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Oh S, Mandell MA. Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by 'Antiviral' TRIM Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:1161. [PMID: 39066323 PMCID: PMC11281404 DOI: 10.3390/v16071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key orchestrators of antiviral responses that serve as platforms for the assembly and activation of innate immune-signaling complexes. In response to viral infection, mitochondria can be triggered to release immune-stimulatory molecules that can boost interferon production. These same molecules can be released by damaged mitochondria to induce pathogenic, antiviral-like immune responses in the absence of infection. This review explores how members of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family, which are recognized for their roles in antiviral defense, regulate mitochondria-based innate immune activation. In antiviral defense, TRIMs are essential components of immune signal transduction pathways and function as directly acting viral restriction factors. TRIMs carry out conceptually similar activities when controlling immune activation related to mitochondria. First, they modulate immune-signaling pathways that can be activated by mitochondrial molecules. Second, they co-ordinate the direct removal of mitochondria and associated immune-activating factors through mitophagy. These insights broaden the scope of TRIM actions in innate immunity and may implicate TRIMs in diseases associated with mitochondria-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeun Oh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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2
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Wang J, Lu W, Zhang J, Du Y, Fang M, Zhang A, Sungcad G, Chon S, Xing J. Loss of TRIM29 mitigates viral myocarditis by attenuating PERK-driven ER stress response in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3481. [PMID: 38664417 PMCID: PMC11045800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, is a significant cause of sudden death in children and young adults. The current coronavirus disease 19 pandemic emphasizes the need to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms and potential treatment strategies for viral myocarditis. Here, we found that TRIM29 was highly induced by cardiotropic viruses and promoted protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses that promote viral replication in cardiomyocytes in vitro. TRIM29 deficiency protected mice from viral myocarditis by promoting cardiac antiviral functions and reducing PERK-mediated inflammation and immunosuppressive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM29 interacted with PERK to promote SUMOylation of PERK to maintain its stability, thereby promoting PERK-mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 mitigated viral myocarditis by disrupting the TRIM29-PERK connection, thereby bolstering cardiac function, enhancing cardiac antiviral responses, and curbing inflammation and immunosuppressive mMDSC in vivo. Our findings offer insight into how cardiotropic viruses exploit TRIM29-regulated PERK signaling pathways to instigate viral myocarditis, suggesting that targeting the TRIM29-PERK axis could mitigate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jerry Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Sungcad
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samantha Chon
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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Saleh Z, Noroozi M, Vakili ME, Kabelitz D, Nasrollahi H, Kalantar K. Targeting TRIM29 As a Negative Regulator of CAR-NK Cell Effector Function to Improve Antitumor Efficacy of these Cells: A Perspective. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:399-403. [PMID: 37218209 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230510101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are among the most important cells in innate immune defense. In contrast to T cells, the effector function of NK cells does not require prior stimulation and is not MHC restricted. Therefore, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells are superior to CAR-T cells. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) makes it necessary to explore various pathways involved in NK cell negative regulation. CAR-NK cell effector function can be improved by inhibiting the negative regulatory mechanisms. In this respect, the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) is known to be involved in reducing NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Also, targeting TRIM29 may enhance the antitumor efficacy of CAR-NK cells. The present study discusses the negative effects of TRIM29 on NK cell activity and proposes genomic deletion or suppression of the expression of TRIM29 as a novel approach to optimize CAR-NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Noroozi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eshkevar Vakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig, Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Hamid Nasrollahi
- Radio-Oncology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center of Excellence for Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Zhang X, Xue M, Liu L, Wang H, Qiu T, Zhou Y, Shan L, Wang Z, Liu G, Hu Y, Chen J. Rhein: A potent immunomodulator empowering largemouth bass against MSRV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109284. [PMID: 38092092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a significant viral pathogen in largemouth bass aquaculture, causing substantial annual economic losses. However, effective prevention methods remain elusive for various reasons. Medicinal plant extracts have emerged as valuable tools in preventing and managing aquatic animal diseases. Thus, the search for immunomodulators with straightforward, safe structures in plant extracts is imperative to ensure the continued health and growth of the largemouth bass industry. In our research, we employed epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells and largemouth bass as models to assess the anti-MSRV properties and immunomodulatory effects of ten plant-derived bioactive compounds. Among them, rhein demonstrated noteworthy potential, exhibiting a 75 % reduction in viral replication in vitro at a concentration of 50 mg/L. Furthermore, rhein pre-treatment significantly inhibited MSRV genome replication in EPC cells, with the highest inhibition rate reaching 64.8 % after 24 h, underscoring rhein's preventive impact against MSRV. Likewise, rhein displayed remarkable therapeutic effects on EPC cells during the early stages of MSRV infection, achieving a maximum inhibition rate of 85.6 % in viral replication. Subsequent investigations unveiled that rhein, with its consistent activity, effectively mitigated cytopathic effects (CPE) and nuclear damage induced by MSRV infection. Moreover, it restrained mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reduced the apoptosis rate by 38.8 %. In vivo experiments reinforced these findings, demonstrating that intraperitoneal injection of rhein enhanced the expression levels of immune related genes in multiple organs, hindered virus replication, and curtailed the mortality rate of MSRV-infected largemouth bass by 29 %. Collectively, our study endorses the utility of rhein as an immunomodulator to combat MSRV infections in largemouth bass. This not only underscores the potential of rhein as a broad-spectrum antiviral and means to bolster the immune response but also highlights the role of apoptosis as an immunological marker, making it an invaluable addition to the armamentarium against aquatic viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Tianxiu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Lipeng Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Guanglu Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Yan L, Cui Y, Feng J. Biology of Pellino1: a potential therapeutic target for inflammation in diseases and cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292022. [PMID: 38179042 PMCID: PMC10765590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pellino1 (Peli1) is a highly conserved E3 Ub ligase that exerts its biological functions by mediating target protein ubiquitination. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of Peli1 in regulating inflammation by modulating various receptor signaling pathways, including interleukin-1 receptors, Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways. Peli1 has been implicated in the development of several diseases by influencing inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, DNA damage repair, and glycolysis. Peli1 is a risk factor for most cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma. Conversely, Peli1 protects against herpes simplex virus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, esophageal cancer, and toxic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, Peli1 is a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation. This comprehensive review summarizes the target proteins of Peli1, delineates their involvement in major signaling pathways and biological processes, explores their role in diseases, and discusses the potential clinical applications of Peli1-targeted therapy, highlighting the therapeutic prospects of Peli1 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Neo SH, Her Z, Othman R, Tee CA, Ong LC, Wang Y, Tan I, Tan J, Yang Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Boyer LA. Expansion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with enhanced immunomodulatory properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:259. [PMID: 37726837 PMCID: PMC10510228 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have broad potential as a cell therapy including for the treatment of drug-resistant inflammatory conditions with abnormal T cell proliferation such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Clinical success, however, has been complicated by the heterogeneity of culture-expanded MSCs as well as donor variability. Here, we devise culture conditions that promote expansion of MSCs with enhanced immunomodulatory functions both in vitro and in animal models of GVHD. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were expanded at high-confluency (MSCHC) and low-confluency state (MSCLC). Their immunomodulatory properties were evaluated with in vitro co-culture assays based on suppression of activated T cell proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated T cells. Metabolic state of these cells was determined, while RNA sequencing was performed to explore transcriptome of these MSCs. Ex vivo expanded MSCHC or MSCLC was injected into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-induced GVHD mouse model to determine their in vivo therapeutic efficacy based on clinical grade scoring, human CD45+ blood count and histopathological examination. RESULTS As compared to MSCLC, MSCHC significantly reduced both the proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-activated T cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon MSCHC co-culture across several donors even in the absence of cytokine priming. Mechanistically, metabolic analysis of MSCHC prior to co-culture with activated T cells showed increased glycolytic metabolism and lactate secretion compared to MSCLC, consistent with their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis further revealed differential expression of immunomodulatory genes including TRIM29, BPIFB4, MMP3 and SPP1 in MSCHC as well as enriched pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion and PI3K-AKT signalling. Lastly, we demonstrate in a human PBMC-induced GVHD mouse model that delivery of MSCHC showed greater suppression of inflammation and improved outcomes compared to MSCLC and saline controls. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that ex vivo expansion of MSCs at high confluency alters the metabolic and transcriptomic states of these cells. Importantly, this approach maximizes the production of MSCs with enhanced immunomodulatory functions without priming, thus providing a non-invasive and generalizable strategy for improving the use of MSCs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hui Neo
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rashidah Othman
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ching Ann Tee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Irwin Tan
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jaylen Tan
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, NUHS, 1E Kent Ridge RoadTower Block 11, Singapore, 119288, Republic of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Laurie A Boyer
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Kembou-Ringert JE, Steinhagen D, Thompson KD, Daly JM, Adamek M. Immune responses to Tilapia lake virus infection: what we know and what we don't know. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240094. [PMID: 37622112 PMCID: PMC10445761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel contagious pathogen associated with a lethal disease affecting and decimating tilapia populations on several continents across the globe. Fish viral diseases, such as Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLVD), represent a serious threat to tilapia aquaculture. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune responses involved in establishing an antiviral state can help shed light on TiLV disease pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the adaptive immune mechanisms involved in mounting protection against TiLV could greatly assist in the development of vaccination strategies aimed at controlling TiLVD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune responses following TiLV infection. After describing the main pathological findings associated with TiLVD, both the innate and adaptive immune responses and mechanisms to TiLV infection are discussed, in both disease infection models and in vitro studies. In addition, our work, highlights research questions, knowledge gaps and research areas in the immunology of TiLV infection where further studies are needed to better understand how disease protection against TiLV is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Yi Q, Zhao Y, Xia R, Wei Q, Chao F, Zhang R, Bian P, Lv L. TRIM29 hypermethylation drives esophageal cancer progression via suppression of ZNF750. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:191. [PMID: 37365152 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is the seventh most frequent and deadly neoplasm. Due to the lack of early diagnosis and high invasion/metastasis, the prognosis of ESCA remains very poor. Herein, we identify skin-related signatures as the most deficient signatures in invasive ESCA, which are regulated by the transcription factor ZNF750. Of note, we find that TRIM29 level strongly correlated with the expression of many genes in the skin-related signatures, including ZNF750. TRIM29 is significantly down-regulated due to hypermethylation of its promoter in both ESCA and precancerous lesions compared to normal tissues. Low TRIM29 expression and high methylation levels of its promoter are associated with malignant progression and poor clinical outcomes in ESCA patients. Functionally, TRIM29 overexpression markedly hinders proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal cancer cells, whereas opposing results are observed when TRIM29 is silenced in vitro. In addition, TRIM29 inhibits metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIM29 downregulation suppresses the expression of the tumor suppressor ZNF750 by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, our study demonstrates that TRIM29 expression and its promoter methylation status could be potential early diagnostic and prognostic markers. It highlights the role of the TRIM29-ZNF750 signaling axis in modulating tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of education training, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Xia
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qinqin Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Po Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, Anhui Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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9
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Chen YY, Ran XH, Ni RZ, Mu D. TRIM28 negatively regulates the RLR signaling pathway by targeting MAVS for degradation via K48-linked polyubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104660. [PMID: 37119745 PMCID: PMC10165269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein is a core signaling adapter in the retinoid acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway that recruits downstream signaling factors, ultimately leading to the activation of type Ⅰ interferons. However, the mechanisms that modulate the RLR signaling pathway by manipulating MAVS are not fully understood. Previous studies suggested that tripartite motif 28 (TRIM28) participates in regulating innate immune signaling pathways by inhibiting the expression of immune-related genes at the transcriptional level. In this study, we characterized TRIM28 as a negative regulator of the RLR signaling pathway in a MAVS-dependent manner. Overexpression of TRIM28 inhibited the MAVS-induced production of type Ⅰ interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, while knocking down TRIM28 exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, TRIM28 targeted MAVS for proteasome-mediated degradation via K48-linked polyubiquitination. The RING domain of TRIM28, especially the cysteine residues at positions 65 and 68, was critical for the suppressive effect of TRIM28 on MAVS-mediated RLR signaling, while each of the C-terminal domains of TRIM28 contributed to its interaction with MAVS. Further investigation revealed that TRIM28 transferred ubiquitin chains to the K7, K10, K371, K420, and K500 residues of MAVS. Together, our results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism involving TRIM28 in fine-tuning innate immune responses and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which MAVS is regulated, which contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immune homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ran
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run-Ze Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Li W, Song Y, Du Y, Huang Z, Zhang M, Chen Z, He Z, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhao L, Sun H, Jiao P. Duck TRIM29 negatively regulates type I IFN production by targeting MAVS. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1016214. [PMID: 36685538 PMCID: PMC9853200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is a host defense mechanism that induces type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have recently emerged as pivotal regulators of type I interferon production in mammals. Here, we first identified duck TRIM29, which encodes 571 amino acids and shows high sequence homology with other bird TRIM29 proteins. DuTRIM29 inhibited IFN-β and IRF7 promoter activation in a dose-dependent manner and downregulated the mRNA expression of IFN-β, IRF7, Mx and IL-6 mediated by duRIG-I. Moreover, duTRIM29 interacted and colocalized with duMAVS in the cytoplasm. DuTRIM29 interacted with duMAVS via its C-terminal domains. In addition, duTRIM29 inhibited IFN-β and IRF7 promoter activation and significantly downregulated IFN-β and immune-related gene expression mediated by duMAVS in ducks. Furthermore, duTRIM29 induced K29-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of duMAVS to suppress the expression of IFN-β. Overall, our results demonstrate that duTRIM29 negatively regulates type I IFN production by targeting duMAVS in ducks. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating the innate immune response by TRIM proteins in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Du
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuxian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoliang He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangbao Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxiang Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peirong Jiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Wegner J, Hunkler C, Ciupka K, Hartmann G, Schlee M. Increased IKKϵ protein stability ensures efficient type I interferon responses in conditions of TBK1 deficiency. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1073608. [PMID: 36936901 PMCID: PMC10020501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TBK1 and IKKϵ are related, crucial kinases in antiviral immune signaling pathways downstream of cytosolic nucleic acid receptors such as cGAS and RIG-I-like receptors. Upon activation, they phosphorylate the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 and thereby initiate the expression of type I interferons and antiviral effectors. While point mutation-induced loss of TBK1 kinase activity results in clinical hyper-susceptibility to viral infections, a complete lack of TBK1 expression in humans is unexpectedly not associated with diminished antiviral responses. Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation for these so-far unexplained observations by showing that TBK1 controls the protein expression of its related kinase IKKϵ in human myeloid cells. Mechanistically, TBK1 constitutively diminishes the protein stability of IKKϵ independent of TBK1 kinase activity but dependent on its interaction with the scaffold protein TANK. In consequence, depletion of TBK1 protein but not mutation-induced kinase deficiency induces the upregulation of IKKϵ. Due to the functional redundancy of the kinases in cGAS-STING and RIG-I-like receptor signaling in human myeloid cells, enhanced IKKϵ expression can compensate for the loss of TBK1. We show that IKKϵ upregulation is crucial to ensure unmitigated type I interferon production in conditions of TBK1 deficiency: While the type I interferon response to Listeria monocytogenes infection is maintained upon TBK1 loss, it is strongly diminished in cells harboring a kinase-deficient TBK1 variant, in which IKKϵ is not upregulated. Many pathogens induce TBK1 degradation, suggesting that loss of TBK1-mediated destabilization of IKKϵ is a critical backup mechanism to prevent diminished interferon responses upon TBK1 depletion.
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12
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Lu D, Li Z, Zhu P, Yang Z, Yang H, Li Z, Li H, Li Z. Whole-transcriptome analyses of sheep embryonic testicular cells infected with the bluetongue virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053059. [PMID: 36532076 PMCID: PMC9751015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction bluetongue virus (BTV) infection triggers dramatic and complex changes in the host's transcriptional profile to favor its own survival and reproduction. However, there is no whole-transcriptome study of susceptible animal cells with BTV infection, which impedes the in-depth and systematical understanding of the comprehensive characterization of BTV-host interactome, as well as BTV infection and pathogenic mechanisms. Methods to systematically understand these changes, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing in BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1)-infected and mock-infected sheep embryonic testicular cells, and subsequently conducted bioinformatics differential analyses. Results there were 1504 differentially expressed mRNAs, 78 differentially expressed microRNAs, 872 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs, and 59 differentially expressed circular RNAs identified in total. Annotation from the Gene Ontology, enrichment from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and construction of competing endogenous RNA networks revealed differentially expressed RNAs primarily related to virus-sensing and signaling transduction pathways, antiviral and immune responses, inflammation, and development and metabolism related pathways. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network analysis found that BTV may contribute to abnormal spermatogenesis by reducing steroid biosynthesis. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting results showed that the expression trends of differentially expressed RNAs were consistent with the whole-transcriptome sequencing data. Discussion this study provides more insights of comprehensive characterization of BTV-host interactome, and BTV infection and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhanhong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huachun Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhuoran Li, ; Huachun Li,
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Zhuoran Li, ; Huachun Li,
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13
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Huang S, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR-mediated innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065211. [PMID: 36505476 PMCID: PMC9732732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the viruses invade the body, they will be recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptor (TLR) or retinoic acid-induced gene-I like receptor (RLR), thus causing the activation of downstream antiviral signals to resist the virus invasion. The cross action between ubiquitination and proteins in these signal cascades enhances the antiviral signal. On the contrary, more and more viruses have also been found to use the ubiquitination system to inhibit TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity. Therefore, this review summarizes how the ubiquitination system plays a regulatory role in TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity, and how viruses use the ubiquitination system to complete immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Renyong Jia,
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14
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Su W, Lin XT, Zhao S, Zheng XQ, Zhou YQ, Xiao LL, Chen H, Zhang ZY, Zhang LJ, Wu XX. Tripartite motif-containing protein 46 accelerates influenza A H7N9 virus infection by promoting K48-linked ubiquitination of TBK1. Virol J 2022; 19:176. [PMID: 36329446 PMCID: PMC9632593 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza A H7N9 emerged in 2013, threatening public health and causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even death, in the human population. However, the underlying mechanism by which H7N9 virus causes human infection remains elusive. METHODS Herein, we infected A549 cells with H7N9 virus for different times and assessed tripartite motif-containing protein 46 (TRIM46) expression. To determine the role of TRIM46 in H7N9 infection, we applied lentivirus-based TRIM46 short hairpin RNA sequences and overexpression plasmids to explore virus replication, and changes in type I interferons and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation levels in response to silencing and overexpression of TRIM46. Finally, we used Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays to examine the mechanism by which TRIM46 mediated the activity of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). RESULTS Type I interferons play an important role in defending virus infection. Here, we found that TRIM46 levels were significantly increased during H7N9 virus infection. Furthermore, TRIM46 knockdown inhibited H7N9 virus replication compared to that in the control group, while the production of type I interferons increased. Meanwhile, overexpression of TRIM46 promoted H7N9 virus replication and decrease the production of type I interferons. In addition, the level of phosphorylated IRF3, an important interferon regulatory factor, was increased in TRIM46-silenced cells, but decreased in TRIM46 overexpressing cells. Mechanistically, we observed that TRIM46 could interact with TBK1 to induce its K48-linked ubiquitination, which promoted H7N9 virus infection. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TRIM46 negatively regulates the human innate immune response against H7N9 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xian-Tian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zheng
- Department of Lung Transplant, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Lan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Long M, Wang H, Ning X, Jia F, Zhang L, Pan Y, Chen J, Wang X, Feng K, Cao X, Liu Y, Sun Q. Functional analysis of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in DENV-3 infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. Virus Res 2022; 319:198883. [PMID: 35934257 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever, as a mosquito-borne viral disease widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions, remarkably threatens public health, while the mechanism involved in host-DENV interaction has not been fully elucidated. Firstly, we analyzed the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in THP-1 cells after DENV-3 infection and Antibody- Dependent Enhancement of viral infection (ADE-VI) by RNA-Seq. Secondly, through the RT-qPCR to confirm those differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs. Then, we also analyzed the competitive endogenous RNA (CeRNA) regulatory network of DE lncRNAs. Finally, we predicted the encode ability of DE lncRNAs. It was found that on the X and Y chromosomes, the expression levels of lncRNAs in THP-1 cells after ADE-VI were significantly different from those in the negative control and the DENV-3 infection groups. There were 71 DE lncRNAs after DENV-3 infection, including 42 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated lncRNAs. A total of 70 DE lncRNAs after ADE-VI were detected, including 38 up-regulated and 32 down- regulated lncRNAs. After ADE-VI and DENV-3 infection, there were 35 DE lncRNAs, including 11 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated lncRNAs. The analysis of the CeRNA regulatory network of DE lncRNAs revealed that, TRIM29, STC2, and IGFBP5 were correlated with the ADE-VI. Additionally, it was found that lncRNAs not only participated in the CeRNA regulatory network, but also maybe encoded small peptides. Our findings provided clues for further investigation into the lncRNAs associated antiviral mechanism of ADE-VI and DENV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwang Long
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xuelei Ning
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiaolinglu no. 935, Kunming, YunNan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, China.
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16
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Huang JP, Li J, Xiao YP, Xu LG. BAG6 negatively regulates the RLR signaling pathway by targeting VISA/MAVS. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972184. [PMID: 36045679 PMCID: PMC9420869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-induced signaling adaptor protein VISA (also known as MAVS, ISP-1, Cardif) is a critical adaptor protein in the innate immune response to RNA virus infection. Upon viral infection, VISA self-aggregates to form a sizeable prion-like complex and recruits downstream signal components for signal transduction. Here, we discover that BAG6 (BCL2-associated athanogene 6, formerly BAT3 or Scythe) is an essential negative regulator in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. BAG6 inhibits the aggregation of VISA by promoting the K48-linked ubiquitination and specifically attenuates the recruitment of TRAF2 by VISA to inhibit RLR signaling. The aggregation of VISA and the interaction of VISA and TRAF2 are enhanced in BAG6-deficient cell lines after viral infection, resulting in the enhanced transcription level of downstream antiviral genes. Our research shows that BAG6 is a critical regulating factor in RIG-I/VISA-mediated innate immune response by targeting VISA.
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17
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Fang M, Zhang A, Du Y, Lu W, Wang J, Minze LJ, Cox TC, Li XC, Xing J, Zhang Z. TRIM18 is a critical regulator of viral myocarditis and organ inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:55. [PMID: 35909127 PMCID: PMC9339186 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections by viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 could cause organ inflammations such as myocarditis, pneumonia and encephalitis. Innate immunity to viral nucleic acids mediates antiviral immunity as well as inflammatory organ injury. However, the innate immune mechanisms that control viral induced organ inflammations are unclear. Methods To understand the role of the E3 ligase TRIM18 in controlling viral myocarditis and organ inflammation, wild-type and Trim18 knockout mice were infected with coxsackievirus B3 for inducing viral myocarditis, influenza A virus PR8 strain and human adenovirus for inducing viral pneumonia, and herpes simplex virus type I for inducing herpes simplex encephalitis. Mice survivals were monitored, and heart, lung and brain were harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry analysis. Real-time PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, luciferase assay, flow cytometry, over-expression and knockdown techniques were used to understand the molecular mechanisms of TRIM18 in regulating type I interferon (IFN) production after virus infection in this study. Results We find that knockdown or deletion of TRIM18 in human or mouse macrophages enhances production of type I IFN in response to double strand (ds) RNA and dsDNA or RNA and DNA virus infection. Importantly, deletion of TRIM18 protects mice from viral myocarditis, viral pneumonia, and herpes simplex encephalitis due to enhanced type I IFN production in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that TRIM18 recruits protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) to dephosphorylate TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which inactivates TBK1 to block TBK1 from interacting with its upstream adaptors, mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), thereby dampening antiviral signaling during viral infections. Moreover, TRIM18 stabilizes PPM1A by inducing K63-linked ubiquitination of PPM1A. Conclusions Our results indicate that TRIM18 serves as a negative regulator of viral myocarditis, lung inflammation and brain damage by downregulating innate immune activation induced by both RNA and DNA viruses. Our data reveal that TRIM18 is a critical regulator of innate immunity in viral induced diseases, thereby identifying a potential therapeutic target for treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00840-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry & Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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18
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DeAntoneo C, Danthi P, Balachandran S. Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111757. [PMID: 35681452 PMCID: PMC9179526 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian orthoreoviruses (ReoV) are non-enveloped viruses with segmented double-stranded RNA genomes. In humans, ReoV are generally considered non-pathogenic, although members of this family have been proven to cause mild gastroenteritis in young children and may contribute to the development of inflammatory conditions, including Celiac disease. Because of its low pathogenic potential and its ability to efficiently infect and kill transformed cells, the ReoV strain Type 3 Dearing (T3D) is clinical trials as an oncolytic agent. ReoV manifests its oncolytic effects in large part by infecting tumor cells and activating programmed cell death pathways (PCDs). It was previously believed that apoptosis was the dominant PCD pathway triggered by ReoV infection. However, new studies suggest that ReoV also activates other PCD pathways, such as autophagy, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of PCD reliant on receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and its substrate, the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). As necroptosis is highly inflammatory, ReoV-induced necroptosis may contribute to the oncolytic potential of this virus, not only by promoting necrotic lysis of the infected cell, but also by inflaming the surrounding tumor microenvironment and provoking beneficial anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the ReoV replication cycle, the known and potential mechanisms by which ReoV induces PCD, and discuss the consequences of non-apoptotic cell death—particularly necroptosis—to ReoV pathogenesis and oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly DeAntoneo
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Pranav Danthi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Reduced Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 29 Deteriorates the Severity of Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:469-475. [PMID: 35835099 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is the most serious subtype of acute pancreatitis, manifested as multiple-organ failure resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Based on the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 29 (TRIM29) in immune responses, we aimed to explore its effect on SAP. METHODS Peripheral blood monocyte cells from the SAP or non-SAP patients, as well as bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type, TRIM29 -/- , or stimulator of interferon genes (STING) -/- mice after injecting 50 mg/kg of cerulein to induce SAP, were isolated to analyze the role of TRIM29 and STING in the SAP. RESULTS Tripartite motif-containing protein 29 was significantly reduced in SAP patients. Compared with wild-type mice, TRIM29 deficiency mice displayed more severe symptom of acute pancreatitis after cerulein injection, which were lost in TRIM29 -/- STING -/- mice. Moreover, interferon and its related genes, as well as STING degradation, were decreased in TRIM29 -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that TRIM29 negatively regulated the severity of SAP by degrading STING at its downstream, suggesting that TRIM29 and STING might serve as therapeutic targets for SAP.
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20
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Yan Y, Tang YD, Zheng C. When cyclin-dependent kinases meet viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2962-2968. [PMID: 35288942 PMCID: PMC9088476 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases that play a key role in cell division and transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical roles of CDKs in various viral infections. However, the molecular processes underpinning CDKs' roles in viral infection and host antiviral defense are unknown. This minireview briefly overviews CDKs' functions and highlights the most recent discoveries of CDKs' emerging roles during viral infections, thereby providing a scientific and theoretical foundation for antiviral regulation and shedding light on developing novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Ji X, Meng W, Liu Z, Mu X. Emerging Roles of lncRNAs Regulating RNA-Mediated Type-I Interferon Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811122. [PMID: 35280983 PMCID: PMC8914027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway plays pivot roles in defending against pathogen invasion. Exogenous ssRNA and dsRNA could be immunogenic. RNA-mediated IFN signaling is extensively studied in the field. The incorrect functioning of this pathway leads to either autoimmune diseases or suffering from microorganism invasion. From the discrimination of “self” and “non-self” molecules by receptors to the fine-tune modulations in downstream cascades, all steps are under the surveillance featured by complex feedbacks and regulators. Studies in recent years highlighted the emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a reservoir for signaling regulation. LncRNAs bind to targets through the structure and sequence, and thus the mechanisms of action can be complex and specific. Here, we summarized lncRNAs modulating the RNA-activated IFN-I signaling pathway according to the event order during the signaling. We hope this review help understand how lncRNAs are participating in the regulation of IFN-I signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zichuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zichuan Liu, ; Xin Mu,
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zichuan Liu, ; Xin Mu,
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22
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Hou S, Wang X, Ren S, Meng X, Yin X, Zhang J, Tarasiuk K, Pejsak Z, Jiang T, Mao R, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Knockout of HDAC9 Gene Enhances Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805606. [PMID: 35250927 PMCID: PMC8894894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly infects cloven-hoofed animals. Propagation of FMDV by cell culture is an important method to preserve viral biological and antigenic characteristics, which is crucial in FMD monitoring and vaccine production. However, only a few cell lines are sensitive to FMDV, and there is still a lot of room for improvement. Acetylation is an important post-translational modification, which is dynamically regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, the study of the relationship between FMDV and HDACs is still unclear. HDAC9 belongs to the class II of HDACs family; in this study, HDAC9 knockout (KO) BHK-21 cells were successfully established using CRISPR/cas9 technology. The results of karyotype analysis, growth curve analysis, and morphological observation showed that the HDAC9 knockout cell line was stable in growth and morphological characteristics. After infection with FMDV, the expression of viral RNA and protein, viral titers, and the copies of viral RNA in HDAC9-KO cells were significantly higher than those in NC cells. Meanwhile, RNA-seq technology was used to sequence HDAC9-KO cells and NC cells infected and uninfected with FMDV. It was found that the differentially expressed innate immune factors containing NFKBIA, SOD2, IL2RG, BCL2L1, CXCL1/2/3, and IL1RAP have significantly enriched in the Jak-STAT, NOD-like receptor, Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathway. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression level of differentially expressed genes and showed consistency with the RNA-seq data. These results preliminarily reveal the role of HDAC9 in host antiviral innate immune response, and the HDAC9-KO cell line could also serve as a useful tool for FMDV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanhui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | | | - Zygmunt Pejsak
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoqing Mao,
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Yongguang Zhang,
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Yuefeng Sun,
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23
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Martín-Vicente M, Resino S, Martínez I. Early innate immune response triggered by the human respiratory syncytial virus and its regulation by ubiquitination/deubiquitination processes. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:11. [PMID: 35152905 PMCID: PMC8841119 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. An exuberant inadequate immune response is behind most of the pathology caused by the HRSV. The main targets of HRSV infection are the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, where the immune response against the virus begins. This early innate immune response consists of the expression of hundreds of pro-inflammatory and anti-viral genes that stimulates subsequent innate and adaptive immunity. The early innate response in infected cells is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways composed of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), adapters, kinases, and transcriptions factors. These pathways are tightly regulated by complex networks of post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. Numerous ubiquitinases and deubiquitinases make these modifications reversible and highly dynamic. The intricate nature of the signaling pathways and their regulation offers the opportunity for fine-tuning the innate immune response against HRSV to control virus replication and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral E Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km 2.2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral E Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km 2.2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral E Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Campus Majadahonda), Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km 2.2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Banete A, Barilo J, Whittaker R, Basta S. The Activated Macrophage - A Tough Fortress for Virus Invasion: How Viruses Strike Back. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803427. [PMID: 35087503 PMCID: PMC8787342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are innate immune cells with a variety of functional phenotypes depending on the cytokine microenvironment they reside in. Mφ exhibit distinct activation patterns that are found within a wide array of activation states ranging from the originally discovered classical pro-inflammatory (M1) to the anti-inflammatory (M2) with their multi-facades. M1 cells are induced by IFNγ + LPS, while M2 are further subdivided into M2a (IL-4), M2b (Immune Complex) and M2c (IL-10) based on their inducing stimuli. Not surprisingly, Mφ activation influences the outcome of viral infections as they produce cytokines that in turn activate cells of the adaptive immune system. Generally, activated M1 cells tend to restrict viral replication, however, influenza and HIV exploit inflammation to support their replication. Moreover, M2a polarization inhibits HIV replication at the post-integration level, while HCMV encoded hrIL-10 suppresses inflammatory reactions by facilitating M2c formation. Additionally, viruses such as LCMV and Lassa Virus directly suppress Mφ activation leading to viral chronicity. Here we review how Mφ activation affects viral infection and the strategies by which viruses manipulate Mφ polarization to benefit their own fitness. An understanding of these mechanisms is important for the development of novel immunotherapies that can sway Mφ phenotype to inhibit viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Banete
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Barilo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Reese Whittaker
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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25
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Hsu CY, Yanagi T, Ujiie H. TRIM29 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:804166. [PMID: 34988104 PMCID: PMC8720877 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.804166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins play important roles in a wide range of cell physiological processes, such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, innate immunity, and programmed cell death. TRIM29 protein, encoded by the ATDC gene, belongs to the RING-less group of TRIM protein family members. It consists of four zinc finger motifs in a B-box domain and a coiled-coil domain, and makes use of the B-box domain as E3 ubiquitin ligase in place of the RING. TRIM29 was found to be involved in the formation of homodimers and heterodimers in relation to DNA binding; additional studies have also demonstrated its role in carcinogenesis, DNA damage signaling, and the suppression of radiosensitivity. Recently, we reported that TRIM29 interacts with keratins and FAM83H to regulate keratin distribution. Further, in cutaneous SCC, the expression of TRIM29 is silenced by DNA methylation, leading to the loss of TRIM29 and promotion of keratinocyte migration. This paper reviews the role of TRIM family proteins in malignant tumors, especially the role of TRIM29 in cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Teruki Yanagi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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26
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Zhang XZ, Li FH, Wang XJ. Regulation of Tripartite Motif-Containing Proteins on Immune Response and Viral Evasion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794882. [PMID: 34925304 PMCID: PMC8671828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs), exhibiting ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, are involved in regulation of not only autophagy and apoptosis but also pyrotosis and antiviral immune responses of host cells. TRIMs play important roles in modulating signaling pathways of antiviral immune responses via type I interferon, NF-κB, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Nrf2. However, viruses are able to antagonize TRIM activity or evenly utilize TRIMs for viral replication. This communication presents the current understanding of TRIMs exploited by viruses to evade host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Huang Li
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry Service (South Section), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Ren Z, Yu Y, Chen C, Yang D, Ding T, Zhu L, Deng J, Xu Z. The Triangle Relationship Between Long Noncoding RNA, RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, and Glycolysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:807737. [PMID: 34917069 PMCID: PMC8670088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.807737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA), a noncoding RNA over 200nt in length, can regulate glycolysis through metabolic pathways, glucose metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic reprogramming. Upon viral infection, increased aerobic glycolysis providzes material and energy for viral replication. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is the only protein-specified downstream of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) that bridges the gap between antiviral immunity and glycolysis. MAVS binding to RIG-I inhibits MAVS binding to Hexokinase (HK2), thereby impairing glycolysis, while excess lactate production inhibits MAVS and the downstream antiviral immune response, facilitating viral replication. LncRNAs can also regulate antiviral innate immunity by interacting with RIG-I and downstream signaling pathways and by regulating the expression of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Altogether, we summarize the relationship between glycolysis, antiviral immunity, and lncRNAs and propose that lncRNAs interact with glycolysis and antiviral pathways, providing a new perspective for the future treatment against virus infection, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoxi Chen
- College of Life Since and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyong Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Huang R, Fu Y, Deng Y. KLF4 transactivates TRIM29 expression and modulates keratin network. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101117. [PMID: 34485714 PMCID: PMC8403550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is well known to be a conserved zinc-containing transcription factor that participates in diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we found KLF4 can bind specific site in the promoter of TRIM29 to transactivate its transcription, and sumoylation modification on 278 lysine site was not essential for KLF4 to transactivate TRIM29 transcription. It also was showed that KLF4 promoted cell migration when overexpressed, and knockdown of TRIM29 abrogated the migration triggered by KLF4. In addition, overexpression of KLF4 reduced the phosphorylation level of keratin 8 at 432 amino acid site. Our study demonstrated that KLF4 is an important transcription factor on regulating TRIM29 expression and modulates the keratin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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A major quantitative trait locus affecting resistance to Tilapia lake virus in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:334-343. [PMID: 34262170 PMCID: PMC8405827 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing host resistance to infectious disease has received increasing attention in recent years as a major goal of farm animal breeding programs. Combining field data with genomic tools can provide opportunities to understand the genetic architecture of disease resistance, leading to new opportunities for disease control. In the current study, a genome-wide association study was performed to assess resistance to the Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), one of the biggest threats affecting Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); a key aquaculture species globally. A pond outbreak of TiLV in a pedigreed population of the GIFT strain was observed, with 950 fish classified as either survivor or mortality, and genotyped using a 65 K SNP array. A significant QTL of large effect was identified on chromosome Oni22. The average mortality rate of tilapia homozygous for the resistance allele at the most significant SNP (P value = 4.51E-10) was 11%, compared to 43% for tilapia homozygous for the susceptibility allele. Several candidate genes related to host response to viral infection were identified within this QTL, including lgals17, vps52, and trim29. These results provide a rare example of a major QTL affecting a trait of major importance to a farmed animal. Genetic markers from the QTL region have potential in marker-assisted selection to improve host resistance, providing a genetic solution to an infectious disease where few other control or mitigation options currently exist.
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30
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Xing J, Zhou X, Fang M, Zhang E, Minze LJ, Zhang Z. DHX15 is required to control RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109205. [PMID: 34161762 PMCID: PMC8276442 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA helicases play critical roles in various biological processes, including serving as viral RNA sensors in innate immunity. Here, we find that RNA helicase DEAH-box helicase 15 (DHX15) is essential for type I interferon (IFN-I, IFN-β), type III IFN (IFN-λ3), and inflammasome-derived cytokine IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in response to poly I:C and RNA viruses with preference of enteric RNA viruses, but not DNA virus. Importantly, we generate IEC-specific Dhx15-knockout mice and demonstrate that DHX15 is required for controlling intestinal inflammation induced by enteric RNA virus rotavirus in suckling mice and reovirus in adult mice in vivo, which owes to impaired IFN-β, IFN-λ3, and IL-18 production in IECs from Dhx15-deficient mice. Mechanistically, DHX15 interacts with NLRP6 to trigger NLRP6 inflammasome assembly and activation for inducing IL-18 secretion in IECs. Collectively, our report reveals critical roles for DHX15 in sensing enteric RNA viruses in IECs and controlling intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Xing
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingli Fang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Evan Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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31
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Xing J, Zhang A, Du Y, Fang M, Minze LJ, Liu YJ, Li XC, Zhang Z. Identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9) as a noncanonical sensor for RNA virus in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2681. [PMID: 33976210 PMCID: PMC8113569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are critical in protective immunity against viral infections, involved in sensing foreign viral nucleic acids. Here we report that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9), a member of PARP family, serves as a non-canonical sensor for RNA virus to initiate and amplify type I interferon (IFN) production. We find knockdown or deletion of PARP9 in human or mouse dendritic cells and macrophages inhibits type I IFN production in response to double strand RNA stimulation or RNA virus infection. Furthermore, mice deficient for PARP9 show enhanced susceptibility to infections with RNA viruses because of the impaired type I IFN production. Mechanistically, we show that PARP9 recognizes and binds viral RNA, with resultant recruitment and activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT3 pathway, independent of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS). PI3K/AKT3 then activates the IRF3 and IRF7 by phosphorylating IRF3 at Ser385 and IRF7 at Ser437/438 mediating type I IFN production. Together, we reveal a critical role for PARP9 as a non-canonical RNA sensor that depends on the PI3K/AKT3 pathway to produce type I IFN. These findings may have important clinical implications in controlling viral infections and viral-induced diseases by targeting PARP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Xing
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingli Fang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Laurie J Minze
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xian Chang Li
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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32
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Budroni V, Versteeg GA. Negative Regulation of the Innate Immune Response through Proteasomal Degradation and Deubiquitination. Viruses 2021; 13:584. [PMID: 33808506 PMCID: PMC8066222 DOI: 10.3390/v13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and dynamic activation of the innate immune system is achieved through complex signaling networks regulated by post-translational modifications modulating the subcellular localization, activity, and abundance of signaling molecules. Many constitutively expressed signaling molecules are present in the cell in inactive forms, and become functionally activated once they are modified with ubiquitin, and, in turn, inactivated by removal of the same post-translational mark. Moreover, upon infection resolution a rapid remodeling of the proteome needs to occur, ensuring the removal of induced response proteins to prevent hyperactivation. This review discusses the current knowledge on the negative regulation of innate immune signaling pathways by deubiquitinating enzymes, and through degradative ubiquitination. It focusses on spatiotemporal regulation of deubiquitinase and E3 ligase activities, mechanisms for re-establishing proteostasis, and degradation through immune-specific feedback mechanisms vs. general protein quality control pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gijs A. Versteeg
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria;
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Onomoto K, Onoguchi K, Yoneyama M. Regulation of RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling: interaction between host and viral factors. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:539-555. [PMID: 33462384 PMCID: PMC7812568 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the human genome, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, which contain N-terminal caspase recruitment domains, are activated upon the detection of viral RNAs in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. Activated RLRs induce downstream signaling via their interactions with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins and activate the production of type I and III interferons and inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have shown that RLR-mediated signaling is regulated by interactions with endogenous RNAs and host proteins, such as those involved in stress responses and posttranslational modifications. Since RLR-mediated cytokine production is also involved in the regulation of acquired immunity, the deregulation of RLR-mediated signaling is associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. Moreover, RLR-mediated signaling might be involved in the aberrant cytokine production observed in coronavirus disease 2019. Since the discovery of RLRs in 2004, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of RLR-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of regulated RNA recognition and signal activation by RLRs, focusing on the interactions between various host and viral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Onomoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Onoguchi
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan.
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34
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Wang L, Ning S. TRIMming Type I Interferon-Mediated Innate Immune Response in Antiviral and Antitumor Defense. Viruses 2021; 13:279. [PMID: 33670221 PMCID: PMC7916971 DOI: 10.3390/v13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family comprises at least 80 members in humans, with most having ubiquitin or SUMO E3 ligase activity conferred by their N-terminal RING domain. TRIMs regulate a wide range of processes in ubiquitination- or sumoylation-dependent manners in most cases, and fewer as adaptors. Their roles in the regulation of viral infections, autophagy, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and other stress responses, and carcinogenesis are being increasingly appreciated, and their E3 ligase activities are attractive targets for developing specific immunotherapeutic strategies for immune diseases and cancers. Given their importance in antiviral immune response, viruses have evolved sophisticated immune escape strategies to subvert TRIM-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we focus on their regulation of IFN-I-mediated innate immune response, which plays key roles in antiviral and antitumor defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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35
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Tracz M, Bialek W. Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:1. [PMID: 33402098 PMCID: PMC7786512 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis, ubiquitination is now regarded as essential for many other cellular processes. This results from the unique features of ubiquitin (Ub) and its ability to form various homo- and heterotypic linkage types involving one of the seven different lysine residues or the free amino group located at its N-terminus. While K48- and K63-linked chains are broadly covered in the literature, the other types of chains assembled through K6, K11, K27, K29, and K33 residues deserve equal attention in the light of the latest discoveries. Here, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in the field of these poorly understood Ub linkages and their possible roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tracz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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36
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Xiang Y, Zhang W, Jia P, Lu X, Liu W, Yi M, Jia K. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF114 Inhibits Innate Immune Response to Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Infection in Sea Perch by Targeting MAVS and TRAF3 to Mediate Their Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:77-88. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Fekete T, Ágics B, Bencze D, Bene K, Szántó A, Tarr T, Veréb Z, Bácsi A, Pázmándi K. Regulation of RLR-Mediated Antiviral Responses of Human Dendritic Cells by mTOR. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572960. [PMID: 33013932 PMCID: PMC7516067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect replicating viruses, dendritic cells (DCs) utilize cytoplasmic retinoic acid inducible gene-(RIG) I-like receptors (RLRs), which play an essential role in the subsequent activation of antiviral immune responses. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the regulation of RLR-triggered effector functions of human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Our results show that RLR stimulation increased the phosphorylation of the mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2 downstream targets p70S6 kinase and Akt, respectively, and this process was prevented by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin as well as the dual mTORC1/C2 kinase inhibitor AZD8055 in both DC subtypes. Furthermore, inhibition of mTOR in moDCs impaired the RLR stimulation-triggered glycolytic switch, which was reflected by the inhibition of lactate production and downregulation of key glycolytic genes. Blockade of mTOR diminished the ability of RLR-stimulated moDCs and pDCs to secret type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while it did not affect the phenotype of DCs. We also found that mTOR blockade decreased the phosphorylation of Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which mediates RLR-driven cytokine production. In addition, rapamycin abrogated the ability of both DC subtypes to promote the proliferation and differentiation of IFN-y and Granzyme B producing CD8 + T cells. Interestingly, AZD8055 was much weaker in its ability to decrease the T cell proliferation capacity of DCs and was unable to inhibit the DC-triggered production of IFN-y and Granyzme B by CD8 + T cells. Here we demonstrated for the first time that mTOR positively regulates the RLR-mediated antiviral activity of human DCs. Further, we show that only selective inhibition of mTORC1 but not dual mTORC1/C2 blockade suppresses effectively the T cell stimulatory capacity of DCs that should be considered in the development of new generation mTOR inhibitors and in the improvement of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Ágics
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antónia Szántó
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tarr
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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38
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Hage A, Rajsbaum R. To TRIM or not to TRIM: the balance of host-virus interactions mediated by the ubiquitin system. J Gen Virol 2020; 100:1641-1662. [PMID: 31661051 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system responds rapidly to protect against viral infections, but an overactive response can cause harmful damage. To avoid this, the response is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The ubiquitin system represents a powerful PTM machinery that allows for the reversible linkage of ubiquitin to activate and deactivate a target's function. A precise enzymatic cascade of ubiquitin-activating, conjugating and ligating enzymes facilitates ubiquitination. Viruses have evolved to take advantage of the ubiquitin pathway either by targeting factors to dampen the antiviral response or by hijacking the system to enhance their replication. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases has garnered attention as a major contributor to innate immunity. Many TRIM family members limit viruses either indirectly as components in innate immune signalling, or directly by targeting viral proteins for degradation. In spite of this, TRIMs and other ubiquitin ligases can be appropriated by viruses and repurposed as valuable tools in viral replication. This duality of function suggests a new frontier of research for TRIMs and raises new challenges for discerning the subtleties of these pro-viral mechanisms. Here, we review current findings regarding the involvement of TRIMs in host-virus interactions. We examine ongoing developments in the field, including novel roles for unanchored ubiquitin in innate immunity, the direct involvement of ubiquitin ligases in promoting viral replication, recent controversies on the role of ubiquitin and TRIM25 in activation of the pattern recognition receptor RIG-I, and we discuss the implications these studies have on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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39
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Wang P, Zhao Y, You F. OTUD1 Negatively Regulates Type I IFN Induction by Disrupting Noncanonical Ubiquitination of IRF3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1904-1918. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Refolo G, Vescovo T, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Ciccosanti F. Mitochondrial Interactome: A Focus on Antiviral Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32117959 PMCID: PMC7033419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, proteomics has represented a valuable approach to elucidate key aspects in the regulation of type I/III interferons (IFNs) and autophagy, two main processes involved in the response to viral infection, to unveil the molecular strategies that viruses have evolved to counteract these processes. Besides their main metabolic roles, mitochondria are well recognized as pivotal organelles in controlling signaling pathways essential to restrain viral infections. In particular, a major role in antiviral defense is played by mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, an adaptor protein that coordinates the activation of IFN inducing pathways and autophagy at the mitochondrial level. Here, we provide an overview of how mass spectrometry-based studies of protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs) have fostered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the mitochondria-mediated antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Refolo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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41
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Yang W, Gu Z, Zhang H, Hu H. To TRIM the Immunity: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:02157. [PMID: 33117334 PMCID: PMC7578260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been intensively studied as essential modulators in various biological processes, especially in regulating a wide range of signaling pathways involved in immune responses. Most TRIM proteins have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, mediating polyubiquitination of target proteins. Emerging evidence demonstrates that TRIM proteins play important roles in innate immunity by regulating pattern recognition receptors, vital adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcription factors in innate immune signaling pathways. Additionally, the critical roles of TRIM proteins in adaptive immunity, especially in T cell development and activation, are increasingly appreciated. In this review, we aim to summarize the studies on TRIMs in both innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on their E3 ubiquitin ligase functions in pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways and T cell functions, shedding light on the developing new strategies for modulating innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens and avoiding autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbo Hu
- *Correspondence: Huiyuan Zhang, ; Hongbo Hu,
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42
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Abstract
The innate immune system represents the first defense line of the host following viral infection. The infection triggers the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from the viruses by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the host cell. The interaction between viral PAMPs and PRRs evokes a sophisticated signal transduction system and eventually promotes the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Ubiquitination plays an indispensable role in fine-tuning almost every single step of this signaling cascade given on its versatile functions. Ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which cooperatively and accurately regulate the dynamic and reversible ubiquitination process, are the master regulators of antiviral signaling. In this review, we concentrate on summarizing the ubiquitin ligases and DUBs that modulate the central signaling molecules in antiviral innate immunity. Especially, we emphasize the ones that were identified by the immunologists from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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43
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Kim TH, Park J, Kim D, Gautam A, Akauliya M, Kim J, Lee H, Park S, Lee Y, Kwon HJ. Anti-Bacterial Effect of CpG-DNA Involves Enhancement of the Complement Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143397. [PMID: 31295956 PMCID: PMC6678731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG-DNA activates the host immune system to resist bacterial infections. In this study, we examined the protective effect of CpG-DNA in mice against Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 infection. Administration of CpG-DNA increased the survival of mice after E. coli K1 infection, which reduces the numbers of bacteria in the organs. Pre-injection of mice with CpG-DNA before E. coli K1 infection increased the levels of the complement C3 but not C3a and C3b. The survival of the mice after E. coli K1 infection was significantly decreased when the mice were pre-injected with the cobra venom factor (CVF) removing the complement compared to the non-CVF-treated mice group. It suggests that the complement has protective roles against E. coli K1 infection. In addition, the survival of complement-depleted mice was increased by CpG-DNA pre-administration before E. coli K1 infection. Therefore, we suggest that CpG-DNA enhances the anti-bacterial activity of the immune system by augmenting the levels of complement systems after E. coli K1 infection and triggering other factors as well. Further studies are required to investigate the functional roles of the CpG-DNA-induced complement regulation and other factors against urgent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ha Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Joongwon Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Dongbum Kim
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Avishekh Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Madhav Akauliya
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hanseul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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44
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Dou Y, Xing J, Kong G, Wang G, Lou X, Xiao X, Vivier E, Li XC, Zhang Z. Identification of the E3 Ligase TRIM29 as a Critical Checkpoint Regulator of NK Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:873-880. [PMID: 31270148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in immune surveillance and protective immunity, mainly through rapid cytokine release and cytolytic activities. But how such responses are negatively regulated remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM29 is a crucial regulator of NK cell functions. We found that TRIM29 was not expressed in resting NK cells, but was readily upregulated following activation, especially after IL-12 plus IL-18 stimulation. The levels of TRIM29 expression were inversely correlated with IFN-γ production by NK cells, suggesting that TRIM29 inhibits NK cell functions. Indeed, deficiency of TRIM29, specifically in NK cells, resulted in an enhanced IFN-γ production and consequently protected mice from murine CMV infection. Mechanistically, we showed that once induced in NK cells, TRIM29 ubiquitinates and degrades the TGF-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB2), a key adaptor protein in IFN-γ production by NK cells. These results identify TRIM29 as a negative regulator of NK cell functions and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Dou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Junji Xing
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gangcheng Kong
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiaohua Lou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, 13276 Marseille, France; and
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; .,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; .,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
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Li W, Li N, Dai S, Hou G, Guo K, Chen X, Yi C, Liu W, Deng F, Wu Y, Cao X. Zika virus circumvents host innate immunity by targeting the adaptor proteins MAVS and MITA. FASEB J 2019; 33:9929-9944. [PMID: 31180720 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900260r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) has generated extraordinary concern because of its severe neurotoxicity. Disturbingly, there is no vaccine or specific drug to prevent or treat the diseases caused by ZIKV infection. Thus, it is extremely urgent to characterize the pathogenesis of ZIKV. It has been documented that ZIKV can evade antiviral responses of host cells. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV strain SZ-WIV01 down-regulates the production of type I IFN and IFN-stimulated genes along with the expression of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and mediator of IFN regulatory factor 3 activation (MITA). In the mechanism, ZIKV nonstructural (NS) 3 and NS2B3 negatively regulate IFN-related retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor signaling pathway by targeting MAVS and MITA, respectively. Overexpression of ZIKV NS3 and NS2B3 dramatically inhibits expression of IFN-β. ZIKV NS3 interacts with MAVS, and NS2B3 interacts with MITA, which catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS and MITA for degradation. Further investigations suggest that ZIKV NS2B3 impairs polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-triggered K63-linked polyubiquitination of MITA, thereby subverting the activation of downstream sensors. Our study reveals an undiscovered mechanism for ZIKV to escape the innate immune response, providing new insights into clinical study of vaccines or effective drugs.-Li, W., Li, N., Dai, S., Hou, G., Guo, K., Chen, X., Yi, C., Liu, W., Deng, F., Wu, Y., Cao, X. Zika virus circumvents host innate immunity by targeting the adaptor proteins MAVS and MITA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- The Institute of Cancer Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Targets, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanglin Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanzuo Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaosong Wu
- The Institute of Cancer Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Targets, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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46
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Li W, Xue H, Li Y, Li P, Ma F, Liu M, Kong S. ATDC promotes the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:845-853. [PMID: 31168819 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that the ataxia telangiectasia group D complementing (ATDC) gene is an emerging cancer-related gene in multiple human cancer types. However, little is known about the role of ATDC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression level, biological function and underlying mechanism of ATDC in HCC. The expression of ATDC in HCC cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Cell growth was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. Cell invasion was assessed by Transwell invasion assay. The activation status of Wnt/β-catenin signalling was evaluated by the luciferase reporter assay. Functional experiments showed that the silencing of ATDC expression significantly suppressed the growth and invasion of HCC cells, whereas the overexpression of ATDC promoted the growth and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Moreover, we showed that ATDC overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and resulted in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Notably, the inhibition of GSK-3β activity significantly abrogated the tumour suppressive effect of ATDC silencing, while the silencing of β-catenin partially reversed the oncogenic effect of ATDC overexpression. Taken together, these findings reveal an oncogenic role of ATDC in HCC and show that the suppression of ATDC impedes the growth and invasion of HCC cells associated with the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Our study suggests that ATDC may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuquan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuzhen Kong
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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47
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Zhou J, Yang R, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yuan H. Mitochondrial Protein PINK1 Positively Regulates RLR Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1069. [PMID: 31139191 PMCID: PMC6527598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) controls mitochondrial quality and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease. However, whether PINK1 has functions in innate antiviral immunity is largely unknown. Here, we report that viral infection down regulates PINK1 expression in macrophages. PINK1 knockdown results in decreased cytokine production and attenuated IRF3 and NF-κB activation upon viral infection. PINK1 promotes the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR)-triggered immune responses in a kinase domain-dependent manner. Furthermore, PINK1 associates with TRAF3 via the kinase domain and inhibits Parkin-mediated TRAF3 K48-linked proteasomal degradation. In addition, PINK1 interacts with Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) upon viral infection and impairs YAP1/IRF3 complex formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PINK1 positively regulates RIG-I triggered innate immune responses by inhibiting TRAF3 degradation and relieving YAP-mediated inhibition of the cellular antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoru Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Cao Y, Shi L, Wang M, Hou J, Wei Y, Du C. ATDC contributes to sustaining the growth and invasion of glioma cells through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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49
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Xie X, Liu PS, Percipalle P. Analysis of Global Transcriptome Change in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts After dsDNA and dsRNA Viral Mimic Stimulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:836. [PMID: 31057555 PMCID: PMC6478819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of innate immunity by viral nucleic acids present in the cytoplasm plays an essential role in controlling viral infection in both immune and non-immune cells. The dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics can stimulate the cytosolic nucleic acids sensors and activate the antiviral innate immunity. In this study, taking advantage of dsDNA and dsRNA viral mimics, we investigated the global transcriptome changes after the antiviral immunity activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Results from our data identified a positive feedback up-regulation of sensors (e.g., Tlr2, Tlr3, Ddx58, cGAS), transducers (e.g., Traf2, Tbk1) and transcription factors (e.g., Irf7, Jun, Stat1, Stat2) in multiple pathways involved in detecting viral or microbial infections upon viral mimic stimulation. A group of genes involved in DNA damage response and DNA repair such as Parp9, Dtx3l, Rad52 were also up-regulated, implying the involvement of these genes in antiviral immunity. Molecular function analysis further showed that groups of helicase genes (e.g., Dhx58, Helz2), nuclease genes (e.g., Dnase1l3, Rsph10b), methyltransferase genes (e.g., histone methyltransferase Prdm9, Setdb2; RNA methyltransferase Mettl3, Mttl14), and protein ubiquitin-ligase genes (e.g., Trim genes and Rnf genes) were up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation. In contrast, viral mimic stimulation down-regulated genes involved in a broad range of general biological processes (e.g., cell division, metabolism), cellular components (e.g., mitochondria and ribosome), and molecular functions (e.g., cell-cell adhesion, microtubule binding). In summary, our study provides valuable information about the global transcriptome changes upon antiviral immunity activation. The identification of novel groups of genes up-regulated upon antiviral immunity activation serves as useful resource for mining new antiviral sensors and effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pu-Ste Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Zheng Y, Gao C. E3 ubiquitin ligases, the powerful modulator of innate antiviral immunity. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103915. [PMID: 31054776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During viral infection, the innate immune system represents the first defense line of the human body. The pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from the viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the host cell, especially from those of the immune cells. Sensing of PAMPs by PRRs elicits an elegant signal transduction system, ultimately leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Ubiquitination, with its versatile functions, plays a central role in modulating almost every single step of this signaling cascade. Ubiquitin ligases, which catalyze different types of ubiquitination correlating with multiple functions, are the key participant in fine-tuning antiviral signal transduction. In this review, we focus on summarizing the ubiquitin ligases that regulate the key signaling molecules in antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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