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Sanchez-Schmitz G, Stevens CR, Bettencourt IA, Flynn PJ, Schmitz-Abe K, Metser G, Hamm D, Jensen KJ, Benn C, Levy O. Microphysiologic Human Tissue Constructs Reproduce Autologous Age-Specific BCG and HBV Primary Immunization in vitro. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2634. [PMID: 30524426 PMCID: PMC6256288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccine development disregards human immune ontogeny, relying on animal models to select vaccine candidates targeting human infants, who are at greatest risk of infection worldwide, and receive the largest number of vaccines. To help accelerate and de-risk development of early-life effective immunization, we engineered a human age-specific microphysiologic vascular-interstitial interphase, suitable for pre-clinical modeling of distinct age-targeted immunity in vitro. Our Tissue Constructs (TCs) enable autonomous extravasation of monocytes that undergo rapid self-directed differentiation into migratory Dendritic Cells (DCs) in response to adjuvants and licensed vaccines such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Hepatitis B virus Vaccine (HBV). TCs contain a confluent human endothelium grown atop a tri-dimensional human extracellular matrix substrate, employ human age-specific monocytes and autologous non heat-treated plasma, and avoid the use of xenogenic materials and exogenous cytokines. Vaccine-pulsed TCs autonomously generated DCs that induced single-antigen recall responses from autologous naïve and memory CD4+ T lymphocytes, matching study participant immune-status, including BCG responses paralleling donor PPD status, BCG-induced adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity paralleling infant cohorts in vivo, and multi-dose HBV antigen-specific responses as demonstrated by lymphoproliferation and TCR sequencing. Overall, our microphysiologic culture method reproduced age- and antigen-specific recall responses to BCG and HBV immunization, closely resembling those observed after a birth immunization of human cohorts in vivo, offering for the first time a new approach to early pre-clinical selection of effective age-targeted vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzman Sanchez-Schmitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chad R Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ian A Bettencourt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter J Flynn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gil Metser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristoffer J Jensen
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christine Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Ofer Levy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
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2
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Response to the influenza vaccine based on estradiol use in menopausal women. Vaccine 2016; 34:1358-62. [PMID: 26851841 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of 17β-estradiol in modulating the response to the influenza vaccine in postmenopausal women. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted with 46 healthy postmenopausal women aged 41-62 years without previous vaccination against the influenza virus. Evaluation of serum antibodies using hemagglutination inhibition and single radial hemolysis was performed at the Virology Laboratory of the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, using serum samples collected at two time points: immediately before and one month after vaccination. RESULTS In non-estradiol users (n=25), the median number of hemagglutination-inhibiting units (Log2) increased from 5.32 to 6.82 (p=0.003). In estradiol users (n=21), the median number of hemagglutination-inhibiting units (Log2) increased from 5.32 to 5.82 (p=0.149). The median hemolytic areas produced with the single radial hemolysis assay before and after the vaccine were 11 mm in both groups. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women, estrogen therapy did not have a positive influence on the production of antibodies against the influenza virus after vaccination, at least based on the formulation, time period, and methods used for quantifying these antibodies in the present study.
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Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to human and animal health worldwide. Recent studies in mouse models have revealed an indispensable role for the innate immune system in defense against influenza virus. Recognition of the virus by innate immune receptors in a multitude of cell types activates intricate signaling networks, functioning to restrict viral replication. Downstream effector mechanisms include activation of innate immune cells and, induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. However, uncontrolled innate responses are associated with exaggerated disease, especially in pandemic influenza virus infection. Despite advances in the understanding of innate response to influenza in the mouse model, there is a large knowledge gap in humans, particularly in immunocompromised groups such as infants and the elderly. We propose here, the need for further studies in humans to decipher the role of innate immunity to influenza virus, particularly at the site of infection. These studies will complement the existing work in mice and facilitate the quest to design improved vaccines and therapeutic strategies against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Richard W. Compans
- IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA
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4
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Nucleotide oligomerization and binding domain 2-dependent dendritic cell activation is necessary for innate immunity and optimal CD8+ T Cell responses to influenza A virus infection. J Virol 2014; 88:8946-55. [PMID: 24872587 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01110-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nucleotide oligomerization and binding domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are important in the innate immune response to viral infection. Recent findings have implicated NLRP3, NOD2, and NLRX1 as important players in the innate antiviral response, but their roles in the generation of adaptive immunity to viruses are less clear. We demonstrate here that NOD2 is critical for both innate and adaptive immune responses necessary for controlling viral replication and survival during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Nod2(-/-) mice have reduced beta interferon (IFN-β) levels and fewer activated dendritic cells (DCs), and the DCs are more prone to cell death in the lungs of Nod2(-/-) mice during IAV infection. In agreement with the role for DCs in priming adaptive immunity, the generation of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells and their activation and production of IFN-γ were lower in Nod2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, Nod2(-/-) DCs, when cocultured with T cells in vitro, have a lower costimulatory capacity. Thus, Nod2(-/-) DCs are unable to efficiently prime CD8(+) T cells. These findings demonstrate that Nod2 is critical for the generation of both innate and adaptive immune responses necessary for controlling IAV infection. IMPORTANCE The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens and is also necessary for alerting and activating T and B cells to initiate the adaptive immune response. We demonstrate here that the innate immune receptor NOD2 is required for the production of antiviral type I interferons and the activation and survival of dendritic cells that, in turn, alert T cells to the presence of influenza A virus infection. In mice that are missing NOD2, interferon levels are lower, and the CD8(+) T cell response is impaired. As a result, the animals cannot control virus replication in their lungs as efficiently. This discovery helps us understand how the body naturally responds to virus infection and may help in the development of vaccines that use NOD2 to stimulate the CD8(+) T cell response, thus providing better protection against influenza A virus infection.
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5
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Monocyte-derived dendritic cells: targets as potent antigen-presenting cells for the design of vaccines against infectious diseases. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 19:1-5. [PMID: 24216295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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6
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Song XT, Aldrich M, Chen SY. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 inhibition strategy to enhance anti-HIV vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 5:495-503. [PMID: 16989630 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.5.4.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extensive efforts aimed at stimulating immune responses by modifying HIV antigens and using various delivery systems and adjuvants have so far failed to generate promising HIV vaccines, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative immunization approaches. Antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against HIV infection and dendritic cells are regulated by stimulatory, as well as inhibitory signaling. Recent studies demonstrate that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) functions as an antigen-presentation attenuator by restricting the Janus-activated kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription and Toll-like receptor-signaling pathways. SOCS1-silenced dendritic cells produce higher levels of both T-helper 1- and 2-polarizing cytokines, broadly enhance memory HIV-specific B-cell and T-cell responses and activate natural killer cells owing to unbridled cytokine feedback signaling loops. Therefore, the inhibition of antigen-presentation attenuators represents a generally applicable and alternative strategy for enhancing the potency of various forms of prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Song
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Wu J, Du J, Liu L, Li Q, Rong W, Wang L, Wang Y, Zang M, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Qu C. Elevated pretherapy serum IL17 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients correlate to increased risk of early recurrence after curative hepatectomy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50035. [PMID: 23227158 PMCID: PMC3515597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually presented in inflamed fibrotic/cirrhotic liver with extensive lymphocyte infiltration. We examined the associations between the HCC early recurrence and alterations in serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Methods A cohort of 105 HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were included. Pre-therapy, we quantified their serum concentrations of Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, Treg-related, and other cytokines that have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in human cancers. IL17-producing T-cells were generated in vitro from HCC patients and co-cultured with HCC cell lines separated by a 0.4 µM transwell. Results All the 105 cases of HCC patients had liver cirrhosis. The patients who suffered from HCC early recurrence had higher pre-therapy serum levels of IL17 and lower levels of IL10 than those who did not suffer from recurrence after curative hepatectomy. After adjustment for general tumor clinicopathological factors, elevated serum levels of IL17 (≥0.9 pg/ml) was found to be an independent risk factor for HCC early recurrence with a hazard ratio of 2.46 (95%CI 1.34–4.51). Patients with bigger tumors (>5 cm in diameter) and elevated serum levels of IL17 had the highest risk of early recurrence as compared to those with only one of these factors (P = 0.009) or without any (P<0.001). These factors showed similar effects on the HCC patient overall survival. Intrahepatic infiltrated T-cells in HCC patients were identified as the major IL17-producing cells. Proliferation of HCC cells, QGY-7703, was augmented QGY-7703, was augmented in the presence of IL17-producing T-cells. This effect diminished after neutralizing antibody against human IL17A or TNFα was included. Conclusion Both tumors and IL17 from liver infiltrated T-cells contributed to HCC early recurrence and progression after curative resection. Pre-therapy serum IL17 levels may serve as an additional indicator for predicting high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Wu
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Weiqi Rong
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Drake DR, Singh I, Nguyen MN, Kachurin A, Wittman V, Parkhill R, Kachurina O, Moser JM, Burdin N, Moreau M, Mistretta N, Byers AM, Dhir V, Tapia TM, Vernhes C, Gangur J, Kamala T, Swaminathan N, Warren WL. In VitroBiomimetic Model of the Human Immune System for Predictive Vaccine Assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/dst.2012.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Du J, Wu Z, Ren S, Wei Y, Gao M, Randolph GJ, Qu C. TLR8 agonists stimulate newly recruited monocyte-derived cells into potent APCs that enhance HBsAg immunogenicity. Vaccine 2010; 28:6273-81. [PMID: 20637759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that synthetic or natural Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonists present within dead cells enhanced cell-associated antigen presentation both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the immunopotency of different chemically synthesized TLR7/8 agonists, Resiquimod, Gardiquimod, CL075, and CL097, on HBsAg immunogenicity. These agonists stimulated inflammatory monocyte-derived cells to become potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), which augmented HBsAg specific T cell proliferation after they were conditioned with HBsAg. The TLR8 agonist CL075 and the TLR7/8 dual agonist CL097 showed more potent effects than the TLR7 agonist. Compared with alum adjuvant, when HBsAg mixed with CL075 was injected intramuscularly into mice, more monocyte-derived DCs carried antigens into draining lymph nodes and spleens. Specific Abs, particularly IgG2a, were significantly increased, and more IL-5 and IFN-gamma were produced by splenocytes and intrahepatic immunocytes in mice that received HBsAg mixed with CL075 and CL097. These results suggest that TLR8 agonists are good candidates to enhance recombinant HBsAg immunogenicity to induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
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10
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Ma Y, Poisson L, Sanchez-Schmitz G, Pawar S, Qu C, Randolph GJ, Warren WL, Mishkin EM, Higbee RG. Assessing the immunopotency of Toll-like receptor agonists in an in vitro tissue-engineered immunological model. Immunology 2010; 130:374-87. [PMID: 20331478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The in vitro Peripheral Tissue Equivalent (PTE) module is a three-dimensional tissue-engineered endothelial cell/collagen matrix culture system, which has been reported to reproduce in vivo physiological conditions and which generates dendritic cells (DC) autonomously. In the present study, we used the PTE module to investigate the immunopotency of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including polyinosine-polycytidylic acid, Gardiquimod, CpG 2006 and lipopolysaccharide. Application of TLR agonists in the PTE module induced a wide range of cytokines, including interleukins 1alpha/beta, 6, 8 and 10 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Compared with traditional peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, the PTE module produced twofold to 100-fold higher levels of cytokine secretion, indicating that it can be a highly sensitive assay system. This increased sensitivity is the result of the natural synergy between the leucocytes and the endothelium. Furthermore, the application of TLR agonists, such as lipopolysaccharide and Gardiquimod, to the PTE module enhanced DC differentiation and promoted DC maturation, as indicated by up-regulated expression of CD83, CD86 and CCR7(CD197). In addition, functional assays indicated PTE-derived DC treated with Gardiquimod, a TLR-7 agonist, significantly augmented anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production. Interestingly, replacing PBMC with purified myeloid cells (CD33(+)) significantly reduced the responsiveness of the PTE module to TLR stimulation. The reduced sensitivity was partly the result of the removal of plasmacytoid DC that participated in the response to TLR stimulation and sensitization of the PTE module. Overall, the in vitro PTE module clearly demonstrated the effects of TLR agonists on DC generation, maturation and antigen-presenting capacity, and may serve as a sensitive and predictive test bed for the evaluation of adjuvant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ma
- VaxDesign Corporation, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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11
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Gautier EL, Jakubzick C, Randolph GJ. Regulation of the migration and survival of monocyte subsets by chemokine receptors and its relevance to atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1412-8. [PMID: 19759373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are central mediators in the advance of atherosclerotic plaque, making them a natural therapeutic target for reducing disease burden. Here, we highlight recent advances in our current understanding of monocyte heterogeneity and its relevance to regulation of monocyte accumulation and function within atherosclerotic plaques. Differences that distinguish monocyte subsets include differential expression of chemokine receptors, especially CCR2 and CX3CR1. Ablation of expression of these 2 receptors (or their ligands) in mice has an additive inhibition on monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, simultaneously interfering with 3 key pathways--CCR2, CX3CR1, and CCR5--essentially abolishes atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we discuss how these chemokine receptors act at multiple points on at least 1 monocyte subset, regulating their mobilization from bone marrow, survival, or recruitment to plaques. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge may be useful clinically, emphasizing that CX3CR1 may in particular be a viable target for therapeutic manipulation of monocyte-derived cell fate in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel L Gautier
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Overlap between systemic lupus erythematosus and Kikuchi Fujimoto disease: a clinical pathology conference held by the Department of Rheumatology at Hospital for Special Surgery. HSS J 2009; 5:169-77. [PMID: 19609622 PMCID: PMC2744761 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-009-9123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Qu C, Nguyen VA, Merad M, Randolph GJ. MHC class I/peptide transfer between dendritic cells overcomes poor cross-presentation by monocyte-derived APCs that engulf dying cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3650-9. [PMID: 19265143 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo data suggest that monocytes participate critically in cross-presentation, but other data suggest that lymph node resident dendritic cells (DCs) mainly cross-present. Here, we utilized a three-dimensional model of a blood vessel wall that endogenously supports DC development from human monocytes, and we incorporated dying autologous cells in the subendothelial matrix of the model. Flu-infected dying cells promoted monocytes to become mature DCs and cross-present cell-associated Ags for the activation of CTLs. Similar responses were induced by loading the dying cells with the TLR7/8 ligand ssRNA, whereas dying cells loaded with TLR3 ligand were less efficient. Monocyte-derived DCs that developed in this model cross-presented Ag to T cells efficiently regardless of whether they engulfed detectable amounts of labeled dying cells. Unexpectedly, the monocyte-derived cells that directly engulfed dying cells in vitro were not the major APCs stimulating CD8(+) lymphocytes. Instead, bystander DCs acquired more robust capacity to cross-prime through receipt of MHC class I/peptide from the phagocytic, monocyte-derived cells. In mice, lymph node-homing monocyte-derived DCs processed Ags from engulfed cells and then transferred MHC class I/peptide complexes to confer cross-priming capacity to MHC class I-deficient lymph node resident CD8alpha(+) DCs. Thus, natural or synthetic TLR7/8 agonists contained within dying cells promote the conversion of monocytes to DCs with capacity for cross-presentation and for "cross-dressing" other DCs. These data reveal a way in which migratory monocyte-derived DCs and other DCs, like lymph node resident DCs, both mediate cross-presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Qu
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Icahn Medical Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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14
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Schanen BC, Drake DR. A novel approach for the generation of human dendritic cells from blood monocytes in the absence of exogenous factors. J Immunol Methods 2008; 335:53-64. [PMID: 18423481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human dendritic cells (DCs) for research and clinical applications are typically derived from purified blood monocytes that are cultured in a cocktail of cytokines for a week or more. Because it has been suggested that these cytokine-derived DCs may be deficient in some important immunological functions and might not accurately represent antigen presenting cell (APC) populations found under normal conditions in vivo, there is an interest in developing methods that permit the derivation of DCs in a more physiologically relevant manner in vitro. Here, we describe a simple and reliable technique for generating large numbers of highly purified DCs that is based on a one-way migration of blood monocytes through a layer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that are cultured to confluency in the upper chamber of a Transwell device. The resultant APCs, harvested from the lower Transwell chamber, resemble other cultured DC populations in their expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) and costimulatory molecules, ability to phagocytose protein antigens and capacity to trigger primary antigen-specific T cell responses. This technique offers several advantages over the standard method of in vitro cytokine-driven DC development, including: (1) the rapidity of this approach, as DC differentiation occurs in only 2 days, (2) the differentiation process itself, which is more akin to the development of DCs under physiologic conditions and (3) the cost-effectiveness of the system, since no monocyte pre-selection is required and DC development occurs in the absence of expensive recombinant cytokines.
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15
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Noone C, Manahan E, Newman R, Johnson P. Artificially generated dendritic cells misdirect antiviral immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 81:952-6. [PMID: 17267762 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1006615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical to the outcome of many viral infections. Questions still remain as to the relevance of artificially generated DCs in models of in vivo immune responses. We compared different DC generation pathways, in terms of phenotypic expression, cytokine production, apoptosis, and T cell proliferation, following viral infection. Direct viral infection of monocytes or monocytes cultured with supernatants from virally infected lung epithelial cells (A549 DCs) induce distinct DC subsets compared with viral infection of artificially generated IL-4 DCs and IFN-DCs. These virally infected DC subsets stimulated different cytokine secretion profiles and displayed contrasting sensitivities to viral-induced apoptosis. It is most interesting that we observed marked differences in the proliferation of purified CD3+ T cells from the virally infected DC subsets. In conclusion, artificially generated DCs skew immune responses to viral infections, and direct viral infection of monocytes and DCs, generated from monocytes cultured with supernatants from infected epithelial cells, appears to be a more relevant pathway of producing DCs, which mimic those generated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cariosa Noone
- Viral Immunology Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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16
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Song XT, Evel-Kabler K, Rollins L, Aldrich M, Gao F, Huang XF, Chen SY. An alternative and effective HIV vaccination approach based on inhibition of antigen presentation attenuators in dendritic cells. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e11. [PMID: 16381597 PMCID: PMC1323501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current efforts to develop HIV vaccines that seek to stimulate immune responses have been disappointing, underscoring the inability of natural immune responses to control HIV-1 infection. Here we tested an alternative strategy to induce anti-HIV immune responses by inhibiting a host's natural immune inhibitor. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1, a key negative regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway, and investigated the effect of this silencing on the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to induce anti-HIV-1 immunity. We found that SOCS1-silenced DCs broadly induced enhanced HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+ T helper cells, as well as antibody responses, in mice. Importantly, SOCS1-silenced DCs were more resistant to HIV Env-mediated suppression and were capable of inducing memory HIV Env-specific antibody and T cell responses. SOCS1-restricted signaling, as well as production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 by DCs, play a critical role in regulating the anti-HIV immune response. Furthermore, the potency of HIV DNA vaccination is significantly enhanced by coimmunization with SOCS1 siRNA expressor DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that SOCS1 functions as an antigen presentation attenuator to control both HIV-1-specific humoral and cellular responses. This study represents the first, to our knowledge, attempt to elicit HIV-specific T cell and antibody responses by inhibiting a host's antigen presentation attenuator, which may open a new and alternative avenue to develop effective therapeutic and prophylactic HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Song
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 2Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin Evel-Kabler
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 3Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa Rollins
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 3Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa Aldrich
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 3Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Feng Gao
- 4Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xue F Huang
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- 1Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 2Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- 3Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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17
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Mariotti S, Teloni R, Iona E, Fattorini L, Romagnoli G, Gagliardi MC, Orefici G, Nisini R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis diverts alpha interferon-induced monocyte differentiation from dendritic cells into immunoprivileged macrophage-like host cells. Infect Immun 2004; 72:4385-92. [PMID: 15271894 PMCID: PMC470689 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.8.4385-4392.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for initiating a pathogen-specific T-cell response. During chronic infections the pool of tissue DCs must be renewed by recruitment of both circulating DC progenitors and in loco differentiating monocytes. However, the interaction of monocytes with pathogens could affect their differentiation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to variably interfere with the generation and function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study we found that when alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) is used as an inductor of monocyte differentiation, M. tuberculosis inhibits the generation of DCs, forcing the generation of immunoprivileged macrophage-like cells instead. Cells derived from M. tuberculosis-infected monocyte-derived macrophages (M. tuberculosis-infected MoMphi) retained CD14 without acquiring CD1 molecules and partially expressed B7.2 but did not up-regulate B7.1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. They synthesized tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 (IL-10) but not IL-12. They also showed a reduced ability to induce proliferation and functional polarization of allogeneic T lymphocytes. Thus, in the presence of IFN-alpha, M. tuberculosis may hamper the renewal of potent APCs, such as DCs, generating a safe habitat for intracellular growth. M. tuberculosis-infected MoMphi, in fact, showed reduced expression of both signal 1 (CD1, MHC classes I and II) and signal 2 (B7.1 and B7.2), which are essential for mycobacterium-specific T-lymphocyte priming and/or activation. These data further suggest that M. tuberculosis has the ability to specifically interfere with monocyte differentiation. This ability may represent an effective M. tuberculosis strategy for eluding immune surveillance and persisting in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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18
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Abstract
Although the presentation of peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHC class II) complexes to CD4 T cells has been studied extensively in vitro, knowledge of this process in vivo is limited. Unlike the in vitro situation, antigen presentation in vivo takes place within a complex microenvironment in which the movements of antigens, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are governed by anatomic constraints. Here we review developments in the areas of lymph node architecture, APC subsets and T cell activation that have shed light on how antigen presentation occurs in the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Itano
- Department of Microbiology and the Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, MMC 334, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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19
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Edwards AD, Chaussabel D, Tomlinson S, Schulz O, Sher A, Reis e Sousa C. Relationships among murine CD11c(high) dendritic cell subsets as revealed by baseline gene expression patterns. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:47-60. [PMID: 12816982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional relationships and properties of different subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) remain largely undefined. To better characterize these cells, we used global gene analysis to determine gene expression patterns among murine CD11c(high) DC subsets. CD4(+), CD8alpha(+), and CD8alpha(-) CD4(-) (double negative (DN)) DC were purified from spleens of normal C57/BL6 mice and analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays. The CD4(+) and CD8alpha(+) DC subsets showed distinct basal expression profiles differing by >200 individual genes. These included known DC subset markers as well as previously unrecognized, differentially expressed CD Ags such as CD1d, CD5, CD22, and CD72. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed differential expression in nine of nine cases, thereby validating the microarray analysis. Interestingly, the microarray expression profiles for DN cells strongly resembled those of CD4(+) DC, differing from them by <25 genes. This suggests that CD4(+) and DN DC are closely related phylogenetically, whereas CD8alpha(+) DC represent a more distant lineage, supporting the historical distinction between CD8alpha(+) and CD8alpha(-) DC. However, staining patterns revealed that in contrast to CD4(+) DC, the DN subset is heterogeneous and comprises at least two subpopulations. Gene Ontology and literature mining analyses of genes expressed differentially among DC subsets indicated strong associations with immune response parameters as well as cell differentiation and signaling. Such associations offer clues to possible unique functions of the CD11c(high) DC subsets that to date have been difficult to define as rigid distinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Edwards
- Immunobiology Laboratory and Computational Genome Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, UK
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