/p52 non-canonical NF-κB transcriptional pathway and leads to excessive phagocytic clearance of neuronal material. Activation of the RELB/p52 pathway in ATM-deficient microglia is driven by persistent DNA damage and is dependent on the NIK kinase. Activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling is also observed in cerebellar microglia of individuals with Ataxia-telangiectasia. These results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of aberrant microglial behaviour in ATM deficiency, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in Ataxia-telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bourseguin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Emily Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Liana Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jenny Lai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ailsa M Jeffries
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Lodato
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Svetlana V Khoronenkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
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10
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Yang T, Deng Z, Xu L, Li X, Yang T, Qian Y, Lu Y, Tian L, Yao W, Wang J. Macrophages-aPKC ɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression and Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:23. [PMID: 35033156 PMCID: PMC8760815 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicated that macrophages may mutually interact with cancer cells to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance, but the interaction in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is obscure. METHODS 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing technology was used to identified the role of macrophages in CCA. Then, we measured the expression and prognostic role of macrophage markers and aPKCɩ in 70 human CCA tissues. Moreover, we constructed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and polarized them into M1/M2 macrophages. A co-culture assay of the human CCA cell lines (TFK-1, EGI-1) and differentiated PBMCs-macrophages was established, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo was performed to explore the interaction between cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we established the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of gemcitabine and aPKCɩ-siRNA and detect the antitumor effects in CCA. RESULTS M2 macrophage showed tumor-promoting properties in CCA. High levels of aPKCɩ expression and M2 macrophage infiltration were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in CCA patients. Moreover, CCA patients with low M2 macrophages infiltration or low aPKCɩ expression benefited from postoperative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Further studies showed that M2 macrophages-derived TGFβ1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance in CCA cells through aPKCɩ-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Reciprocally, CCL5 was secreted more by CCA cells undergoing aPKCɩ-induced EMT and consequently modulated macrophage recruitment and polarization. Furthermore, the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of GEM and aPKCɩ-siRNA significantly inhibited macrophages infiltration and CCA progression. CONCLUSION our study demonstrates the role of Macrophages-aPKCɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop in CCA, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy of aPKCɩ-siRNA and GEM co-delivered by liposomes for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengdong Deng
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yawei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Department of Oncology Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Affiliated Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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11
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Song HK, Park SH, Kim HJ, Jang S, Kim T. Alpinia officinarum water extract inhibits the atopic dermatitis-like responses in NC/Nga mice by regulation of inflammatory chemokine production. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112322. [PMID: 34656059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinia officinarum (AO) has been traditionally used in Asia as an herbal medicine to treat inflammatory and internal diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of AO on atopic dermatitis (AD) is unclear. Therefore, we examined whether Alpinia officinarum water extract (AOWex) affects AD in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of AOWex to NC/Nga mice with Dermatophagoies farina extract (DfE)-induced AD-like symptoms significantly reduced the severity of clinical dermatitis, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration into the skin and ear tissue. Decreased total serum IgE, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels were observed in DfE-induced NC/Nga mice in the AOWex-treated group. These effects were confirmed in vitro using HaCaT cells. Treatment with AOWex inhibited the expression of proinflammatory chemokines such as MDC, RANTES, IP-10 and I-TAC in interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of AOWex were due to its inhibitory action on MAPK phosphorylation (ERK and JNK), NF-κB, and STAT1. Furthermore, galangin, protocatechuic acid, and epicatechin from AOWex were identified as candidate anti-AD compounds. These results suggest that AOWex exerts therapeutic effects against AD by alleviating AD-like skin lesions, suppressing inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting major signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Song
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Park
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Winkler C, King M, Berthe J, Ferraioli D, Garuti A, Grillo F, Rodriguez-Canales J, Ferrando L, Chopin N, Ray-Coquard I, Delpuech O, Rinchai D, Bedognetti D, Ballestrero A, Leo E, Zoppoli G. SLFN11 captures cancer-immunity interactions associated with platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146098. [PMID: 34549724 PMCID: PMC8492341 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Large independent analyses on cancer cell lines followed by functional studies have identified Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a putative helicase, as the strongest predictor of sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents (DDAs), including platinum. However, its role as a prognostic biomarker is undefined, partially due to the lack of validated methods to score SLFN11 in human tissues. Here, we implemented a pipeline to quantify SLFN11 in human cancer samples. By analyzing a cohort of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) specimens before platinum-based chemotherapy treatment, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that SLFN11 density in both the neoplastic and microenvironmental components was independently associated with favorable outcome. We observed SLFN11 expression in both infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells, and analyses in a second, independent, cohort revealed that SLFN11 was associated with immune activation in HGSOC. We found that platinum treatments activated immune-related pathways in ovarian cancer cells in an SLFN11-dependent manner, representative of tumor-immune transactivation. Moreover, SLFN11 expression was induced in activated, isolated immune cell subpopulations, hinting that SLFN11 in the immune compartment may be an indicator of immune transactivation. In summary, we propose SLFN11 is a dual biomarker capturing simultaneously interconnected immunological and cancer cell–intrinsic functional dispositions associated with sensitivity to DDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie Berthe
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Garuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and
| | - Federica Grillo
- Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and.,Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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13
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Roy S, Guha Roy D, Bhushan A, Bharatiya S, Chinnaswamy S. Functional genetic variants of the IFN-λ3 (IL28B) gene and transcription factor interactions on its promoter. Cytokine 2021; 142:155491. [PMID: 33725487 PMCID: PMC7611124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3 or IFNL3, formerly IL28B), a type III interferon, modulates immune responses during infection/inflammation. Several human studies have reported an association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IFNL3 locus with expression level of IFNL3. Previous genetic studies, in the context of hepatitis C virus infections, had predicted three regulatory SNPs: rs4803219, rs28416813 and rs4803217 that could have functional/causal roles. Subsequent studies confirmed this prediction for rs28416813 and rs4803217. A dinucleotide TA-repeat variant (rs72258881) has also been reported to be regulating the IFN-λ3 promoter. In this study, we tested all these genetic variants using a sensitive reporter assay. We show that the minor/ancestral alleles of both rs28416813 and rs4803217, together have a strong inhibitory effect on reporter gene expression. We also show an interaction between the two principal transcription factors regulating IFNL3 promoter: IRF7 and NF-kB RelA/p65. We show that IRF7 and p65 physically interact with each other. By using a transient ChIP assay, we show that presence of p65 increases the promoter occupancy of IRF7, thereby leading to synergistic activation of the IFNL3 promoter. We reason that, in contrast to p65, a unique nature of IRF7 binding to its specific DNA sequence makes it more sensitive to changes in DNA phasing. As a result, we see that IRF7, but not p65-mediated transcriptional activity is affected by the phase changes introduced by the TA-repeat polymorphism. Overall, we see that three genetic variants: rs28416813, rs4803217 and rs72258881 could have functional roles in controlling IFNL3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Debarati Guha Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Anand Bhushan
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Seema Bharatiya
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Sreedhar Chinnaswamy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, P.O.:N.S.S., Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.
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14
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Khan A, Jahejo AR, Qiao ML, Han XY, Cheng QQ, Mangi RA, Qadir MF, Zhang D, Bi YH, Wang Y, Gao GF, Tian WX. NF-кB pathway genes expression in chicken erythrocytes infected with avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:666-671. [PMID: 33843365 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1902478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Chicken erythrocytes in blood vessels are the most abundant circulating cells, which participate in the host's immune responses. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a vital role in the inflammatory response following viral infections. However, the expression of the NF-κB pathway, and other immune-related genes in chicken erythrocytes infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV H9N2), has not been extensively studied.2. The following study determined the interaction of LPAIV H9N2 with chicken erythrocytes using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. This was followed by investigating myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE), NF-κB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), NF-κB inhibitor epsilon (NFKBIE), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) by mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h).3. There was a significant interaction between erythrocytes and LPAIV H9N2 virus. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the NF-κB pathway and other immune-related genes were significantly up-regulated at 2 h post-infection in infected chicken erythrocytes, except for TRAF6, which were significantly downregulated. While at 0 h post-infection, IFN-α and CSF3 were significantly upregulated, whereas NFKBIA was significantly downregulated. Further expression of MDA5, CCL5 and NFKBIA was upregulated, while TRAF6 was downregulated at 6 h post-infection. In infected erythrocytes, expression of MyD88, CCL5 and IKBKE was upregulated. However, IFN-α and TRAF6 were downregulated at 10 h post-infection.4. These results give initial evidence that the NF-κB pathway, and other genes related to immunity, in chicken erythrocytes may contribute to LPAIV subtype H9N2 and induce host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - A R Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - M L Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - X Y Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Q Q Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - R A Mangi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - M F Qadir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - D Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Y H Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - G F Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - W X Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
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15
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Iminosugar glucosidase inhibitors reduce hepatic inflammation in HAV-infected Ifnar1-/- mice. J Virol 2021; 95:e0005821. [PMID: 33692213 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00058-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iminosugar compounds are monosaccharide mimetics with broad but generally weak antiviral activities related to inhibition of enzymes involved in glycobiology. Miglustat (N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin), which is approved for treatment of lipid storage diseases in humans, and UV-4 (N-(9-methoxynonyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin), inhibit replication of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in cell culture (IC50 32.13 μM and 8.05 μM, respectively) by blocking the synthesis of gangliosides essential for HAV cell entry. We used a murine model of hepatitis A and targeted mass spectrometry to assess the capacity of these compounds to deplete hepatic gangliosides and modify the course of HAV infection in vivo Miglustat, given by gavage to Ifnar1-/- mice (4800 mg/kg/day) depleted hepatic gangliosides by 69-75%, but caused substantial gastrointestinal toxicity and failed to prevent viral infection. UV-4, similarly administered in high doses (400 mg/kg/day), was well tolerated, but depleted hepatic gangliosides by only 20% after 14 days. UV-4 depletion of gangliosides varied by class. Several GM2 species were paradoxically increased, likely due to inhibition of β-glucosidases that degrade gangliosides. Both compounds enhanced, rather than reduced, virus replication. Nonetheless, both iminosugars had surprising anti-inflammatory effects, blocking the accumulation of inflammatory cells within the liver. UV-4 treatment also resulted in a decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations associated with acute hepatitis A. These anti-inflammatory effects may result from iminosugar inhibition of cellular α-glucosidases, leading to impaired maturation of glycan moieties of chemokine and cytokine receptors, and point to the potential importance of paracrine signaling in the pathogenesis of acute hepatitis A.IMPORTANCEHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of viral hepatitis. Iminosugar compounds block its replication in cultured cells by inhibiting synthesis of gangliosides required for HAV cell entry, but have not been tested for their ability to prevent or treat hepatitis A in vivo We show that high doses of the iminosugars miglustat and UV-4 fail to deplete gangliosides sufficiently to block HAV infection in mice lacking a key interferon receptor. These compounds nonetheless have striking anti-inflammatory effects on the HAV-infected liver, reducing the severity of hepatitis despite enhancing chemokine and cytokine expression resulting from hepatocyte-intrinsic antiviral responses. We propose that iminosugar inhibition of cellular α-glucosidases impairs maturation of glycan moieties of chemokine and cytokine receptors required for effective signaling. These data highlight the potential importance of paracrine signaling pathways in the inflammatory response to HAV, and add to our understanding of HAV pathogenesis in mice.
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16
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Lee YS, Bao X, Lee HH, Jang JJ, Saruuldalai E, Park G, Im WR, Park JL, Kim SY, Shin S, Jeon SH, Kang S, Lee HS, Lee JS, Zhang K, Park EJ, Kim IH, Lee YS. Nc886, a Novel Suppressor of the Type I Interferon Response Upon Pathogen Intrusion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042003. [PMID: 33670458 PMCID: PMC7922379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a crucial component in the innate immune response. Especially the IFN-β signaling operates in most cell types and plays a key role in the first line of defense upon pathogen intrusion. The induction of IFN-β should be tightly controlled, because its hyperactivation can lead to tissue damage or autoimmune diseases. Activation of the IFN-β promoter needs Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3), together with Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Activator Protein 1 (AP-1). Here we report that a human noncoding RNA, nc886, is a novel suppressor for the IFN-β signaling and inflammation. Upon treatment with several pathogen-associated molecular patterns and viruses, nc886 suppresses the activation of IRF3 and also inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 via inhibiting Protein Kinase R (PKR). These events lead to decreased expression of IFN-β and resultantly IFN-stimulated genes. nc886′s role might be to restrict the IFN-β signaling from hyperactivation. Since nc886 expression is regulated by epigenetic and environmental factors, nc886 might explain why innate immune responses to pathogens are variable depending on biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Su Lee
- Division of Clinical Cancer Research, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (X.B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - Jiyoung Joan Jang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - Enkhjin Saruuldalai
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - Gaeul Park
- Division of Clinical Cancer Research, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Wonkyun Ronny Im
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-L.P.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-L.P.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sooyong Shin
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (S.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Sangmin Kang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (X.B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - In-Hoo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (H.-H.L.); (J.J.J.); (E.S.); (W.R.I.); (S.K.); (E.J.P.); (I.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82–31-920-2748; Fax: +82-31-920-2759
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17
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Harari-Steinfeld R, Gefen M, Simerzin A, Zorde-Khvalevsky E, Rivkin M, Ella E, Friehmann T, Gerlic M, Zucman-Rossi J, Caruso S, Leveille M, Estall JL, Goldenberg DS, Giladi H, Galun E, Bromberg Z. The lncRNA H19-Derived MicroRNA-675 Promotes Liver Necroptosis by Targeting FADD. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030411. [PMID: 33499244 PMCID: PMC7866230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The H19-derived microRNA-675 (miR-675) has been implicated as both tumor promoter and tumor suppressor and also plays a role in liver inflammation. We found that miR-675 promotes cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. We show that Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), a mediator of apoptotic cell death signaling, is downregulated by miR-675 and a negative correlation exists between miR-675 and FADD expression in mouse models of HCC (p = 0.014) as well as in human samples (p = 0.017). We demonstrate in a mouse model of liver inflammation that overexpression of miR-675 promotes necroptosis, which can be inhibited by the necroptosis-specific inhibitor Nec-1/Nec-1s. miR-675 induces the level of both p-MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Pseudokinase) and RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein 3), which are key signaling molecules in necroptosis, and enhances MLKL binding to RIP3. miR-675 also inhibits the levels of cleaved caspases 8 and 3, suggesting that miR-675 induces a shift from apoptosis to a necroptotic cellular pathway. In conclusion, downregulation of FADD by miR-675 promotes liver necroptosis in response to inflammatory signals. We propose that this regulation cascade can stimulate and enhance the inflammatory response in the liver, making miR-675 an important regulator in liver inflammation and potentially also in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Harari-Steinfeld
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Maytal Gefen
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alina Simerzin
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Elina Zorde-Khvalevsky
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Mila Rivkin
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ezra Ella
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Tomer Friehmann
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Mordechay Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.Z.-R.); (S.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, HEGP, Service d’Oncologie, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.Z.-R.); (S.C.)
| | - Mélissa Leveille
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Division, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), 110 Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (M.L.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Jennifer L. Estall
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Division, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal (IRCM), 110 Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; (M.L.); (J.L.E.)
| | - Daniel S. Goldenberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Hilla Giladi
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-6777762
| | - Zohar Bromberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.H.-S.); (M.G.); (A.S.); (E.Z.-K.); (M.R.); (E.E.); (T.F.); (D.S.G.); (H.G.); (Z.B.)
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18
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Steinbach K, Vincenti I, Egervari K, Kreutzfeldt M, van der Meer F, Page N, Klimek B, Rossitto-Borlat I, Di Liberto G, Muschaweckh A, Wagner I, Hammad K, Stadelmann C, Korn T, Hartley O, Pinschewer DD, Merkler D. Brain-resident memory T cells generated early in life predispose to autoimmune disease in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/498/eaav5519. [PMID: 31243152 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies associate viral infections during childhood with the risk of developing autoimmune disease during adulthood. However, the mechanistic link between these events remains elusive. We report that transient viral infection of the brain in early life, but not at a later age, precipitates brain autoimmune disease elicited by adoptive transfer of myelin-specific CD4+ T cells at sites of previous infection in adult mice. Early-life infection of mouse brains imprinted a chronic inflammatory signature that consisted of brain-resident memory T cells expressing the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Blockade of CCL5 signaling via C-C chemokine receptor type 5 prevented the formation of brain lesions in a mouse model of autoimmune disease. In mouse and human brain, CCL5+ TRM were located predominantly to sites of microglial activation. This study uncovers how transient brain viral infections in a critical window in life might leave persisting chemotactic cues and create a long-lived permissive environment for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Rossitto-Borlat
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Hammad
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Mintaka Foundation for Medical Research, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine-Haus Petersplatz, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Richard K, Perkins DJ, Harberts EM, Song Y, Gopalakrishnan A, Shirey KA, Lai W, Vlk A, Mahurkar A, Nallar S, Hawkins LD, Ernst RK, Vogel SN. Dissociation of TRIF bias and adjuvanticity. Vaccine 2020; 38:4298-4308. [PMID: 32389496 PMCID: PMC7302928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of "pattern recognition receptors," bind microbial and host-derived molecules, leading to intracellular signaling and proinflammatory gene expression. TLR4 is unique in that ligand-mediated activation requires the co-receptor myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) to initiate two signaling cascades: the MyD88-dependent pathway is initiated at the cell membrane, and elicits rapid MAP kinase and NF-κB activation, while the TIR-domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent pathway is initiated from TLR4-containing endosomes and results in IRF3 activation. Previous studies associated inflammation with the MyD88 pathway and adjuvanticity with the TRIF pathway. Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent TLR4 agonist, and structurally related molecules signal through TLR4 to differing extents. Herein, we compared monophosphoryl lipid A (sMPL) and E6020, two synthetic, non-toxic LPS lipid A analogs used as vaccine adjuvants, for their capacities to activate TLR4-mediated innate immune responses and to enhance antibody production. In mouse macrophages, high dose sMPL activates MyD88-dependent signaling equivalently to E6020, while E6020 exhibits significantly more activation of the TRIF pathway (a "TRIF bias") than sMPL. Eritoran, a TLR4/MD2 antagonist, competitively inhibited sMPL more strongly than E6020. Despite these differences, sMPL and E6020 adjuvants enhanced antibody responses to comparable extents, with balanced immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes in two immunization models. These data indicate that a TRIF bias is not necessarily predictive of superior adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Richard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Darren J Perkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin M Harberts
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry (UMSOD), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Genome Informatics Core, Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), UMSOM, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Archana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wendy Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexandra Vlk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anup Mahurkar
- Genome Informatics Core, Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), UMSOM, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shreeram Nallar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry (UMSOD), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), Baltimore, MD, United States.
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20
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Komissarov AB, Sergeeva MV, Mozhaeva EV, Eshchenko NV, Vasilieva A, Vasilyev KA, Medvedev SP, Malakhova AA, Balakhonova EA, Malanin S, Grigoryeva TV, Zhuravlev ES, Semenov DV, Richter V, Stepanov G. Increase in Sensitivity of HEK293FT Cells to Influenza Infection by CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Knockout of IRF7 Transcription Factor. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Distinct Roles of Interferon Alpha and Beta in Controlling Chikungunya Virus Replication and Modulating Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.00841-19. [PMID: 31619554 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00841-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the innate immune response. Although members of this family of cytokines signal through a single shared receptor, biochemical and functional variation exists in response to different IFN subtypes. While previous work has demonstrated that type I IFNs are essential to control infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a globally emerging alphavirus, the contributions of individual IFN subtypes remain undefined. To address this question, we evaluated CHIKV pathogenesis in mice lacking IFN-β (IFN-β knockout [IFN-β-KO] mice or mice treated with an IFN-β-blocking antibody) or IFN-α (IFN regulatory factor 7 knockout [IRF7-KO] mice or mice treated with a pan-IFN-α-blocking antibody). Mice lacking either IFN-α or IFN-β developed severe clinical disease following infection with CHIKV, with a marked increase in foot swelling compared to wild-type mice. Virological analysis revealed that mice lacking IFN-α sustained elevated infection in the infected ankle and in distant tissues. In contrast, IFN-β-KO mice displayed minimal differences in viral burdens within the ankle or at distal sites and instead had an altered cellular immune response. Mice lacking IFN-β had increased neutrophil infiltration into musculoskeletal tissues, and depletion of neutrophils in IFN-β-KO but not IRF7-KO mice mitigated musculoskeletal disease caused by CHIKV. Our findings suggest disparate roles for the IFN subtypes during CHIKV infection, with IFN-α limiting early viral replication and dissemination and IFN-β modulating neutrophil-mediated inflammation.IMPORTANCE Type I interferons (IFNs) possess a range of biological activity and protect against a number of viruses, including alphaviruses. Despite signaling through a shared receptor, there are established biochemical and functional differences among the IFN subtypes. The significance of our research is in demonstrating that IFN-α and IFN-β both have protective roles during acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection but do so by distinct mechanisms. IFN-α limits CHIKV replication and dissemination, whereas IFN-β protects from CHIKV pathogenesis by limiting inflammation mediated by neutrophils. Our findings support the premise that the IFN subtypes have distinct biological activities in the antiviral response.
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22
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Liu F, Endo Y, Romantseva T, Wu WW, Akue A, Shen RF, Golding H, Zaitseva M. T cell-derived soluble glycoprotein GPIbα mediates PGE 2 production in human monocytes activated with the vaccine adjuvant MDP. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/602/eaat6023. [PMID: 31594856 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants containing analogs of microbial products activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on antigen-presenting cells, including monocytes and macrophages, which can cause prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release and consequently undesired inflammatory responses and fever in vaccine recipients. Here, we studied the mechanism of PGE2 production by human monocytes activated with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) adjuvant, which activates cytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). In rabbits, administration of MDP elicited an early increase in PGE2 followed by fever. In human monocytes, MDP alone did not induce PGE2 production. However, high amounts of PGE2 and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were secreted by monocytes activated with MDP in the presence of conditioned medium obtained from CD3 bead-isolated T cells (Tc CM) but not from those isolated without CD3 beads. Mass spectrometry and immunoblotting revealed that the costimulatory factor in Tc CM was glycoprotein Ib α (GPIbα). Antibody-mediated blockade of GPIbα or of its receptor, Mac-1 integrin, inhibited the secretion of PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in MDP + Tc CM-activated monocytes, whereas recombinant GPIbα protein increased PGE2 production by MDP-treated monocytes. In vivo, COX2 mRNA abundance was reduced in the liver and spleen of Mac-1 KO mice after administration of MDP compared with that of treated wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that the production of PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines by MDP-activated monocytes is mediated by cooperation between two signaling pathways: one delivered by MDP through NOD2 and a second through activation of Mac-1 by T cell-derived GPIbα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Liu
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yukinori Endo
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tatiana Romantseva
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Adovi Akue
- Flow Cytometry Core, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Marina Zaitseva
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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23
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Sankar SB, Pybus AF, Liew A, Sanders B, Shah KJ, Wood LB, Buckley EM. Low cerebral blood flow is a non-invasive biomarker of neuroinflammation after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:544-554. [PMID: 30592976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that non-invasive optical measurement of low cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an acute biomarker of poor long-term cognitive outcome after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Herein, we explore the relationship between acute cerebral blood flow and underlying neuroinflammation. Specifically, because neuroinflammation is a driver of secondary injury after TBI, we hypothesized that both glial activation and inflammatory signaling are associated with acute CBF and, by extension, with long-term cognitive outcome after rmTBI. To test this hypothesis, cortical CBF was non-invasively measured in anesthetized mice 4 h after 3 repetitive closed head injuries spaced once-daily, at which time brains were collected. Right hemispheres were fixed for immunohistochemical staining for glial activation markers Iba1 and GFAP while left hemispheres were used to quantify Iba1 and GFAP expression via Western blot as well as 32 cytokines and 21 phospho-proteins in the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways using a Luminex multiplexed immunoassay. N = 8/7 injured/sham C57/black-6 adult male mice were studied. Within the injured group, CBF inversely correlated with Iba1 expression (R = -0.86, p < .01). Further, partial least squares regression analysis revealed significant correlations between CBF and expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, including RANTES and IL-17. Finally, within the injured group, phosphorylation of specific signals in the MAPK and NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., p38 MAPK and NF-κB) were significantly positively correlated with Iba1. In total, our data indicate that acute cerebral blood flow after rmTBI is a biomarker of underlying neuroinflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara B Sankar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Alyssa F Pybus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Amanda Liew
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Bharat Sanders
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Kajol J Shah
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Erin M Buckley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, USA.
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24
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Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP and Their Roles in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01200-18. [PMID: 30185593 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01200-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infection in young children and high-risk adults. However, a specific treatment for this viral infection is not currently available. In this study, we discovered that an exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC) can serve as a potential therapeutic target for RSV. In both lower and upper epithelial cells, treatment with EPAC inhibitor (ESI-09), but not protein kinase A inhibitor (H89), significantly inhibits RSV replication and proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine induction. In addition, RSV-activated transcriptional factors belonging to the NF-κB and IRF families are also suppressed by ESI-09. Through isoform-specific gene knockdown, we found that EPAC2, but not EPAC1, plays a dominant role in controlling RSV replication and virus-induced host responses. Experiments using both EPAC2 knockout and EPAC2-specific inhibitor support such roles of EPAC2. Therefore, EPAC2 is a promising therapeutic target to regulate RSV replication and associated inflammation.IMPORTANCE RSV is a serious public health problem, as it is associated with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbations. Currently no effective treatment or vaccine is available, and many molecular mechanisms regarding RSV-induced lung disease are still significantly unknown. This project aims to elucidate an important and novel function of a protein, called EPAC2, in RSV replication and innate inflammatory responses. Our results should provide an important insight into the development of new pharmacologic strategies against RSV infection, thereby reducing RSV-associated morbidity and mortality.
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25
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Zheng Z, Yang J, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang M, Fu M, Hu K, Wang H, Luo MH, Gong P, Hu Q. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Nonstructural Protein NS5 Induces RANTES Expression Dependent on the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:53-68. [PMID: 29760190 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the flaviviruses that targets the CNS and causes encephalitis in humans. The mechanism of TBEV that causes CNS destruction remains unclear. It has been reported that RANTES-mediated migration of human blood monocytes and T lymphocytes is specifically induced in the brain of mice infected with TBEV, which causes ensuing neuroinflammation and may contribute to brain destruction. However, the viral components responsible for RANTES induction and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully addressed. In this study, we demonstrate that the NS5, but not other viral proteins of TBEV, induces RANTES production in human glioblastoma cell lines and primary astrocytes. TBEV NS5 appears to activate the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) signaling pathway in a manner dependent on RIG-I/MDA5, which leads to the nuclear translocation of IRF-3 to bind with RANTES promoter. Further studies reveal that the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) but not the RNA cap methyltransferase is critical for TBEV NS5-induced RANTES expression, and this is likely due to RdRP-mediated synthesis of dsRNA. Additional data indicate that the residues at K359, D361, and D664 of TBEV NS5 are critical for RdRP activity and RANTES induction. Of note, NS5s from other flaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, and dengue virus, can also induce RANTES expression, suggesting the significance of NS5-induced RANTES expression in flavivirus pathogenesis. Our findings provide a foundation for further understanding how flaviviruses cause neuroinflammation and a potential viral target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieyu Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China; and
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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26
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Theodoraki MN, Yerneni S, Sarkar SN, Orr B, Muthuswamy R, Voyten J, Modugno F, Jiang W, Grimm M, Basse PH, Bartlett DL, Edwards RP, Kalinski P. Helicase-Driven Activation of NFκB-COX2 Pathway Mediates the Immunosuppressive Component of dsRNA-Driven Inflammation in the Human Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4292-4302. [PMID: 29853604 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Presence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) in tumor microenvironments (TME) is critical for the effectiveness of immune therapies and patients' outcome, whereas regulatory T(reg) cells promote cancer progression. Immune adjuvants, including double-stranded (ds)RNAs, which signal via Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) and helicase (RIG-I/MDA5) pathways, all induce intratumoral production of CTL-attractants, but also Treg attractants and suppressive factors, raising the question of whether induction of these opposing groups of immune mediators can be separated. Here, we use human tumor explant cultures and cell culture models to show that the (ds) RNA Sendai Virus (SeV), poly-I:C, and rintatolimod (poly-I:C12U) all activate the TLR3 pathway involving TRAF3 and IRF3, and induce IFNα, ISG-60, and CXCL10 to promote CTL chemotaxis to ex vivo-treated tumors. However, in contrast with SeV and poly I:C, rintatolimod did not activate the MAVS/helicase pathway, thus avoiding NFκB- and TNFα-dependent induction of COX2, COX2/PGE2-dependent induction of IDO, IL10, CCL22, and CXCL12, and eliminating Treg attraction. Induction of CTL-attractants by either poly I:C or rintatolimod was further enhanced by exogenous IFNα (enhancer of TLR3 expression), whereas COX2 inhibition enhanced the response to poly-I:C only. Our data identify the helicase/NFκB/TNFα/COX2 axis as the key suppressive pathway of dsRNA signaling in human TME and suggest that selective targeting of TLR3 or elimination of NFκB/TNFα/COX2-driven suppression may allow for selective enhancement of type-1 immunity.Significance: This study characterizes two different poly-I:C-induced signaling pathways in their induction of immunostimulatory and suppressive factors and suggests improved ways to reprogram the TME to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4292-302. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Saigopalakrishna Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Saumendra N Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Orr
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Peritoneal/Ovarian Cancer Specialty Care Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jamie Voyten
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Women's Research Institute, Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Peritoneal/Ovarian Cancer Specialty Care Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Weijian Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Melissa Grimm
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Per H Basse
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert P Edwards
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Women's Research Institute, Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Peritoneal/Ovarian Cancer Specialty Care Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Hart P, Copland A, Diogo GR, Harris S, Spallek R, Oehlmann W, Singh M, Basile J, Rottenberg M, Paul MJ, Reljic R. Nanoparticle-Fusion Protein Complexes Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Mol Ther 2018; 26:822-833. [PMID: 29518353 PMCID: PMC5910664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease, and the current vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is inadequate. Nanoparticles (NPs) are an emerging vaccine technology, with recent successes in oncology and infectious diseases. NPs have been exploited as antigen delivery systems and also for their adjuvantic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying their immunological activity remain obscure. Here, we developed a novel mucosal TB vaccine (Nano-FP1) based upon yellow carnauba wax NPs (YC-NPs), coated with a fusion protein consisting of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens: Acr, Ag85B, and HBHA. Mucosal immunization of BCG-primed mice with Nano-FP1 significantly enhanced protection in animals challenged with low-dose, aerosolized Mtb. Bacterial control by Nano-FP1 was associated with dramatically enhanced cellular immunity compared to BCG, including superior CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, tissue-resident memory T cell (Trm) seeding in the lungs, and cytokine polyfunctionality. Alongside these effects, we also observed potent humoral responses, such as the generation of Ag85B-specific serum IgG and respiratory IgA. Finally, we found that YC-NPs were able to activate antigen-presenting cells via an unconventional IRF-3-associated activation signature, without the production of potentially harmful inflammatory mediators, providing a mechanistic framework for vaccine efficacy and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hart
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Alastair Copland
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | | | - Shane Harris
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew John Paul
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- St George's Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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28
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Villeret B, Dieu A, Straube M, Solhonne B, Miklavc P, Hamadi S, Le Borgne R, Mailleux A, Norel X, Aerts J, Diallo D, Rouzet F, Dietl P, Sallenave JM, Garcia-Verdugo I. Silver Nanoparticles Impair Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I-Mediated Mitochondrial Antiviral Immunity by Blocking the Autophagic Flux in Lung Epithelial Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1188-1202. [PMID: 29357226 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are microbicidal agents which could be potentially used as an alternative to antivirals to treat human infectious diseases, especially influenza virus infections where antivirals have generally proven unsuccessful. However, concerns about the use of AgNPs on humans arise from their potential toxicity, although mechanisms are not well-understood. We show here, in the context of an influenza virus infection of lung epithelial cells, that AgNPs down-regulated influenza induced CCL-5 and -IFN-β release (two cytokines important in antiviral immunity) through RIG-I inhibition, while enhancing IL-8 production, a cytokine important for mobilizing host antibacterial responses. AgNPs activity was independent of coating and was not observed with gold nanoparticles. Down-stream analysis indicated that AgNPs disorganized the mitochondrial network and prevented the antiviral IRF-7 transcription factor influx into the nucleus. Importantly, we showed that the modulation of RIG-I-IRF-7 pathway was concomitant with inhibition of either classical or alternative autophagy (ATG-5- and Rab-9 dependent, respectively), depending on the epithelial cell type used. Altogether, this demonstration of a AgNPs-mediated functional dichotomy (down-regulation of IFN-dependent antiviral responses and up-regulation of IL-8-dependent antibacterial responses) may have practical implications for their use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berengere Villeret
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Dieu
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Marjolene Straube
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Pika Miklavc
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford , Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Sena Hamadi
- Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR7182), CNRS, UPEC , F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Rémi Le Borgne
- ImagoSeine, Electron Microscopy Facility, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Inserm U1148, UMR-S1148, University Paris Nord , 75018 Paris, France
| | - Joel Aerts
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, U1148, Inserm , 75013 Paris, France
| | - Devy Diallo
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, U1148, Inserm , 75013 Paris, France
| | - Francois Rouzet
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, U1148, Inserm , 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- INSERM, UMR U1152, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Remodeling), University Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
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29
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Jongstra-Bilen J, Zhang CX, Wisnicki T, Li MK, White-Alfred S, Ilaalagan R, Ferri DM, Deonarain A, Wan MH, Hyduk SJ, Cummins CL, Cybulsky MI. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Loading of Macrophages Downregulates TLR-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in a Gene-Specific and Temporal Manner through Transcriptional Control. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2149-2157. [PMID: 28784845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis and leads to the uptake of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages (Mϕs) and foam cell formation. Inflammatory processes accompany Mϕ foam cell formation in the artery wall, yet the relationship between Mϕ lipid loading and their response to inflammatory stimuli remains elusive. We investigated proinflammatory gene expression in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal Mϕs, bone marrow-derived Mϕs and dendritic cells, and RAW264.7 cells. Loading with oxLDL did not induce peritoneal Mϕ apoptosis or modulate basal-level expression of proinflammatory genes. Upon stimulation of TLR4, the rapid induction of IFN-β was inhibited in cells loaded with oxLDL, whereas the induction of other proinflammatory genes by TLR4 (LPS), TLR3 (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid), TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), and TLR9 (CpG) remained comparable within the first 2 h. Subsequently, the expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5) was reduced in oxLDL-loaded cells at the level of transcription. This phenomenon was partially dependent on NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) but not on nuclear liver X receptors α and β (LXRα,β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and intracellular signaling by NF-κB and MAPK pathways were comparable in oxLDL-loaded Mϕs, yet the binding of p65/RelA (the prototypic NF-κB family member) was reduced at IL-6 and CCL5 promoters. This study revealed that oxLDL loading of Mϕs negatively regulates transcription at late stages of TLR-induced proinflammatory gene expression and implicates epigenetic mechanisms such as histone deacetylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Timothy Wisnicki
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mengyi K Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samantha White-Alfred
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ragave Ilaalagan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dario M Ferri
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ashley Deonarain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mark H Wan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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30
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Brauß TF, Winslow S, Lampe S, Scholz A, Weigert A, Dehne N, von Stedingk K, Schmid T, Brüne B. The RNA-binding protein HuR inhibits expression of CCL5 and limits recruitment of macrophages into tumors. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2620-2629. [PMID: 28731284 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuR promotes tumor growth by affecting proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Although immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophages, are critical components of the tumor stroma, the influence of HuR in tumors on the recruitment of immune cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we, therefore, aimed to elucidate the impact of tumor cell HuR on the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages. To this end, we stably depleted HuR in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that HuR-deficient cells not only showed reduced proliferation, they further expressed elevated levels of the chemokine CCL5. HuR-dependent repression of CCL5 was neither caused by altered CCL5 mRNA stability, nor by changes in CCL5 translation. Instead, loss of HuR augmented transcription of CCL5, which was mediated via an interferon-stimulated response element in the CCL5 promoter. Furthermore, HuR depletion enhanced macrophage recruitment into MCF-7 tumor spheroids, an effect which was completely lost upon neutralization of CCL5. HuR expression further negatively correlated with CCL5 expression and macrophage appearance in a cohort of breast tumors. Thus, while HuR is well-characterized to support various pro-tumorigenic features in tumor cells, we provide evidence that it limits the recruitment of macrophages into tumors by repressing CCL5. As macrophage infiltration is associated with poor prognosis, our findings underline the highly cell-type and context specific role of HuR in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo F Brauß
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lampe
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anica Scholz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dehne
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry 1, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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31
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Bustos-Arriaga J, Mita-Mendoza NK, Lopez-Gonzalez M, García-Cordero J, Juárez-Delgado FJ, Gromowski GD, Méndez-Cruz RA, Fairhurst RM, Whitehead SS, Cedillo-Barrón L. Soluble mediators produced by the crosstalk between microvascular endothelial cells and dengue-infected primary dermal fibroblasts inhibit dengue virus replication and increase leukocyte transmigration. Immunol Res 2016; 64:392-403. [PMID: 26130295 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When dengue virus (DENV)-infected mosquitoes use their proboscis to probe into human skin during blood feeding, both saliva and virus are released. During this process, cells from the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin, along with small blood vessels, may get exposed to or infected with DENV. In these microenvironments of the skin, the presence of DENV initiates a complex interplay among the DENV-infected and non-infected neighboring cells at the initial bite site. Previous studies suggested that DENV-infected human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) participate in the immune response against DENV by secreting soluble mediators of innate immunity. In the present study, we investigated whether DENV-infected HDFs activate human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) in co-cultures. Our results suggest that co-cultures of DENV-infected HDFs and HDMECs elicit soluble mediators that are sufficient to reduce viral replication, activate HDMECs, and induce leukocyte migration through HDMEC monolayers. These effects were partly dependent on HDF donor and DENV serotype, which may provide novel insights into the natural variation in host susceptibility to DENV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bustos-Arriaga
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neida K Mita-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Moises Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - René A Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología UMF, FES Iztacala, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Rick M Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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32
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Wang Y, Liu T, Yang N, Xu S, Li X, Wang D. Hypoxia and macrophages promote glioblastoma invasion by the CCL4-CCR5 axis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3522-3528. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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33
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Zhang X, Zheng Z, Liu X, Shu B, Mao P, Bai B, Hu Q, Luo M, Ma X, Cui Z, Wang H. Tick-borne encephalitis virus induces chemokine RANTES expression via activation of IRF-3 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:209. [PMID: 27576490 PMCID: PMC5004318 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most important flaviviruses that targets the central nervous system (CNS) and causes encephalitides in humans. Although neuroinflammatory mechanisms may contribute to brain tissue destruction, the induction pathways and potential roles of specific chemokines in TBEV-mediated neurological disease are poorly understood. Methods BALB/c mice were intracerebrally injected with TBEV, followed by evaluation of chemokine and cytokine profiles using protein array analysis. The virus-infected mice were treated with the CC chemokine antagonist Met-RANTES or anti-RANTES mAb to determine the role of RANTES in affecting TBEV-induced neurological disease. The underlying signaling mechanisms were delineated using RANTES promoter luciferase reporter assay, siRNA-mediated knockdown, and pharmacological inhibitors in human brain-derived cell culture models. Results In a mouse model, pathological features including marked inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in brain sections, which correlated with a robust up-regulation of RANTES within the brain but not in peripheral tissues and sera. Antagonizing RANTES within CNS extended the survival of mice and reduced accumulation of infiltrating cells in the brain after TBEV infection. Through in vitro studies, we show that virus infection up-regulated RANTES production at both mRNA and protein levels in human brain-derived cell lines and primary progenitor-derived astrocytes. Furthermore, IRF-3 pathway appeared to be essential for TBEV-induced RANTES production. Site mutation of an IRF-3-binding motif abrogated the RANTES promoter activity in virus-infected brain cells. Moreover, IRF-3 was activated upon TBEV infection as evidenced by phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF-3, while blockade of IRF-3 activation drastically reduced virus-induced RANTES expression. Conclusions Our findings together provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying RANTES production induced by TBEV, highlighting its potential importance in the process of neuroinflammatory responses to TBEV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0665-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bingke Bai
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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34
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Li W, Zhu Z, Cao W, Yang F, Zhang X, Li D, Zhang K, Li P, Mao R, Liu X, Zheng H. Esterase D enhances type I interferon signal transduction to suppress foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. Mol Immunol 2016; 75:112-21. [PMID: 27267271 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic activities of esterase D (ESD) are involved in many human diseases. However, no antiviral property of ESD has been described to date. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of foot-and-mouth disease. In this study, we showed that FMDV infection triggered ESD expression. Overexpression of ESD significantly suppressed FMDV replication and knockdown of ESD expression enhanced virus replication, showing an essential antiviral role of ESD. Furthermore, we found that Sendai-virus-induced interferon (IFN) signaling was enhanced by upregulation of ESD, and ESD promoted activation of the IFN-β promoter simulated by IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 or its upstream molecules (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, virus-induced signaling adaptor and TANK binding kinase 1). Detailed analysis revealed that ESD protein enhanced IRF3 phosphorylation during FMDV infection. Overexpression of ESD also promoted the expression of various antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and knockdown of ESD impaired the expression of these antiviral genes during FMDV infection. Our findings demonstrate a new mechanism evolved by ESD to enhance type I IFN signal transduction and suppress viral replication during FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ruoqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
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Cong Y, McArthur MA, Cohen M, Jahrling PB, Janosko KB, Josleyn N, Kang K, Zhang T, Holbrook MR. Characterization of Yellow Fever Virus Infection of Human and Non-human Primate Antigen Presenting Cells and Their Interaction with CD4+ T Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004709. [PMID: 27191161 PMCID: PMC4871483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans infected with yellow fever virus (YFV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, can develop illness ranging from a mild febrile disease to hemorrhagic fever and death. The 17D vaccine strain of YFV was developed in the 1930s, has been used continuously since development and has proven very effective. Genetic differences between vaccine and wild-type viruses are few, yet viral or host mechanisms associated with protection or disease are not fully understood. Over the past 20 years, a number of cases of vaccine-associated disease have been identified following vaccination with 17D; these cases have been correlated with reduced immune status at the time of vaccination. Recently, several studies have evaluated T cell responses to vaccination in both humans and non-human primates, but none have evaluated the response to wild-type virus infection. In the studies described here, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and dendritic cells (MoDC) from both humans and rhesus macaques were evaluated for their ability to support infection with either wild-type Asibi virus or the 17D vaccine strain and the host cytokine and chemokine response characterized. Human MoDC and MDM were also evaluated for their ability to stimulate CD4+ T cells. It was found that MoDC and MDM supported viral replication and that there were differential cytokine responses to infection with either wild-type or vaccine viruses. Additionally, MoDCs infected with live 17D virus were able to stimulate IFN-γ and IL-2 production in CD4+ T cells, while cells infected with Asibi virus were not. These data demonstrate that wild-type and vaccine YFV stimulate different responses in target antigen presenting cells and that wild-type YFV can inhibit MoDC activation of CD4+ T cells, a critical component in development of protective immunity. These data provide initial, but critical insight into regulatory capabilities of wild-type YFV in development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cong
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monica A. McArthur
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melanie Cohen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Krisztina B. Janosko
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole Josleyn
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kai Kang
- Gears Inc., Lanham, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Dileepan M, Sarver AE, Rao SP, Panettieri RA, Subramanian S, Kannan MS. MicroRNA Mediated Chemokine Responses in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150842. [PMID: 26998837 PMCID: PMC4801396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of asthma due to their hypercontractility and their ability to proliferate and secrete inflammatory mediators. microRNAs (miRNAs) are gene regulators that control many signaling pathways and thus serve as potential therapeutic alternatives for many diseases. We have previously shown that miR-708 and miR-140-3p regulate the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in human ASM (HASM) cells following TNF-α exposure. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of these miRNAs on other asthma-related genes. Microarray analysis using the Illumina platform was performed with total RNA extracted from miR-708 (or control miR)-transfected HASM cells. Inhibition of candidate inflammation-associated gene expression was further validated by qPCR and ELISA. The most significant biologic functions for the differentially expressed gene set included decreased inflammatory response, cytokine expression and signaling. qPCR revealed inhibition of expression of CCL11, CXCL10, CCL2 and CXCL8, while the release of CCL11 was inhibited in miR-708-transfected cells. Transfection of cells with miR-140-3p resulted in inhibition of expression of CCL11, CXCL12, CXCL10, CCL5 and CXCL8 and of TNF-α-induced CXCL12 release. In addition, expression of RARRES2, CD44 and ADAM33, genes known to contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma, were found to be inhibited in miR-708-transfected cells. These results demonstrate that miR-708 and miR-140-3p exert distinct effects on inflammation-associated gene expression and biological function of ASM cells. Targeting these miRNA networks may provide a novel therapeutic mechanism to down-regulate airway inflammation and ASM proliferation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythili Dileepan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Sarver
- Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Savita P. Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mathur S. Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huynh J, Scholz GM, Aw J, Kwa MQ, Achuthan A, Hamilton JA, Reynolds EC. IRF6 Regulates the Expression of IL-36γ by Human Oral Epithelial Cells in Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2230-8. [PMID: 26819203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) help to shape the immune response to pathogens by imparting signaling specificity to individual TLRs. We recently demonstrated that IRF6 provides specificity to TLR2 signaling in oral epithelial cells. TLR2 plays an important role in eliciting inflammation to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. Therefore, we investigated a role for IRF6 in mediating the inflammatory cytokine response of oral epithelial cells to P. gingivalis. IRF6 expression was strongly upregulated when human oral epithelial cells were challenged with P. gingivalis. Moreover, gene silencing and gene promoter experiments indicated that IRF6 acts downstream of IL-1R-associated kinase 1 to stimulate the expression of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-36γ in response to P. gingivalis. IRF6 and IL-1R-associated kinase 1 also regulated the stimulation of IL-36γ expression by a TLR2 agonist. IL-36γ was shown to elicit inflammatory responses by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages, including the expression of the neutrophil chemokines IL-8 and CXCL1, as well as the Th17 chemokine CCL20. IL-36γ similarly stimulated their expression by human oral epithelial cells. Significantly, the Th17 cytokine IL-17 not only stimulated the expression of important regulators of neutrophil recruitment and survival by oral epithelial cells, but IL-17 also stimulated them to express IL-36γ. Thus, our findings suggest that IRF6 is likely to promote inflammation to P. gingivalis through its regulation of IL-36γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huynh
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
| | - Glen M Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
| | - Jiamin Aw
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
| | - Mei Qi Kwa
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; and
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in Murine Macrophages Impairs IFN-β Response but Not Synthesis. Viruses 2015; 7:5361-74. [PMID: 26501312 PMCID: PMC4632387 DOI: 10.3390/v7102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferon (IFN-I) production is an early response to viral infection and pathogenic viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade this cellular defense. Some viruses can establish and maintain persistent infections by altering the IFN-I signaling pathway. Here, we studied IFN-I synthesis and response in an in vitro model of persistent infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a murine macrophage-like cell line. In this model, interferon regulatory factor 3 was constitutively active and located at nuclei of persistently infected cells, inducing expression of IFN-beta mRNA and protein. However, persistently infected macrophages did not respond in an autocrine manner to the secreted-IFN-beta or to recombinant-IFN-beta, since phosphorylated-STAT1 was not detected by western blot and transcription of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) Mx1 and ISG56 was not induced. Treatment of non-infected macrophages with supernatants from persistently infected cells induced STAT1 phosphorylation and ISGs expression, mediated by the IFN-I present in the supernatants, because blocking the IFN-I receptor inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation. Results suggest that the lack of autocrine response to IFN-I by the host cell may be one mechanism for maintenance of RSV persistence. Furthermore, STAT1 phosphorylation and ISGs expression induced in non-infected cells by supernatants from persistently infected macrophages suggest that RSV persistence may trigger a proinflammatory phenotype in non-infected cells as part of the pathogenesis of RSV infection.
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Li S, Pinard M, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin R, Hiscott J, Su B, Brodt P. Crosstalk between the TNF and IGF pathways enhances NF-κB activation and signaling in cancer cells. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:253-261. [PMID: 26239406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for type I insulin like growth factor (IGF-IR) and NFκB signaling both play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression but relatively little is known about possible crosstalk between these pathways. We have shown that the IGF-IR could rescue lung and colon carcinoma cells from Tumor necrosis factor -α (ΤΝF-α)-induced apoptosis by activating autocrine, pro-survival IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling, suggesting that IGF-IR expression could alter NF-κB signaling that is required for transcriptional activation of IL-6. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to determine if and how IGF-IR signaling promotes TNF-α-induced NFκB activation. DESIGN We used lung carcinoma M-27 and colon carcinoma MC-38 cells to investigate IGF-IR-induced changes to the IKK/IκBα/NFκB pathway by a combination of qPCR, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a reporter assay and gene silencing. RESULTS We show that in the presence of increased IGF-IR expression or activation levels, nuclear translocation of NFκB in response to TNF-α was enhanced in lung and colon carcinoma cells and this was due to accelerated phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. This effect was AKT-dependent and mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3(MEKK3) activation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ligand-mediated activation of IGF-IR alters NF-κB signaling in cancer cells in an AKT/MEKK3-dependent manner and that temporal aspects of NF-κB activation can regulate the cytokine profile of the tumor cells and thereby, their interaction with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinard
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Yunling Wang
- Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Long Yang
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - John Hiscott
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Canada; The Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Bing Su
- Dept of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Dept of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada; Dept of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Canada.
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TLR3 drives IRF6-dependent IL-23p19 expression and p19/EBI3 heterodimer formation in keratinocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:771-9. [PMID: 26303210 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members impart cell-type specificity to toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, and we recently identified a role for IRF6 in TLR2 signalling in epithelial cells. TLR3 has a well-characterized role in wound healing in the skin, and here, we examined TLR3-dependent IRF6 functions in human keratinocytes. Primary keratinocytes responded robustly to the TLR3 agonist poly(IC) with upregulation of mRNAs for interferon-β (IFN-β), the interleukin-12 (IL-12) family member IL-23p19 and the chemokines IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5). Silencing of IRF6 expression enhanced poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β mRNA levels and inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 mRNA expression in primary keratinocytes. Consistent with these data, co-transfection of IRF6 increased poly(IC)-inducible IL-23p19 promoter activity, but inhibited poly(IC)-inducible IFN-β promoter activity in reporter assays. Surprisingly, poly(IC) did not regulate IL-12p40 expression in keratinocytes, suggesting that TLR3-inducible IL-23p19 may have an IL-23-independent function in these cells. The only other IL-12 family member that was strongly poly(IC) inducible was EBI3, which has not been shown to heterodimerize with IL-23p19. Both co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays revealed that IL-23p19 and EBI3 interact in cells. Co-expression of IL-23p19 and EBI3, as compared with IL-23p19 alone, resulted in increased levels of secreted IL-23p19, implying a functional role for this heterodimer. In summary, we report that IRF6 regulates a subset of TLR3 responses in human keratinocytes, including the production of a novel IL-12 family heterodimer (p19/EBI3). We propose that the TLR3-IRF6-p19/EBI3 axis may regulate keratinocyte and/or immune cell functions in the context of cell damage and wound healing in the skin.
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41
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Khunchai S, Junking M, Suttitheptumrong A, Kooptiwut S, Haegeman G, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT. NF-κB is required for dengue virus NS5-induced RANTES expression. Virus Res 2014; 197:92-100. [PMID: 25523420 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection associates with renal disorders. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever and acute kidney injury have a high mortality rate. Increased levels of cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of DENV-induced kidney injury. Currently, molecular mechanisms how DENV induces kidney cell injury has not been thoroughly investigated. Excessive cytokine production may be involved in this process. Using human cytokine RT(2) Profiler PCR array, 14 genes including IP-10, RANTES, IL-8, CXCL-9 and MIP-1β were up-regulated more than 2 folds in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells compared to that of mock-infected HEK 293 cells. In the present study, RANTES was suppressed by the NF-κB inhibitor, compound A (CpdA), in DENV-infected HEK 293 cells implying the role of NF-κB in RANTES expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that NF-κB binds more efficiently to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter in NS5-transfected HEK 293 cells than in HEK 293 cells expressing the vector lacking NS5 gene. To further examine whether the NS5-activated RANTES promoter is mediated through NF-κB, the two NF-κB binding sites on the RANTES promoter were mutated and this promoter was coupled to the luciferase cDNA. The result showed that when both binding sites of NF-κB in the RANTES promoter were mutated, the ability of NS5 to induce the luciferase activity was significantly decreased. Therefore, DENV NS5 activates RANTES production by increasing NF-κB binding to its binding sites on the RANTES promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Khunchai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Suwattanee Kooptiwut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Guy Haegeman
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Nilsen NJ, Vladimer GI, Stenvik J, Orning MPA, Zeid-Kilani MV, Bugge M, Bergstroem B, Conlon J, Husebye H, Hise AG, Fitzgerald KA, Espevik T, Lien E. A role for the adaptor proteins TRAM and TRIF in toll-like receptor 2 signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3209-22. [PMID: 25505250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in sensing invading microbes by host innate immunity. TLR2 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins/lipopeptides, and lipopolysaccharide activates TLR4. TLR2 and TLR4 signal via the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor adaptors MyD88 and MAL, leading to NF-κB activation. TLR4 also utilizes the adaptors TRAM and TRIF, resulting in activation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3. Here, we report a new role for TRAM and TRIF in TLR2 regulation and signaling. Interestingly, we observed that TLR2-mediated induction of the chemokine Ccl5 was impaired in TRAM or TRIF deficient macrophages. Inhibition of endocytosis reduced Ccl5 release, and the data also suggested that TRAM and TLR2 co-localize in early endosomes, supporting the hypothesis that signaling may occur from an intracellular compartment. Ccl5 release following lipoprotein challenge additionally involved the kinase Tbk-1 and Irf3, as well as MyD88 and Irf1. Induction of Interferon-β and Ccl4 by lipoproteins was also partially impaired in cells lacking TRIF cells. Our results show a novel function of TRAM and TRIF in TLR2-mediated signal transduction, and the findings broaden our understanding of how Toll/interleukin-1 receptor adaptor proteins may participate in signaling downstream from TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadra J Nilsen
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and the KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway,
| | - Gregory I Vladimer
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and
| | - Maria V Zeid-Kilani
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Marit Bugge
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Bjarte Bergstroem
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Joseph Conlon
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and
| | - Harald Husebye
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Amy G Hise
- the Center for Global Health and Diseases and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and
| | - Terje Espevik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and the KG Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and
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Interferon regulatory factor 7 is involved in the growth of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocytes. Virus Res 2014; 195:112-8. [PMID: 25300801 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-7 (IRF7) is closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated transformation of B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact role of IRF7 in viral transformation is not clear. We have found that knockdown of IRF7 leads to growth inhibition of EBV-transformed cells, and restoration of IRF7 by exogenous plasmid correlates with growth recovery of the viral transformed cells. In addition, IRF7-knockdown cells have a lower proliferation but a higher apoptotic rate than control cells. Moreover, reduction of IRF7 leads to reduction of major viral oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Our data suggest that IRF7 may be a factor in EBV transformation and a useful target in the therapy of EBV-mediated neoplasia.
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Mapping of transcription factor motifs in active chromatin identifies IRF5 as key regulator in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4513-22. [PMID: 25288773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406985111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated transcription factor (TF) activities are commonly observed in hematopoietic malignancies. Understanding tumorigenesis therefore requires determining the function and hierarchical role of individual TFs. To identify TFs central to lymphomagenesis, we identified lymphoma type-specific accessible chromatin by global mapping of DNaseI hypersensitive sites and analyzed enriched TF-binding motifs in these regions. Applying this unbiased approach to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a common B-cell-derived lymphoma with a complex pattern of deregulated TFs, we discovered interferon regulatory factor (IRF) sites among the top enriched motifs. High-level expression of the proinflammatory TF IRF5 was specific to HL cells and crucial for their survival. Furthermore, IRF5 initiated a regulatory cascade in human non-Hodgkin B-cell lines and primary murine B cells by inducing the TF AP-1 and cooperating with NF-κB to activate essential characteristic features of HL. Our strategy efficiently identified a lymphoma type-specific key regulator and uncovered a tumor promoting role of IRF5.
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45
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Breast cancer cells condition lymphatic endothelial cells within pre-metastatic niches to promote metastasis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4715. [PMID: 25178650 PMCID: PMC4351998 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis involves lymphatic dissemination in addition to hematogenous spreading. Although stromal lymphatic vessels (LVs) serve as initial metastatic routes, roles of organ-residing LVs are under-investigated. Here we show that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), a component of LVs within pre-metastatic niches, are conditioned by triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to accelerate metastasis. LECs within the lungs and lymph nodes, conditioned by tumor-secreted factors express CCL5 that is not expressed either in normal LECs or cancer cells, and direct tumor dissemination into these tissues. Moreover, tumor-conditioned LECs promote angiogenesis in these organs, allowing tumor extravasation and colonization. Mechanistically, tumor cell-secreted IL6 causes Stat3 phosphorylation in LECs. This pStat3 induces HIF-1α and VEGF, and a pStat3-pc-Jun-pATF-2 ternary complex induces CCL5 expression in LECs. This study demonstrates anti-metastatic activities of multiple repurposed drugs, blocking a self-reinforcing paracrine loop between breast cancer cells and LECs.
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Kolokoltsova OA, Yun NE, Paessler S. Reactive astrogliosis in response to hemorrhagic fever virus: microarray profile of Junin virus-infected human astrocytes. Virol J 2014; 11:126. [PMID: 25015256 PMCID: PMC4113780 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arenavirus Junin is the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Limited information is available concerning the pathogenesis of this human disease, especially the pathogenesis of acute and late neurological symptoms. METHODS In our study we present for the first time cDNA microarray profile of human astrocytes infected with the virulent strain of Junin virus. Transcriptional profiling was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and cytokine/chemokine/growth factor assay. RESULTS We demonstrated the impact of virus infection on immune/inflammatory response/interferon signaling and apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic response and amplification with time of pro-inflammatory cascade of human astrocytes suggested neurodegenerative dysfunctional reactive astrogliosis in response to Junin virus infection. CONCLUSION Our results suggest potential pathogenic role of astroglial cells in the development of neurological symptoms and late neurological syndrome during Argentine hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Huang J, Hsu YH, Mo C, Abreu E, Kiel DP, Bonewald LF, Brotto M, Karasik D. METTL21C is a potential pleiotropic gene for osteoporosis and sarcopenia acting through the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1531-1540. [PMID: 24677265 PMCID: PMC4074268 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are important public health problems that occur concurrently. A bivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified METTL21c as a suggestive pleiotropic gene for both bone and muscle. The METTL21 family of proteins methylates chaperones involved in the etiology of both myopathy and inclusion body myositis with Paget's disease. To validate these GWAS results, Mettl21c mRNA expression was reduced with siRNA in a mouse myogenic C2C12 cell line and the mouse osteocyte-like cell line MLO-Y4. At day 3, as C2C12 myoblasts start to differentiate into myotubes, a significant reduction in the number of myocytes aligning/organizing for fusion was observed in the siRNA-treated cells. At day 5, both fewer and smaller myotubes were observed in the siRNA-treated cells as confirmed by histomorphometric analyses and immunostaining with myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibody, which only stains myocytes/myotubes but not myoblasts. Intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) measurements of the siRNA-treated myotubes showed a decrease in maximal amplitude peak response to caffeine, suggesting that less Ca(2+) is available for release due to the partial silencing of Mettl21c, correlating with impaired myogenesis. In siRNA-treated MLO-Y4 cells, 48 hours after treatment with dexamethasone there was a significant increase in cell death, suggesting a role of Mettl21c in osteocyte survival. To investigate the molecular signaling machinery induced by the partial silencing of Mettl21c, we used a real-time PCR gene array to monitor the activity of 10 signaling pathways. We discovered that Mettl21c knockdown modulated only the NF-κB signaling pathway (ie, Birc3, Ccl5, and Tnf). These results suggest that Mettl21c might exert its bone-muscle pleiotropic function via the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is critical for bone and muscle homeostasis. These studies also provide rationale for cellular and molecular validation of GWAS, and warrant additional in vitro and in vivo studies to advance our understanding of role of METTL21C in musculoskeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Muscle Biology Research Group, Schools of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Muscle Biology Research Group, Schools of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO
| | - Eduardo Abreu
- Muscle Biology Research Group, Schools of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynda F. Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Maxrco Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, Schools of Nursing & Health Studies, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Kwa MQ, Nguyen T, Huynh J, Ramnath D, De Nardo D, Lam PY, Reynolds EC, Hamilton JA, Sweet MJ, Scholz GM. Interferon regulatory factor 6 differentially regulates Toll-like receptor 2-dependent chemokine gene expression in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19758-68. [PMID: 24872416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal and mucosal epithelial cells are integral to host defense. They not only act as a physical barrier but also utilize pattern recognition receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), to detect and respond to pathogens. Members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors are key components of TLR signaling as they impart specificity to downstream responses. Although IRF6 is a critical regulator of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, its role in TLR signaling has not previously been addressed. We show here that IRF6 is activated by IRAK1 as well as by MyD88 but not by TRIF or TBK1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further demonstrated that IRF6 can interact with IRAK1. Gene silencing in epithelial cells along with gene promoter reporter assays showed that IRAK1 mediates TLR2-inducible CCL5 gene expression at least in part by promoting IRF6 activation. Conversely, IRAK1 regulated CXCL8 gene expression independently of IRF6, thus identifying a molecular mechanism by which TLR2 signaling differentially regulates the expression of specific chemokines in epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analysis and mutagenesis-based experiments identified Ser-413 and Ser-424 as key regulatory sites in IRF6. Phosphomimetic mutation of these residues resulted in greatly enhanced IRF6 dimerization and trans-activator function. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in addition to its importance for epithelial barrier function, IRF6 also contributes to host defense by providing specificity to the regulation of inflammatory chemokine expression by TLR2 in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qi Kwa
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Divya Ramnath
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Pui Yeng Lam
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Glen M Scholz
- From the Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, and Bio21 Institute, and Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
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Human osteoarthritic cartilage shows reduced in vivo expression of IL-4, a chondroprotective cytokine that differentially modulates IL-1β-stimulated production of chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96925. [PMID: 24819779 PMCID: PMC4018406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoarthritis (OA), an inflammatory environment is responsible for the imbalance between the anabolic and catabolic activity of chondrocytes and, thus, for articular cartilage derangement. This study was aimed at providing further insight into the impairment of the anabolic cytokine IL-4 and its receptors in human OA cartilage, as well as the potential ability of IL-4 to antagonize the catabolic phenotype induced by IL-1β. Methodology/Principal Findings The in vivo expression of IL-4 and IL-4 receptor subunits (IL-4R, IL-2Rγ, IL-13Rα1) was investigated on full thickness OA or normal knee cartilage. IL-4 expression was found to be significantly lower in OA, both in terms of the percentage of positive cells and the amount of signal per cell. IL-4 receptor type I and II were mostly expressed in mid-deep cartilage layers. No significant difference for each IL-4 receptor subunit was noted. IL-4 anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic activity was assessed in vitro in the presence of IL-1β and/or IL-4 for 24 hours using differentiated high density primary OA chondrocyte also exhibiting the three IL-4 R subunits found in vivo. Chemokines, extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their inhibitors were evaluated at mRNA (real time PCR) and protein (ELISA or western blot) levels. IL-4 did not affect IL-1β-induced mRNA expression of GRO-α/CXCL1, IL-8/CXCL8, ADAMTS-5, TIMP-1 or TIMP-3. Conversely, IL-4 significantly inhibited RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4. These results were confirmed at protein level for RANTES/CCL5 and MMP-13. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate for the first time that OA cartilage has a significantly lower expression of IL-4. Furthermore, we found differences in the spectrum of biological effects of IL-4. The findings that IL-4 has the ability to hamper the IL-1β-induced release of both MMP-13 and CCL5/RANTES, both markers of OA chondrocytes, strongly indicates IL-4 as a pivotal anabolic cytokine in cartilage whose impairment impacts on OA pathogenesis.
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Gürtler C, Carty M, Kearney J, Schattgen SA, Ding A, Fitzgerald KA, Bowie AG. SARM regulates CCL5 production in macrophages by promoting the recruitment of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to the Ccl5 promoter. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4821-32. [PMID: 24711619 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The four Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor proteins MyD88, MAL, TRIF, and TRAM are well established as essential mediators of TLR signaling and gene induction following microbial detection. In contrast, the function of the fifth, most evolutionarily conserved Toll/IL-1R adaptor, sterile α and HEAT/Armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM), has remained more elusive. Recent studies of Sarm(-/-) mice have highlighted a role for SARM in stress-induced neuronal cell death and immune responses in the CNS. However, whether SARM has a role in immune responses in peripheral myeloid immune cells is less clear. Thus, we characterized TLR-induced cytokine responses in SARM-deficient murine macrophages and discovered a requirement for SARM in CCL5 production, whereas gene induction of TNF, IL-1β, CCL2, and CXCL10 were SARM-independent. SARM was not required for TLR-induced activation of MAPKs or of transcription factors implicated in CCL5 induction, namely NF-κB and IFN regulatory factors, nor for Ccl5 mRNA stability or splicing. However, SARM was critical for the recruitment of transcription factors and of RNA polymerase II to the Ccl5 promoter. Strikingly, the requirement of SARM for CCL5 induction was not restricted to TLR pathways, as it was also apparent in cytosolic RNA and DNA responses. Thus, this study identifies a new role for SARM in CCL5 expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gürtler
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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