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Ibraheem Y, Bayarsaikhan G, Macalinao ML, Kimura K, Yui K, Aoshi T, Inoue SI. γδ T cell-mediated activation of cDC1 orchestrates CD4 + Th1 cell priming in malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1426316. [PMID: 39211036 PMCID: PMC11357926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells facilitate the CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell response against Plasmodium infection by activating conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our study revealed that γδ T cells promote the complete maturation and production of interleukin-12 and CXCR3-ligands specifically in type 1 cDCs (cDC1), with minimal impact on cDC2 and monocyte derived DCs (Mo-DCs). During the initial infection phase, γδ T cell activation and temporal accumulation in the splenic white pulp, alongside cDC1, occur via CCR7-signaling. Furthermore, cDC1/γδ T cell interactions in the white pulp are amplified through CXCR3 signaling in γδ T cells, optimizing Th1 cell priming by cDC1. We also demonstrated how transitional Th1 cells arise in the white pulp before establishing their presence in the red pulp as fully differentiated Th1 cells. Additionally, we elucidate the reciprocal activation between γδ T cells and cDC1s. These findings suggest that Th1 cell priming is orchestrated by this reciprocal activation in the splenic white pulp during the early phase of blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
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MESH Headings
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Animals
- Mice
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Malaria/immunology
- Malaria/parasitology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarob Ibraheem
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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2
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zeng X. The function of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:747-755. [PMID: 36799949 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of γδ T cells played in humoral immune responses. BACKGROUND The γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) recognizes antigens, including haptens and proteins, in an MHC-independent manner. The recognition of these antigens by γδ TCRs crosses antigen recognition by the B cell receptors (BCRs), suggesting that γδ T cells may be involved in the process of antigen recognition and activation of B cells. However, the role of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses is still less clear. METHODS The kinds of literature about the γδ T cell-B cell interaction were searched on PubMed with search terms, such as γδ T cells, antibody, B cell responses, antigen recognition, and infection. RESULTS Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells, independent of αβ T cells, participate in multiple steps of humoral immunity, including B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, antibody production and class switching. Mechanically, γδ T cells affect B cell function by directly interacting with B cells, secreting cytokines, or modulating αβ T cells. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how γδ T cells take part in the humoral immune response, which may assist future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Zhu R, Yan Q, Wang Y, Wang K. Biological characteristics of γδT cells and application in tumor immunotherapy. Front Genet 2023; 13:1077419. [PMID: 36685942 PMCID: PMC9846053 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1077419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδT cells are a special immune cell type which exist in small quantities in the body, do not require processing and presentation for antigen recognition, and have non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted immune response. They play an important role in the body's anti-tumor, anti-infection, immune regulation, immune surveillance and maintenance of immune tolerance. This article reviews the generation and development of human γδT cells, genetic characteristics, classification, recognition and role of antigens, and research progress in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai’an Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tai’an, China
| | - Yashu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Tai’an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, China,*Correspondence: Keqiang Wang,
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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5
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Chen X, Jiang X, Lu Y, Yao Y, Lu J, Zhi Q, Lai L, Liang J, Li C. Aerosol inhalation of Mycobacterium bovis can reduce the Th2 dominant immune response induced by ovalbumin sensitization. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3430-3438. [PMID: 35702073 PMCID: PMC9185090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether M. vaccae inhalation affects asthma via γδ T cell regulation. METHODS Forty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, asthma group, control group and intervention group. The normal group was given no treatment. For the asthma group, control group and intervention group, the mice were sensitized and stimulated with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish asthma models. Mice in the asthma group were not treated. Mice in the control group were treated with γδ T cell suspension from normal mice, and those in the intervention group were treated with γδ T cell suspension from mice intervened by Mycobacterium bovis. ELISA assay was adopted for quantification of IL-4 and IFN-γ in mouse alveolar fluid (BALF), and flow cytometry for determining the percentage of IL-4 and IFN-γ from mononuclear cells of lung tissues. RESULTS The airway responsiveness of the asthma group was higher than that of the normal group. The degree of airway inflammation in the intervention group was lighter than that in the control group, and it was significantly alleviated compared with the asthma group (P<0.05). Compared with the asthma group, the level of IL-4 in the BALF of the control group and the intervention group decreased significantly, while the level of IFN-γ increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of IL-4 in the BALF of the intervention group was significantly lower, while the level of IFN-γ was significantly higher (P<0.05). In addition, the results of flow cytometry were basically consistent with the results of Elisa. CONCLUSION Aerosol inhalation of Mycobacterium bovis can alleviate the Th2 dominant immune response induced by OVA sensitization and regulate the Th1/Th2 immune imbalance in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Chen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yien Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhi
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Lejin Lai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Province, China
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6
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Giri S, Lal G. Differentiation and functional plasticity of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells under homeostatic and disease conditions. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:138-149. [PMID: 34146759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous population of immune cells, which constitute <5% of total T cells in mice lymphoid tissue and human peripheral blood. However, they comprise a higher proportion of T cells in the epithelial and mucosal barrier, where they perform immune functions, help in tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. These tissues resident γδ T cells possess properties of innate and adaptive immune cells which enables them to perform a variety of functions during homeostasis and disease. Emerging data suggest the involvement of γδ T cells during transplant rejection and survival. Interestingly, several functions of γδ T cells can be modulated through their interaction with other immune cells. This review provides an overview of development, differentiation plasticity into regulatory and effector phenotypes of γδ T cells during homeostasis and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Giri
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India.
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Wawryk-Gawda E, Kowalska W, Janiszewska M, Bojarska-Junak A. γδ T Lymphocytes in Asthma: a Complicated Picture. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:4. [PMID: 33661375 PMCID: PMC7932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A minor subset (approximately 5%) of peripheral T cells has their TCR build up from γ and δ chains instead of α and β—those are the γδ T lymphocytes. They can be functionally divided into subsets, e.g., Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Tfh-, and Treg-like γδ T cells. They share some specifics of both innate and adaptive immunity, and are capable of rapid response to a range of stimuli, including some viral and bacterial infections. Atopic diseases, including asthma, are one of major health-related problems of modern western societies. Asthma is one of the most common airway diseases, affecting people of all ages and having potential life-threatening consequences. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the involvement of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and its exacerbations. We summarize both the studies performed on human subjects as well as on the murine model of asthma. γδ T cells seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, different subsets probably perform opposite functions, e.g., symptom-exacerbating Vγ1 and symptom-suppressing Vγ4 in mice model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Kowalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics With E-Learning Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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8
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Nguyen CT, Maverakis E, Eberl M, Adamopoulos IE. γδ T cells in rheumatic diseases: from fundamental mechanisms to autoimmunity. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:595-605. [PMID: 31506867 PMCID: PMC6815259 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system tightly regulate immune responses in order to maintain homeostasis and host defense. The interaction between those two systems is critical in the activation and suppression of immune responses which if unchecked may lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. γδ T cells are non-conventional lymphocytes, which express T cell receptor (TCR) γδ chains on their surface and straddle between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent advances in of γδ T cell biology have allowed us to expand our understanding of γδ T cell in the dysregulation of immune responses and the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on γδ T cells and their roles in skin and joint inflammation as commonly observed in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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9
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Gelfand EW, Joetham A, Wang M, Takeda K, Schedel M. Spectrum of T-lymphocyte activities regulating allergic lung inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 278:63-86. [PMID: 28658551 PMCID: PMC5501488 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of asthma, optimization of symptom control remains an unmet need in many patients. These patients, labeled severe asthma, are responsible for a substantial fraction of the disease burden. In these patients, research is needed to define the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to disease which in large part are refractory to corticosteroid treatment. The causes of steroid-resistant asthma are multifactorial and result from complex interactions of genetics, environmental factors, and innate and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity, addressed here, integrates the activities of distinct T-cell subsets and by definition is dynamic and responsive to an ever-changing environment and the influences of epigenetic modifications. These T-cell subsets exhibit different susceptibilities to the actions of corticosteroids and, in some, corticosteroids enhance their functional activation. Moreover, these subsets are not fixed in lineage differentiation but can undergo transcriptional reprogramming in a bidirectional manner between protective and pathogenic effector states. Together, these factors contribute to asthma heterogeneity between patients but also in the same patient at different stages of their disease. Only by carefully defining mechanistic pathways, delineating their sensitivity to corticosteroids, and determining the balance between regulatory and effector pathways will precision medicine become a reality with selective and effective application of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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10
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Li C, Jiang X, Luo M, Feng G, Sun Q, Chen Y. Mycobacterium vaccae Nebulization Can Protect against Asthma in Balb/c Mice by Regulating Th9 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161164. [PMID: 27518187 PMCID: PMC4982628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. CD4(+) T-helper 9 (Th9) cells are closely linked to asthma, helping to regulate inflammation and immunity. Epidemiological studies showed that mycobacteria infections are negatively associated with asthma. Our previous research showed that inactivated Mycobacterium phlei nebulization alleviated the airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation of asthma. However, the relationship between Th9 cells and mycobacteria remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the relationship between Mycobacterium vaccae nebulization and Th9 cells in asthmatic mice. Eighteen Balb/c mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each (normal control group, asthma control group, and nebulization asthma group [Neb. group]). The Neb. group was nebulized with M. vaccae one month before establishment of the asthmatic model with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, and the normal and asthma control groups were nebulized with phosphate-buffered saline. The hyperresponsiveness of the mouse airways was assessed using a non-invasive lung function machine. Lung airway inflammation was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Cytokine interlukin-9 (IL-9) concentration and OVA-specific IgE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The percentages of γδTCR+ CD3+, IL-9+CD3+, IL-10+CD3+ lymphocytes, and IL9+γδT and IL-10+γδT cells were detected by flow cytometry. The airway inflammation and concentration of IL-9 and OVA-specific IgE were significantly reduced in the Neb. group compared to the asthma control group. The Neb. group had lower airway hyperresponsiveness, percentages of γδTCR+CD3+ and IL-9+CD3+ lymphocytes, and IL9+γδT cells, and higher percentages of IL-10+CD3+ lymphocytes and IL-10+γδT cells compared to the asthma control group. Thus, mouse bronchial asthma could be prevented by M. vaccae nebulization. The mechanism could involve M. vaccae-mediated effects on induction of IL-9 secretion and suppression of IL-10 secretion from γδT cells. γδT cells showed prominent IL-10 expression, indicating that they possibly belong to the Th9 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Mingjie Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangyi Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qixiang Sun
- The Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Geriatric Disease, The National Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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11
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Huang Y, Getahun A, Heiser RA, Detanico TO, Aviszus K, Kirchenbaum GA, Casper TL, Huang C, Aydintug MK, Carding SR, Ikuta K, Huang H, Wysocki LJ, Cambier JC, O'Brien RL, Born WK. γδ T Cells Shape Preimmune Peripheral B Cell Populations. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:217-31. [PMID: 26582947 PMCID: PMC4684964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that selective ablation of certain γδ T cell subsets, rather than removal of all γδ T cells, strongly affects serum Ab levels in nonimmunized mice. This type of manipulation also changed T cells, including residual γδ T cells, revealing some interdependence of γδ T cell populations. For example, in mice lacking Vγ4(+) and Vγ6(+) γδ T cells (B6.TCR-Vγ4(-/-)/6(-/-)), we observed expanded Vγ1(+) cells, which changed in composition and activation and produced more IL-4 upon stimulation in vitro, increased IL-4 production by αβ T cells as well as spontaneous germinal center formation in the spleen, and elevated serum Ig and autoantibodies. We therefore examined B cell populations in this and other γδ-deficient mouse strains. Whereas immature bone marrow B cells remained largely unchanged, peripheral B cells underwent several changes. Specifically, transitional and mature B cells in the spleen of B6.TCR-Vγ4(-/-)/6(-/-) mice and other peripheral B cell populations were diminished, most of all splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells. However, relative frequencies and absolute numbers of Ab-producing cells, as well as serum levels of Abs, IL-4, and BAFF, were increased. Cell transfers confirmed that these changes are directly dependent on the altered γδ T cells in this strain and on their enhanced potential of producing IL-4. Further evidence suggests the possibility of direct interactions between γδ T cells and B cells in the splenic MZ. Taken together, these data demonstrate the capability of γδ T cells of modulating size and productivity of preimmune peripheral B cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Transfer, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ryan A Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Thiago O Detanico
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Greg A Kirchenbaum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Tamara L Casper
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Chunjian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - M Kemal Aydintug
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Simon R Carding
- Institute of Food Research and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Lawrence J Wysocki
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Willi K Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045;
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12
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Aydintug MK, Zhang L, Wang C, Liang D, Wands JM, Michels AW, Hirsch B, Day BJ, Zhang G, Sun D, Eisenbarth GS, O'Brien RL, Born WK. γδ T cells recognize the insulin B:9-23 peptide antigen when it is dimerized through thiol oxidation. Mol Immunol 2014; 60:116-28. [PMID: 24853397 PMCID: PMC4091716 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin peptide B:9-23 is a natural antigen in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition to αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells recognize the peptide and infiltrate the pancreatic islets where the peptide is produced within β cells. The peptide contains a cysteine in position 19 (Cys19), which is required for the γδ but not the αβ T cell response, and a tyrosine in position 16 (Tyr16), which is required for both. A peptide-specific mAb, tested along with the T cells, required neither of the two amino acids to bind the B:9-23 peptide. We found that γδ T cells require Cys19 because they recognize the peptide antigen in an oxidized state, in which the Cys19 thiols of two peptide molecules form a disulfide bond, creating a soluble homo-dimer. In contrast, αβ T cells recognize the peptide antigen as a reduced monomer, in complex with the MHCII molecule I-A(g7). Unlike the unstructured monomeric B:9-23 peptide, the γδ-stimulatory homo-dimer adopts a distinct secondary structure in solution, which differs from the secondary structure of the corresponding portion of the native insulin molecule. Tyr16 is required for this adopted structure of the dimerized insulin peptide as well as for the γδ response to it. This observation is consistent with the notion that γδ T cell recognition depends on the secondary structure of the dimerized insulin B:9-23 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kemal Aydintug
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J M Wands
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Aaron W Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke Hirsch
- Department of Biomolecular Structure, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, CO 80206, USA
| | - Gongyi Zhang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Deming Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - George S Eisenbarth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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The role of the γ δ T cell in allergic diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:963484. [PMID: 24995350 PMCID: PMC4065764 DOI: 10.1155/2014/963484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant distribution of γδ T cells in the mucosal and epithelial tissues makes these unconventional lymphocytes the “guards” to contact external environment (like allergens) and to contribute to immune surveillance, as well as “vanguards” to participate in initiating mucosal inflammation. Therefore, γδ T cells have been considered to bridge the innate and adaptive immunity. The role these cells play in allergy seems to be complicated and meaningful, so it makes sense to review the characteristics and role of γδ T cells in allergic diseases.
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14
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He Y, Wu K, Hu Y, Sheng L, Tie R, Wang B, Huang H. γδ T cell and other immune cells crosstalk in cellular immunity. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:960252. [PMID: 24741636 PMCID: PMC3987930 DOI: 10.1155/2014/960252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have been recognized as effectors with immunomodulatory functions in cellular immunity. These abilities enable them to interact with other immune cells, thus having the potential for treatment of various immune-mediated diseases with adoptive cell therapy. So far, the interactions between γδ T cell and other immune cells have not been well defined. Here we will discuss the interactivities among them and the perspective on γδ T cells for their use in immunotherapy could be imagined. The understanding of the crosstalk among the immune cells in immunopathology might be beneficial for the clinical application of γδ T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kangni Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lixia Sheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
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15
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Zheng R, Wu X, Huang X, Chen Y, Yang Q, Li Y, Zhang G. Gene expression pattern of Treg and TCR Vγ subfamily T cells before and after specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis. J Transl Med 2014; 12:24. [PMID: 24460842 PMCID: PMC3903019 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T regulatory cell (Treg) plays a critical role in respiratory allergy and allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT), and γδ T cells might participate in mediating Treg quantity and/or function in some immunological diseases. To further characterize whether γδ T cells could influence Treg in allergic rhinitis (AR) and SIT, we investigated the expression pattern of Treg's Foxp3 gene and γδ T cell receptor (TCR) Vγ subfamily genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AR patients before and after SIT. METHODS Eighteen AR patients undergoing effective SIT with house dust mite extract for one year were recruited. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was applied to evaluate the severity. Immunofluorescence quantification analysis was performed to determine the serum specific IgE (sIgE) content. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of Foxp3 and TCR Vγ subfamilies. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the controls. RESULTS Nasal uni-VAS score after SIT was significantly lower than that before SIT, while serum sIgE content was similar before and after SIT. Expression levels of Foxp3 and TCR Vγ subfamilies in AR patients before treatment were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects. Expression levels of VγI and II were similar before and after SIT, while expression levels of Foxp3 and VγIII after SIT were significantly higher than those before. Before SIT, the significant positive correlation was observed between expression levels of Foxp3 and VγI, II, III, while negative correlation was observed between Foxp3, VγIII and VAS. After SIT, the significant positive correlation between expression levels of Foxp3 and VγIII and negative correlation between Foxp3, VγIII and VAS were observed. CONCLUSIONS Treg and Vγ subfamily T cells were in a dynamic equilibrium in AR patients before and after effective immunotherapy for one year. The early improvement of symptoms following immunotherapy might be independent of the serum sIgE content in AR patients, but associated with the reconstitution of T cell immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Desensitization, Immunologic
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/blood
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Visual Analog Scale
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuekun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qintai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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16
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Huang Y, Aydintug MK, Loomis J, Macleod MK, McKee AS, Kirchenbaum G, Jakubzick CV, Kedl RM, Sun D, Jacobelli J, O'Brien RL, Born WK. Antigen-specific regulation of IgE antibodies by non-antigen-specific γδ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:913-21. [PMID: 23275606 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We re-examined the observation that γδ T cells, when transferred from mice tolerized to an inhaled conventional Ag, suppress the allergic IgE response to this Ag specifically. Using OVA and hen egg lysozyme in crisscross fashion, we confirmed the Ag-specific IgE-regulatory effect of the γδ T cells. Although only Vγ4(+) γδ T cells are regulators, the Ag specificity does not stem from specificity of their γδ TCRs. Instead, the Vγ4(+) γδ T cells failed to respond to either Ag, but rapidly acquired Ag-specific regulatory function in vivo following i.v. injection of non-T cells derived from the spleen of Ag-tolerized mice. This correlated with their in vivo Ag acquisition from i.v. injected Ag-loaded splenic non-T cells, and in vivo transfer of membrane label provided evidence for direct contact between the injected splenic non-T cells and the Vγ4(+) γδ T cells. Together, our data suggest that Ag itself, when acquired by γδ T cells, directs the specificity of their IgE suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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17
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Crucial role of gamma interferon-producing CD4+ Th1 cells but dispensable function of CD8+ T cell, B cell, Th2, and Th17 responses in the control of Brucella melitensis infection in mice. Infect Immun 2012; 80:4271-80. [PMID: 23006848 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00761-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis that causes abortion in domestic animals and chronic febrile disease associated with serious complications in humans. There is currently no approved vaccine against human brucellosis, and antibiotic therapy is long and costly. Development of a safe protective vaccine requires a better understanding of the roles played by components of adaptive immunity in the control of Brucella infection. The importance of lymphocyte subsets in the control of Brucella growth has been investigated separately by various research groups and remains unclear or controversial. Here, we used a large panel of genetically deficient mice to compare the importance of B cells, transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP-1), and major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent pathways of antigen presentation as well as T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17-mediated responses on the immune control of Brucella melitensis 16 M infection. We clearly confirmed the key function played by gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing Th1 CD4(+) T cells in the control of B. melitensis infection, whereas IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells or B cell-mediated humoral immunity plays only a modest role in the clearance of bacteria during primary infection. In the presence of a Th1 response, Th2 or Th17 responses do not really develop or play a positive or negative role during the course of B. melitensis infection. On the whole, these results could improve our ability to develop protective vaccines or therapeutic treatments against brucellosis.
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18
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Abstract
Obesity and related type 2 diabetes are increasing at epidemic proportions globally. It is now recognized that inflammatory responses mediated within the adipose tissue in obesity are central to the development of disease. Once initiated, chronic inflammation associated with obesity leads to the modulation of immune cell function. This review will focus specifically on the impact of obesity on γδ T cells, a T-cell subset that is found in high concentrations in epithelial tissues such as the skin, intestine, and lung. Epithelial γδ T cell function is of particular concern in obesity as they are the guardians of the epithelial barrier and mediate repair. A breakdown in their function, and subsequently the deterioration of the epithelium can result in dire consequences for the host. Obese patients are more prone to non-healing injuries, infection, and disease. The resulting inflammation from these pathologies further perpetuates the disease condition already present in obese hosts. Here we will provide insight into the immunomodulation of γδ T cells that occurs in the epithelial barrier during obesity and discuss current therapeutic options.
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19
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Hao J, Dong S, Xia S, He W, Jia H, Zhang S, Wei J, O'Brien RL, Born WK, Wu Z, Wang P, Han J, Hong Z, Zhao L, Yin Z. Regulatory role of Vγ1 γδ T cells in tumor immunity through IL-4 production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4979-86. [PMID: 21987661 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the two main subsets of peripheral γδ T cells, Vγ1 and Vγ4, have divergent functions in many diseases models. Recently, we reported that Vγ4 γδ T cells played a protective role in tumor immunity through eomesodermin-controlled mechanisms. However, the precise roles of Vγ1 γδ T cells in tumor immunity, especially whether Vγ1 γδ T cells have any interaction with Vγ4 γδ T cells, remain unknown. We demonstrated in this paper that Vγ1 γδ T cells suppressed Vγ4 γδ T cell-mediated antitumor function both in vitro and in vivo, and this suppression was cell contact independent. Using neutralizing anti-IL-4 Ab or IL-4(-/-) mice, we determined the suppressive factor derived from Vγ1 γδ T cells was IL-4. Indeed, treatment of Vγ4 γδ T cells with rIL-4 significantly reduced expression levels of NKG2D, perforin, and IFN-γ. Finally, Vγ1 γδ T cells produced more IL-4 and expressed significantly higher level of GATA-3 upon Th2 priming in comparison with Vγ4 γδ T cells. Therefore, to our knowledge, our results established for the first time a negative regulatory role of Vγ1 γδ T cells in Vγ4 γδ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity through cell contact-independent and IL-4-mediated mechanisms. Selective depletion of this suppressive subset of γδ T cells may be beneficial for tumor immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Jaffar Z, Ferrini ME, Shaw PK, FitzGerald GA, Roberts K. Prostaglandin I₂promotes the development of IL-17-producing γδ T cells that associate with the epithelium during allergic lung inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5380-91. [PMID: 21976777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells rapidly produce cytokines and represent a first line of defense against microbes and other environmental insults at mucosal tissues and are thus thought to play a local immunoregulatory role. We show that allergic airway inflammation was associated with an increase in innate IL-17-producing γδ T (γδ-17) cells that expressed the αEβ7 integrin and were closely associated with the airway epithelium. Importantly, PGI(2) and its receptor IP, which downregulated airway eosinophilic inflammation, promoted the emergence of these intraepithelial γδ-17 cells into the airways by enhancing IL-6 production by lung eosinophils and dendritic cells. Accordingly, a pronounced reduction of γδ-17 cells was observed in the thymus of naive mice lacking the PGI(2) receptor IP, as well as in the lungs during allergic inflammation, implying a critical role for PGI(2) in the programming of "natural" γδ-17 cells. Conversely, iloprost, a stable analog of PGI(2), augmented IL-17 production by γδ T cells but significantly reduced airway inflammation. Together, these findings suggest that PGI(2) plays a key immunoregulatory role by promoting the development of innate intraepithelial γδ-17 cells through an IL-6-dependent mechanism. By enhancing γδ-17 cell responses, stable analogs of PGI(2) may be exploited in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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21
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Havran WL, Jameson JM. Epidermal T cells and wound healing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5423-8. [PMID: 20483798 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The murine epidermis contains resident T cells that express a canonical gammadelta TCR. These cells arise from fetal thymic precursors and use a TCR that is restricted to the skin in adult animals. These cells assume a dendritic morphology in normal skin and constitutively produce low levels of cytokines that contribute to epidermal homeostasis. When skin is wounded, an unknown Ag is expressed on damaged keratinocytes. Neighboring gammadelta T cells then round up and contribute to wound healing by local production of epithelial growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. In the absence of skin gammadelta T cells, wound healing is impaired. Similarly, epidermal T cells from patients with healing wounds are activated and secreting growth factors. Patients with nonhealing wounds have a defective epidermal T cell response. Information gained on the role of epidermal-resident T cells in the mouse may provide information for development of new therapeutic approaches to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Havran
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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22
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Gammadelta T cell effector functions: a blend of innate programming and acquired plasticity. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:467-78. [PMID: 20539306 DOI: 10.1038/nri2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells have several innate cell-like features that allow their early activation following recognition of conserved stress-induced ligands. Here we review recent observations revealing the ability of gammadelta T cells to rapidly produce cytokines that regulate pathogen clearance, inflammation and tissue homeostasis in response to tissue stress. These studies provide insights into how they acquire these properties, through both developmental programming in the thymus and functional polarization in the periphery. Innate features of gammadelta T cells underlie their non-redundant role in several physiopathological contexts and are therefore being exploited in the design of new immunotherapeutic approaches.
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23
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O'Brien RL, Born WK. gammadelta T cell subsets: a link between TCR and function? Semin Immunol 2010; 22:193-8. [PMID: 20451408 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The gammadelta T lmphocytes are often divided into subsets based upon expression of certain TCR components. This division was initially made because gammadelta T cells residing in particular epithelia were found to show tissue specific differences in their TCRs. Many examples now show that gammadelta T cell subsets also appear to be biased to carry out particular functions. This suggests that particular gammadelta TCR types direct the cells to acquire a certain type of functional programming during thymic development. Here, we describe functionally distinct, TCR-defined gammadelta T cell subsets, and evidence that their functions are predetermined in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Dept. of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206, United States; Univ. of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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24
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Born WK, Yin Z, Hahn YS, Sun D, O'Brien RL. Analysis of gamma delta T cell functions in the mouse. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:4055-61. [PMID: 20368285 PMCID: PMC4476288 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of disease and injury have been invaluable in investigations of the functional role of gammadelta T cells. They show that gammadelta T cells engage in immune responses both early and late, that they can function both polyclonally and as peripherally selected clones, and that they can be effector cells and immune regulators. They also suggest that functional development of gammadelta T cells occurs stepwise in thymus and periphery, and that it is governed by gammadelta TCR-signaling and other signals. Finally, they indicate that gammadelta T cell functions often segregate with TCR-defined subsets, in contrast to conventional T cells. From the functional studies in mice and other animal models, gammadelta T cells emerge as a distinct lymphocyte population with a unique and broad functional repertoire, and with important roles in Ab responses, inflammation and tissue repair. They also are revealed as a potentially useful target for immune intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/physiology
- Mice
- Models, Animal
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/classification
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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25
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26
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Huang Y, Jin N, Roark CL, Aydintug MK, Wands JM, Huang H, O'Brien RL, Born WK. The influence of IgE-enhancing and IgE-suppressive gammadelta T cells changes with exposure to inhaled ovalbumin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:849-55. [PMID: 19542369 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the IgE response to allergens is influenced by gammadelta T cells. Intrigued by a study showing that airway challenge of mice with OVA induces in the spleen the development of gammadelta T cells that suppress the primary IgE response to i.p.-injected OVA-alum, we investigated the gammadelta T cells involved. We found that the induced IgE suppressors are contained within the Vgamma4(+) subset of gammadelta T cells of the spleen, that they express Vdelta5 and CD8, and that they depend on IFN-gamma for their function. However, we also found that normal nonchallenged mice harbor IgE-enhancing gammadelta T cells, which are contained within the larger Vgamma1(+) subset of the spleen. In cell transfer experiments, airway challenge of the donors was required to induce the IgE suppressors among the Vgamma4(+) cells. Moreover, this challenge simultaneously turned off the IgE enhancers among the Vgamma1(+) cells. Thus, airway allergen challenge differentially affects two distinct subsets of gammadelta T cells with nonoverlapping functional potentials, and the outcome is IgE suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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27
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Jin N, Roark CL, Miyahara N, Taube C, Aydintug MK, Wands JM, Huang Y, Hahn YS, Gelfand EW, O'Brien RL, Born WK. Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness-enhancing gammadelta T cells develop in normal untreated mice and fail to produce IL-4/13, unlike Th2 and NKT cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2002-10. [PMID: 19201853 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice, mediated by allergen-specific Th2 cells and Th2-like invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, develops under the influence of enhancing and inhibitory gammadelta T cells. The AHR-enhancing cells belong to the Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T cell subset, cells that are capable of increasing IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the airways in a manner like Th2 cells. They also synergize with iNKT cells in mediating AHR. However, unlike Th2 cells, the AHR enhancers arise in untreated mice, and we show here that they exhibit their functional bias already as thymocytes, at an HSA(high) maturational stage. In further contrast to Th2 cells and also unlike iNKT cells, they could not be stimulated to produce IL-4 and IL-13, consistent with their synergistic dependence on iNKT cells in mediating AHR. Mice deficient in IFN-gamma, TNFRp75, or IL-4 did not produce these AHR-enhancing gammadelta T cells, but in the absence of IFN-gamma, spontaneous development of these cells was restored by adoptive transfer of IFN-gamma-competent dendritic cells from untreated donors. The i.p. injection of OVA/aluminum hydroxide restored development of the AHR enhancers in all of the mutant strains, indicating that the enhancers still can be induced when they fail to develop spontaneously, and that they themselves need not express TNFRp75, IFN-gamma, or IL-4 to exert their function. We conclude that both the development and the cytokine potential of the AHR-enhancing gammadelta T cells differs critically from that of Th2 cells and NKT cells, despite similar influences of these cell populations on AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyun Jin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Born WK, Roark CL, Jin N, Wands JM, Kemal Aydintug M, Huang Y, Chain JL, Hahn YS, Simonian PL, Fontenot AP, O'Brien RL. Role of γδ T Cells in Lung Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:143-150. [PMID: 26550059 PMCID: PMC4634705 DOI: 10.2174/1874226200902010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The resident population of γδ T cells in the normal lung is small but during lung inflammation, γδ T cells can increase dramatically. Histological analysis reveals diverse interactions between γδ T cells and other pulmonary leukocytes. Studies in animal models show that γδ T cells play a role in allergic lung inflammation where they can protect normal lung function, that they also are capable of resolving infection-induced pulmonary inflammation, and that they can help preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Lung inflammation threatens vital lung functions. Protection of the lung tissues and their functions during inflammation is the net-effect of opposing influences of specialized subsets of γδ T cells as well as interactions of these cells with other pulmonary leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi K Born
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina L Roark
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Niyun Jin
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - J M Wands
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - M Kemal Aydintug
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yafei Huang
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer L Chain
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Youn-Soo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-711 and 240, Korea
| | - Philip L Simonian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca L O'Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, 80206 and University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Betts RJ, Kemeny DM. CD8+ T cells in asthma: friend or foe? Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:123-31. [PMID: 18940198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While it is well established that CD4(+) T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the initiation, progression and persistence of asthma, the role of CD8(+) T cells is less understood. CD8(+) T cells form functionally similar subsets which exhibit similar cytokine profiles as Th1 and Th2 cells, known as Tc1 and Tc2. Evidence from animal studies suggest that CD8(+) T cells are capable of regulating IgE production through the induction of IL-12 and IL-18 production in dendritic cells, and that CD8(+) T cells may act to moderate Th2 polarisation within the localised lymph nodes during allergic sensitisation. Such findings have led to the suggestion that Th1 polarising, CD8(+) T cell-inducing vaccines would inhibit the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and Th2 cell infiltration. Despite these positive findings, the role of CD8(+) T cells within the lung remains poorly understood. While CD8(+) T cells, particularly those expressing the Tc1 phenotype, are capable of moderating inflammation and suppressing AHR, it has been postulated that Tc2 CD8(+) T cells predominate within established asthma and may act to amplify the inappropriate immune response which defines the condition. Within the clinic, the association between CD8(+) T cells and asthma is almost universally defined as injurious, further suggesting a prejudicial role for these cells within the established disease. CD8(+) T cells may be a valuable potential target for therapeutic intervention, either by potentiating their regulatory effects prior to the development of sensitisation, or through suppressing their pro-inflammatory properties within established atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Betts
- Immunology Program and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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